// Copyright 2015-2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0

[[clears]]
= Clear Commands


[[clears-outside]]
== Clearing Images Outside A Render Pass Instance

Color and depth/stencil images can: be cleared outside a render pass
instance using flink:vkCmdClearColorImage or
flink:vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage, respectively.
These commands are only allowed outside of a render pass instance.

[open,refpage='vkCmdClearColorImage',desc='Clear regions of a color image',type='protos']
--
To clear one or more subranges of a color image, call:

include::{generated}/api/protos/vkCmdClearColorImage.adoc[]

  * pname:commandBuffer is the command buffer into which the command will be
    recorded.
  * pname:image is the image to be cleared.
  * pname:imageLayout specifies the current layout of the image subresource
    ranges to be cleared, and must: be
ifdef::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR,
endif::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL.
  * pname:pColor is a pointer to a slink:VkClearColorValue structure
    containing the values that the image subresource ranges will be cleared
    to (see <<clears-values>> below).
  * pname:rangeCount is the number of image subresource range structures in
    pname:pRanges.
  * pname:pRanges is a pointer to an array of slink:VkImageSubresourceRange
    structures describing a range of mipmap levels, array layers, and
    aspects to be cleared, as described in <<resources-image-views,Image
    Views>>.

Each specified range in pname:pRanges is cleared to the value specified by
pname:pColor.

.Valid Usage
****
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-01993]]
    The <<resources-image-format-features,format features>> of pname:image
    must: contain ename:VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00002]]
    pname:image must: have been created with
    ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT usage flag
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-01545]]
    pname:image must: not use any of the
    <<formats-requiring-sampler-ycbcr-conversion, formats that require a
    sampler {YCbCr} conversion>>
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00003]]
    If pname:image is non-sparse then it must: be bound completely and
    contiguously to a single sname:VkDeviceMemory object
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-00004]]
    pname:imageLayout must: specify the layout of the image subresource
    ranges of pname:image specified in pname:pRanges at the time this
    command is executed on a sname:VkDevice
ifndef::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-00005]]
    pname:imageLayout must: be ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
endif::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-01394]]
    pname:imageLayout must: be ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL, or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR
endif::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-aspectMask-02498]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:aspectMask members of the
    elements of the pname:pRanges array must: each only include
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-baseMipLevel-01470]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:baseMipLevel members of the
    elements of the pname:pRanges array must: each be less than the
    pname:mipLevels specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when pname:image
    was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pRanges-01692]]
    For each slink:VkImageSubresourceRange element of pname:pRanges, if the
    pname:levelCount member is not ename:VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS, then
    [eq]#pname:baseMipLevel {plus} pname:levelCount# must: be less than or
    equal to the pname:mipLevels specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when
    pname:image was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-baseArrayLayer-01472]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:baseArrayLayer members of the
    elements of the pname:pRanges array must: each be less than the
    pname:arrayLayers specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when pname:image
    was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pRanges-01693]]
    For each slink:VkImageSubresourceRange element of pname:pRanges, if the
    pname:layerCount member is not ename:VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS, then
    [eq]#pname:baseArrayLayer {plus} pname:layerCount# must: be less than or
    equal to the pname:arrayLayers specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when
    pname:image was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00007]]
    pname:image must: not have a compressed or depth/stencil format
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pColor-04961]]
    pname:pColor must: be a valid pointer to a slink:VkClearColorValue union
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-01805]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is an unprotected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:image must: not be a protected image
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-01806]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is a protected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    must: not be an unprotected image
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/protos/vkCmdClearColorImage.adoc[]
--

[open,refpage='vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage',desc='Fill regions of a combined depth/stencil image',type='protos']
--
To clear one or more subranges of a depth/stencil image, call:

include::{generated}/api/protos/vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage.adoc[]

  * pname:commandBuffer is the command buffer into which the command will be
    recorded.
  * pname:image is the image to be cleared.
  * pname:imageLayout specifies the current layout of the image subresource
    ranges to be cleared, and must: be ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL.
  * pname:pDepthStencil is a pointer to a slink:VkClearDepthStencilValue
    structure containing the values that the depth and stencil image
    subresource ranges will be cleared to (see <<clears-values>> below).
  * pname:rangeCount is the number of image subresource range structures in
    pname:pRanges.
  * pname:pRanges is a pointer to an array of slink:VkImageSubresourceRange
    structures describing a range of mipmap levels, array layers, and
    aspects to be cleared, as described in <<resources-image-views,Image
    Views>>.

