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1 use crate::diagnostics::{ImportSuggestion, LabelSuggestion, TypoSuggestion};
2 use crate::late::{AliasPossibility, LateResolutionVisitor, RibKind};
3 use crate::late::{LifetimeBinderKind, LifetimeRes, LifetimeRibKind, LifetimeUseSet};
4 use crate::{errors, path_names_to_string};
5 use crate::{Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
6 use crate::{PathResult, PathSource, Segment};
7 use rustc_hir::def::Namespace::{self, *};
8 
9 use rustc_ast::visit::{FnCtxt, FnKind, LifetimeCtxt};
10 use rustc_ast::{
11     self as ast, AssocItemKind, Expr, ExprKind, GenericParam, GenericParamKind, Item, ItemKind,
12     MethodCall, NodeId, Path, Ty, TyKind, DUMMY_NODE_ID,
13 };
14 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust::where_bound_predicate_to_string;
15 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
16 use rustc_errors::{
17     pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed,
18     MultiSpan,
19 };
20 use rustc_hir as hir;
21 use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorKind, CtorOf, DefKind};
22 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_ID};
23 use rustc_hir::PrimTy;
24 use rustc_session::lint;
25 use rustc_session::Session;
26 use rustc_span::edit_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
27 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
28 use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
29 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
30 use rustc_span::Span;
31 
32 use std::borrow::Cow;
33 use std::iter;
34 use std::ops::Deref;
35 
36 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
37 
38 use super::NoConstantGenericsReason;
39 
40 type Res = def::Res<ast::NodeId>;
41 
42 /// A field or associated item from self type suggested in case of resolution failure.
43 enum AssocSuggestion {
44     Field,
45     MethodWithSelf { called: bool },
46     AssocFn { called: bool },
47     AssocType,
48     AssocConst,
49 }
50 
51 impl AssocSuggestion {
action(&self) -> &'static str52     fn action(&self) -> &'static str {
53         match self {
54             AssocSuggestion::Field => "use the available field",
55             AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called: true } => {
56                 "call the method with the fully-qualified path"
57             }
58             AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called: false } => {
59                 "refer to the method with the fully-qualified path"
60             }
61             AssocSuggestion::AssocFn { called: true } => "call the associated function",
62             AssocSuggestion::AssocFn { called: false } => "refer to the associated function",
63             AssocSuggestion::AssocConst => "use the associated `const`",
64             AssocSuggestion::AssocType => "use the associated type",
65         }
66     }
67 }
68 
is_self_type(path: &[Segment], namespace: Namespace) -> bool69 fn is_self_type(path: &[Segment], namespace: Namespace) -> bool {
70     namespace == TypeNS && path.len() == 1 && path[0].ident.name == kw::SelfUpper
71 }
72 
is_self_value(path: &[Segment], namespace: Namespace) -> bool73 fn is_self_value(path: &[Segment], namespace: Namespace) -> bool {
74     namespace == ValueNS && path.len() == 1 && path[0].ident.name == kw::SelfLower
75 }
76 
77 /// Gets the stringified path for an enum from an `ImportSuggestion` for an enum variant.
import_candidate_to_enum_paths(suggestion: &ImportSuggestion) -> (String, String)78 fn import_candidate_to_enum_paths(suggestion: &ImportSuggestion) -> (String, String) {
79     let variant_path = &suggestion.path;
80     let variant_path_string = path_names_to_string(variant_path);
81 
82     let path_len = suggestion.path.segments.len();
83     let enum_path = ast::Path {
84         span: suggestion.path.span,
85         segments: suggestion.path.segments[0..path_len - 1].iter().cloned().collect(),
86         tokens: None,
87     };
88     let enum_path_string = path_names_to_string(&enum_path);
89 
90     (variant_path_string, enum_path_string)
91 }
92 
93 /// Description of an elided lifetime.
94 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
95 pub(super) struct MissingLifetime {
96     /// Used to overwrite the resolution with the suggestion, to avoid cascading errors.
