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5 			force -- enable ACPI if default was off
6 on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64]
7 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
8 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
9 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
11 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
12 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
119 Disable auto-serialization of AML methods
122 auto-serialization feature.
140 Ignore the ACPI-based watchdog interface (WDAT) and let
161 acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor
163 acpi_osi=!! # enable all built-in OS vendor
225 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
233 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
263 See Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst
270 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
275 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
278 32: only for 32-bit processes
279 64: only for 64-bit processes
280 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
281 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
290 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
293 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
297 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
299 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
305 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
311 amd_iommu_intr= [HW,X86-64]
314 legacy - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode.
315 vapic - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU
317 This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1.
331 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
333 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
334 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
341 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
342 For X86-32, this can also be used to specify an APIC
362 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
371 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
395 audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system
397 0 | off - kernel audit is disabled and can not be
399 unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and
401 1 | on - kernel audit is initialized and partially
414 0 - Disable the BAU.
415 1 - Enable the BAU.
416 unset - Disable the BAU.
437 See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt
452 bttv.pll= See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst
461 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
475 inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h
485 - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in
487 - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable
500 nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting.
501 nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting.
506 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
508 1 -- check protection requested by application.
521 force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve
525 information, see Documentation/driver-api/clk.rst.
527 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
544 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
551 [X86-64] hpet,tsc
557 architected timer so that code using WFE-based polling
574 cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]]
581 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
594 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
598 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
602 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
620 See Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for more
630 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
633 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
634 (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32).
638 the h/w is not re-initialized.
659 syscall, or to executing "dmesg -S --raw" or to reading
679 disable the cpuidle sub-system
682 disable the cpufreq sub-system
685 [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert
705 start-[end] where start and end are both
722 low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit
732 [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests
746 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
750 Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst for
764 [KNL] verbose self-tests
767 self-tests.
769 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
846 against bounds-checking flaws in the kernel's
892 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
893 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
894 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
898 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
909 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
926 Control how the dt_cpu_ftrs device-tree binding is
936 what data is available or for reverse-engineering.
941 Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst
962 stdout-path property in device tree's chosen node,
969 Start an early, polled-mode console on a Cadence
980 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
982 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
983 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be).
991 Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial
995 the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write
999 Start an early, polled-mode console on a meson serial
1005 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1011 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1017 Start an early, polled-mode console on a serial port
1037 Start an early, polled-mode console on a lantiq serial
1050 Start an early, polled-mode console on the
1056 Start an early, polled-mode console on a Qualcomm
1125 old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
1126 runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by
1147 attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and
1148 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000.
1159 Documentation/acpi/ssdt-overlays.txt for details.
1165 elanfreq= [X86-32]
1171 See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
1172 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
1194 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
1195 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
1217 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
1223 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
1228 forcepae [X86-32]
1247 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
1249 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
1254 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
1256 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
1260 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
1263 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
1267 ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list]
1269 function-list. This list is a comma separated list of
1283 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
1291 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
1324 gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_ranges
1329 [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate
1335 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
1338 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
1345 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
1362 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
1373 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
1374 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
1375 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
1378 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
1387 by the CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HUNG_TASK_PANIC build-time
1393 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
1411 (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition
1413 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
1427 suspend-to-ram transitions, only during s2r
1452 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
1460 -1 -- never invert brightness
1461 0 -- machine default
1462 1 -- force brightness inversion
1467 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1473 ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1485 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1496 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
1513 legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported
1515 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported
1524 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and
1525 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on
1534 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
1587 verification failure also on privileged mounted
1599 Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" }
1600 Default: "ima-ng"
1632 initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of
1633 initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in
1650 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default)
1651 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages.
1666 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
1668 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
1669 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
1688 could harm performance of some high-throughput
1697 1 to 9 specify maximum depth of C-state.
1707 used along with the hardware-managed P-states (HWP)
1711 in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver
1712 instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such
1714 P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore
1717 or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq.
1730 Allow per-logical-CPU P-State performance control limits using
1733 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
1738 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
1763 0 - Use IOMMU translation for DMA.