.Valid Usage
****
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-01994]]
    The <<resources-image-format-features,format features>> of pname:image
    must: contain ename:VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
ifndef::VK_VERSION_1_2,VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-00009]]
    pname:image must: have been created with
    ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT usage flag
endif::VK_VERSION_1_2,VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage[]
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_2,VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02658]]
    If the pname:aspect member of any element of pname:pRanges includes
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, and pname:image was created with
    <<VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo,separate stencil usage>>,
    ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT must: have been included in the
    slink:VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::pname:stencilUsage used to create
    pname:image
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02659]]
    If the pname:aspect member of any element of pname:pRanges includes
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, and pname:image was not created with
    <<VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo,separate stencil usage>>,
    ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT must: have been included in the
    slink:VkImageCreateInfo::pname:usage used to create pname:image
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02660]]
    If the pname:aspect member of any element of pname:pRanges includes
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT
    must: have been included in the slink:VkImageCreateInfo::pname:usage
    used to create pname:image
endif::VK_VERSION_1_2,VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-00010]]
    If pname:image is non-sparse then it must: be bound completely and
    contiguously to a single sname:VkDeviceMemory object
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-imageLayout-00011]]
    pname:imageLayout must: specify the layout of the image subresource
    ranges of pname:image specified in pname:pRanges at the time this
    command is executed on a sname:VkDevice
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-imageLayout-00012]]
    pname:imageLayout must: be either of
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-aspectMask-02824]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:aspectMask member of each
    element of the pname:pRanges array must: not include bits other than
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT or ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-02825]]
    If the pname:image's format does not have a stencil component, then the
    slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:aspectMask member of each element
    of the pname:pRanges array must: not include the
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT bit
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-02826]]
    If the pname:image's format does not have a depth component, then the
    slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:aspectMask member of each element
    of the pname:pRanges array must: not include the
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT bit
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-baseMipLevel-01474]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:baseMipLevel members of the
    elements of the pname:pRanges array must: each be less than the
    pname:mipLevels specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when pname:image
    was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-01694]]
    For each slink:VkImageSubresourceRange element of pname:pRanges, if the
    pname:levelCount member is not ename:VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS, then
    [eq]#pname:baseMipLevel {plus} pname:levelCount# must: be less than or
    equal to the pname:mipLevels specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when
    pname:image was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-baseArrayLayer-01476]]
    The slink:VkImageSubresourceRange::pname:baseArrayLayer members of the
    elements of the pname:pRanges array must: each be less than the
    pname:arrayLayers specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when pname:image
    was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-01695]]
    For each slink:VkImageSubresourceRange element of pname:pRanges, if the
    pname:layerCount member is not ename:VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS, then
    [eq]#pname:baseArrayLayer {plus} pname:layerCount# must: be less than or
    equal to the pname:arrayLayers specified in slink:VkImageCreateInfo when
    pname:image was created
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-00014]]
    pname:image must: have a depth/stencil format
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-01807]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is an unprotected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:image must: not be a protected image
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-01808]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is a protected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:image must: not be an unprotected image
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/protos/vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage.adoc[]
--

Clears outside render pass instances are treated as transfer operations for
the purposes of memory barriers.


[[clears-inside]]
== Clearing Images Inside A Render Pass Instance

[open,refpage='vkCmdClearAttachments',desc='Clear regions within bound framebuffer attachments',type='protos']
--
To clear one or more regions of color and depth/stencil attachments inside a
render pass instance, call:

include::{generated}/api/protos/vkCmdClearAttachments.adoc[]

  * pname:commandBuffer is the command buffer into which the command will be
    recorded.
  * pname:attachmentCount is the number of entries in the pname:pAttachments
    array.
  * pname:pAttachments is a pointer to an array of slink:VkClearAttachment
    structures defining the attachments to clear and the clear values to
    use.
  * pname:rectCount is the number of entries in the pname:pRects array.
  * pname:pRects is a pointer to an array of slink:VkClearRect structures
    defining regions within each selected attachment to clear.

ifdef::VK_EXT_fragment_density_map[]
If the render pass has a <<renderpass-fragmentdensitymapattachment,fragment
density map attachment>>, clears follow the
<<fragmentdensitymapops,operations of fragment density maps>> as if each
clear region was a primitive which generates fragments.
The clear color is applied to all pixels inside each fragment's area
regardless if the pixels lie outside of the clear region.
Clears may: have a different set of supported fragment areas than draws.
endif::VK_EXT_fragment_density_map[]

Unlike other <<clears,clear commands>>, flink:vkCmdClearAttachments is not a
transfer command.
It performs its operations in <<primsrast-order, rasterization order>>.
For color attachments, the operations are executed as color attachment
writes, by the ename:VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT stage.
For depth/stencil attachments, the operations are executed as
<<fragops-depth, depth writes>> and <<fragops-stencil, stencil writes>> by
the ename:VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT and
ename:VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT stages.

fname:vkCmdClearAttachments is not affected by the bound pipeline state.

