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1 /*
2  * Common bit i/o utils
3  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 Fabrice Bellard
4  * Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
5  * Copyright (c) 2010 Loren Merritt
6  *
7  * alternative bitstream reader & writer by Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
8  *
9  * This file is part of FFmpeg.
10  *
11  * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
12  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
13  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
14  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
15  *
16  * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
19  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
20  *
21  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
22  * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
23  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
24  */
25 
26 /**
27  * @file
28  * bitstream api.
29  */
30 
31 #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
32 #include "libavutil/qsort.h"
33 #include "avcodec.h"
34 #include "internal.h"
35 #include "mathops.h"
36 #include "put_bits.h"
37 #include "vlc.h"
38 
39 const uint8_t ff_log2_run[41]={
40  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
41  2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3,
42  4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7,
43  8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
44 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,
45 24,
46 };
47 
48 #if FF_API_AVPRIV_PUT_BITS
avpriv_align_put_bits(PutBitContext * s)49 void avpriv_align_put_bits(PutBitContext *s)
50 {
51     align_put_bits(s);
52 }
avpriv_copy_bits(PutBitContext * pb,const uint8_t * src,int length)53 void avpriv_copy_bits(PutBitContext *pb, const uint8_t *src, int length)
54 {
55     ff_copy_bits(pb, src, length);
56 }
57 #endif
58 
ff_put_string(PutBitContext * pb,const char * string,int terminate_string)59 void ff_put_string(PutBitContext *pb, const char *string, int terminate_string)
60 {
61     while (*string) {
62         put_bits(pb, 8, *string);
63         string++;
64     }
65     if (terminate_string)
66         put_bits(pb, 8, 0);
67 }
68 
ff_copy_bits(PutBitContext * pb,const uint8_t * src,int length)69 void ff_copy_bits(PutBitContext *pb, const uint8_t *src, int length)
70 {
71     int words = length >> 4;
72     int bits  = length & 15;
73     int i;
74 
75     if (length == 0)
76         return;
77 
78     av_assert0(length <= put_bits_left(pb));
79 
80     if (CONFIG_SMALL || words < 16 || put_bits_count(pb) & 7) {
81         for (i = 0; i < words; i++)
82             put_bits(pb, 16, AV_RB16(src + 2 * i));
83     } else {
84         for (i = 0; put_bits_count(pb) & 31; i++)
85             put_bits(pb, 8, src[i]);
86         flush_put_bits(pb);
87         memcpy(put_bits_ptr(pb), src + i, 2 * words - i);
88         skip_put_bytes(pb, 2 * words - i);
89     }
90 
91     put_bits(pb, bits, AV_RB16(src + 2 * words) >> (16 - bits));
92 }
93 
94 /* VLC decoding */
95 
96 #define GET_DATA(v, table, i, wrap, size)                   \
97 {                                                           \
98     const uint8_t *ptr = (const uint8_t *)table + i * wrap; \
99     switch(size) {                                          \
100     case 1:                                                 \
101         v = *(const uint8_t *)ptr;                          \
102         break;                                              \
103     case 2:                                                 \
104         v = *(const uint16_t *)ptr;                         \
105         break;                                              \
106     case 4:                                                 \
107     default:                                                \
108         av_assert1(size == 4);                              \
109         v = *(const uint32_t *)ptr;                         \
110         break;                                              \
111     }                                                       \
112 }
113 
114 
alloc_table(VLC * vlc,int size,int use_static)115 static int alloc_table(VLC *vlc, int size, int use_static)
116 {
117     int index = vlc->table_size;
118 
119     vlc->table_size += size;
120     if (vlc->table_size > vlc->table_allocated) {
121         if (use_static)
