xref: /third_party/node/doc/api/globals.md

# Global objects

<!--introduced_in=v0.10.0-->
<!-- type=misc -->

These objects are available in all modules. The following variables may appear
to be global but are not. They exist only in the scope of modules, see the
[module system documentation][]:

* [`__dirname`][]
* [`__filename`][]
* [`exports`][]
* [`module`][]
* [`require()`][]

The objects listed here are specific to Node.js. There are [built-in objects][]
that are part of the JavaScript language itself, which are also globally
accessible.

## Class: `AbortController`
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> Stability: 1 - Experimental

<!-- type=global -->

A utility class used to signal cancelation in selected `Promise`-based APIs.
The API is based on the Web API [`AbortController`][].

To use, launch Node.js using the `--experimental-abortcontroller` flag.

```js
const ac = new AbortController();

ac.signal.addEventListener('abort', () => console.log('Aborted!'),
                           { once: true });

ac.abort();

console.log(ac.signal.aborted);  // Prints True
```

### `abortController.abort()`
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Triggers the abort signal, causing the `abortController.signal` to emit
the `'abort'` event.

### `abortController.signal`
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* Type: {AbortSignal}

### Class: `AbortSignal`
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* Extends: {EventTarget}

The `AbortSignal` is used to notify observers when the
`abortController.abort()` method is called.

#### Static method: `AbortSignal.abort()`
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* Returns: {AbortSignal}

Returns a new already aborted `AbortSignal`.

#### Event: `'abort'`
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The `'abort'` event is emitted when the `abortController.abort()` method
is called. The callback is invoked with a single object argument with a
single `type` property set to `'abort'`:

```js
const ac = new AbortController();

// Use either the onabort property...
ac.signal.onabort = () => console.log('aborted!');

// Or the EventTarget API...
ac.signal.addEventListener('abort', (event) => {
  console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'abort'
}, { once: true });

ac.abort();
```

The `AbortController` with which the `AbortSignal` is associated will only
ever trigger the `'abort'` event once. We recommended that code check
that the `abortSignal.aborted` attribute is `false` before adding an `'abort'`
event listener.

Any event listeners attached to the `AbortSignal` should use the
`{ once: true }` option (or, if using the `EventEmitter` APIs to attach a
listener, use the `once()` method) to ensure that the event listener is
removed as soon as the `'abort'` event is handled. Failure to do so may
result in memory leaks.

#### `abortSignal.aborted`
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* Type: {boolean} True after the `AbortController` has been aborted.

#### `abortSignal.onabort`
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* Type: {Function}

An optional callback function that may be set by user code to be notified
when the `abortController.abort()` function has been called.

## Class: `Buffer`
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<!-- type=global -->

* {Function}

Used to handle binary data. See the [buffer section][].

## `__dirname`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`__dirname`][].

## `__filename`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`__filename`][].

## `clearImmediate(immediateObject)`
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<!--type=global-->

[`clearImmediate`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `clearInterval(intervalObject)`
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<!--type=global-->

[`clearInterval`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `clearTimeout(timeoutObject)`
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<!--type=global-->

[`clearTimeout`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `console`
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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

Used to print to stdout and stderr. See the [`console`][] section.

## `exports`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`exports`][].

## `global`
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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object} The global namespace object.

In browsers, the top-level scope is the global scope. This means that
within the browser `var something` will define a new global variable. In
Node.js this is different. The top-level scope is not the global scope;
`var something` inside a Node.js module will be local to that module.

## `module`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`module`][].

## `process`
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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

The process object. See the [`process` object][] section.

## `queueMicrotask(callback)`
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<!-- type=global -->

* `callback` {Function} Function to be queued.

The `queueMicrotask()` method queues a microtask to invoke `callback`. If
`callback` throws an exception, the [`process` object][] `'uncaughtException'`
event will be emitted.

The microtask queue is managed by V8 and may be used in a similar manner to
the [`process.nextTick()`][] queue, which is managed by Node.js. The
`process.nextTick()` queue is always processed before the microtask queue
within each turn of the Node.js event loop.

```js
// Here, `queueMicrotask()` is used to ensure the 'load' event is always
// emitted asynchronously, and therefore consistently. Using
// `process.nextTick()` here would result in the 'load' event always emitting
// before any other promise jobs.

DataHandler.prototype.load = async function load(key) {
  const hit = this._cache.get(key);
  if (hit !== undefined) {
    queueMicrotask(() => {
      this.emit('load', hit);
    });
    return;
  }

  const data = await fetchData(key);
  this._cache.set(key, data);
  this.emit('load', data);
};
```

## `require()`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`require()`][].

## `setImmediate(callback[, ...args])`
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<!-- type=global -->

[`setImmediate`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `setInterval(callback, delay[, ...args])`
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<!-- type=global -->

[`setInterval`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `setTimeout(callback, delay[, ...args])`
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<!-- type=global -->

[`setTimeout`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `TextDecoder`
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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `TextDecoder` class. See the [`TextDecoder`][] section.

## `TextEncoder`
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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `TextEncoder` class. See the [`TextEncoder`][] section.

## `URL`
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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `URL` class. See the [`URL`][] section.

## `URLSearchParams`
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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `URLSearchParams` class. See the [`URLSearchParams`][] section.

## `WebAssembly`
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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

The object that acts as the namespace for all W3C
[WebAssembly][webassembly-org] related functionality. See the
[Mozilla Developer Network][webassembly-mdn] for usage and compatibility.

[`AbortController`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController
[`TextDecoder`]: util.md#util_class_util_textdecoder
[`TextEncoder`]: util.md#util_class_util_textencoder
[`URLSearchParams`]: url.md#url_class_urlsearchparams
[`URL`]: url.md#url_class_url
[`__dirname`]: modules.md#modules_dirname
[`__filename`]: modules.md#modules_filename
[`clearImmediate`]: timers.md#timers_clearimmediate_immediate
[`clearInterval`]: timers.md#timers_clearinterval_timeout
[`clearTimeout`]: timers.md#timers_cleartimeout_timeout
[`console`]: console.md
[`exports`]: modules.md#modules_exports
[`module`]: modules.md#modules_module
[`process.nextTick()`]: process.md#process_process_nexttick_callback_args
[`process` object]: process.md#process_process
[`require()`]: modules.md#modules_require_id
[`setImmediate`]: timers.md#timers_setimmediate_callback_args
[`setInterval`]: timers.md#timers_setinterval_callback_delay_args
[`setTimeout`]: timers.md#timers_settimeout_callback_delay_args
[buffer section]: buffer.md
[built-in objects]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects
[module system documentation]: modules.md
[timers]: timers.md
[webassembly-mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly
[webassembly-org]: https://webassembly.org