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352 * po/POTFILES.in::              @file{POTFILES.in} in @file{po/}
353 * po/LINGUAS:: @file{LINGUAS} in @file{po/}
354 * po/Makevars:: @file{Makevars} in @file{po/}
355 * po/Rules-*:: Extending @file{Makefile} in @file{po/}
370 * AM_PO_SUBDIRS:: AM_PO_SUBDIRS in @file{po.m4}
371 * AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION:: AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION in @file{po.m4}
879 @cindex files, @file{.po} and @file{.mo}
880 The letters PO in @file{.po} files means Portable Object, to
937 │ ├────> msgmerge ──────> LANG.po ────>────────╯ │
941 │ ├─── New LANG.po <────────────────────╯
963 | +----> msgmerge ------> LANG.po ---->--------' |
967 | +--- New LANG.po <--------------------'
1040 The first time through, there is no @file{@var{lang}.po} yet, so the
1042 @file{@var{package}.pot} to @file{@var{lang}.po}, where @var{lang}
1054 While adding the translated messages into the @file{@var{lang}.po}
1086 evolving over time, so the translations carried by @file{@var{lang}.po}
1099 existing @file{@var{lang}.po} file, by comparing it with a newer
1104 obsolete, in @file{@var{lang}.po}, those already translated entries
1112 @file{@var{lang}.po} file offering translations for all strings.
1440 contains some @file{@var{ll}.po} files; often they are kept together in a
1441 directory called @file{po/}. Each @file{@var{ll}.po} file contains the
1447 @cindex file format, @file{.po}
1541 this @code{fuzzy} attribute. The @code{msgmerge} program inserts this
1780 #: src/msgcmp.c:338 src/po-lex.c:699
2399 in @ref{po/Makevars} and @ref{AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION}.
2464 candidate for translation (@code{po-tags-search}).
2468 Mark the last string found with @samp{_()} (@code{po-mark-translatable}).
2474 keywords (@code{po-select-mark-and-mark}).
2478 @efindex po-tags-search@r{, PO Mode command}
2479 The @kbd{,} (@code{po-tags-search}) command searches for the next
2520 @efindex po-mark-translatable@r{, PO Mode command}
2521 @efindex po-select-mark-and-mark@r{, PO Mode command}
2522 The @kbd{M-,} (@code{po-mark-translatable}) command will mark the
2524 (@code{po-select-mark-and-mark}) command will request that you type
2618 useful for @code{msgfmt} to test all the strings in the @file{.po} file.
2624 only a heuristic. In the @file{.po} file the entry is marked using the
2653 would prevent translating the @file{.po} file. The method to prevent
3008 @code{xgettext} creates a file named @file{@var{domainname}.po}. You
3031 @file{@var{LANG}.po}, as a copy of the @file{@var{package}.pot} template
3040 $ cd po
3046 @file{@var{LANG}.po}. Then she modifies the initial comments and
3070 type @kbd{M-x po-mode RET} and then @kbd{RET} again to start editing the
3370 (cons '("\\.po\\'\\|\\.po\\." . po-mode) auto-mode-alist))
3371 (autoload 'po-mode "po-mode" "Major mode for translators to edit PO files" t)
3374 Later, whenever you edit some @file{.po}
3375 file, or any file having the string @samp{.po.} within its name,
3376 Emacs loads @file{po-mode.elc} (or @file{po-mode.el}) as needed, and
3390 (modify-coding-system-alist 'file "\\.po\\'\\|\\.po\\."
3391 'po-find-file-coding-system)
3392 (autoload 'po-find-file-coding-system "po-mode")
