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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/include/media/
Dv4l2-ioctl.h25 * @vidioc_querycap: pointer to the function that implements
27 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_cap: pointer to the function that implements
30 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_overlay: pointer to the function that implements
33 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_out: pointer to the function that implements
36 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_sdr_cap: pointer to the function that implements
39 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_sdr_out: pointer to the function that implements
42 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_meta_cap: pointer to the function that implements
45 * @vidioc_enum_fmt_meta_out: pointer to the function that implements
48 * @vidioc_g_fmt_vid_cap: pointer to the function that implements
51 * @vidioc_g_fmt_vid_overlay: pointer to the function that implements
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/process/
Dmanagement-style.rst14 to do with reality. It started as a lark, but that doesn't mean that it
27 making it painfully obvious to the questioner that we don't have a clue
37 Everybody thinks managers make decisions, and that decision-making is
39 manager must be to make it. That's very deep and obvious, but it's not
47 competent to make that decision for them.
51 Namely that you are in the wrong job, and that **they** should be managing
60 It helps to realize that the key difference between a big decision and a
62 can be made small by just always making sure that if you were wrong (and
67 And people will even see that as true leadership (*cough* bullshit
71 things that can't be undone. Don't get ushered into a corner from which
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D6.Followthrough.rst8 patches. One of the biggest mistakes that even experienced kernel
9 developers can make is to conclude that their work is now done. In truth,
13 It is a rare patch which is so good at its first posting that there is no
16 code. You, as the author of that code, will be expected to work with the
17 kernel community to ensure that your code is up to the kernel's quality
32 value and why you went to the trouble of writing it. But that value
36 to substantial rewrites - come from the understanding that Linux will
49 be working on the kernel years from now, but they understand that their
54 What all of this comes down to is that, when reviewers send you comments,
55 you need to pay attention to the technical observations that they are
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Dstable-api-nonsense.rst15 Please realize that this article describes the **in kernel** interfaces, not
18 The kernel to userspace interface is the one that application programs use,
19 the syscall interface. That interface is **very** stable over time, and
20 will not break. I have old programs that were built on a pre 0.9something
21 kernel that still work just fine on the latest 2.6 kernel release.
22 That interface is the one that users and application programmers can count
30 you get that only if your driver is in the main kernel tree. You also
40 It's only the odd person who wants to write a kernel driver that needs
47 that describes kernel drivers that do not have their source code
60 Assuming that we had a stable kernel source interface for the kernel, a
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/filesystems/
Dpath-lookup.rst22 exploration is needed to discover, is that it is complex. There are
23 many rules, special cases, and implementation alternatives that all
26 tool that we will make extensive use of is "divide and conquer". For
41 of elements: "slashes" that are sequences of one or more "``/``"
42 characters, and "components" that are sequences of one or more
43 non-"``/``" characters. These form two kinds of paths. Those that
52 component, but that isn't always accurate: a pathname can lack both
62 it must identify a directory that already exists, otherwise an error
68 pathname that is just slashes have a final component. If it does
75 tempting to consider that to have an empty final component. In many
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Dxfs-delayed-logging-design.rst15 required for objects that are frequently logged. Some parts of inodes are more
20 The reason that this is such a concern is that XFS allows multiple separate
24 "re-logging". Conceptually, this is quite simple - all it requires is that any
26 changes in the new transaction that is written to the log.
28 That is, if we have a sequence of changes A through to F, and the object was
46 that an object being relogged does not prevent the tail of the log from ever
59 progresses, ensuring that current operation never gets blocked by itself if the
62 Hence it can be seen that the relogging operation is fundamental to the correct
66 the log over and over again. Worse is the fact that objects tend to get
70 Another feature of the XFS transaction subsystem is that most transactions are
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Ddirectory-locking.rst12 that "inode pointer" order in the following.
25 4) rename() that is _not_ cross-directory. Locking rules: caller locks
37 * check that source is not a directory
61 The rules above obviously guarantee that all directories that are going to be
72 That ordering can change. However, the following is true:
102 blocked on source and it means that it doesn't hold any locks.