1764 1 - Bypass the IOMMU for DMA.
1765 unset - Use IOMMU translation for DMA.
1817 [Deprecated - use cpusets instead]
1818 Format: [flag-list,]<cpu-list>
1849 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1851 The format of <cpu-list> is described above.
1858 Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1860 example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to
1865 Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1867 example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to
1872 Provide an override to the ACPI-HID:UID<->DEVICE-ID
1874 example, to map UART-HID:UID AMD0020:0 to
1894 kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
1897 the kernel for non-movable allocations. The requested
1907 subsystem. Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem
1915 for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used
1926 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1927 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1932 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1944 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1947 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1988 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1991 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1993 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
1995 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group0_trap=
1996 [KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 group-0
1999 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group1_trap=
2000 [KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 group-1
2003 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_common_trap=
2007 kvm-arm.vgic_v4_enable=
2011 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
2015 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
2019 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
2023 kvm-intel.nested=
2027 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
2032 kvm-intel.vmentry_l1d_flush=[KVM,Intel] Mitigation for L1 Terminal Fault
2033 CVE-2018-3620.
2044 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
2111 For details see: Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/l1tf.rst
2117 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
2121 value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default
2155 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
2169 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
2181 hot-unplug link recovery
2210 Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads.
2215 Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads.
2218 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
2221 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
2222 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
2225 Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling
2226 tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle
2231 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
2264 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
2274 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
2292 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
2298 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
2313 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
2319 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
2334 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
2337 devices can be requested on-demand with the
2338 /dev/loop-control interface.
2340 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
2342 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
2345 See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst.
2352 Control mitigation for the Micro-architectural Data
2367 full - Enable MDS mitigation on vulnerable CPUs
2368 full,nosmt - Enable MDS mitigation and disable
2370 off - Unconditionally disable MDS mitigation
2372 On TAA-affected machines, mds=off can be prevented by
2381 For details see: Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst
2391 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
2396 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
2404 See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt.
2429 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
2443 memmap=<size>%<offset>-<oldtype>+<newtype>
2445 from <oldtype> to <newtype>. If "-<oldtype>" is left
2460 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
2485 mem_encrypt= [X86-64] AMD Secure Memory Encryption (SME) control
2493 Refer to Documentation/x86/amd-memory-encryption.txt
2497 s2idle - Suspend-To-Idle
2498 shallow - Power-On Suspend or equivalent (if supported)
2499 deep - Suspend-To-RAM or equivalent (if supported)
2500 See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst.
2503 See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/meye.rst.
2505 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
2506 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
2509 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
2523 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
2524 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
2525 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
2529 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
2533 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
2534 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
2538 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
2543 arch-independent options, each of which is an
2544 aggregation of existing arch-specific options.
2558 ssbd=force-off [ARM64]
2576 have other ways of avoiding SMT-based attacks.
2601 module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load a comma-separated list of
2615 movablecore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
2626 movable_node [KNL] Boot-time switch to make hotplugable memory
2633 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
2636 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
2645 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
2649 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
2651 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
2658 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
2686 something different and driver-specific.
2699 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
2727 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
2728 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
2730 of returning the full 64-bit number.
2731 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
2761 [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident-
2792 driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval
2809 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off
2810 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on
2826 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
2830 no5lvl [X86-64] Disable 5-level paging mode. Forces
2831 kernel to use 4-level paging instead.
2849 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
2869 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
2875 no_entry_flush [PPC] Don't flush the L1-D cache when entering the kernel.
2877 noexec [IA-64]
2880 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
2881 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
2882 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
2892 noexec32 [X86-64]
2893 This affects only 32-bit executables.
2894 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
2896 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
2901 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
2903 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
2927 [PPC] Don't flush the L1-D cache after accessing user data.
2931 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
2956 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
2958 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
2959 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
2961 real-time systems.
2981 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
2992 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
2994 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
2996 nointroute [IA-64]
3000 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
3002 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
3004 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
3007 no-vmw-sched-clock
3011 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
3015 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
3017 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
3022 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
3024 nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception
3026 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
3038 nopcid [X86-64] Disable the PCID cpu feature.
