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1 //===- CFG.h ----------------------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 /// \file
9 ///
10 /// This file provides various utilities for inspecting and working with the
11 /// control flow graph in LLVM IR. This includes generic facilities for
12 /// iterating successors and predecessors of basic blocks, the successors of
13 /// specific terminator instructions, etc. It also defines specializations of
14 /// GraphTraits that allow Function and BasicBlock graphs to be treated as
15 /// proper graphs for generic algorithms.
16 ///
17 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
18 
19 #ifndef LLVM_IR_CFG_H
20 #define LLVM_IR_CFG_H
21 
22 #include "llvm/ADT/GraphTraits.h"
23 #include "llvm/ADT/iterator.h"
24 #include "llvm/ADT/iterator_range.h"
25 #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
26 #include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
27 #include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
28 #include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
29 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
30 #include "llvm/Support/type_traits.h"
31 #include <cassert>
32 #include <cstddef>
33 #include <iterator>
34 
35 namespace llvm {
36 
37 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
38 // BasicBlock pred_iterator definition
39 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
40 
41 template <class Ptr, class USE_iterator> // Predecessor Iterator
42 class PredIterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag,
43                                           Ptr, ptrdiff_t, Ptr*, Ptr*> {
44   using super =
45       std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, Ptr, ptrdiff_t, Ptr*, Ptr*>;
46   using Self = PredIterator<Ptr, USE_iterator>;
47   USE_iterator It;
48 
advancePastNonTerminators()49   inline void advancePastNonTerminators() {
50     // Loop to ignore non-terminator uses (for example BlockAddresses).
51     while (!It.atEnd()) {
52       if (auto *Inst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(*It))
53         if (Inst->isTerminator())
54           break;
55 
56       ++It;
57     }
58   }
59 
60 public:
61   using pointer = typename super::pointer;
62   using reference = typename super::reference;
63 
64   PredIterator() = default;
PredIterator(Ptr * bb)65   explicit inline PredIterator(Ptr *bb) : It(bb->user_begin()) {
66     advancePastNonTerminators();
67   }
PredIterator(Ptr * bb,bool)68   inline PredIterator(Ptr *bb, bool) : It(bb->user_end()) {}
69 
70   inline bool operator==(const Self& x) const { return It == x.It; }
71   inline bool operator!=(const Self& x) const { return !operator==(x); }
72 
73   inline reference operator*() const {
74     assert(!It.atEnd() && "pred_iterator out of range!");
75     return cast<Instruction>(*It)->getParent();
76   }
77   inline pointer *operator->() const { return &operator*(); }
78 
79   inline Self& operator++() {   // Preincrement
80     assert(!It.atEnd() && "pred_iterator out of range!");
81     ++It; advancePastNonTerminators();
82     return *this;
83   }
84 
85   inline Self operator++(int) { // Postincrement
86     Self tmp = *this; ++*this; return tmp;
87   }
88 
89   /// getOperandNo - Return the operand number in the predecessor's
90   /// terminator of the successor.
getOperandNo()91   unsigned getOperandNo() const {
92     return It.getOperandNo();
93   }
94 
95   /// getUse - Return the operand Use in the predecessor's terminator
96   /// of the successor.
getUse()97   Use &getUse() const {
98     return It.getUse();
99   }
100 };
101 
102 using pred_iterator = PredIterator<BasicBlock, Value::user_iterator>;
103 using const_pred_iterator =
104     PredIterator<const BasicBlock, Value::const_user_iterator>;
105 using pred_range = iterator_range<pred_iterator>;
106 using pred_const_range = iterator_range<const_pred_iterator>;
107 
pred_begin(BasicBlock * BB)108 inline pred_iterator pred_begin(BasicBlock *BB) { return pred_iterator(BB); }
pred_begin(const BasicBlock * BB)109 inline const_pred_iterator pred_begin(const BasicBlock *BB) {
110   return const_pred_iterator(BB);
111 }
pred_end(BasicBlock * BB)112 inline pred_iterator pred_end(BasicBlock *BB) { return pred_iterator(BB, true);}
pred_end(const BasicBlock * BB)113 inline const_pred_iterator pred_end(const BasicBlock *BB) {
114   return const_pred_iterator(BB, true);
115 }
pred_empty(const BasicBlock * BB)116 inline bool pred_empty(const BasicBlock *BB) {
117   return pred_begin(BB) == pred_end(BB);
118 }
119 /// Get the number of predecessors of \p BB. This is a linear time operation.