3408 po-mode-map, which is a genuine Emacs mode, in a way that is not derived
3409 from text mode in any way. Functions found on @code{po-mode-hook},
3431 Undo last modification to the PO file (@code{po-undo}).
3435 Quit processing and save the PO file (@code{po-quit}).
3439 Quit processing, possibly after confirmation (@code{po-confirm-and-quit}).
3443 Temporary leave the PO file window (@code{po-other-window}).
3449 Show help about PO mode (@code{po-help}).
3453 Give some PO file statistics (@code{po-statistics}).
3457 Batch validate the format of the whole PO file (@code{po-validate}).
3462 @efindex po-undo@r{, PO Mode command}
3463 The command @kbd{_} (@code{po-undo}) interfaces to the Emacs
3475 @efindex po-quit@r{, PO Mode command}
3476 @efindex po-confirm-and-quit@r{, PO Mode command}
3477 The commands @kbd{Q} (@code{po-quit}) and @kbd{q}
3478 (@code{po-confirm-and-quit}) are used when the translator is done with the
3488 @efindex po-other-window@r{, PO Mode command}
3489 The command @kbd{0} (@code{po-other-window}) is another, softer way,
3502 @efindex po-help@r{, PO Mode command}
3503 The command @kbd{h} (@code{po-help}) displays a summary of all available PO
3509 @efindex po-statistics@r{, PO Mode command}
3510 The command @kbd{=} (@code{po-statistics}) computes the total number of
3516 @efindex po-validate@r{, PO Mode command}
3517 The command @kbd{V} (@code{po-validate}) launches @code{msgfmt} in
3557 Redisplay the current entry (@code{po-current-entry}).
3561 Select the entry after the current one (@code{po-next-entry}).
3565 Select the entry before the current one (@code{po-previous-entry}).
3569 Select the first entry in the PO file (@code{po-first-entry}).
3573 Select the last entry in the PO file (@code{po-last-entry}).
3578 (@code{po-push-location}).
3582 Return to a previously saved entry location (@code{po-pop-location}).
3587 (@code{po-exchange-location}).
3592 @efindex po-current-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3599 (@code{po-current-entry}) has the sole purpose of redisplaying the
3618 @efindex po-next-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3620 @efindex po-previous-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3621 The commands @kbd{n} (@code{po-next-entry}) and @kbd{p}
3622 (@code{po-previous-entry}) move the cursor the entry following,
3628 @efindex po-first-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3630 @efindex po-last-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3631 The commands @kbd{<} (@code{po-first-entry}) and @kbd{>}
3632 (@code{po-last-entry}) move the cursor to the first entry, or last
3650 @efindex po-push-location@r{, PO Mode command}
3652 @efindex po-pop-location@r{, PO Mode command}
3654 onto a special stack. The command @kbd{m} (@code{po-push-location})
3657 @kbd{r} (@code{po-pop-location}) consumes the top stack element and
3669 @efindex po-exchange-location@r{, PO Mode command}
3670 The command @kbd{x} (@code{po-exchange-location}) simultaneously
3709 @item M-x po-normalize
3710 @efindex po-normalize@r{, PO Mode command}
3715 The special command @kbd{M-x po-normalize}, which has no associated
3724 @kbd{M-x po-normalize} presently makes three passes over the entries.
3803 Find the next translated entry (@code{po-next-translated-entry}).
3807 Find the previous translated entry (@code{po-previous-translated-entry}).
3812 @efindex po-next-translated-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3814 @efindex po-previous-translated-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3815 The commands @kbd{t} (@code{po-next-translated-entry}) and @kbd{T}
3816 (@code{po-previous-translated-entry}) move forwards or backwards, chasing
3820 @evindex po-auto-fuzzy-on-edit@r{, PO Mode variable}
3823 variable @code{po-auto-fuzzy-on-edit} is not @code{nil}, the entry having
3833 @cindex attribute, fuzzy
3837 has the name @code{fuzzy}, and entries having this attribute are said
3862 Find the next fuzzy entry (@code{po-next-fuzzy-entry}).
3866 Find the previous fuzzy entry (@code{po-previous-fuzzy-entry}).
3870 Remove the fuzzy attribute of the current entry (@code{po-unfuzzy}).
3875 @efindex po-next-fuzzy-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3877 @efindex po-previous-fuzzy-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3878 The commands @kbd{f} (@code{po-next-fuzzy-entry}) and @kbd{F}
3879 (@code{po-previous-fuzzy-entry}) move forwards or backwards, chasing for
3884 @efindex po-unfuzzy@r{, PO Mode command}
3885 @evindex po-auto-select-on-unfuzzy@r{, PO Mode variable}
3886 The command @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{po-unfuzzy}) removes the fuzzy
3887 attribute associated with an entry, usually leaving it translated.
3888 Further, if the variable @code{po-auto-select-on-unfuzzy} has not
3891 @code{po-auto-select-on-unfuzzy} is @code{nil}.
3893 The initial value of @code{po-auto-fuzzy-on-edit} is @code{nil}. However,
3894 if the variable @code{po-auto-fuzzy-on-edit} is set to @code{t}, any entry
3899 @kbd{@key{TAB}} to pick another entry to work on, clearing the fuzzy attribute
3904 @efindex po-fade-out-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3906 (@code{po-fade-out-entry}) over any translated entry to mark it as being
3940 Find the next untranslated entry (@code{po-next-untranslated-entry}).
3944 Find the previous untranslated entry (@code{po-previous-untransted-entry}).
3948 Turn the current entry into an untranslated one (@code{po-kill-msgstr}).
3953 @efindex po-next-untranslated-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3955 @efindex po-previous-untransted-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
3956 The commands @kbd{u} (@code{po-next-untranslated-entry}) and @kbd{U}
3957 (@code{po-previous-untransted-entry}) move forwards or backwards,
3962 @efindex po-kill-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
3965 (@code{po-kill-msgstr}). @xref{Modifying Translations}.