3043 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
3054 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
3055 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
3058 nosbagart [IA-64]
3060 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
3065 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
3070 soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup).
3074 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
3099 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
3108 n. So during boot up some boot time memory for per-cpu
3109 variables need be pre-allocated for later physical cpu
3123 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
3158 page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option.
3164 page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of
3180 Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping
3254 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
3256 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
3257 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
3263 data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit).
3265 Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for
3266 the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets
3268 through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF).
3275 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
3283 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
3288 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
3295 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
3319 F0000h-100000h range.
3324 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
3352 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
3355 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
3357 tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
3367 configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
3370 that hot-added devices will work.
3385 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
3392 end-to-end CRC checking).
3414 noats [PCIE, Intel-IOMMU, AMD-IOMMU]
3461 Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on,
3487 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
3488 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
3492 See also Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst.
3500 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
3509 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
3547 print-fatal-signals=
3553 coredump - etc.
3556 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
3568 on - unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace
3569 off - logging to /dev/kmsg disabled
3570 ratelimit - ratelimit the logging
3577 Limit processor to maximum C-state
3581 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
3588 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
3589 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
3591 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
3592 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
3622 on - unconditionally enable
3623 off - unconditionally disable
3624 auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is
3633 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
3641 See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst.
3652 ras=option[,option,...] [KNL] RAS-specific options
3662 the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
3665 that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p"
3666 for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N"
3669 real-time workloads. It can also improve energy
3677 This improves the real-time response for the
3694 RCU grace-period cleanup.
3698 RCU grace-period initialization.
3702 RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is,
3703 the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up
3710 cache-to-cache transfer latencies.
3716 and for NUMA systems with large remote-access
3723 soliciting quiescent-state help from
3727 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
3738 Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU
3741 and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh,
3743 set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1
3744 (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when
3745 RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and
3746 the default is zero (non-realtime operation).
3752 on the per-CPU grace-period kthreads, but increases
3761 batch limiting is re-enabled.
3774 Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra
3776 it should at force-quiescent-state time.
3782 grace-period primitives such as call_rcu().
3793 grace-period primitives.
3796 Set test-start holdoff period. The purpose of
3802 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
3804 "n" less than -1 selects N-n+1, where N is again
3805 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
3806 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
3807 A value of "n" less than or equal to -N selects
3820 complete. This is useful for hands-off automated
3827 Write-side holdoff between grace periods,
3833 callback-flood tests.
3837 bursts of callbacks within a given callback-flood
3842 callback-flood test. Set this to zero to
3843 disable callback-flood testing.
3847 in a given burst of a callback-flood test.
3862 Use conditional/asynchronous update-side
3866 Use expedited update-side primitives, if available.
3869 Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous
3870 update-side primitives, if available.
3873 Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous
3874 update-side primitives, if available. If all
3878 they are all non-zero.
3889 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
3890 N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
3891 "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again
3892 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
3893 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
3896 Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
3899 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
3902 Set time (jiffies) between CPU-hotplug operations,
3903 or zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
3906 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
3907 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
3912 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
3945 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
3961 Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
3965 real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
3969 Use only normal grace-period primitives,
3972 real-time latency, CPU utilization, and
3974 increased grace-period latency. This parameter
3981 only normal grace-period primitives. No effect
4004 force - Override the decision by the kernel to hide the
4031 See Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpusets.txt.
4039 reservetop= [X86-32]
4061 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
4077 during restoration read-only).
4100 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
4103 on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default).
4104 off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging.
4109 debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb
4131 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
4158 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
4159 1 -- enable.
4172 0 -- disable.
4173 1 -- enable.
4181 0 -- disable.
4182 1 -- enable.
4185 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
4190 simeth= [IA-64]
4224 memory cgroup sub-caches. 1 to enable, 0 to disable.