120 /// Use \ref BasicBlock::hasNPredecessors() or hasNPredecessorsOrMore if able.
pred_size(const BasicBlock * BB)121 inline unsigned pred_size(const BasicBlock *BB) {
122   return std::distance(pred_begin(BB), pred_end(BB));
123 }
predecessors(BasicBlock * BB)124 inline pred_range predecessors(BasicBlock *BB) {
125   return pred_range(pred_begin(BB), pred_end(BB));
126 }
predecessors(const BasicBlock * BB)127 inline pred_const_range predecessors(const BasicBlock *BB) {
128   return pred_const_range(pred_begin(BB), pred_end(BB));
129 }
130 
131 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
132 // Instruction and BasicBlock succ_iterator helpers
133 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
134 
135 template <class InstructionT, class BlockT>
136 class SuccIterator
137     : public iterator_facade_base<SuccIterator<InstructionT, BlockT>,
138                                   std::random_access_iterator_tag, BlockT, int,
139                                   BlockT *, BlockT *> {
140 public:
141   using difference_type = int;
142   using pointer = BlockT *;
143   using reference = BlockT *;
144 
145 private:
146   InstructionT *Inst;
147   int Idx;
148   using Self = SuccIterator<InstructionT, BlockT>;
149 
index_is_valid(int Idx)150   inline bool index_is_valid(int Idx) {
151     // Note that we specially support the index of zero being valid even in the
152     // face of a null instruction.
153     return Idx >= 0 && (Idx == 0 || Idx <= (int)Inst->getNumSuccessors());
154   }
155 
156   /// Proxy object to allow write access in operator[]
157   class SuccessorProxy {
158     Self It;
159 
160   public:
SuccessorProxy(const Self & It)161     explicit SuccessorProxy(const Self &It) : It(It) {}
162 
163     SuccessorProxy(const SuccessorProxy &) = default;
164 
165     SuccessorProxy &operator=(SuccessorProxy RHS) {
166       *this = reference(RHS);
167       return *this;
168     }
169 
170     SuccessorProxy &operator=(reference RHS) {
171       It.Inst->setSuccessor(It.Idx, RHS);
172       return *this;
173     }
174 
reference()175     operator reference() const { return *It; }
176   };
177 
178 public:
179   // begin iterator
SuccIterator(InstructionT * Inst)180   explicit inline SuccIterator(InstructionT *Inst) : Inst(Inst), Idx(0) {}
181   // end iterator
SuccIterator(InstructionT * Inst,bool)182   inline SuccIterator(InstructionT *Inst, bool) : Inst(Inst) {
183     if (Inst)
184       Idx = Inst->getNumSuccessors();
185     else
186       // Inst == NULL happens, if a basic block is not fully constructed and
187       // consequently getTerminator() returns NULL. In this case we construct
188       // a SuccIterator which describes a basic block that has zero
189       // successors.
190       // Defining SuccIterator for incomplete and malformed CFGs is especially
191       // useful for debugging.
192       Idx = 0;
193   }
194 
195   /// This is used to interface between code that wants to
196   /// operate on terminator instructions directly.
getSuccessorIndex()197   int getSuccessorIndex() const { return Idx; }
198 
199   inline bool operator==(const Self &x) const { return Idx == x.Idx; }
200 
201   inline BlockT *operator*() const { return Inst->getSuccessor(Idx); }
202 
203   // We use the basic block pointer directly for operator->.
204   inline BlockT *operator->() const { return operator*(); }
205 
206   inline bool operator<(const Self &RHS) const {
207     assert(Inst == RHS.Inst && "Cannot compare iterators of different blocks!");
208     return Idx < RHS.Idx;
209   }
210 
211   int operator-(const Self &RHS) const {
212     assert(Inst == RHS.Inst && "Cannot compare iterators of different blocks!");
213     return Idx - RHS.Idx;
214   }
215 
216   inline Self &operator+=(int RHS) {
217     int NewIdx = Idx + RHS;
218     assert(index_is_valid(NewIdx) && "Iterator index out of bound");
219     Idx = NewIdx;
220     return *this;
221   }
222 
223   inline Self &operator-=(int RHS) { return operator+=(-RHS); }
224 
225   // Specially implement the [] operation using a proxy object to support
226   // assignment.