97     pub id: NodeId,
98     /// Where to suggest adding the lifetime.
99     pub span: Span,
100     /// How the lifetime was introduced, to have the correct space and comma.
101     pub kind: MissingLifetimeKind,
102     /// Number of elided lifetimes, used for elision in path.
103     pub count: usize,
104 }
105 
106 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
107 pub(super) enum MissingLifetimeKind {
108     /// An explicit `'_`.
109     Underscore,
110     /// An elided lifetime `&' ty`.
111     Ampersand,
112     /// An elided lifetime in brackets with written brackets.
113     Comma,
114     /// An elided lifetime with elided brackets.
115     Brackets,
116 }
117 
118 /// Description of the lifetimes appearing in a function parameter.
119 /// This is used to provide a literal explanation to the elision failure.
120 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
121 pub(super) struct ElisionFnParameter {
122     /// The index of the argument in the original definition.
123     pub index: usize,
124     /// The name of the argument if it's a simple ident.
125     pub ident: Option<Ident>,
126     /// The number of lifetimes in the parameter.
127     pub lifetime_count: usize,
128     /// The span of the parameter.
129     pub span: Span,
130 }
131 
132 /// Description of lifetimes that appear as candidates for elision.
133 /// This is used to suggest introducing an explicit lifetime.
134 #[derive(Debug)]
135 pub(super) enum LifetimeElisionCandidate {
136     /// This is not a real lifetime.
137     Ignore,
138     /// There is a named lifetime, we won't suggest anything.
139     Named,
140     Missing(MissingLifetime),
141 }
142 
143 /// Only used for diagnostics.
144 #[derive(Debug)]
145 struct BaseError {
146     msg: String,
147     fallback_label: String,
148     span: Span,
149     span_label: Option<(Span, &'static str)>,
150     could_be_expr: bool,
151     suggestion: Option<(Span, &'static str, String)>,
152     module: Option<DefId>,
153 }
154 
155 #[derive(Debug)]
156 enum TypoCandidate {
157     Typo(TypoSuggestion),
158     Shadowed(Res, Option<Span>),
159     None,
160 }
161 
162 impl TypoCandidate {
to_opt_suggestion(self) -> Option<TypoSuggestion>163     fn to_opt_suggestion(self) -> Option<TypoSuggestion> {
164         match self {
165             TypoCandidate::Typo(sugg) => Some(sugg),
166             TypoCandidate::Shadowed(_, _) | TypoCandidate::None => None,
167         }
168     }
169 }
170 
171 impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
make_base_error( &mut self, path: &[Segment], span: Span, source: PathSource<'_>, res: Option<Res>, ) -> BaseError172     fn make_base_error(
173         &mut self,
174         path: &[Segment],
175         span: Span,
176         source: PathSource<'_>,
177         res: Option<Res>,
178     ) -> BaseError {
179         // Make the base error.
180         let mut expected = source.descr_expected();
181         let path_str = Segment::names_to_string(path);
182         let item_str = path.last().unwrap().ident;
183         if let Some(res) = res {
184             BaseError {
185                 msg: format!("expected {}, found {} `{}`", expected, res.descr(), path_str),
186                 fallback_label: format!("not a {expected}"),
187                 span,
188                 span_label: match res {
189                     Res::Def(kind, def_id) if kind == DefKind::TyParam => {
190                         Some((self.r.def_span(def_id), "found this type parameter"))
191                     }
192                     _ => None,
193                 },
194                 could_be_expr: match res {
195                     Res::Def(DefKind::Fn, _) => {
196                         // Verify whether this is a fn call or an Fn used as a type.
