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1 /* GLIB - Library of useful routines for C programming
2  * Copyright (C) 1995-1998  Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald
3  *
4  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8  *
9  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
12  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
13  *
14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
15  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16  */
17 
18 /*
19  * Modified by the GLib Team and others 1997-2000.  See the AUTHORS
20  * file for a list of people on the GLib Team.  See the ChangeLog
21  * files for a list of changes.  These files are distributed with
22  * GLib at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/.
23  */
24 
25 #include "config.h"
26 
27 #include "ggettext.h"
28 #include "glibintl.h"
29 #include "glib-private.h"
30 
31 #include "galloca.h"
32 #include "gthread.h"
33 #include "gmem.h"
34 #ifdef G_OS_WIN32
35 #include "gwin32.h"
36 #include "gfileutils.h"
37 #include "gstrfuncs.h"
38 #include "glib-init.h"
39 #endif
40 
41 #include <string.h>
42 #include <locale.h>
43 #include <libintl.h>
44 
45 #ifdef G_OS_WIN32
46 
47 /**
48  * _glib_get_locale_dir:
49  *
50  * Return the path to the share\locale or lib\locale subfolder of the
51  * GLib installation folder. The path is in the system codepage. We
52  * have to use system codepage as bindtextdomain() doesn't have a
53  * UTF-8 interface.
54  */
55 gchar *
_glib_get_locale_dir(void)56 _glib_get_locale_dir (void)
57 {
58   gchar *install_dir = NULL, *locale_dir;
59   gchar *retval = NULL;
60 
61   if (glib_dll != NULL)
62     install_dir = g_win32_get_package_installation_directory_of_module (glib_dll);
63 
64   if (install_dir)
65     {
66       /*
67        * Append "/share/locale" or "/lib/locale" depending on whether
68        * autoconfigury detected GNU gettext or not.
69        */
70       const char *p = GLIB_LOCALE_DIR + strlen (GLIB_LOCALE_DIR);
71       while (*--p != '/')
72 	;
73       while (*--p != '/')
74 	;
75 
76       locale_dir = g_build_filename (install_dir, p, NULL);
77 
78       retval = g_win32_locale_filename_from_utf8 (locale_dir);
79 
80       g_free (install_dir);
81       g_free (locale_dir);
82     }
83 
84   if (retval)
85     return retval;
86   else
87     return g_strdup ("");
88 }
89 
90 #undef GLIB_LOCALE_DIR
91 
92 #endif /* G_OS_WIN32 */
93 
94 
95 static void
ensure_gettext_initialized(void)96 ensure_gettext_initialized (void)
97 {
98   static gsize initialised;
99 
100   if (g_once_init_enter (&initialised))
101     {
102 #ifdef G_OS_WIN32
103       gchar *tmp = _glib_get_locale_dir ();
104       bindtextdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, tmp);
105       g_free (tmp);
106 #else
107       bindtextdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, GLIB_LOCALE_DIR);
108 #endif
109 #    ifdef HAVE_BIND_TEXTDOMAIN_CODESET
110       bind_textdomain_codeset (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, "UTF-8");
111 #    endif
112       g_once_init_leave (&initialised, TRUE);
113     }
114 }
115 
116 /**
117  * glib_gettext:
118  * @str: The string to be translated
119  *
120  * Returns the translated string from the glib translations.
121  * This is an internal function and should only be used by
122  * the internals of glib (such as libgio).
123  *
124  * Returns: the translation of @str to the current locale
125  */
126 const gchar *
glib_gettext(const gchar * str)127 glib_gettext (const gchar *str)
128 {
129   ensure_gettext_initialized ();
130 
131   return g_dgettext (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, str);
132 }
133 
134 /**
135  * glib_pgettext:
136  * @msgctxtid: a combined message context and message id, separated
137  *   by a \004 character
138  * @msgidoffset: the offset of the message id in @msgctxid
139  *
140  * This function is a variant of glib_gettext() which supports
141  * a disambiguating message context. See g_dpgettext() for full
142  * details.
143  *
144  * This is an internal function and should only be used by
145  * the internals of glib (such as libgio).
