174 		 * upper file handle could become stale when upper file is  in ovl_decode_real_fh()
450 			    is_upper ? "upper" : "origin", real,  in ovl_verify_set_fh()
455 /* Get upper dentry from index */
459 	struct dentry *upper;  in ovl_index_upper()  local
468 	upper = ovl_decode_real_fh(fh, ofs->upper_mnt, true);  in ovl_index_upper()
471 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(upper))  in ovl_index_upper()
472 		return upper ?: ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);  in ovl_index_upper()
474 	if (!d_is_dir(upper)) {  in ovl_index_upper()
475 		pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: invalid index upper (%pd2, upper=%pd2).\n",  in ovl_index_upper()
476 				    index, upper);  in ovl_index_upper()
477 		dput(upper);  in ovl_index_upper()
481 	return upper;  in ovl_index_upper()
501 	struct dentry *upper = NULL;  in ovl_verify_index()  local
546 	 * Directory index entries should have 'upper' xattr pointing to the  in ovl_verify_index()
547 	 * real upper dir. Non-dir index entries are hardlinks to the upper  in ovl_verify_index()
550 	 * decode the upper directory.  in ovl_verify_index()
552 	upper = ovl_index_upper(ofs, index);  in ovl_verify_index()
553 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(upper)) {  in ovl_verify_index()
554 		err = PTR_ERR(upper);  in ovl_verify_index()
556 		 * Directory index entries with no 'upper' xattr need to be  in ovl_verify_index()
557 		 * removed. When dir index entry has a stale 'upper' xattr,  in ovl_verify_index()
558 		 * we assume that upper dir was removed and we treat the dir  in ovl_verify_index()
568 	err = ovl_verify_fh(upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, fh);  in ovl_verify_index()
569 	dput(upper);  in ovl_verify_index()
626  * to an inode different than the upper inode, then either the upper inode
678 struct dentry *ovl_lookup_index(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *upper,  in ovl_lookup_index()  argument
732 		if (!upper) {  in ovl_lookup_index()
738 		/* Verify that dir index 'upper' xattr points to upper dir */  in ovl_lookup_index()
739 		err = ovl_verify_upper(index, upper, false);  in ovl_lookup_index()
742 …pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: suspected multiply redirected dir found (upper=%pd2, origin=%pd2, …  in ovl_lookup_index()
743 						    upper, origin, index);  in ovl_lookup_index()
747 	} else if (upper && d_inode(upper) != inode) {  in ovl_lookup_index()
789 			  struct dentry *upper)  in ovl_fix_origin()  argument
793 	if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(upper))  in ovl_fix_origin()
800 	err = ovl_set_origin(dentry, lower, upper);  in ovl_fix_origin()
802 		err = ovl_set_impure(dentry->d_parent, upper->d_parent);  in ovl_fix_origin()
911 		 * If no origin fh is stored in upper of a merge dir, store fh  in ovl_lookup()
912 		 * of lower dir and set upper parent "impure".  in ovl_lookup()
962 		 * This is only a problem if the upper layer is untrusted (e.g  in ovl_lookup()
1013 	 * Lookup index by lower inode and verify it matches upper inode.  in ovl_lookup()
1018 	 * For non-dir upper metacopy dentry, we already set "origin" if we  in ovl_lookup()
1019 	 * verified that lower matched upper origin. If upper origin was  in ovl_lookup()
1022 	 * index. This case should be handled in same way as a non-dir upper  in ovl_lookup()
1025 	 * Always lookup index of non-dir non-metacopy and non-upper.  in ovl_lookup()
1127 	/* Negative upper -> positive lower */  in ovl_lower_positive()
1132 	/* Positive upper -> have to look up lower to see whether it exists */  in ovl_lower_positive()