1 //
2 // Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
3 //
4 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 //
8 // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 //
10 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 // limitations under the License.
15 //
16 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 // File: flag.h
18 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 //
20 // This header file defines the `absl::Flag<T>` type for holding command-line
21 // flag data, and abstractions to create, get and set such flag data.
22 //
23 // It is important to note that this type is **unspecified** (an implementation
24 // detail) and you do not construct or manipulate actual `absl::Flag<T>`
25 // instances. Instead, you define and declare flags using the
26 // `ABSL_FLAG()` and `ABSL_DECLARE_FLAG()` macros, and get and set flag values
27 // using the `absl::GetFlag()` and `absl::SetFlag()` functions.
28
29 #ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_FLAG_H_
30 #define ABSL_FLAGS_FLAG_H_
31
32 #include <string>
33 #include <type_traits>
34
35 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"
36 #include "absl/base/config.h"
37 #include "absl/base/optimization.h"
38 #include "absl/flags/config.h"
39 #include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
40 #include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
41 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
42
43 namespace absl {
44 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
45
46 // Flag
47 //
48 // An `absl::Flag` holds a command-line flag value, providing a runtime
49 // parameter to a binary. Such flags should be defined in the global namespace
50 // and (preferably) in the module containing the binary's `main()` function.
51 //
52 // You should not construct and cannot use the `absl::Flag` type directly;
53 // instead, you should declare flags using the `ABSL_DECLARE_FLAG()` macro
54 // within a header file, and define your flag using `ABSL_FLAG()` within your
55 // header's associated `.cc` file. Such flags will be named `FLAGS_name`.
56 //
57 // Example:
58 //
59 // .h file
60 //
61 // // Declares usage of a flag named "FLAGS_count"
62 // ABSL_DECLARE_FLAG(int, count);
63 //
64 // .cc file
65 //
66 // // Defines a flag named "FLAGS_count" with a default `int` value of 0.
67 // ABSL_FLAG(int, count, 0, "Count of items to process");
68 //
69 // No public methods of `absl::Flag<T>` are part of the Abseil Flags API.
70 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
71 template <typename T>
72 using Flag = flags_internal::Flag<T>;
73 #else
74 // MSVC debug builds do not implement initialization with constexpr constructors
75 // correctly. To work around this we add a level of indirection, so that the
76 // class `absl::Flag` contains an `internal::Flag*` (instead of being an alias
77 // to that class) and dynamically allocates an instance when necessary. We also
78 // forward all calls to internal::Flag methods via trampoline methods. In this
79 // setup the `absl::Flag` class does not have constructor and virtual methods,
80 // all the data members are public and thus MSVC is able to initialize it at
81 // link time. To deal with multiple threads accessing the flag for the first
82 // time concurrently we use an atomic boolean indicating if flag object is
83 // initialized. We also employ the double-checked locking pattern where the
84 // second level of protection is a global Mutex, so if two threads attempt to
85 // construct the flag concurrently only one wins.
86 // This solution is based on a recomendation here:
87 // https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/336946/class-with-constexpr-constructor-not-using-static.html?childToView=648454#comment-648454
88
89 namespace flags_internal {
90 absl::Mutex* GetGlobalConstructionGuard();
91 } // namespace flags_internal
92
93 template <typename T>
94 class Flag {
95 public:
96 // No constructor and destructor to ensure this is an aggregate type.
97 // Visual Studio 2015 still requires the constructor for class to be
98 // constexpr initializable.
99 #if _MSC_VER <= 1900
100 constexpr Flag(const char* name, const char* filename,
101 const flags_internal::HelpGenFunc help_gen,
102 const flags_internal::FlagDfltGenFunc default_value_gen)
103 : name_(name),
104 filename_(filename),
105 help_gen_(help_gen),
106 default_value_gen_(default_value_gen),
107 inited_(false),
108 impl_(nullptr) {}
109 #endif
110
111 flags_internal::Flag<T>& GetImpl() const {
112 if (!inited_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
113 absl::MutexLock l(flags_internal::GetGlobalConstructionGuard());
114
115 if (inited_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
116 return *impl_;
117 }
118
119 impl_ = new flags_internal::Flag<T>(
120 name_, filename_,
121 {flags_internal::FlagHelpMsg(help_gen_),
122 flags_internal::FlagHelpKind::kGenFunc},
123 {flags_internal::FlagDefaultSrc(default_value_gen_),
124 flags_internal::FlagDefaultKind::kGenFunc});
125 inited_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
126 }
127
128 return *impl_;
129 }
130
131 // Public methods of `absl::Flag<T>` are NOT part of the Abseil Flags API.