146  *
147  * Returns: the translation of @str to the current locale
148  */
149 const gchar *
glib_pgettext(const gchar * msgctxtid,gsize msgidoffset)150 glib_pgettext (const gchar *msgctxtid,
151                gsize        msgidoffset)
152 {
153   ensure_gettext_initialized ();
154 
155   return g_dpgettext (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, msgctxtid, msgidoffset);
156 }
157 
158 /**
159  * g_strip_context:
160  * @msgid: a string
161  * @msgval: another string
162  *
163  * An auxiliary function for gettext() support (see Q_()).
164  *
165  * Returns: @msgval, unless @msgval is identical to @msgid
166  *     and contains a '|' character, in which case a pointer to
167  *     the substring of msgid after the first '|' character is returned.
168  *
169  * Since: 2.4
170  */
171 const gchar *
g_strip_context(const gchar * msgid,const gchar * msgval)172 g_strip_context (const gchar *msgid,
173                  const gchar *msgval)
174 {
175   if (msgval == msgid)
176     {
177       const char *c = strchr (msgid, '|');
178       if (c != NULL)
179         return c + 1;
180     }
181 
182   return msgval;
183 }
184 
185 /**
186  * g_dpgettext:
187  * @domain: (nullable): the translation domain to use, or %NULL to use
188  *   the domain set with textdomain()
189  * @msgctxtid: a combined message context and message id, separated
190  *   by a \004 character
191  * @msgidoffset: the offset of the message id in @msgctxid
192  *
193  * This function is a variant of g_dgettext() which supports
194  * a disambiguating message context. GNU gettext uses the
195  * '\004' character to separate the message context and
196  * message id in @msgctxtid.
197  * If 0 is passed as @msgidoffset, this function will fall back to
198  * trying to use the deprecated convention of using "|" as a separation
199  * character.
200  *
201  * This uses g_dgettext() internally. See that functions for differences
202  * with dgettext() proper.
203  *
204  * Applications should normally not use this function directly,
205  * but use the C_() macro for translations with context.
206  *
207  * Returns: The translated string
208  *
209  * Since: 2.16
210  */
211 const gchar *
g_dpgettext(const gchar * domain,const gchar * msgctxtid,gsize msgidoffset)212 g_dpgettext (const gchar *domain,
213              const gchar *msgctxtid,
214              gsize        msgidoffset)
215 {
216   const gchar *translation;
217   gchar *sep;
218 
219   translation = g_dgettext (domain, msgctxtid);
220 
221   if (translation == msgctxtid)
222     {
223       if (msgidoffset > 0)
224         return msgctxtid + msgidoffset;
225       sep = strchr (msgctxtid, '|');
226 
227       if (sep)
228         {
229           /* try with '\004' instead of '|', in case
230            * xgettext -kQ_:1g was used
231            */
232           gchar *tmp = g_alloca (strlen (msgctxtid) + 1);
233           strcpy (tmp, msgctxtid);
234           tmp[sep - msgctxtid] = '\004';
235 
236           translation = g_dgettext (domain, tmp);
237 
238           if (translation == tmp)
239             return sep + 1;
240         }
241     }
242 
243   return translation;
244 }
245 
246 /* This function is taken from gettext.h
247  * GNU gettext uses '\004' to separate context and msgid in .mo files.
248  */
249 /**
250  * g_dpgettext2:
251  * @domain: (nullable): the translation domain to use, or %NULL to use
252  *   the domain set with textdomain()
253  * @context: the message context
254  * @msgid: the message
255  *
256  * This function is a variant of g_dgettext() which supports
257  * a disambiguating message context. GNU gettext uses the
258  * '\004' character to separate the message context and
259  * message id in @msgctxtid.
260  *
261  * This uses g_dgettext() internally. See that functions for differences
262  * with dgettext() proper.
263  *
264  * This function differs from C_() in that it is not a macro and
265  * thus you may use non-string-literals as context and msgid arguments.