197                         self.r
198                             .tcx
199                             .sess
200                             .source_map()
201                             .span_to_snippet(span)
202                             .is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet.ends_with(')'))
203                     }
204                     Res::Def(
205                         DefKind::Ctor(..) | DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::Const | DefKind::AssocConst,
206                         _,
207                     )
208                     | Res::SelfCtor(_)
209                     | Res::PrimTy(_)
210                     | Res::Local(_) => true,
211                     _ => false,
212                 },
213                 suggestion: None,
214                 module: None,
215             }
216         } else {
217             let item_span = path.last().unwrap().ident.span;
218             let (mod_prefix, mod_str, module, suggestion) = if path.len() == 1 {
219                 debug!(?self.diagnostic_metadata.current_impl_items);
220                 debug!(?self.diagnostic_metadata.current_function);
221                 let suggestion = if self.current_trait_ref.is_none()
222                     && let Some((fn_kind, _)) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_function
223                     && let Some(FnCtxt::Assoc(_)) = fn_kind.ctxt()
224                     && let FnKind::Fn(_, _, sig, ..) = fn_kind
225                     && let Some(items) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_impl_items
226                     && let Some(item) = items.iter().find(|i| {
227                         if let AssocItemKind::Fn(..) | AssocItemKind::Const(..) = &i.kind
228                             && i.ident.name == item_str.name
229                             // don't suggest if the item is in Fn signature arguments
230                             // issue #112590
231                             && !sig.span.contains(item_span)
232                         {
233                             debug!(?item_str.name);
234                             return true
235                         }
236                         false
237                     })
238                 {
239                     let self_sugg = match &item.kind {
240                         AssocItemKind::Fn(fn_) if fn_.sig.decl.has_self() => "self.",
241                         _ => "Self::",
242                     };
243 
244                     Some((
245                         item_span.shrink_to_lo(),
246                         match &item.kind {
247                             AssocItemKind::Fn(..) => "consider using the associated function",
248                             AssocItemKind::Const(..) => "consider using the associated constant",
249                             _ => unreachable!("item kind was filtered above"),
250                         },
251                         self_sugg.to_string()
252                     ))
253                 } else {
254                     None
255                 };
256                 (String::new(), "this scope".to_string(), None, suggestion)
257             } else if path.len() == 2 && path[0].ident.name == kw::PathRoot {
258                 if self.r.tcx.sess.edition() > Edition::Edition2015 {
259                     // In edition 2018 onwards, the `::foo` syntax may only pull from the extern prelude
260                     // which overrides all other expectations of item type
261                     expected = "crate";
262                     (String::new(), "the list of imported crates".to_string(), None, None)
263                 } else {
264                     (
265                         String::new(),
266                         "the crate root".to_string(),
267                         Some(CRATE_DEF_ID.to_def_id()),
268                         None,
269                     )
270                 }
271             } else if path.len() == 2 && path[0].ident.name == kw::Crate {
272                 (String::new(), "the crate root".to_string(), Some(CRATE_DEF_ID.to_def_id()), None)
273             } else {
274                 let mod_path = &path[..path.len() - 1];
275                 let mod_res = self.resolve_path(mod_path, Some(TypeNS), None);
276                 let mod_prefix = match mod_res {
277                     PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) => module.res(),
278                     _ => None,
279                 };
280 
281                 let module_did = mod_prefix.as_ref().and_then(Res::mod_def_id);
282 
283                 let mod_prefix =
284                     mod_prefix.map_or_else(String::new, |res| (format!("{} ", res.descr())));
285 
286                 (mod_prefix, format!("`{}`", Segment::names_to_string(mod_path)), module_did, None)
287             };
288 
289             let (fallback_label, suggestion) = if path_str == "async"
290                 && expected.starts_with("struct")
291             {
292                 ("`async` blocks are only allowed in Rust 2018 or later".to_string(), suggestion)
293             } else {
294                 // check if we are in situation of typo like `True` instead of `true`.