227   inline SuccessorProxy operator[](int Offset) {
228     Self TmpIt = *this;
229     TmpIt += Offset;
230     return SuccessorProxy(TmpIt);
231   }
232 
233   /// Get the source BlockT of this iterator.
getSource()234   inline BlockT *getSource() {
235     assert(Inst && "Source not available, if basic block was malformed");
236     return Inst->getParent();
237   }
238 };
239 
240 using succ_iterator = SuccIterator<Instruction, BasicBlock>;
241 using succ_const_iterator = SuccIterator<const Instruction, const BasicBlock>;
242 using succ_range = iterator_range<succ_iterator>;
243 using succ_const_range = iterator_range<succ_const_iterator>;
244 
succ_begin(Instruction * I)245 inline succ_iterator succ_begin(Instruction *I) { return succ_iterator(I); }
succ_begin(const Instruction * I)246 inline succ_const_iterator succ_begin(const Instruction *I) {
247   return succ_const_iterator(I);
248 }
succ_end(Instruction * I)249 inline succ_iterator succ_end(Instruction *I) { return succ_iterator(I, true); }
succ_end(const Instruction * I)250 inline succ_const_iterator succ_end(const Instruction *I) {
251   return succ_const_iterator(I, true);
252 }
succ_empty(const Instruction * I)253 inline bool succ_empty(const Instruction *I) {
254   return succ_begin(I) == succ_end(I);
255 }
succ_size(const Instruction * I)256 inline unsigned succ_size(const Instruction *I) {
257   return std::distance(succ_begin(I), succ_end(I));
258 }
successors(Instruction * I)259 inline succ_range successors(Instruction *I) {
260   return succ_range(succ_begin(I), succ_end(I));
261 }
successors(const Instruction * I)262 inline succ_const_range successors(const Instruction *I) {
263   return succ_const_range(succ_begin(I), succ_end(I));
264 }
265 
succ_begin(BasicBlock * BB)266 inline succ_iterator succ_begin(BasicBlock *BB) {
267   return succ_iterator(BB->getTerminator());
268 }
succ_begin(const BasicBlock * BB)269 inline succ_const_iterator succ_begin(const BasicBlock *BB) {
270   return succ_const_iterator(BB->getTerminator());
271 }
succ_end(BasicBlock * BB)272 inline succ_iterator succ_end(BasicBlock *BB) {
273   return succ_iterator(BB->getTerminator(), true);
274 }
succ_end(const BasicBlock * BB)275 inline succ_const_iterator succ_end(const BasicBlock *BB) {
276   return succ_const_iterator(BB->getTerminator(), true);
277 }
succ_empty(const BasicBlock * BB)278 inline bool succ_empty(const BasicBlock *BB) {
279   return succ_begin(BB) == succ_end(BB);
280 }
succ_size(const BasicBlock * BB)281 inline unsigned succ_size(const BasicBlock *BB) {
282   return std::distance(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB));
283 }
successors(BasicBlock * BB)284 inline succ_range successors(BasicBlock *BB) {
285   return succ_range(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB));
286 }
successors(const BasicBlock * BB)287 inline succ_const_range successors(const BasicBlock *BB) {
288   return succ_const_range(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB));
289 }
290 
291 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
292 // GraphTraits specializations for basic block graphs (CFGs)
293 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
294 
295 // Provide specializations of GraphTraits to be able to treat a function as a
296 // graph of basic blocks...