266  *
267  * Returns: The translated string
268  *
269  * Since: 2.18
270  */
271 const gchar *
g_dpgettext2(const gchar * domain,const gchar * msgctxt,const gchar * msgid)272 g_dpgettext2 (const gchar *domain,
273               const gchar *msgctxt,
274               const gchar *msgid)
275 {
276   size_t msgctxt_len = strlen (msgctxt) + 1;
277   size_t msgid_len = strlen (msgid) + 1;
278   const char *translation;
279   char* msg_ctxt_id;
280 
281   msg_ctxt_id = g_alloca (msgctxt_len + msgid_len);
282 
283   memcpy (msg_ctxt_id, msgctxt, msgctxt_len - 1);
284   msg_ctxt_id[msgctxt_len - 1] = '\004';
285   memcpy (msg_ctxt_id + msgctxt_len, msgid, msgid_len);
286 
287   translation = g_dgettext (domain, msg_ctxt_id);
288 
289   if (translation == msg_ctxt_id)
290     {
291       /* try the old way of doing message contexts, too */
292       msg_ctxt_id[msgctxt_len - 1] = '|';
293       translation = g_dgettext (domain, msg_ctxt_id);
294 
295       if (translation == msg_ctxt_id)
296         return msgid;
297     }
298 
299   return translation;
300 }
301 
302 static gboolean
_g_dgettext_should_translate(void)303 _g_dgettext_should_translate (void)
304 {
305   static gsize translate = 0;
306   enum {
307     SHOULD_TRANSLATE = 1,
308     SHOULD_NOT_TRANSLATE = 2
309   };
310 
311   if (G_UNLIKELY (g_once_init_enter (&translate)))
312     {
313       gboolean should_translate = TRUE;
314 
315       const char *default_domain     = textdomain (NULL);
316       const char *translator_comment = gettext ("");
317 #ifndef G_OS_WIN32
318       const char *translate_locale   = setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
319 #else
320       const char *translate_locale   = g_win32_getlocale ();
321 #endif
322       /* We should NOT translate only if all the following hold:
323        *   - user has called textdomain() and set textdomain to non-default
324        *   - default domain has no translations
325        *   - locale does not start with "en_" and is not "C"
326        *
327        * Rationale:
328        *   - If text domain is still the default domain, maybe user calls
329        *     it later. Continue with old behavior of translating.
330        *   - If locale starts with "en_", we can continue using the
331        *     translations even if the app doesn't have translations for
332        *     this locale.  That is, en_UK and en_CA for example.
333        *   - If locale is "C", maybe user calls setlocale(LC_ALL,"") later.
334        *     Continue with old behavior of translating.
335        */
336       if (!default_domain || !translator_comment || !translate_locale ||
337           (0 != strcmp (default_domain, "messages") &&
338           '\0' == *translator_comment &&
339           0 != strncmp (translate_locale, "en_", 3) &&
340           0 != strcmp (translate_locale, "C")))
341         should_translate = FALSE;
342 
343       g_once_init_leave (&translate,
344                          should_translate ?
345                          SHOULD_TRANSLATE :
346                          SHOULD_NOT_TRANSLATE);
347     }
348 
349   return translate == SHOULD_TRANSLATE;
350 }
351 
352 /**
353  * g_dgettext:
354  * @domain: (nullable): the translation domain to use, or %NULL to use
355  *   the domain set with textdomain()
356  * @msgid: message to translate
357  *
358  * This function is a wrapper of dgettext() which does not translate
359  * the message if the default domain as set with textdomain() has no
360  * translations for the current locale.
361  *
362  * The advantage of using this function over dgettext() proper is that
363  * libraries using this function (like GTK+) will not use translations
364  * if the application using the library does not have translations for
365  * the current locale.  This results in a consistent English-only
366  * interface instead of one having partial translations.  For this
367  * feature to work, the call to textdomain() and setlocale() should
368  * precede any g_dgettext() invocations.  For GTK+, it means calling
369  * textdomain() before gtk_init or its variants.
370  *
371  * This function disables translations if and only if upon its first
372  * call all the following conditions hold:
373  *
374  * - @domain is not %NULL
375  *
376  * - textdomain() has been called to set a default text domain
377  *
378  * - there is no translations available for the default text domain
379  *   and the current locale
380  *
381  * - current locale is not "C" or any English locales (those
382  *   starting with "en_")
383  *
384  * Note that this behavior may not be desired for example if an application
385  * has its untranslated messages in a language other than English. In those
386  * cases the application should call textdomain() after initializing GTK+.
