1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/favicon.ico" /><style type="text/css"> 4TD {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 5BODY {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em} 6H1 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 7H2 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 8H3 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 9A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline } 10</style><title>Upgrading 1.x code</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#a06060" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="120"><a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/"><img src="epatents.png" alt="Action against software patents" /></a></td><td width="180"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/"><img src="gnome2.png" alt="Gnome2 Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.w3.org/Status"><img src="w3c.png" alt="W3C Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><img src="redhat.gif" alt="Red Hat Logo" /></a><div align="left"><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-180x168.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></div></td><td><table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#fffacd"><tr><td align="center"><h1>The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome</h1><h2>Upgrading 1.x code</h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="200" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" 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href="http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/dist/XML-LibXML">Perl bindings</a></li><li><a href="https://libxmlplusplus.github.io/libxmlplusplus/">C++ bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zend.com/php5/articles/php5-xmlphp.php#Heading4">PHP bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libxml2-pas/">Pascal bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://libxml.rubyforge.org/">Ruby bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://tclxml.sourceforge.net/">Tcl bindings</a></li><li><a href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/issues">Bug Tracker</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td valign="top" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Incompatible changes:</p><p>Version 2 of libxml2 is the first version introducing serious backward 11incompatible changes. The main goals were:</p><ul> 12 <li>a general cleanup. A number of mistakes inherited from the very early 13 versions couldn't be changed due to compatibility constraints. Example 14 the "childs" element in the nodes.</li> 15 <li>Uniformization of the various nodes, at least for their header and link 16 parts (doc, parent, children, prev, next), the goal is a simpler 17 programming model and simplifying the task of the DOM implementors.</li> 18 <li>better conformances to the XML specification, for example version 1.x 19 had an heuristic to try to detect ignorable white spaces. As a result the 20 SAX event generated were ignorableWhitespace() while the spec requires 21 character() in that case. This also mean that a number of DOM node 22 containing blank text may populate the DOM tree which were not present 23 before.</li> 24</ul><h3>How to fix libxml-1.x code:</h3><p>So client code of libxml designed to run with version 1.x may have to be 25changed to compile against version 2.x of libxml. Here is a list of changes 26that I have collected, they may not be sufficient, so in case you find other 27change which are required, <a href="mailto:Daniel.Veillard@w3.org">drop me a 28mail</a>:</p><ol> 29 <li>The package name have changed from libxml to libxml2, the library name 30 is now -lxml2 . There is a new xml2-config script which should be used to 31 select the right parameters libxml2</li> 32 <li>Node <strong>childs</strong> field has been renamed 33 <strong>children</strong> so s/childs/children/g should be applied 34 (probability of having "childs" anywhere else is close to 0+</li> 35 <li>The document don't have anymore a <strong>root</strong> element it has 36 been replaced by <strong>children</strong> and usually you will get a 37 list of element here. For example a Dtd element for the internal subset 38 and it's declaration may be found in that list, as well as processing 39 instructions or comments found before or after the document root element. 40 Use <strong>xmlDocGetRootElement(doc)</strong> to get the root element of 41 a document. Alternatively if you are sure to not reference DTDs nor have 42 PIs or comments before or after the root element 43 s/->root/->children/g will probably do it.</li> 44 <li>The white space issue, this one is more complex, unless special case of 45 validating parsing, the line breaks and spaces usually used for indenting 46 and formatting the document content becomes significant. So they are 47 reported by SAX and if your using the DOM tree, corresponding nodes are 48 generated. Too approach can be taken: 49 <ol> 50 <li>lazy one, use the compatibility call 51 <strong>xmlKeepBlanksDefault(0)</strong> but be aware that you are 52 relying on a special (and possibly broken) set of heuristics of 53 libxml to detect ignorable blanks. Don't complain if it breaks or 54 make your application not 100% clean w.r.t. to it's input.</li> 55 <li>the Right Way: change you code to accept possibly insignificant 56 blanks characters, or have your tree populated with weird blank text 57 nodes. You can spot them using the commodity function 58 <strong>xmlIsBlankNode(node)</strong> returning 1 for such blank 59 nodes.</li> 60 </ol> 61 <p>Note also that with the new default the output functions don't add any 62 extra indentation when saving a tree in order to be able to round trip 63 (read and save) without inflating the document with extra formatting 64 chars.</p> 65 </li> 66 <li>The include path has changed to $prefix/libxml/ and the includes 67 themselves uses this new prefix in includes instructions... If you are 68 using (as expected) the 69 <pre>xml2-config --cflags</pre> 70 <p>output to generate you compile commands this will probably work out of 71 the box</p> 72 </li> 73 <li>xmlDetectCharEncoding takes an extra argument indicating the length in 74 byte of the head of the document available for character detection.</li> 75</ol><h3>Ensuring both libxml-1.x and libxml-2.x compatibility</h3><p>Two new version of libxml (1.8.11) and libxml2 (2.3.4) have been released 76to allow smooth upgrade of existing libxml v1code while retaining 77compatibility. They offers the following:</p><ol> 78 <li>similar include naming, one should use 79 <strong>#include<libxml/...></strong> in both cases.</li> 80 <li>similar identifiers defined via macros for the child and root fields: 81 respectively <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong> and 82 <strong>xmlRootNode</strong></li> 83 <li>a new macro <strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> which should be 84 inserted once in the client code</li> 85</ol><p>So the roadmap to upgrade your existing libxml applications is the 86following:</p><ol> 87 <li>install the libxml-1.8.8 (and libxml-devel-1.8.8) packages</li> 88 <li>find all occurrences where the xmlDoc <strong>root</strong> field is 89 used and change it to <strong>xmlRootNode</strong></li> 90 <li>similarly find all occurrences where the xmlNode 91 <strong>childs</strong> field is used and change it to 92 <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong></li> 93 <li>add a <strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> macro somewhere in your 94 <strong>main()</strong> or in the library init entry point</li> 95 <li>Recompile, check compatibility, it should still work</li> 96 <li>Change your configure script to look first for xml2-config and fall 97 back using xml-config . Use the --cflags and --libs output of the command 98 as the Include and Linking parameters needed to use libxml.</li> 99 <li>install libxml2-2.3.x and libxml2-devel-2.3.x (libxml-1.8.y and 100 libxml-devel-1.8.y can be kept simultaneously)</li> 101 <li>remove your config.cache, relaunch your configuration mechanism, and 102 recompile, if steps 2 and 3 were done right it should compile as-is</li> 103 <li>Test that your application is still running correctly, if not this may 104 be due to extra empty nodes due to formatting spaces being kept in libxml2 105 contrary to libxml1, in that case insert xmlKeepBlanksDefault(1) in your 106 code before calling the parser (next to 107 <strong>LIBXML_TEST_VERSION</strong> is a fine place).</li> 108</ol><p>Following those steps should work. It worked for some of my own code.</p><p>Let me put some emphasis on the fact that there is far more changes from 109libxml 1.x to 2.x than the ones you may have to patch for. The overall code 110has been considerably cleaned up and the conformance to the XML specification 111has been drastically improved too. Don't take those changes as an excuse to 112not upgrade, it may cost a lot on the long term ...</p><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html> 113