297 
298 template <> struct GraphTraits<BasicBlock*> {
299   using NodeRef = BasicBlock *;
300   using ChildIteratorType = succ_iterator;
301 
302   static NodeRef getEntryNode(BasicBlock *BB) { return BB; }
303   static ChildIteratorType child_begin(NodeRef N) { return succ_begin(N); }
304   static ChildIteratorType child_end(NodeRef N) { return succ_end(N); }
305 };
306 
307 template <> struct GraphTraits<const BasicBlock*> {
308   using NodeRef = const BasicBlock *;
309   using ChildIteratorType = succ_const_iterator;
310 
311   static NodeRef getEntryNode(const BasicBlock *BB) { return BB; }
312 
313   static ChildIteratorType child_begin(NodeRef N) { return succ_begin(N); }
314   static ChildIteratorType child_end(NodeRef N) { return succ_end(N); }
315 };
316 
317 // Provide specializations of GraphTraits to be able to treat a function as a
318 // graph of basic blocks... and to walk it in inverse order.  Inverse order for
319 // a function is considered to be when traversing the predecessor edges of a BB
320 // instead of the successor edges.
321 //
322 template <> struct GraphTraits<Inverse<BasicBlock*>> {
323   using NodeRef = BasicBlock *;
324   using ChildIteratorType = pred_iterator;
325 
326   static NodeRef getEntryNode(Inverse<BasicBlock *> G) { return G.Graph; }
327   static ChildIteratorType child_begin(NodeRef N) { return pred_begin(N); }
328   static ChildIteratorType child_end(NodeRef N) { return pred_end(N); }
329 };
330 
331 template <> struct GraphTraits<Inverse<const BasicBlock*>> {
332   using NodeRef = const BasicBlock *;
333   using ChildIteratorType = const_pred_iterator;
334 
335   static NodeRef getEntryNode(Inverse<const BasicBlock *> G) { return G.Graph; }
336   static ChildIteratorType child_begin(NodeRef N) { return pred_begin(N); }
337   static ChildIteratorType child_end(NodeRef N) { return pred_end(N); }
338 };
339 
340 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
341 // GraphTraits specializations for function basic block graphs (CFGs)
342 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
343 
344 // Provide specializations of GraphTraits to be able to treat a function as a
345 // graph of basic blocks... these are the same as the basic block iterators,
346 // except that the root node is implicitly the first node of the function.
347 //
348 template <> struct GraphTraits<Function*> : public GraphTraits<BasicBlock*> {
349   static NodeRef getEntryNode(Function *F) { return &F->getEntryBlock(); }
350 
351   // nodes_iterator/begin/end - Allow iteration over all nodes in the graph
352   using nodes_iterator = pointer_iterator<Function::iterator>;
353 
354   static nodes_iterator nodes_begin(Function *F) {
355     return nodes_iterator(F->begin());
356   }
357 
358   static nodes_iterator nodes_end(Function *F) {
359     return nodes_iterator(F->end());
360   }
361 
362   static size_t size(Function *F) { return F->size(); }
363 };
364 template <> struct GraphTraits<const Function*> :
365   public GraphTraits<const BasicBlock*> {
366   static NodeRef getEntryNode(const Function *F) { return &F->getEntryBlock(); }
367 
368   // nodes_iterator/begin/end - Allow iteration over all nodes in the graph
369   using nodes_iterator = pointer_iterator<Function::const_iterator>;
370 
371   static nodes_iterator nodes_begin(const Function *F) {
372     return nodes_iterator(F->begin());
373   }
374 
375   static nodes_iterator nodes_end(const Function *F) {
376     return nodes_iterator(F->end());
377   }
378 
379   static size_t size(const Function *F) { return F->size(); }
380 };
381 
382 // Provide specializations of GraphTraits to be able to treat a function as a
383 // graph of basic blocks... and to walk it in inverse order.  Inverse order for
384 // a function is considered to be when traversing the predecessor edges of a BB
385 // instead of the successor edges.
386 //
387 template <> struct GraphTraits<Inverse<Function*>> :
388   public GraphTraits<Inverse<BasicBlock*>> {
389   static NodeRef getEntryNode(Inverse<Function *> G) {
390     return &G.Graph->getEntryBlock();
391   }
392 };
393 template <> struct GraphTraits<Inverse<const Function*>> :
394   public GraphTraits<Inverse<const BasicBlock*>> {
395   static NodeRef getEntryNode(Inverse<const Function *> G) {
396     return &G.Graph->getEntryBlock();
397   }
398 };
399 
400 } // end namespace llvm
401 
402 #endif // LLVM_IR_CFG_H
403