122             abort(); // cannot do anything, init_vlc() is used with too little memory
123         vlc->table_allocated += (1 << vlc->bits);
124         vlc->table = av_realloc_f(vlc->table, vlc->table_allocated, sizeof(VLC_TYPE) * 2);
125         if (!vlc->table) {
126             vlc->table_allocated = 0;
127             vlc->table_size = 0;
128             return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
129         }
130         memset(vlc->table + vlc->table_allocated - (1 << vlc->bits), 0, sizeof(VLC_TYPE) * 2 << vlc->bits);
131     }
132     return index;
133 }
134 
135 #define LOCALBUF_ELEMS 1500 // the maximum currently needed is 1296 by rv34
136 
137 typedef struct VLCcode {
138     uint8_t bits;
139     VLC_TYPE symbol;
140     /** codeword, with the first bit-to-be-read in the msb
141      * (even if intended for a little-endian bitstream reader) */
142     uint32_t code;
143 } VLCcode;
144 
vlc_common_init(VLC * vlc_arg,int nb_bits,int nb_codes,VLC ** vlc,VLC * localvlc,VLCcode ** buf,int flags)145 static int vlc_common_init(VLC *vlc_arg, int nb_bits, int nb_codes,
146                            VLC **vlc, VLC *localvlc, VLCcode **buf,
147                            int flags)
148 {
149     *vlc = vlc_arg;
150     (*vlc)->bits = nb_bits;
151     if (flags & INIT_VLC_USE_NEW_STATIC) {
152         av_assert0(nb_codes <= LOCALBUF_ELEMS);
153         *localvlc = *vlc_arg;
154         *vlc = localvlc;
155         (*vlc)->table_size = 0;
156     } else {
157         (*vlc)->table           = NULL;
158         (*vlc)->table_allocated = 0;
159         (*vlc)->table_size      = 0;
160     }
161     if (nb_codes > LOCALBUF_ELEMS) {
162         *buf = av_malloc_array(nb_codes, sizeof(VLCcode));
163         if (!*buf)
164             return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
165     }
166 
167     return 0;
168 }
169 
compare_vlcspec(const void * a,const void * b)170 static int compare_vlcspec(const void *a, const void *b)
171 {
172     const VLCcode *sa = a, *sb = b;
173     return (sa->code >> 1) - (sb->code >> 1);
174 }
175 /**
176  * Build VLC decoding tables suitable for use with get_vlc().
177  *
178  * @param vlc            the context to be initialized
179  *
180  * @param table_nb_bits  max length of vlc codes to store directly in this table
181  *                       (Longer codes are delegated to subtables.)
182  *
183  * @param nb_codes       number of elements in codes[]
184  *
185  * @param codes          descriptions of the vlc codes
186  *                       These must be ordered such that codes going into the same subtable are contiguous.
187  *                       Sorting by VLCcode.code is sufficient, though not necessary.
188  */
build_table(VLC * vlc,int table_nb_bits,int nb_codes,VLCcode * codes,int flags)189 static int build_table(VLC *vlc, int table_nb_bits, int nb_codes,
190                        VLCcode *codes, int flags)
191 {
192     int table_size, table_index, index, code_prefix, symbol, subtable_bits;
193     int i, j, k, n, nb, inc;
194     uint32_t code;
195     volatile VLC_TYPE (* volatile table)[2]; // the double volatile is needed to prevent an internal compiler error in gcc 4.2
196 
197     if (table_nb_bits > 30)
198        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
199     table_size = 1 << table_nb_bits;
200     table_index = alloc_table(vlc, table_size, flags & INIT_VLC_USE_NEW_STATIC);
201     ff_dlog(NULL, "new table index=%d size=%d\n", table_index, table_size);
202     if (table_index < 0)
203         return table_index;
204     table = (volatile VLC_TYPE (*)[2])&vlc->table[table_index];
205 
206     /* first pass: map codes and compute auxiliary table sizes */
207     for (i = 0; i < nb_codes; i++) {
208         n      = codes[i].bits;
209         code   = codes[i].code;
210         symbol = codes[i].symbol;
211         ff_dlog(NULL, "i=%d n=%d code=0x%"PRIx32"\n", i, n, code);
212         if (n <= table_nb_bits) {
213             /* no need to add another table */
214             j = code >> (32 - table_nb_bits);
215             nb = 1 << (table_nb_bits - n);
216             inc = 1;
217             if (flags & INIT_VLC_OUTPUT_LE) {
218                 j = bitswap_32(code);
219                 inc = 1 << n;
220             }
221             for (k = 0; k < nb; k++) {
222                 int bits = table[j][1];