387  *
388  * Applications should normally not use this function directly,
389  * but use the _() macro for translations.
390  *
391  * Returns: The translated string
392  *
393  * Since: 2.18
394  */
395 const gchar *
g_dgettext(const gchar * domain,const gchar * msgid)396 g_dgettext (const gchar *domain,
397             const gchar *msgid)
398 {
399   if (domain && G_UNLIKELY (!_g_dgettext_should_translate ()))
400     return msgid;
401 
402   return dgettext (domain, msgid);
403 }
404 
405 /**
406  * g_dcgettext:
407  * @domain: (nullable): the translation domain to use, or %NULL to use
408  *   the domain set with textdomain()
409  * @msgid: message to translate
410  * @category: a locale category
411  *
412  * This is a variant of g_dgettext() that allows specifying a locale
413  * category instead of always using `LC_MESSAGES`. See g_dgettext() for
414  * more information about how this functions differs from calling
415  * dcgettext() directly.
416  *
417  * Returns: the translated string for the given locale category
418  *
419  * Since: 2.26
420  */
421 const gchar *
g_dcgettext(const gchar * domain,const gchar * msgid,gint category)422 g_dcgettext (const gchar *domain,
423              const gchar *msgid,
424              gint         category)
425 {
426   if (domain && G_UNLIKELY (!_g_dgettext_should_translate ()))
427     return msgid;
428 
429   return dcgettext (domain, msgid, category);
430 }
431 
432 /**
433  * g_dngettext:
434  * @domain: (nullable): the translation domain to use, or %NULL to use
435  *   the domain set with textdomain()
436  * @msgid: message to translate
437  * @msgid_plural: plural form of the message
438  * @n: the quantity for which translation is needed
439  *
440  * This function is a wrapper of dngettext() which does not translate
441  * the message if the default domain as set with textdomain() has no
442  * translations for the current locale.
443  *
444  * See g_dgettext() for details of how this differs from dngettext()
445  * proper.
446  *
447  * Returns: The translated string
448  *
449  * Since: 2.18
450  */
451 const gchar *
g_dngettext(const gchar * domain,const gchar * msgid,const gchar * msgid_plural,gulong n)452 g_dngettext (const gchar *domain,
453              const gchar *msgid,
454              const gchar *msgid_plural,
455              gulong       n)
456 {
457   if (domain && G_UNLIKELY (!_g_dgettext_should_translate ()))
458     return n == 1 ? msgid : msgid_plural;
459 
460   return dngettext (domain, msgid, msgid_plural, n);
461 }
462 
463 
464 /**
465  * SECTION:i18n
466  * @title: Internationalization
467  * @short_description: gettext support macros
468  * @see_also: the gettext manual
469  *
470  * GLib doesn't force any particular localization method upon its users.
471  * But since GLib itself is localized using the gettext() mechanism, it seems
472  * natural to offer the de-facto standard gettext() support macros in an
473  * easy-to-use form.
474  *
475  * In order to use these macros in an application, you must include
476  * `<glib/gi18n.h>`. For use in a library, you must include
477  * `<glib/gi18n-lib.h>`
478  * after defining the %GETTEXT_PACKAGE macro suitably for your library:
479  * |[<!-- language="C" -->
480  * #define GETTEXT_PACKAGE "gtk20"
481  * #include <glib/gi18n-lib.h>
482  * ]|
483  * For an application, note that you also have to call bindtextdomain(),
484  * bind_textdomain_codeset(), textdomain() and setlocale() early on in your
485  * main() to make gettext() work. For example:
486  * |[<!-- language="C" -->
487  * #include <glib/gi18n.h>
488  * #include <locale.h>
489  *
490  * int
491  * main (int argc, char **argv)
492  * {
493  *   setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
494  *   bindtextdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, DATADIR "/locale");
495  *   bind_textdomain_codeset (GETTEXT_PACKAGE, "UTF-8");
496  *   textdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
497  *
498  *   // Rest of your application.
499  * }
500  * ]|
501  * where `DATADIR` is as typically provided by automake or Meson.
502  *
503  * For a library, you only have to call bindtextdomain() and
504  * bind_textdomain_codeset() in your initialization function. If your library
505  * doesn't have an initialization function, you can call the functions before
506  * the first translated message.