4257 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
4258 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
4259 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
4260 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
4261 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
4262 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
4263 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
4273 Default: -1 (no limit)
4276 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
4279 A nonzero value instructs the soft-lockup detector
4280 to panic the machine when a soft-lockup occurs. This
4282 which is the respective build-time switch to that
4286 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate
4298 on - unconditionally enable, implies
4300 off - unconditionally disable, implies
4302 auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is
4319 retpoline - replace indirect branches
4320 retpoline,generic - google's original retpoline
4321 retpoline,amd - AMD-specific minimal thunk
4331 on - Unconditionally enable mitigations. Is
4334 off - Unconditionally disable mitigations. Is
4337 prctl - Indirect branch speculation is enabled,
4343 - Like "prctl" above, but only STIBP is
4349 - Same as "prctl" above, but all seccomp
4354 - Like "seccomp" above, but only STIBP is
4359 auto - Kernel selects the mitigation depending on
4391 on - Unconditionally disable Speculative Store Bypass
4392 off - Unconditionally enable Speculative Store Bypass
4393 auto - Kernel detects whether the CPU model contains an
4399 prctl - Control Speculative Store Bypass per thread
4403 seccomp - Same as "prctl" above, but all seccomp threads
4411 on,auto - On Power8 and Power9 insert a store-forwarding
4415 off - No action.
4429 Certain CPUs are vulnerable to an MDS-like
4447 grace-period sequence counter wrap for the
4448 srcu_data structure's ->srcu_gp_seq_needed field.
4470 force-on: Unconditionally enable mitigation for
4472 force-off: Unconditionally disable mitigation for
4489 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
4491 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
4499 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
4501 as the initial boot-console.
4542 to global on non-NUMA machines)
4563 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt)
4565 swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86]
4567 <int> -- Number of I/O TLB slabs
4568 force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they
4570 noforce -- Never use bounce buffers (for debugging)
4585 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
4593 cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
4599 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
4604 wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
4610 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
4614 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
4625 -1: disable all passive trip points
4631 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
4639 Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in.
4687 trace_event=[event-list]
4689 to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a
4693 trace_options=[option-list]
4695 The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
4745 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/transhuge.rst
4753 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
4769 on - Enable TSX on the system. Although there are
4772 several previous speculation-related CVEs, and
4776 off - Disable TSX on the system. (Note that this
4784 auto - Disable TSX if X86_BUG_TAA is present,
4789 See Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst
4795 Similar to Micro-architectural Data Sampling (MDS)
4810 full - Enable TAA mitigation on vulnerable CPUs
4813 full,nosmt - Enable TAA mitigation and disable SMT on
4816 vulnerable to cross-thread TAA attacks.
4817 off - Unconditionally disable TAA mitigation
4819 On MDS-affected machines, tsx_async_abort=off can be
4831 Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst
4837 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
4839 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
4845 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
4847 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
4849 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
4860 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
4865 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
4893 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
4900 [USB] A list of quirk entries to augment the built-in
4903 VendorID:ProductID:Flags. The IDs are 4-digit hex
4905 will change the built-in quirk; setting it if it is
4910 a 255-byte read);
4914 Set-Interface requests);
4933 (bInterval-1).
4968 usb-storage.delay_use=
4972 usb-storage.quirks=
4974 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
4977 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
4979 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
5020 medium is write-protected).
5029 1 - undefined instruction events
5030 2 - system calls
5031 4 - invalid data aborts
5032 8 - SIGSEGV faults
5033 16 - SIGBUS faults
5049 vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO
5050 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO
5051 vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO
5061 dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed!
5063 vector= [IA-64,SMP]
5094 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
5120 vsyscall= [X86-64]
5123 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
5142 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
5147 This is a 16-member array composed of values
5148 ranging from 0-255.
5153 This is a 16-member array composed of values
5154 ranging from 0-255.
5159 This is a 16-member array composed of values
5160 ranging from 0-255.
5165 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
5166 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
5171 Format=<-1|0|1>
5172 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
5173 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
5178 vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15.
5181 vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15.
5185 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
5186 or other driver-specific files in the
5204 that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for
5208 Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because
5210 locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to
5213 Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which
5228 forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out
5233 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
5237 x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
5243 xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN]
5253 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
5254 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
5255 nics -- unplug network devices
5256 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
5257 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
5260 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
5292 xhci-hcd.quirks [USB,KNL]