295                 let override_suggestion =
296                     if ["true", "false"].contains(&item_str.to_string().to_lowercase().as_str()) {
297                         let item_typo = item_str.to_string().to_lowercase();
298                         Some((item_span, "you may want to use a bool value instead", item_typo))
299                     // FIXME(vincenzopalazzo): make the check smarter,
300                     // and maybe expand with levenshtein distance checks
301                     } else if item_str.as_str() == "printf" {
302                         Some((
303                             item_span,
304                             "you may have meant to use the `print` macro",
305                             "print!".to_owned(),
306                         ))
307                     } else {
308                         suggestion
309                     };
310                 (format!("not found in {mod_str}"), override_suggestion)
311             };
312 
313             BaseError {
314                 msg: format!("cannot find {expected} `{item_str}` in {mod_prefix}{mod_str}"),
315                 fallback_label,
316                 span: item_span,
317                 span_label: None,
318                 could_be_expr: false,
319                 suggestion,
320                 module,
321             }
322         }
323     }
324 
325     /// Try to suggest for a module path that cannot be resolved.
326     /// Such as `fmt::Debug` where `fmt` is not resolved without importing,
327     /// here we search with `lookup_import_candidates` for a module named `fmt`
328     /// with `TypeNS` as namespace.
329     ///
330     /// We need a separate function here because we won't suggest for a path with single segment
331     /// and we won't change `SourcePath` api `is_expected` to match `Type` with `DefKind::Mod`
smart_resolve_partial_mod_path_errors( &mut self, prefix_path: &[Segment], path: &[Segment], ) -> Vec<ImportSuggestion>332     pub(crate) fn smart_resolve_partial_mod_path_errors(
333         &mut self,
334         prefix_path: &[Segment],
335         path: &[Segment],
336     ) -> Vec<ImportSuggestion> {
337         let next_seg = if path.len() >= prefix_path.len() + 1 && prefix_path.len() == 1 {
338             path.get(prefix_path.len())
339         } else {
340             None
341         };
342         if let Some(segment) = prefix_path.last() &&
343             let Some(next_seg) = next_seg {
344             let candidates = self.r.lookup_import_candidates(
345                 segment.ident,
346                 Namespace::TypeNS,
347                 &self.parent_scope,
348                 &|res: Res| matches!(res, Res::Def(DefKind::Mod, _)),
349             );
350             // double check next seg is valid
351             candidates
352                 .into_iter()
353                 .filter(|candidate| {
354                     if let Some(def_id) = candidate.did &&
355                         let Some(module) = self.r.get_module(def_id) {
356                             self.r.resolutions(module).borrow().iter().any(|(key, _r)| {
357                                 key.ident.name == next_seg.ident.name
358                             })
359                     } else {
360                         false
361                     }
362                 })
363                 .collect::<Vec<_>>()
364         } else {
365             Vec::new()
366         }
367     }
368 
369     /// Handles error reporting for `smart_resolve_path_fragment` function.
370     /// Creates base error and amends it with one short label and possibly some longer helps/notes.
smart_resolve_report_errors( &mut self, path: &[Segment], full_path: &[Segment], span: Span, source: PathSource<'_>, res: Option<Res>, ) -> (DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>, Vec<ImportSuggestion>)371     pub(crate) fn smart_resolve_report_errors(
372         &mut self,
373         path: &[Segment],
374         full_path: &[Segment],
375         span: Span,
376         source: PathSource<'_>,
377         res: Option<Res>,
378     ) -> (DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>, Vec<ImportSuggestion>) {
379         debug!(?res, ?source);
380         let base_error = self.make_base_error(path, span, source, res);
381 
382         let code = source.error_code(res.is_some());
383         let mut err = self.r.tcx.sess.struct_span_err_with_code(
384             base_error.span,
385             base_error.msg.clone(),
386             code,
387         );
388 
389         self.suggest_swapping_misplaced_self_ty_and_trait(&mut err, source, res, base_error.span);
390 
391         if let Some((span, label)) = base_error.span_label {
392             err.span_label(span, label);
393         }
394 
395         if let Some(ref sugg) = base_error.suggestion {
396             err.span_suggestion_verbose(sugg.0, sugg.1, &sugg.2, Applicability::MaybeIncorrect);
397         }
398 
399         self.suggest_bare_struct_literal(&mut err);
400 
401         if self.suggest_pattern_match_with_let(&mut err, source, span) {
402             // Fallback label.