[NOTE]
.Note
====
It is generally preferable to clear attachments by using the
ename:VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR load operation at the start of rendering,
as it is more efficient on some implementations.
====

If any attachment's pname:aspectMask to be cleared is not backed by an image
view, the clear has no effect on that aspect.

.Valid Usage
****
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pAttachments-07270]]
    For each element of pname:pAttachments, the corresponding attachment in
    the current render pass instance must: either not be backed by an image
    view, or contain each of the aspects specified in pname:aspectMask
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-aspectMask-07271]]
    If the pname:aspectMask member of any element of pname:pAttachments
    contains ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, the pname:colorAttachment
    must: be a valid color attachment index in the current render pass
    instance
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-rect-02682]]
    The pname:rect member of each element of pname:pRects must: have an
    pname:extent.width greater than `0`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-rect-02683]]
    The pname:rect member of each element of pname:pRects must: have an
    pname:extent.height greater than `0`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pRects-00016]]
    The rectangular region specified by each element of pname:pRects must:
    be contained within the render area of the current render pass instance
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pRects-06937]]
    The layers specified by each element of pname:pRects must: be contained
    within every attachment that pname:pAttachments refers to, i.e. for each
    element of pname:pRects, slink:VkClearRect::pname:baseArrayLayer {plus}
    slink:VkClearRect::pname:layerCount must: be less than or equal to the
    number of layers rendered to in the current render pass instance
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-layerCount-01934]]
    The pname:layerCount member of each element of pname:pRects must: not be
    `0`
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-02504]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is an unprotected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    each attachment to be cleared must: not be a protected image
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-02505]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is a protected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    each attachment to be cleared must: not be an unprotected image
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_multiview[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-baseArrayLayer-00018]]
    If the render pass instance this is recorded in uses multiview, then
    pname:baseArrayLayer must: be zero and pname:layerCount must: be one
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_multiview[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/protos/vkCmdClearAttachments.adoc[]
--

[open,refpage='VkClearRect',desc='Structure specifying a clear rectangle',type='structs']
--
The sname:VkClearRect structure is defined as:

include::{generated}/api/structs/VkClearRect.adoc[]

  * pname:rect is the two-dimensional region to be cleared.
  * pname:baseArrayLayer is the first layer to be cleared.
  * pname:layerCount is the number of layers to clear.

The layers [eq]#[pname:baseArrayLayer, pname:baseArrayLayer {plus}
pname:layerCount)# counting from the base layer of the attachment image view
are cleared.

include::{generated}/validity/structs/VkClearRect.adoc[]
--

[open,refpage='VkClearAttachment',desc='Structure specifying a clear attachment',type='structs']
--
The sname:VkClearAttachment structure is defined as:

include::{generated}/api/structs/VkClearAttachment.adoc[]

  * pname:aspectMask is a mask selecting the color, depth and/or stencil
    aspects of the attachment to be cleared.
  * pname:colorAttachment is only meaningful if
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT is set in pname:aspectMask, in which
    case it is an index into the currently bound color attachments.
  * pname:clearValue is the color or depth/stencil value to clear the
    attachment to, as described in <<clears-values,Clear Values>> below.