223                 int oldsym  = table[j][0];
224                 ff_dlog(NULL, "%4x: code=%d n=%d\n", j, i, n);
225                 if ((bits || oldsym) && (bits != n || oldsym != symbol)) {
226                     av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "incorrect codes\n");
227                     return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
228                 }
229                 table[j][1] = n; //bits
230                 table[j][0] = symbol;
231                 j += inc;
232             }
233         } else {
234             /* fill auxiliary table recursively */
235             n -= table_nb_bits;
236             code_prefix = code >> (32 - table_nb_bits);
237             subtable_bits = n;
238             codes[i].bits = n;
239             codes[i].code = code << table_nb_bits;
240             for (k = i+1; k < nb_codes; k++) {
241                 n = codes[k].bits - table_nb_bits;
242                 if (n <= 0)
243                     break;
244                 code = codes[k].code;
245                 if (code >> (32 - table_nb_bits) != code_prefix)
246                     break;
247                 codes[k].bits = n;
248                 codes[k].code = code << table_nb_bits;
249                 subtable_bits = FFMAX(subtable_bits, n);
250             }
251             subtable_bits = FFMIN(subtable_bits, table_nb_bits);
252             j = (flags & INIT_VLC_OUTPUT_LE) ? bitswap_32(code_prefix) >> (32 - table_nb_bits) : code_prefix;
253             table[j][1] = -subtable_bits;
254             ff_dlog(NULL, "%4x: n=%d (subtable)\n",
255                     j, codes[i].bits + table_nb_bits);
256             index = build_table(vlc, subtable_bits, k-i, codes+i, flags);
257             if (index < 0)
258                 return index;
259             /* note: realloc has been done, so reload tables */
260             table = (volatile VLC_TYPE (*)[2])&vlc->table[table_index];
261             table[j][0] = index; //code
262             if (table[j][0] != index) {
263                 avpriv_request_sample(NULL, "strange codes");
264                 return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
265             }
266             i = k-1;
267         }
268     }
269 
270     for (i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
271         if (table[i][1] == 0) //bits
272             table[i][0] = -1; //codes
273     }
274 
275     return table_index;
276 }
277 
vlc_common_end(VLC * vlc,int nb_bits,int nb_codes,VLCcode * codes,int flags,VLC * vlc_arg,VLCcode localbuf[LOCALBUF_ELEMS])278 static int vlc_common_end(VLC *vlc, int nb_bits, int nb_codes, VLCcode *codes,
279                           int flags, VLC *vlc_arg, VLCcode localbuf[LOCALBUF_ELEMS])
280 {
281     int ret = build_table(vlc, nb_bits, nb_codes, codes, flags);
282 
283     if (flags & INIT_VLC_USE_NEW_STATIC) {
284         if (vlc->table_size != vlc->table_allocated &&
285             !(flags & (INIT_VLC_STATIC_OVERLONG & ~INIT_VLC_USE_NEW_STATIC)))
286             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "needed %d had %d\n", vlc->table_size, vlc->table_allocated);
287         av_assert0(ret >= 0);
288         *vlc_arg = *vlc;
289     } else {
290         if (codes != localbuf)
291             av_free(codes);
292         if (ret < 0) {
293             av_freep(&vlc->table);
294             return ret;
295         }
296     }
297     return 0;
298 }
299 
300 /* Build VLC decoding tables suitable for use with get_vlc().
301 
302    'nb_bits' sets the decoding table size (2^nb_bits) entries. The
303    bigger it is, the faster is the decoding. But it should not be too
304    big to save memory and L1 cache. '9' is a good compromise.
305 
306    'nb_codes' : number of vlcs codes
307 
308    'bits' : table which gives the size (in bits) of each vlc code.
309 
310    'codes' : table which gives the bit pattern of of each vlc code.
311 
312    'symbols' : table which gives the values to be returned from get_vlc().
313 
314    'xxx_wrap' : give the number of bytes between each entry of the
315    'bits' or 'codes' tables.
316 
317    'xxx_size' : gives the number of bytes of each entry of the 'bits'
318    or 'codes' tables. Currently 1,2 and 4 are supported.
319 
320    'wrap' and 'size' make it possible to use any memory configuration and types
321    (byte/word/long) to store the 'bits', 'codes', and 'symbols' tables.