403             err.span_label(base_error.span, base_error.fallback_label);
404             return (err, Vec::new());
405         }
406 
407         self.suggest_self_or_self_ref(&mut err, path, span);
408         self.detect_assoct_type_constraint_meant_as_path(&mut err, &base_error);
409         if self.suggest_self_ty(&mut err, source, path, span)
410             || self.suggest_self_value(&mut err, source, path, span)
411         {
412             return (err, Vec::new());
413         }
414 
415         let (found, candidates) =
416             self.try_lookup_name_relaxed(&mut err, source, path, full_path, span, res, &base_error);
417         if found {
418             return (err, candidates);
419         }
420 
421         let mut fallback = self.suggest_trait_and_bounds(&mut err, source, res, span, &base_error);
422 
423         // if we have suggested using pattern matching, then don't add needless suggestions
424         // for typos.
425         fallback |= self.suggest_typo(&mut err, source, path, span, &base_error);
426 
427         if fallback {
428             // Fallback label.
429             err.span_label(base_error.span, base_error.fallback_label);
430         }
431         self.err_code_special_cases(&mut err, source, path, span);
432 
433         if let Some(module) = base_error.module {
434             self.r.find_cfg_stripped(&mut err, &path.last().unwrap().ident.name, module);
435         }
436 
437         (err, candidates)
438     }
439 
detect_assoct_type_constraint_meant_as_path( &self, err: &mut Diagnostic, base_error: &BaseError, )440     fn detect_assoct_type_constraint_meant_as_path(
441         &self,
442         err: &mut Diagnostic,
443         base_error: &BaseError,
444     ) {
445         let Some(ty) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_type_path else { return; };
446         let TyKind::Path(_, path) = &ty.kind else { return; };
447         for segment in &path.segments {
448             let Some(params) = &segment.args else { continue; };
449             let ast::GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ref params) = params.deref() else { continue; };
450             for param in &params.args {
451                 let ast::AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(constraint) = param else { continue; };
452                 let ast::AssocConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } = &constraint.kind else {
453                     continue;
454                 };
455                 for bound in bounds {
456                     let ast::GenericBound::Trait(trait_ref, ast::TraitBoundModifier::None)
457                         = bound else
458                     {
459                         continue;
460                     };
461                     if base_error.span == trait_ref.span {
462                         err.span_suggestion_verbose(
463                             constraint.ident.span.between(trait_ref.span),
464                             "you might have meant to write a path instead of an associated type bound",
465                             "::",
466                             Applicability::MachineApplicable,
467                         );
468                     }
469                 }
470             }
471         }
472     }
473 
suggest_self_or_self_ref(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, path: &[Segment], span: Span)474     fn suggest_self_or_self_ref(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, path: &[Segment], span: Span) {
475         if !self.self_type_is_available() {
476             return;
477         }
478         let Some(path_last_segment) = path.last() else { return };
479         let item_str = path_last_segment.ident;
480         // Emit help message for fake-self from other languages (e.g., `this` in JavaScript).
481         if ["this", "my"].contains(&item_str.as_str()) {
482             err.span_suggestion_short(
483                 span,
484                 "you might have meant to use `self` here instead",
485                 "self",
486                 Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
487             );
488             if !self.self_value_is_available(path[0].ident.span) {
489                 if let Some((FnKind::Fn(_, _, sig, ..), fn_span)) =
490                     &self.diagnostic_metadata.current_function
491                 {
492                     let (span, sugg) = if let Some(param) = sig.decl.inputs.get(0) {
493                         (param.span.shrink_to_lo(), "&self, ")
494                     } else {
495                         (
496                             self.r
497                                 .tcx
498                                 .sess
499                                 .source_map()
500                                 .span_through_char(*fn_span, '(')
501                                 .shrink_to_hi(),
502                             "&self",
503                         )
504                     };
505                     err.span_suggestion_verbose(
506                         span,
507                         "if you meant to use `self`, you are also missing a `self` receiver \
508                          argument",
509                         sugg,
510                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
511                     );
512                 }
513             }
514         }
515     }
516 
try_lookup_name_relaxed( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, path: &[Segment], full_path: &[Segment], span: Span, res: Option<Res>, base_error: &BaseError, ) -> (bool, Vec<ImportSuggestion>)517     fn try_lookup_name_relaxed(
518         &mut self,
519         err: &mut Diagnostic,
520         source: PathSource<'_>,
521         path: &[Segment],
522         full_path: &[Segment],
523         span: Span,
524         res: Option<Res>,
525         base_error: &BaseError,
526     ) -> (bool, Vec<ImportSuggestion>) {
527         // Try to lookup name in more relaxed fashion for better error reporting.