.Valid Usage
****
  * [[VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-00019]]
    If pname:aspectMask includes ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, it must:
    not include ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT or
    ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT
  * [[VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-00020]]
    pname:aspectMask must: not include ename:VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT
ifdef::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[]
  * [[VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-02246]]
    pname:aspectMask must: not include
    `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE__{ibit}__BIT_EXT` for any index _i_
endif::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[]
  * [[VUID-VkClearAttachment-clearValue-00021]]
    pname:clearValue must: be a valid sname:VkClearValue union
****

include::{generated}/validity/structs/VkClearAttachment.adoc[]
--


[[clears-values]]
== Clear Values

[open,refpage='VkClearColorValue',desc='Structure specifying a clear color value',type='structs']
--
The sname:VkClearColorValue structure is defined as:

include::{generated}/api/structs/VkClearColorValue.adoc[]

  * pname:float32 are the color clear values when the format of the image or
    attachment is one of the formats in the <<formats-numericformat>> table
    other than signed integer (etext:SINT) or unsigned integer (etext:UINT).
    Floating point values are automatically converted to the format of the
    image, with the clear value being treated as linear if the image is
    sRGB.
  * pname:int32 are the color clear values when the format of the image or
    attachment is signed integer (etext:SINT).
    Signed integer values are converted to the format of the image by
    casting to the smaller type (with negative 32-bit values mapping to
    negative values in the smaller type).
    If the integer clear value is not representable in the target type (e.g.
    would overflow in conversion to that type), the clear value is
    undefined:.
  * pname:uint32 are the color clear values when the format of the image or
    attachment is unsigned integer (etext:UINT).
    Unsigned integer values are converted to the format of the image by
    casting to the integer type with fewer bits.

The four array elements of the clear color map to R, G, B, and A components
of image formats, in order.

If the image has more than one sample, the same value is written to all
samples for any pixels being cleared.

include::{generated}/validity/structs/VkClearColorValue.adoc[]
--

[open,refpage='VkClearDepthStencilValue',desc='Structure specifying a clear depth stencil value',type='structs']
--
The sname:VkClearDepthStencilValue structure is defined as:

include::{generated}/api/structs/VkClearDepthStencilValue.adoc[]

  * pname:depth is the clear value for the depth aspect of the depth/stencil
    attachment.
    It is a floating-point value which is automatically converted to the
    attachment's format.
  * pname:stencil is the clear value for the stencil aspect of the
    depth/stencil attachment.
    It is a 32-bit integer value which is converted to the attachment's
    format by taking the appropriate number of LSBs.

.Valid Usage
****
ifdef::VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted[]
  * [[VUID-VkClearDepthStencilValue-depth-00022]]
    Unless the `apiext:VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted` extension is enabled
    pname:depth must: be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive
endif::VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted[]
ifndef::VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted[]
  * [[VUID-VkClearDepthStencilValue-depth-02506]]
    pname:depth must: be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive
endif::VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/structs/VkClearDepthStencilValue.adoc[]
--

[open,refpage='VkClearValue',desc='Structure specifying a clear value',type='structs']
--
The sname:VkClearValue union is defined as:

include::{generated}/api/structs/VkClearValue.adoc[]

  * pname:color specifies the color image clear values to use when clearing
    a color image or attachment.
  * pname:depthStencil specifies the depth and stencil clear values to use
    when clearing a depth/stencil image or attachment.

This union is used where part of the API requires either color or
depth/stencil clear values, depending on the attachment, and defines the
initial clear values in the slink:VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure.

include::{generated}/validity/structs/VkClearValue.adoc[]
--


[[clears-filling-buffers]]
== Filling Buffers

[open,refpage='vkCmdFillBuffer',desc='Fill a region of a buffer with a fixed value',type='protos']
--
To clear buffer data, call:

include::{generated}/api/protos/vkCmdFillBuffer.adoc[]

  * pname:commandBuffer is the command buffer into which the command will be
    recorded.
  * pname:dstBuffer is the buffer to be filled.
  * pname:dstOffset is the byte offset into the buffer at which to start
    filling, and must: be a multiple of 4.
  * pname:size is the number of bytes to fill, and must: be either a
    multiple of 4, or ename:VK_WHOLE_SIZE to fill the range from
    pname:offset to the end of the buffer.
    If ename:VK_WHOLE_SIZE is used and the remaining size of the buffer is
    not a multiple of 4, then the nearest smaller multiple is used.
  * pname:data is the 4-byte word written repeatedly to the buffer to fill
    pname:size bytes of data.
    The data word is written to memory according to the host endianness.

fname:vkCmdFillBuffer is treated as a "`transfer`" operation for the
purposes of synchronization barriers.
The ename:VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT must: be specified in pname:usage
of slink:VkBufferCreateInfo in order for the buffer to be compatible with
fname:vkCmdFillBuffer.