3998 Find the next obsolete entry (@code{po-next-obsolete-entry}).
4002 Find the previous obsolete entry (@code{po-previous-obsolete-entry}).
4007 (@code{po-fade-out-entry}).
4012 @efindex po-next-obsolete-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
4014 @efindex po-previous-obsolete-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
4015 The commands @kbd{o} (@code{po-next-obsolete-entry}) and @kbd{O}
4016 (@code{po-previous-obsolete-entry}) move forwards or backwards,
4027 @efindex po-fade-out-entry@r{, PO Mode command}
4033 The command @kbd{@key{DEL}} (@code{po-fade-out-entry}) pushes the current entry
4075 Interactively edit the translation (@code{po-edit-msgstr}).
4082 (@code{po-msgid-to-msgstr}).
4086 Save the translation on the kill ring, and delete it (@code{po-kill-msgstr}).
4091 (@code{po-kill-ring-save-msgstr}).
4096 (@code{po-yank-msgstr}).
4101 @efindex po-edit-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
4102 The command @kbd{@key{RET}} (@code{po-edit-msgstr}) opens a new Emacs
4114 @efindex po-msgid-to-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
4115 The command @kbd{@key{LFD}} (@code{po-msgid-to-msgstr}) initializes, or
4120 @evindex po-auto-edit-with-msgid@r{, PO Mode variable}
4123 @code{po-auto-edit-with-msgid} to @code{t}, the translation gets
4125 The default value for @code{po-auto-edit-with-msgid} is @code{nil}.
4141 @efindex po-kill-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
4143 @efindex po-kill-ring-save-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
4144 The command @kbd{k} (@code{po-kill-msgstr}) merely empties the
4148 (@code{po-kill-ring-save-msgstr}) has also the effect of taking a
4170 @efindex po-yank-msgstr@r{, PO Mode command}
4171 The command @kbd{y} (@code{po-yank-msgstr}) completely replaces the
4238 is free to create, delete, or modify at will. These comments may
4255 Interactively edit the translator comments (@code{po-edit-comment}).
4259 Save the translator comments on the kill ring, and delete it
4260 (@code{po-kill-comment}).
4265 (@code{po-kill-ring-save-comment}).
4270 (@code{po-yank-comment}).
4282 @efindex po-edit-comment@r{, PO Mode command}
4283 The command @kbd{#} (@code{po-edit-comment}) opens a new Emacs window
4294 @evindex po-subedit-mode-hook@r{, PO Mode variable}
4295 Functions found on @code{po-subedit-mode-hook}, if any, are executed after
4299 @efindex po-kill-comment@r{, PO Mode command}
4301 @efindex po-kill-ring-save-comment@r{, PO Mode command}
4303 @efindex po-yank-comment@r{, PO Mode command}
4304 The command @kbd{K} (@code{po-kill-comment}) gets rid of all
4306 The command @kbd{W} (@code{po-kill-ring-save-comment}) takes
4309 (@code{po-yank-comment}) completely replaces the translator comments
4346 Complete edition (@code{po-subedit-exit}).
4350 Abort edition (@code{po-subedit-abort}).
4354 Consult auxiliary PO files (@code{po-subedit-cycle-auxiliary}).
4360 @efindex po-subedit-exit@r{, PO Mode command}
4364 (@code{po-subedit-exit}) may be used to return the edited translation into
4369 @efindex po-subedit-abort@r{, PO Mode command}
4373 (@code{po-subedit-abort}) to merely get rid of edition, while preserving
4379 @efindex po-subedit-cycle-auxiliary@r{, PO Mode command}
4380 The command @w{@kbd{C-c C-a}} (@code{po-subedit-cycle-auxiliary})
4387 Functions found on @code{po-subedit-mode-hook}, if any, are executed after
4465 (@code{po-cycle-source-reference}).
4470 (@code{po-select-source-reference}).
4475 (@code{po-consider-source-path}).
4480 (@code{po-ignore-source-path}).
