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1FFmpeg multithreading methods
2==============================================
3
4FFmpeg provides two methods for multithreading codecs.
5
6Slice threading decodes multiple parts of a frame at the same time, using
7AVCodecContext execute() and execute2().
8
9Frame threading decodes multiple frames at the same time.
10It accepts N future frames and delays decoded pictures by N-1 frames.
11The later frames are decoded in separate threads while the user is
12displaying the current one.
13
14Restrictions on clients
15==============================================
16
17Slice threading -
18* The client's draw_horiz_band() must be thread-safe according to the comment
19  in avcodec.h.
20
21Frame threading -
22* Restrictions with slice threading also apply.
23* Custom get_buffer2() and get_format() callbacks must be thread-safe.
24* There is one frame of delay added for every thread beyond the first one.
25  Clients must be able to handle this; the pkt_dts and pkt_pts fields in
26  AVFrame will work as usual.
27
28Restrictions on codec implementations
29==============================================
30
31Slice threading -
32 None except that there must be something worth executing in parallel.
33
34Frame threading -
35* Codecs can only accept entire pictures per packet.
36* Codecs similar to ffv1, whose streams don't reset across frames,
37  will not work because their bitstreams cannot be decoded in parallel.
38
39* The contents of buffers must not be read before ff_thread_await_progress()
40  has been called on them. reget_buffer() and buffer age optimizations no longer work.
41* The contents of buffers must not be written to after ff_thread_report_progress()
42  has been called on them. This includes draw_edges().
43
44Porting codecs to frame threading
45==============================================
46
47Find all context variables that are needed by the next frame. Move all
48code changing them, as well as code calling get_buffer(), up to before
49the decode process starts. Call ff_thread_finish_setup() afterwards. If
50some code can't be moved, have update_thread_context() run it in the next
51thread.
52
53Add AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS to the codec capabilities. There will be very little
54speed gain at this point but it should work.
55
56If there are inter-frame dependencies, so the codec calls
57ff_thread_report/await_progress(), set FF_CODEC_CAP_ALLOCATE_PROGRESS in
58AVCodec.caps_internal and use ff_thread_get_buffer() to allocate frames. The
59frames must then be freed with ff_thread_release_buffer().
60Otherwise decode directly into the user-supplied frames.
61
62Call ff_thread_report_progress() after some part of the current picture has decoded.
63A good place to put this is where draw_horiz_band() is called - add this if it isn't
64called anywhere, as it's useful too and the implementation is trivial when you're
65doing this. Note that draw_edges() needs to be called before reporting progress.
66
67Before accessing a reference frame or its MVs, call ff_thread_await_progress().
68