.Valid Usage
****
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstOffset-00024]]
    pname:dstOffset must: be less than the size of pname:dstBuffer
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstOffset-00025]]
    pname:dstOffset must: be a multiple of `4`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00026]]
    If pname:size is not equal to ename:VK_WHOLE_SIZE, pname:size must: be
    greater than `0`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00027]]
    If pname:size is not equal to ename:VK_WHOLE_SIZE, pname:size must: be
    less than or equal to the size of pname:dstBuffer minus pname:dstOffset
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00028]]
    If pname:size is not equal to ename:VK_WHOLE_SIZE, pname:size must: be a
    multiple of `4`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstBuffer-00029]]
    pname:dstBuffer must: have been created with
    ename:VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT usage flag
ifndef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-00030]]
    The sname:VkCommandPool that pname:commandBuffer was allocated from
    must: support graphics or compute operations
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_maintenance1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstBuffer-00031]]
    If pname:dstBuffer is non-sparse then it must: be bound completely and
    contiguously to a single sname:VkDeviceMemory object
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-01811]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is an unprotected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:dstBuffer must: not be a protected buffer
  * [[VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-01812]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is a protected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:dstBuffer must: not be an unprotected buffer
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/protos/vkCmdFillBuffer.adoc[]
--


[[clears-updating-buffers]]
== Updating Buffers

[open,refpage='vkCmdUpdateBuffer',desc='Update a buffer\'s contents from host memory',type='protos']
--
To update buffer data inline in a command buffer, call:

include::{generated}/api/protos/vkCmdUpdateBuffer.adoc[]

  * pname:commandBuffer is the command buffer into which the command will be
    recorded.
  * pname:dstBuffer is a handle to the buffer to be updated.
  * pname:dstOffset is the byte offset into the buffer to start updating,
    and must: be a multiple of 4.
  * pname:dataSize is the number of bytes to update, and must: be a multiple
    of 4.
  * pname:pData is a pointer to the source data for the buffer update, and
    must: be at least pname:dataSize bytes in size.

pname:dataSize must: be less than or equal to 65536 bytes.
For larger updates, applications can: use buffer to buffer
<<copies-buffers,copies>>.

[NOTE]
.Note
====
Buffer updates performed with fname:vkCmdUpdateBuffer first copy the data
into command buffer memory when the command is recorded (which requires
additional storage and may incur an additional allocation), and then copy
the data from the command buffer into pname:dstBuffer when the command is
executed on a device.

The additional cost of this functionality compared to <<copies-buffers,
buffer to buffer copies>> means it is only recommended for very small
amounts of data, and is why it is limited to only 65536 bytes.

Applications can: work around this by issuing multiple
fname:vkCmdUpdateBuffer commands to different ranges of the same buffer, but
it is strongly recommended that they should: not.
====

The source data is copied from the user pointer to the command buffer when
the command is called.

fname:vkCmdUpdateBuffer is only allowed outside of a render pass.
This command is treated as a "`transfer`" operation for the purposes of
synchronization barriers.
The ename:VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT must: be specified in pname:usage
of slink:VkBufferCreateInfo in order for the buffer to be compatible with
fname:vkCmdUpdateBuffer.

.Valid Usage
****
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstOffset-00032]]
    pname:dstOffset must: be less than the size of pname:dstBuffer
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00033]]
    pname:dataSize must: be less than or equal to the size of
    pname:dstBuffer minus pname:dstOffset
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstBuffer-00034]]
    pname:dstBuffer must: have been created with
    ename:VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT usage flag
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstBuffer-00035]]
    If pname:dstBuffer is non-sparse then it must: be bound completely and
    contiguously to a single sname:VkDeviceMemory object
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstOffset-00036]]
    pname:dstOffset must: be a multiple of `4`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00037]]
    pname:dataSize must: be less than or equal to `65536`
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00038]]
    pname:dataSize must: be a multiple of `4`
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-01813]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is an unprotected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:dstBuffer must: not be a protected buffer
  * [[VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-01814]]
    If pname:commandBuffer is a protected command buffer and
    <<limits-protectedNoFault, pname:protectedNoFault>> is not supported,
    pname:dstBuffer must: not be an unprotected buffer
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[]
****

include::{generated}/validity/protos/vkCmdUpdateBuffer.adoc[]
--

[NOTE]
.Note
====
The pname:pData parameter was of type code:uint32_t* instead of code:void*
prior to version 1.0.19 of the Specification and dlink:VK_HEADER_VERSION 19
of the <<boilerplate-headers,Vulkan Header Files>>.
This was a historical anomaly, as the source data may be of other types.
====