4485 @efindex po-cycle-source-reference@r{, PO Mode command}
4487 @efindex po-select-source-reference@r{, PO Mode command}
4488 The commands @kbd{s} (@code{po-cycle-source-reference}) and @kbd{M-s}
4489 (@code{po-select-source-reference}) both open another window displaying
4525 @efindex po-consider-source-path@r{, PO Mode command}
4527 @efindex po-ignore-source-path@r{, PO Mode command}
4537 The command @kbd{S} (@code{po-consider-source-path}) is used to interactively
4539 @kbd{M-S} (@code{po-ignore-source-path}) is used to select, with completion,
4566 (@code{po-cycle-auxiliary}).
4570 Switch to a particular auxiliary file (@code{po-select-auxiliary}).
4574 Declare this PO file as an auxiliary file (@code{po-consider-as-auxiliary}).
4579 (@code{po-ignore-as-auxiliary}).
4584 @efindex po-consider-as-auxiliary@r{, PO Mode command}
4586 @efindex po-ignore-as-auxiliary@r{, PO Mode command}
4587 Command @kbd{A} (@code{po-consider-as-auxiliary}) adds the current
4589 (@code{po-ignore-as-auxiliary} just removes it.
4592 @efindex po-cycle-auxiliary@r{, PO Mode command}
4593 The command @kbd{a} (@code{po-cycle-auxiliary}) seeks all auxiliary PO
4603 @efindex po-select-auxiliary@r{, PO Mode command}
4604 The command @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{po-select-auxiliary}) asks the translator
4660 msgcat -o compendium.po file1.po file2.po
4666 @file{file1.po}:
4676 and @file{file2.po}:
4693 "#-#-#-#-# file1.po #-#-#-#-#\n"
4695 "#-#-#-#-# file2.po #-#-#-#-#\n"
4702 (or provide a new translation), to delete the ``marker lines'', and
4710 msgcat --use-first -o compendium.po file1.po file2.po
4727 msggrep --location src/getopt.c -o compendium.po file.po
4743 msgmerge --compendium compendium.po -o file.po /dev/null file.pot
4754 msgcat --use-first -o update.po compendium1.po compendium2.po file.po
4755 msgmerge update.po file.pot | msgattrib --no-obsolete > file.po
4951 Thus, a command like @samp{msgcat vi.po} will produce colorized output
4953 @samp{msgcat vi.po | less -R}, it will not produce colorized output. To
4955 @samp{msgcat --color vi.po | less -R}.
5018 The default style file is @file{$prefix/share/gettext/styles/po-default.css},
5023 @item po-vim.css
5026 @item po-emacs-x.css
5029 @item po-emacs-xterm.css
5030 @itemx po-emacs-xterm16.css
5031 @itemx po-emacs-xterm256.css
5215 The declarations in HTML mode are not limited; any graphical attribute
5252 msgcat --to-code=UTF-8 --color xyz.po | less -R
5258 less xyz.po
5286 *.po)
5331 The functions are declared in the header file @samp{<gettext-po.h>}, and are
5468 @samp{<gettext-po.h>}.
5479 @samp{<gettext-po.h>}.
5800 the inclusion of @samp{<gettext-po.h>}.
7164 the @file{po/} directory of GNU @code{gettext} knows by default both of the
8016 $ msguniq $HOME/gettextlogused > missing.po
8026 $ sed -n -e 's,^domain "\(.*\)"$,\1,p' < missing.po | sort | uniq
8039 She takes the latest copy of @file{$lang.po} from the Translation Project,
8040 or from the package (in most cases, @file{$package/po/$lang.po}), or
8048 $ msggrep --domain=$domain missing.po | grep -v '^domain' \
8049 > $domain-missing.po
8050 $ msgattrib --set-obsolete --ignore-file $domain-missing.po $domain.$lang.po \
8051 > $domain.$lang-urgent.po
8054 The she translates @file{$domain.$lang-urgent.po} by use of a PO file editor
8062 $ msgmerge --no-fuzzy-matching $domain.$lang-urgent.po $package/po/$domain.pot \
8063 > $domain.$lang.po
8066 Then she can submit @file{$domain.$lang.po} and proceed to the next domain.
8157 tool and the @file{Makefile} in the @file{po/} directory therefore
8181 Your @file{po/} directory should receive all PO files submitted to you
8182 by the translator teams, each having @file{@var{ll}.po} as a name.
