1# <small>nlohmann::basic_json::</small>parse 2 3```cpp 4// (1) 5template<typename InputType> 6static basic_json parse(InputType&& i, 7 const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr, 8 const bool allow_exceptions = true, 9 const bool ignore_comments = false); 10 11// (2) 12template<typename IteratorType> 13static basic_json parse(IteratorType first, IteratorType last, 14 const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr, 15 const bool allow_exceptions = true, 16 const bool ignore_comments = false); 17``` 18 191. Deserialize from a compatible input. 202. Deserialize from a pair of character iterators 21 22 The `value_type` of the iterator must be an integral type with size of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted 23 respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32. 24 25## Template parameters 26 27`InputType` 28: A compatible input, for instance: 29 30 - an `std::istream` object 31 - a `FILE` pointer (must not be null) 32 - a C-style array of characters 33 - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters 34 - a `std::string` 35 - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators. 36 37`IteratorType` 38: a compatible iterator type, for instance. 39 40 - a pair of `std::string::iterator` or `std::vector<std::uint8_t>::iterator` 41 - a pair of pointers such as `ptr` and `ptr + len` 42 43## Parameters 44 45`i` (in) 46: Input to parse from. 47 48`cb` (in) 49: a parser callback function of type [`parser_callback_t`](parser_callback_t.md) which is used to control the 50 deserialization by filtering unwanted values (optional) 51 52`allow_exceptions` (in) 53: whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default) 54 55`ignore_comments` (in) 56: whether comments should be ignored and treated like whitespace (`#!cpp true`) or yield a parse error 57 (`#!cpp false`); (optional, `#!cpp false` by default) 58 59`first` (in) 60: iterator to start of character range 61 62`last` (in) 63: iterator to end of character range 64 65## Return value 66 67Deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be 68`value_t::discarded`. The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md). 69 70## Exception safety 71 72Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value. 73 74## Exceptions 75 76- Throws [`parse_error.101`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) in case of an unexpected token. 77- Throws [`parse_error.102`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error102) if to_unicode fails or surrogate 78 error. 79- Throws [`parse_error.103`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error103) if to_unicode fails. 80 81## Complexity 82 83Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser 84callback function `cb` or reading from (1) the input `i` or (2) the iterator range [`first`, `last`] has a 85super-linear complexity. 86 87## Notes 88 89(1) A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored. 90 91!!! danger "Runtime assertion" 92 93 The precondition that a passed `#!cpp FILE` pointer must not be null is enforced with a 94 [runtime assertion](../../features/assertions.md). 95 96## Examples 97 98??? example "Parsing from a character array" 99 100 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from an array. 101 102 ```cpp 103 --8<-- "examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.cpp" 104 ``` 105 106 Output: 107 108 ```json 109 --8<-- "examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.output" 110 ``` 111 112??? example "Parsing from a string" 113 114 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with and without callback function. 115 116 ```cpp 117 --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp" 118 ``` 119 120 Output: 121 122 ```json 123 --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output" 124 ``` 125 126??? example "Parsing from an input stream" 127 128 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with and without callback function. 129 130 ```cpp 131 --8<-- "examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.cpp" 132 ``` 133 134 Output: 135 136 ```json 137 --8<-- "examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.output" 138 ``` 139 140??? example "Parsing from a contiguous container" 141 142 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from a contiguous container. 143 144 ```cpp 145 --8<-- "examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.cpp" 146 ``` 147 148 Output: 149 150 ```json 151 --8<-- "examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.output" 152 ``` 153 154??? example "Parsing from a non null-terminated string" 155 156 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from a string that is not null-terminated. 157 158 ```cpp 159 --8<-- "examples/parse__pointers.cpp" 160 ``` 161 162 Output: 163 164 ```json 165 --8<-- "examples/parse__pointers.output" 166 ``` 167 168??? example "Parsing from an iterator pair" 169 170 The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from an iterator pair. 171 172 ```cpp 173 --8<-- "examples/parse__iterator_pair.cpp" 174 ``` 175 176 Output: 177 178 ```json 179 --8<-- "examples/parse__iterator_pair.output" 180 ``` 181 182??? example "Effect of `allow_exceptions` parameter" 183 184 The example below demonstrates the effect of the `allow_exceptions` parameter in the ´parse()` function. 185 186 ```cpp 187 --8<-- "examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp" 188 ``` 189 190 Output: 191 192 ```json 193 --8<-- "examples/parse__allow_exceptions.output" 194 ``` 195 196## See also 197 198- [accept](accept.md) - check if the input is valid JSON 199- [operator>>](../operator_gtgt.md) - deserialize from stream 200 201## Version history 202 203- Added in version 1.0.0. 204- Overload for contiguous containers (1) added in version 2.0.3. 205- Ignoring comments via `ignore_comments` added in version 3.9.0. 206 207!!! warning "Deprecation" 208 209 Overload (2) replaces calls to `parse` with a pair of iterators as their first parameter which has been 210 deprecated in version 3.8.0. This overload will be removed in version 4.0.0. Please replace all calls like 211 `#!cpp parse({ptr, ptr+len}, ...);` with `#!cpp parse(ptr, ptr+len, ...);`. 212 213 You should be warned by your compiler with a `-Wdeprecated-declarations` warning if you are using a deprecated 214 function. 215