132 // See https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/flags
133 bool IsRetired() const { return GetImpl().IsRetired(); }
134 absl::string_view Name() const { return GetImpl().Name(); }
135 std::string Help() const { return GetImpl().Help(); }
136 bool IsModified() const { return GetImpl().IsModified(); }
137 bool IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine() const {
138 return GetImpl().IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine();
139 }
140 std::string Filename() const { return GetImpl().Filename(); }
141 std::string DefaultValue() const { return GetImpl().DefaultValue(); }
142 std::string CurrentValue() const { return GetImpl().CurrentValue(); }
143 template <typename U>
144 inline bool IsOfType() const {
145 return GetImpl().template IsOfType<U>();
146 }
147 T Get() const {
148 return flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeGet<T>(GetImpl());
149 }
150 void Set(const T& v) {
151 flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeSet(GetImpl(), v);
152 }
153 void InvokeCallback() { GetImpl().InvokeCallback(); }
154
155 const CommandLineFlag& Reflect() const {
156 return flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeReflect(GetImpl());
157 }
158
159 // The data members are logically private, but they need to be public for
160 // this to be an aggregate type.
161 const char* name_;
162 const char* filename_;
163 const flags_internal::HelpGenFunc help_gen_;
164 const flags_internal::FlagDfltGenFunc default_value_gen_;
165
166 mutable std::atomic<bool> inited_;
167 mutable flags_internal::Flag<T>* impl_;
168 };
169 #endif
170
171 // GetFlag()
172 //
173 // Returns the value (of type `T`) of an `absl::Flag<T>` instance, by value. Do
174 // not construct an `absl::Flag<T>` directly and call `absl::GetFlag()`;
175 // instead, refer to flag's constructed variable name (e.g. `FLAGS_name`).
176 // Because this function returns by value and not by reference, it is
177 // thread-safe, but note that the operation may be expensive; as a result, avoid
178 // `absl::GetFlag()` within any tight loops.
179 //
180 // Example:
181 //
182 // // FLAGS_count is a Flag of type `int`
183 // int my_count = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_count);
184 //
185 // // FLAGS_firstname is a Flag of type `std::string`
186 // std::string first_name = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_firstname);
187 template <typename T>
GetFlag(const absl::Flag<T> & flag)188 ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT T GetFlag(const absl::Flag<T>& flag) {
189 return flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeGet<T>(flag);
190 }
191
192 // SetFlag()
193 //
194 // Sets the value of an `absl::Flag` to the value `v`. Do not construct an
195 // `absl::Flag<T>` directly and call `absl::SetFlag()`; instead, use the
196 // flag's variable name (e.g. `FLAGS_name`). This function is
197 // thread-safe, but is potentially expensive. Avoid setting flags in general,
198 // but especially within performance-critical code.
199 template <typename T>
SetFlag(absl::Flag<T> * flag,const T & v)200 void SetFlag(absl::Flag<T>* flag, const T& v) {
201 flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeSet(*flag, v);
202 }
203
204 // Overload of `SetFlag()` to allow callers to pass in a value that is
205 // convertible to `T`. E.g., use this overload to pass a "const char*" when `T`
206 // is `std::string`.
207 template <typename T, typename V>
SetFlag(absl::Flag<T> * flag,const V & v)208 void SetFlag(absl::Flag<T>* flag, const V& v) {
209 T value(v);
210 flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeSet(*flag, value);
211 }
212
213 // GetFlagReflectionHandle()
214 //
215 // Returns the reflection handle corresponding to specified Abseil Flag
216 // instance. Use this handle to access flag's reflection information, like name,
217 // location, default value etc.
218 //
219 // Example:
220 //
221 // std::string = absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_count).DefaultValue();
222
223 template <typename T>
GetFlagReflectionHandle(const absl::Flag<T> & f)224 const CommandLineFlag& GetFlagReflectionHandle(const absl::Flag<T>& f) {
225 return flags_internal::FlagImplPeer::InvokeReflect(f);
226 }
227
228 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
229 } // namespace absl
230
231
232 // ABSL_FLAG()
233 //
234 // This macro defines an `absl::Flag<T>` instance of a specified type `T`:
235 //
236 // ABSL_FLAG(T, name, default_value, help);
237 //
238 // where:
239 //
240 // * `T` is a supported flag type (see the list of types in `marshalling.h`),
241 // * `name` designates the name of the flag (as a global variable
242 // `FLAGS_name`),
243 // * `default_value` is an expression holding the default value for this flag
244 // (which must be implicitly convertible to `T`),
245 // * `help` is the help text, which can also be an expression.
246 //
247 // This macro expands to a flag named 'FLAGS_name' of type 'T':
248 //
249 // absl::Flag<T> FLAGS_name = ...;
250 //
251 // Note that all such instances are created as global variables.
252 //
253 // For `ABSL_FLAG()` values that you wish to expose to other translation units,
254 // it is recommended to define those flags within the `.cc` file associated with
255 // the header where the flag is declared.
256 //
257 // Note: do not construct objects of type `absl::Flag<T>` directly. Only use the
258 // `ABSL_FLAG()` macro for such construction.
259 #define ABSL_FLAG(Type, name, default_value, help) \
260 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL(Type, name, default_value, help)
261
262 // ABSL_FLAG().OnUpdate()
263 //
264 // Defines a flag of type `T` with a callback attached:
265 //
266 // ABSL_FLAG(T, name, default_value, help).OnUpdate(callback);
267 //
268 // `callback` should be convertible to `void (*)()`.