322 */
ff_init_vlc_sparse(VLC * vlc_arg,int nb_bits,int nb_codes,const void * bits,int bits_wrap,int bits_size,const void * codes,int codes_wrap,int codes_size,const void * symbols,int symbols_wrap,int symbols_size,int flags)323 int ff_init_vlc_sparse(VLC *vlc_arg, int nb_bits, int nb_codes,
324                        const void *bits, int bits_wrap, int bits_size,
325                        const void *codes, int codes_wrap, int codes_size,
326                        const void *symbols, int symbols_wrap, int symbols_size,
327                        int flags)
328 {
329     VLCcode localbuf[LOCALBUF_ELEMS], *buf = localbuf;
330     int i, j, ret;
331     VLC localvlc, *vlc;
332 
333     ret = vlc_common_init(vlc_arg, nb_bits, nb_codes, &vlc, &localvlc,
334                           &buf, flags);
335     if (ret < 0)
336         return ret;
337 
338     av_assert0(symbols_size <= 2 || !symbols);
339     j = 0;
340 #define COPY(condition)\
341     for (i = 0; i < nb_codes; i++) {                                        \
342         unsigned len;                                                       \
343         GET_DATA(len, bits, i, bits_wrap, bits_size);                       \
344         if (!(condition))                                                   \
345             continue;                                                       \
346         if (len > 3*nb_bits || len > 32) {                                  \
347             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Too long VLC (%u) in init_vlc\n", len);\
348             if (buf != localbuf)                                            \
349                 av_free(buf);                                               \
350             return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                         \
351         }                                                                   \
352         buf[j].bits = len;                                                  \
353         GET_DATA(buf[j].code, codes, i, codes_wrap, codes_size);            \
354         if (buf[j].code >= (1LL<<buf[j].bits)) {                            \
355             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid code %"PRIx32" for %d in "  \
356                    "init_vlc\n", buf[j].code, i);                           \
357             if (buf != localbuf)                                            \
358                 av_free(buf);                                               \
359             return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                         \
360         }                                                                   \
361         if (flags & INIT_VLC_INPUT_LE)                                      \
362             buf[j].code = bitswap_32(buf[j].code);                          \
363         else                                                                \
364             buf[j].code <<= 32 - buf[j].bits;                               \
365         if (symbols)                                                        \
366             GET_DATA(buf[j].symbol, symbols, i, symbols_wrap, symbols_size) \
367         else                                                                \
368             buf[j].symbol = i;                                              \
369         j++;                                                                \
370     }
371     COPY(len > nb_bits);
372     // qsort is the slowest part of init_vlc, and could probably be improved or avoided
373     AV_QSORT(buf, j, struct VLCcode, compare_vlcspec);
374     COPY(len && len <= nb_bits);
375     nb_codes = j;
376 
377     return vlc_common_end(vlc, nb_bits, nb_codes, buf,
378                           flags, vlc_arg, localbuf);
379 }
380 
ff_init_vlc_from_lengths(VLC * vlc_arg,int nb_bits,int nb_codes,const int8_t * lens,int lens_wrap,const void * symbols,int symbols_wrap,int symbols_size,int offset,int flags,void * logctx)381 int ff_init_vlc_from_lengths(VLC *vlc_arg, int nb_bits, int nb_codes,
382                              const int8_t *lens, int lens_wrap,
383                              const void *symbols, int symbols_wrap, int symbols_size,
384                              int offset, int flags, void *logctx)
385 {
386     VLCcode localbuf[LOCALBUF_ELEMS], *buf = localbuf;
387     VLC localvlc, *vlc;
388     uint64_t code;
389     int ret, j, len_max = FFMIN(32, 3 * nb_bits);
390 
391     ret = vlc_common_init(vlc_arg, nb_bits, nb_codes, &vlc, &localvlc,
392                           &buf, flags);
393     if (ret < 0)
394         return ret;
395 
396     j = code = 0;
397     for (int i = 0; i < nb_codes; i++, lens += lens_wrap) {
398         int len = *lens;
399         if (len > 0) {
400             unsigned sym;
401 
402             buf[j].bits = len;
403             if (symbols)
404                 GET_DATA(sym, symbols, i, symbols_wrap, symbols_size)
405             else
406                 sym = i;
407             buf[j].symbol = sym + offset;
408             buf[j++].code = code;
409         } else if (len <  0) {
410             len = -len;
411         } else
412             continue;
413         if (len > len_max || code & ((1U << (32 - len)) - 1)) {
414             av_log(logctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid VLC (length %u)\n", len);
415             goto fail;
416         }
417         code += 1U << (32 - len);
418         if (code > UINT32_MAX + 1ULL) {
419             av_log(logctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Overdetermined VLC tree\n");
420             goto fail;
421         }
422     }
423     return vlc_common_end(vlc, nb_bits, j, buf,
424                           flags, vlc_arg, localbuf);
425 fail:
426     if (buf != localbuf)
427         av_free(buf);
428     return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
429 }
430 
ff_free_vlc(VLC * vlc)431 void ff_free_vlc(VLC *vlc)
432 {
433     av_freep(&vlc->table);
434 }
435