507  *
508  * The
509  * [gettext manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Maintainers)
510  * covers details of how to integrate gettext into a project’s build system and
511  * workflow.
512  */
513 
514 /**
515  * _:
516  * @String: the string to be translated
517  *
518  * Marks a string for translation, gets replaced with the translated string
519  * at runtime.
520  *
521  * Since: 2.4
522  */
523 
524 /**
525  * Q_:
526  * @String: the string to be translated, with a '|'-separated prefix
527  *     which must not be translated
528  *
529  * Like _(), but handles context in message ids. This has the advantage
530  * that the string can be adorned with a prefix to guarantee uniqueness
531  * and provide context to the translator.
532  *
533  * One use case given in the gettext manual is GUI translation, where one
534  * could e.g. disambiguate two "Open" menu entries as "File|Open" and
535  * "Printer|Open". Another use case is the string "Russian" which may
536  * have to be translated differently depending on whether it's the name
537  * of a character set or a language. This could be solved by using
538  * "charset|Russian" and "language|Russian".
539  *
540  * See the C_() macro for a different way to mark up translatable strings
541  * with context.
542  *
543  * If you are using the Q_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
544  * `--keyword=Q_` to xgettext when extracting messages.
545  * If you are using GNU gettext >= 0.15, you can also use
546  * `--keyword=Q_:1g` to let xgettext split the context
547  * string off into a msgctxt line in the po file.
548  *
549  * Returns: the translated message
550  *
551  * Since: 2.4
552  */
553 
554 /**
555  * C_:
556  * @Context: a message context, must be a string literal
557  * @String: a message id, must be a string literal
558  *
559  * Uses gettext to get the translation for @String. @Context is
560  * used as a context. This is mainly useful for short strings which
561  * may need different translations, depending on the context in which
562  * they are used.
563  * |[<!-- language="C" -->
564  * label1 = C_("Navigation", "Back");
565  * label2 = C_("Body part", "Back");
566  * ]|
567  *
568  * If you are using the C_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
569  * `--keyword=C_:1c,2` to xgettext when extracting messages.
570  * Note that this only works with GNU gettext >= 0.15.
571  *
572  * Returns: the translated message
573  *
574  * Since: 2.16
575  */
576 
577 /**
578  * N_:
579  * @String: the string to be translated
580  *
581  * Only marks a string for translation. This is useful in situations
582  * where the translated strings can't be directly used, e.g. in string
583  * array initializers. To get the translated string, call gettext()
584  * at runtime.
585  * |[<!-- language="C" -->
586  * {
587  *   static const char *messages[] = {
588  *     N_("some very meaningful message"),
589  *     N_("and another one")
590  *   };
591  *   const char *string;
592  *   ...
593  *   string
594  *     = index &gt; 1 ? _("a default message") : gettext (messages[index]);
595  *
596  *   fputs (string);
597  *   ...
598  * }
599  * ]|
600  *
601  * Since: 2.4
602  */
603 
604 /**
605  * NC_:
606  * @Context: a message context, must be a string literal
607  * @String: a message id, must be a string literal
608  *
609  * Only marks a string for translation, with context.
610  * This is useful in situations where the translated strings can't
611  * be directly used, e.g. in string array initializers. To get the
612  * translated string, you should call g_dpgettext2() at runtime.
613  *
614  * |[<!-- language="C" -->
615  * {
616  *   static const char *messages[] = {
617  *     NC_("some context", "some very meaningful message"),
618  *     NC_("some context", "and another one")
619  *   };
620  *   const char *string;
621  *   ...
622  *   string
623  *     = index > 1 ? g_dpgettext2 (NULL, "some context", "a default message")
624  *                 : g_dpgettext2 (NULL, "some context", messages[index]);
625  *
626  *   fputs (string);
627  *   ...
628  * }
629  * ]|
630  *
631  * If you are using the NC_() macro, you need to make sure that you pass
632  * `--keyword=NC_:1c,2` to xgettext when extracting messages.
633  * Note that this only works with GNU gettext >= 0.15. Intltool has support
634  * for the NC_() macro since version 0.40.1.
635  *
636  * Since: 2.18
637  */
638