# ls ## Command Function This command is used to display the content of a specified directory. ## Syntax ls \[_-ACHLSZacdfhiklmnopqrstux1_\] \[_--color_\[_=auto_\]\] \[_directory..._\] >![](../public_sys-resources/icon-note.gif) **NOTE:** >During the system boot process, **ls=toybox ls --color=auto**, **ll = ls -alF**, **la=ls -A**, and **l=ls -CF** commands have been enabled using **alias** so that the initial actions of these commands are the same as those on Linux. For details, see the output description. To view help information, run **toybox ls --help**. ## Parameters **Table 1** Command parameter description

Parameter	Description	Value Range
--help	Displays parameters supported by the ls command and their usage.	N/A
-a	Displays all files, including .hidden files.	N/A
-b	Escapes non-graphical characters.	N/A
-c	Uses ctime as the file timestamp. This parameter must be used together with -l.	N/A
-d	Displays only the directory, rather than listing the content of the directory.	N/A
-i	Displays the node ID of a file.	N/A
-p	Adds a slash (/) after the directory.	N/A
-q	Displays non-printable characters, such as "?".	N/A
-s	Provides information about the memory occupied by the directory and its members, in 1024 bytes.	N/A
-u	Uses the last access time of the file as the timestamp. This option is used together with -l.	N/A
-A	Lists all files except implied . and ..	N/A
-H	Follows symbolic links listed in the command line.	N/A
-L	Follows symbolic links.	N/A
-Z	Displays security context.	N/A
path	If path is left blank, the content of the current directory is displayed. If path is an invalid file name, the following failure message is displayed: ls error: No such directory If path is a valid directory, the content of that directory is displayed.	Left blank or a valid directory

**Table 2** Output parameters

Parameter	Description	Value Range
-1	Lists one file per line.	N/A
-c	Lists entries by column.	N/A
-g	Like -l, but do not list owner.	N/A
-h	Displays the total size of files in the directory, in KiB.	N/A
-l	Displays detailed information about files in the directory.	N/A
-m	Fills width with a list of entries separated by a comma.	N/A
-n	Like -l, but lists numeric user and group IDs.	N/A
-o	Like -l, but do not list group information.	N/A
-x	Lists entries by line, instead of by column.	N/A
-ll	Lists the file time attribute as ns.	N/A
--color	Colorizes the output.	Default value: device=yellow symlink=turquoise/red dir=blue socket=purple files: exe=green suid=red suidfile=redback stickydir=greenback=auto means detect if output is a tty.

**Table 3** Sorting parameters $sorted by the initial letter by default$

Parameter	Description	Value Range
-f	Do not sort.	N/A
-r	Reverse order while sorting.	N/A
-t	Sort by time, newest first.	N/A
-S	Sort by file size, largest first.	N/A

## Usage None >![](../public_sys-resources/icon-notice.gif) **NOTICE:** >The file node information of the FAT file system inherits from its parent node. The parent node ID is **0**. Therefore, if you run the **ls -i** command on the Hi3516D V300 development board, the file node IDs displayed are all **0**. ## Example Run the following commands: - ls - ll ## Output Example 1: **ls** command output ``` OHOS:/$ ls bin etc nfs sdcard system usr dev lib proc storage userdata vendor ``` Example 2: **ll** command output ``` OHOS:/$ ll total 20 drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 0 0 0 0 1970-01-01 00:00 dev/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 etc/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 lib/ drwxrwxrwx 0 0 0 4096 2021-10-25 02:17 nfs/ dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 0 1970-01-01 00:00 proc/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 4096 1979-12-31 00:00 sdcard/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 storage/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 system/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 userdata/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 usr/ drwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 2048 2021-11-21 17:52 vendor/ ```