105 has a child that is also contended. Indeed, suppose that it is held by
107 is blocked on belongs to child of that object due to (1).
109 It means that one of the operations is cross-directory rename.
111 would have a contended child and we had assumed that no object is its
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/goldmont/
Dcache.json4 …"PublicDescription": "Counts memory requests originating from the core that miss in the L2 cache.",
14 …"PublicDescription": "Counts memory requests originating from the core that reference a cache line…
24 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of demand and prefetch transactions that the L2 XQ rejects…
34 …on which likely indicates back pressure from L2Q. It also counts requests that would have gone dir…
54 …"PublicDescription": "Counts cycles that fetch is stalled due to an outstanding ICache miss. That
92 "BriefDescription": "Load uops retired that split a cache-line (Precise event capable)",
104 "BriefDescription": "Stores uops retired that split a cache-line (Precise event capable)",
116 "BriefDescription": "Memory uops retired that split a cache-line (Precise event capable)",
146 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of memory uops retired that is either a loads or a store o…
158 "PublicDescription": "Counts load uops retired that hit the L1 data cache.",
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/admin-guide/pm/
Dcpuidle.rst33 CPU idle time management operates on CPUs as seen by the *CPU scheduler* (that
35 work in the system). In its view, CPUs are *logical* units. That is, they need
38 entity which appears to be fetching instructions that belong to one sequence
43 program) at a time, it is a CPU. In that case, if the hardware is asked to
44 enter an idle state, that applies to the processor as a whole.
51 time. The entire cores are CPUs in that case and if the hardware is asked to
52 enter an idle state, that applies to the core that asked for it in the first
54 that the core belongs to (in fact, it may apply to an entire hierarchy of larger
57 remaining core asks the processor to enter an idle state, that may trigger it
59 other cores in that unit.
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/LICENSES/preferred/
DLGPL-2.143 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have
45 service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if you
46 want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free
47 programs; and that you are informed that you can do these things.
49 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
55 a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You
56 must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you
58 the recipients, so that they can relink them with the library after making
66 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is no
68 else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not
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DLGPL-2.039 General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
41 wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you
42 can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that
45 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
51 a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You
52 must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you
54 the recipients so that they can relink them with the library, after making
62 Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain that
63 everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free library. If
65 recipients to know that what they have is not the original version, so that
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/power/
Dfreezing-of-tasks.rst17 There are three per-task flags used for that, PF_NOFREEZE, PF_FROZEN
18 and PF_FREEZER_SKIP (the last one is auxiliary). The tasks that have
28 sets this variable. After this, it executes try_to_freeze_tasks() that sends a
30 All freezable tasks must react to that by calling try_to_freeze(), which
33 it loop until PF_FROZEN is cleared for it. Then, we say that the task is
40 try_to_freeze() function (defined in include/linux/freezer.h), that checks
47 that combine interruptible sleep with checking if the task is to be frozen and