269 //
270 // After any setting of the flag value, the callback will be called at least
271 // once. A rapid sequence of changes may be merged together into the same
272 // callback. No concurrent calls to the callback will be made for the same
273 // flag. Callbacks are allowed to read the current value of the flag but must
274 // not mutate that flag.
275 //
276 // The update mechanism guarantees "eventual consistency"; if the callback
277 // derives an auxiliary data structure from the flag value, it is guaranteed
278 // that eventually the flag value and the derived data structure will be
279 // consistent.
280 //
281 // Note: ABSL_FLAG.OnUpdate() does not have a public definition. Hence, this
282 // comment serves as its API documentation.
283
284 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
285 // Implementation details below this section
286 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
287
288 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL macro definition conditional on ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
289 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
290 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag) flag
291 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name) \
292 absl::flags_internal::HelpArg<AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name>( \
293 FLAGS_help_storage_##name)
294 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name) \
295 absl::flags_internal::DefaultArg<Type, AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name>(0)
296 #else
297 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag) flag.GetImpl()
298 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name) &AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name::NonConst
299 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name) &AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name::Gen
300 #endif
301
302 #if ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
303 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(txt) ""
304 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME() ""
305 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
306 absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag), \
307 nullptr)
308 #else
309 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(txt) txt
310 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME() __FILE__
311 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
312 absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, true>(ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag), \
313 __FILE__)
314 #endif
315
316 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL macro definition conditional on ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_HELP
317
318 #if ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_HELP
319 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt) absl::flags_internal::kStrippedFlagHelp
320 #else
321 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt) txt
322 #endif
323
324 // AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name is used to encapsulate both immediate (method Const)
325 // and lazy (method NonConst) evaluation of help message expression. We choose
326 // between the two via the call to HelpArg in absl::Flag instantiation below.
327 // If help message expression is constexpr evaluable compiler will optimize
328 // away this whole struct.
329 // TODO(rogeeff): place these generated structs into local namespace and apply
330 // ABSL_INTERNAL_UNIQUE_SHORT_NAME.
331 // TODO(rogeeff): Apply __attribute__((nodebug)) to FLAGS_help_storage_##name
332 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, txt) \
333 struct AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name { \
334 /* The expression is run in the caller as part of the */ \
335 /* default value argument. That keeps temporaries alive */ \
336 /* long enough for NonConst to work correctly. */ \
337 static constexpr absl::string_view Value( \
338 absl::string_view v = ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt)) { \
339 return v; \
340 } \
341 static std::string NonConst() { return std::string(Value()); } \
342 }; \
343 constexpr auto FLAGS_help_storage_##name ABSL_INTERNAL_UNIQUE_SMALL_NAME() \
344 ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_SECTION_VARIABLE(flags_help_cold) = \
345 absl::flags_internal::HelpStringAsArray<AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name>( \
346 0);
347
348 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value) \
349 struct AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name { \
350 Type value = absl::flags_internal::InitDefaultValue<Type>(default_value); \
351 static void Gen(void* p) { \
352 new (p) Type(AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name{}.value); \
353 } \
354 };
355
356 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL
357 //
358 // Note: Name of registrar object is not arbitrary. It is used to "grab"
359 // global name for FLAGS_no<flag_name> symbol, thus preventing the possibility
360 // of defining two flags with names foo and nofoo.
361 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL(Type, name, default_value, help) \
362 namespace absl /* block flags in namespaces */ {} \
363 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value) \
364 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, help) \
365 ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<Type> FLAGS_##name{ \
366 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(#name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME(), \
367 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name)}; \
368 extern absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name; \
369 absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name = \
370 ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(Type, FLAGS_##name)
371
372 // ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG
373 //
374 // Designates the flag (which is usually pre-existing) as "retired." A retired
375 // flag is a flag that is now unused by the program, but may still be passed on
376 // the command line, usually by production scripts. A retired flag is ignored
377 // and code can't access it at runtime.
378 //
379 // This macro registers a retired flag with given name and type, with a name
380 // identical to the name of the original flag you are retiring. The retired
381 // flag's type can change over time, so that you can retire code to support a
382 // custom flag type.
383 //
384 // This macro has the same signature as `ABSL_FLAG`. To retire a flag, simply
385 // replace an `ABSL_FLAG` definition with `ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG`, leaving the
386 // arguments unchanged (unless of course you actually want to retire the flag
387 // type at this time as well).
388 //
389 // `default_value` is only used as a double check on the type. `explanation` is
390 // unused.
391 // TODO(rogeeff): replace RETIRED_FLAGS with FLAGS once forward declarations of
392 // retired flags are cleaned up.
393 #define ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG(type, name, default_value, explanation) \
394 static absl::flags_internal::RetiredFlag<type> RETIRED_FLAGS_##name; \
395 ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED static const auto RETIRED_FLAGS_REG_##name = \
396 (RETIRED_FLAGS_##name.Retire(#name), \
397 ::absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty{})
398
399 #endif // ABSL_FLAGS_FLAG_H_
400