8198 PO files in @file{po/} for distribution.
8243 * po/POTFILES.in:: @file{POTFILES.in} in @file{po/}
8244 * po/LINGUAS:: @file{LINGUAS} in @file{po/}
8245 * po/Makevars:: @file{Makevars} in @file{po/}
8246 * po/Rules-*:: Extending @file{Makefile} in @file{po/}
8257 @node po/POTFILES.in
8258 @subsection @file{POTFILES.in} in @file{po/}
8261 The @file{po/} directory should receive a file named
8292 it is recommended to list in @file{po/POTFILES.in} the real source file
8296 @node po/LINGUAS
8297 @subsection @file{LINGUAS} in @file{po/}
8300 The @file{po/} directory should also receive a file named
8333 in the @file{po/} directory. You can copy them from GNU gettext's @file{po/}
8336 @node po/Makevars
8337 @subsection @file{Makevars} in @file{po/}
8340 The @file{po/} directory also has a file named @file{Makevars}. It
8341 contains variables that are specific to your project. @file{po/Makevars}
8342 gets inserted into the @file{po/Makefile} when the latter is created.
8347 single message domain and, accordingly, a single @file{po/} directory.
8348 Only packages which have multiple @file{po/} directories at different
8356 @node po/Rules-*
8357 @subsection Extending @file{Makefile} in @file{po/}
8360 All files called @file{Rules-*} in the @file{po/} directory get appended to
8361 the @file{po/Makefile} when it is created. They present an opportunity to
8363 with @file{po/Makefile.in.in}.
8368 building catalogs @file{en@@quot.po} and @file{en@@boldquot.po}. The
8369 effect of @file{en@@quot.po} is that people who set their @code{LANGUAGE}
8373 enable this catalog, simply add @code{en@@quot} to the @file{po/LINGUAS}
8374 file. The effect of @file{en@@boldquot.po} is that people who set
8379 @file{po/LINGUAS} file.
8439 AC_OUTPUT([@var{existing configuration files} po/Makefile.in],
8444 for substitution in the @file{po/} directory.
8445 Note the @samp{.in} suffix used for @file{po/} only. This is because
8446 the distributed file is really @file{po/Makefile.in.in}.
8496 @file{po.m4}, @file{progtest.m4} from GNU @code{gettext}'s @file{m4/}
8511 @file{lib-prefix.m4}, @file{nls.m4}, @file{po.m4}, @file{progtest.m4} from
8579 you also process the subdirectory @samp{po}. Special
8593 SUBDIRS = doc lib src po
8597 A delicate point is the @samp{dist:} goal, as @file{po/Makefile} will later
8849 * AM_PO_SUBDIRS:: AM_PO_SUBDIRS in @file{po.m4}
8850 * AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION:: AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION in @file{po.m4}
8861 @code{AM_PO_SUBDIRS}, thus preparing the @file{po/} directories of the
8968 @subsection AM_PO_SUBDIRS in @file{po.m4}
8971 The @code{AM_PO_SUBDIRS} macro prepares the @file{po/} directories of the
8981 variables in each @file{po/} directory.
8984 @subsection AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION in @file{po.m4}
8988 used in the invocations of @code{xgettext} in the @file{po/} directories
9004 @samp{XGETTEXT_OPTIONS} variable in @file{po/Makevars}.
9118 from @code{@var{parser}.y}, or @code{po/Makefile.in.in} autoinstalled
9225 file and do @code{make update-po} manually.
9260 $ (cd po; make update-po)
9285 Internationalized packages have usually many @file{@var{ll}.po}
9420 your language to @file{po-mode.el}.
9823 variable in @file{po/Makevars} (@pxref{po/Makevars}) should be adjusted to
9827 in @file{po/Makefile.in.in}. It is recommended to make one @code{xgettext}
9977 @item po-mode marking
10019 @code{pot}, @code{po}
10122 A required @code{selector} attribute. It contains an absolute selector
10126 A required @code{contextPointer} attribute that contains a relative
10130 An optional @code{textPointer} attribute that contains a relative
10143 A required @code{selector} attribute. It contains an absolute selector
10147 A required @code{escape} attribute with the value @code{yes} or @code{no}.
10162 A required @code{selector} attribute. It contains an absolute selector
10166 A required @code{space} attribute with the value @code{default},
10199 <!-- If 'p' has an attribute 'translatable' with the value 'no', then
10220 The @code{locatingRule} element must have a @code{pattern} attribute,
10224 @code{pattern} attribute must not include a pattern matching @code{.in}.
10236 optional @code{name} attribute of @code{locatingRule} allows to choose
10239 The associated ITS rule file is indicated by the @code{target} attribute
10242 have the @code{target} attribute.
10318 @code{po}
10420 @code{xgettext} (usually by listing the template in @code{po/POTFILES.in}).