69 order to clear the PF_FROZEN flag for each frozen task. Then, the tasks that
101 IV. Why do we do that?
111 filesystem-related information that must be consistent with the state of the
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/knightslanding/
Dmemory.json18 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that accounts for data responses from MCDRAM Far…
29 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that accounts for data responses from MCDRAM Loc…
40 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that accounts for data responses from DRAM Far.",
51 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that accounts for data responses from DRAM Local…
62 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Read request that accounts for data responses from MCDRAM Far or …
73 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Read request that accounts for data responses from MCDRAM Local.",
84 … "BriefDescription": "Counts any Read request that accounts for data responses from DRAM Far.",
95 … "BriefDescription": "Counts any Read request that accounts for data responses from DRAM Local.",
106 …"BriefDescription": "Counts Demand code reads and prefetch code read requests that accounts for d…
117 …"BriefDescription": "Counts Demand code reads and prefetch code read requests that accounts for d…
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Dcache.json8that reference a cache line (cacheable requests) exlcuding SW prefetches filling only to L2 cache …
16 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the number of MEC requests that were not accepted into the L2Q because…
44 …: "This event counts the number of load micro-ops retired that miss in L1 Data cache. Note that pr…
50 "BriefDescription": "Counts the number of load micro-ops retired that miss in L1 D cache"
59 "BriefDescription": "Counts the number of load micro-ops retired that hit in the L2",
69 "BriefDescription": "Counts the number of load micro-ops retired that miss in the L2",
78 "BriefDescription": "Counts the number of load micro-ops retired that caused micro TLB miss"
87 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the loads retired that get the data from the other core in the same ti…
124 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that are outstanding, per weighted cycle, from t…
135 …"BriefDescription": "Counts any Prefetch requests that accounts for responses from a snoop request…
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/silvermont/
Dcache.json3 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts the number of demand and prefetch transactions that the L2…
9 … "BriefDescription": "Counts the number of request from the L2 that were not accepted into the XQ"
12that would have gone directly to the XQ, but are rejected due to a full or nearly full condition, …
18 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the number of request that were not accepted into the L2Q because the …
21 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts requests originating from the core that references a cache…
39that fetch is stalled due to an outstanding ICache miss. That is, the decoder queue is able to acc…
49 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts the number of retired loads that were prohibited from rece…
67 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts the number of retire stores that experienced cache line bo…
73 "BriefDescription": "Store uops that split cache line boundary"
77 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts the number of retire loads that experienced cache line bou…
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/networking/devlink/
Ddevlink-trap.rst21 kernel so that it will route it as well and generate an ICMP Time Exceeded
39 as it allows users to obtain further visibility into packet drops that would
123 Generic packet traps are used to describe traps that trap well-defined packets
124 or packets that are trapped due to well-defined conditions (e.g., TTL error).
136 - Traps incoming packets that the device decided to drop because of a
140 - Traps incoming packets that the device decided to drop in case of VLAN
145 - Traps incoming packets that the device decided to drop in case they are
146 tagged with a VLAN that is not configured on the ingress bridge port
149 - Traps incoming packets that the device decided to drop in case the STP
153 - Traps packets that the device decided to drop in case they need to be
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
Dcolorspaces.rst10 biology. Just because you have three numbers that describe the 'red',
11 'green' and 'blue' components of the color of a pixel does not mean that
12 you can accurately display that color. A colorspace defines what it
13 actually *means* to have an RGB value of e.g. (255, 0, 0). That is,
17 In order to do that we first need to have a good definition of color,
18 i.e. some way to uniquely and unambiguously define a color so that
20 the human eye has color receptors that are sensitive to three different
34 possible that different SPDs will result in the same stimulation of
39 between SPDs and the perceived color and that resulted in the CIE 1931
40 standard that defines spectral weighting functions that model the
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/locking/
Drt-mutex-design.rst11 It doesn't describe the reasons why rtmutex.c exists. For that please see
13 that happen without this code, but that is in the concept to understand
17 inheritance (PI) algorithm that is used, as well as reasons for the
18 decisions that were made to implement PI in the manner that was done.
27 to use a resource that a lower priority process has (a mutex for example),
30 is something called unbounded priority inversion. That is when the high
37 that C owns and must wait and lets C run to release the lock. But in the
71 inherited priority, and A then can continue with the resource that C had.
76 Here I explain some terminology that is used in this document to help describe
77 the design that is used to implement PI.
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/maintainer/
Drebasing-and-merging.rst12 those tools incorrectly, but avoiding problems is not actually all that
15 One thing to be aware of in general is that, unlike many other projects,
26 within a repository. There are two different types of operations that are
43 history; used improperly, it can obscure that history and introduce bugs.
45 There are a few rules of thumb that can help developers to avoid the worst
48 - History that has been exposed to the world beyond your private system
51 work is in need of rebasing, that is usually a sign that it is not yet
54 That said, there are always exceptions. Some trees (linux-next being
58 testing services. If you do expose a branch that may be unstable in
59 this way, be sure that prospective users know not to base work on it.
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/block/
Dinline-encryption.rst17 encryption context programmed into that keyslot. This is very different from
37 - IE hardware has a limited number of "keyslots" that can be programmed
41 that specified keyslot. When possible, we want to make multiple requests with
46 needs to be able to use that encryption context when it processes the bio.
55 We add a struct bio_crypt_ctx to struct bio that can
64 We introduce a keyslot manager (KSM) that handles the translation from
67 upper layers. The generic mode of operation is: each device driver that wants
69 Upper layers that want to use IE on this device can then use this KSM in
72 that the device supports IE.
76 referencing that keyslot). When a new encryption context needs a keyslot, it
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/vm/
Dmemory-model.rst12 however, that this range contains small holes that are not accessible
20 whether it is possible to manually override that default.
34 helpers that allow the conversion from PFN to `struct page` and vice
44 In the FLATMEM memory model, there is a global `mem_map` array that
51 usable until the call to :c:func:`memblock_free_all` that hands all the
55 it may free parts of the `mem_map` array that do not cover the
74 things, `pg_data_t` holds the `node_mem_map` array that maps
75 physical pages belonging to that node. The `node_start_pfn` field of
76 `pg_data_t` is the number of the first page frame belonging to that
87 node hosting that page.
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/core-api/
Ddma-attributes.rst5 This document describes the semantics of the DMA attributes that are
11 DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING specifies that reads and writes to the mapping
12 may be weakly ordered, that is that reads and writes may pass each other.
15 those that do not will simply ignore the attribute and exhibit default
21 DMA_ATTR_WRITE_COMBINE specifies that writes to the mapping may be
25 those that do not will simply ignore the attribute and exhibit default
37 that you won't dereference the pointer returned by dma_alloc_attr(). You
38 can treat it as a cookie that must be passed to dma_mmap_attrs() and
39 dma_free_attrs(). Make sure that both of these also get this attribute
43 DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING, those that do not will simply ignore the
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/driver-api/pm/
Dcpuidle.rst16 Every time one of the logical CPUs in the system (the entities that appear to
18 cores) is idle after an interrupt or equivalent wakeup event, which means that
20 with it, there is an opportunity to save energy for the processor that it
21 belongs to. That can be done by making the idle logical CPU stop fetching
25 However, there may be multiple different idle states that can be used in such a
27 (from the kernel perspective) and ask the processor to use (or "enter") that
28 particular idle state. That is the role of the CPU idle time management
32 principle, so the generic code that in principle need not depend on the hardware
33 or platform design details in it is separate from the code that interacts with
36 to enter, *drivers* that pass the governors' decisions on to the hardware and
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/
Dosi.rst10 can evaluate that method, look to see if it supports 'XYZ'
14 that OSPM supports"
22 Linux runs on two groups of machines -- those that are tested by the OEM
23 to be compatible with Linux, and those that were never tested with Linux,
26 The larger group is the systems tested to run only Windows. Not only that,
30 Experience shows that taking untested paths through the BIOS
37 Windows to its list of _OSI strings. So it is possible that additional strings
39 But it is likely that they will all eventually be added.
52 via the linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org mailing list. When that patch
55 by the OS. Linux distributors can back-port that patch for Linux
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/kernel/linux/linux-5.10/include/kunit/
Dtest.h38 * when finished with it. Note that kunit_alloc_resource() does not require a
113 * that makes expectations and assertions (see KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE() and
174 * A kunit_suite is a collection of related &struct kunit_case s, such that
221 * Because resources is a list that may be updated multiple times (with
266 * an initcall which we don't want as the idea is that for builtins
325 * object that contains the allocation. This is mostly for testing purposes.
422 * specify an @internal_gfp that is compatible with the use context of your
453 * An instance of kunit_resource_match_t that matches a resource whose
543 * Note that the resource will not be immediately freed since it is likely
638 * The opposite of KUNIT_FAIL(), it is an expectation that cannot fail. In other
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