528         let ident = path.last().unwrap().ident;
529         let is_expected = &|res| source.is_expected(res);
530         let ns = source.namespace();
531         let is_enum_variant = &|res| matches!(res, Res::Def(DefKind::Variant, _));
532         let path_str = Segment::names_to_string(path);
533         let ident_span = path.last().map_or(span, |ident| ident.ident.span);
534         let mut candidates = self
535             .r
536             .lookup_import_candidates(ident, ns, &self.parent_scope, is_expected)
537             .into_iter()
538             .filter(|ImportSuggestion { did, .. }| {
539                 match (did, res.and_then(|res| res.opt_def_id())) {
540                     (Some(suggestion_did), Some(actual_did)) => *suggestion_did != actual_did,
541                     _ => true,
542                 }
543             })
544             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
545         let crate_def_id = CRATE_DEF_ID.to_def_id();
546         // Try to filter out intrinsics candidates, as long as we have
547         // some other candidates to suggest.
548         let intrinsic_candidates: Vec<_> = candidates
549             .extract_if(|sugg| {
550                 let path = path_names_to_string(&sugg.path);
551                 path.starts_with("core::intrinsics::") || path.starts_with("std::intrinsics::")
552             })
553             .collect();
554         if candidates.is_empty() {
555             // Put them back if we have no more candidates to suggest...
556             candidates.extend(intrinsic_candidates);
557         }
558         if candidates.is_empty() && is_expected(Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, crate_def_id)) {
559             let mut enum_candidates: Vec<_> = self
560                 .r
561                 .lookup_import_candidates(ident, ns, &self.parent_scope, is_enum_variant)
562                 .into_iter()
563                 .map(|suggestion| import_candidate_to_enum_paths(&suggestion))
564                 .filter(|(_, enum_ty_path)| !enum_ty_path.starts_with("std::prelude::"))
565                 .collect();
566             if !enum_candidates.is_empty() {
567                 enum_candidates.sort();
568 
569                 // Contextualize for E0412 "cannot find type", but don't belabor the point
570                 // (that it's a variant) for E0573 "expected type, found variant".
571                 let preamble = if res.is_none() {
572                     let others = match enum_candidates.len() {
573                         1 => String::new(),
574                         2 => " and 1 other".to_owned(),
575                         n => format!(" and {} others", n),
576                     };
577                     format!("there is an enum variant `{}`{}; ", enum_candidates[0].0, others)
578                 } else {
579                     String::new()
580                 };
581                 let msg = format!("{}try using the variant's enum", preamble);
582 
583                 err.span_suggestions(
584                     span,
585                     msg,
586                     enum_candidates.into_iter().map(|(_variant_path, enum_ty_path)| enum_ty_path),
587                     Applicability::MachineApplicable,
588                 );
589             }
590         }
591 
592         // Try finding a suitable replacement.
593         let typo_sugg =
594             self.lookup_typo_candidate(path, source.namespace(), is_expected).to_opt_suggestion();
595         if path.len() == 1 && self.self_type_is_available() {
596             if let Some(candidate) =
597                 self.lookup_assoc_candidate(ident, ns, is_expected, source.is_call())
598             {
599                 let self_is_available = self.self_value_is_available(path[0].ident.span);
600                 match candidate {
601                     AssocSuggestion::Field => {
602                         if self_is_available {
603                             err.span_suggestion(
604                                 span,
605                                 "you might have meant to use the available field",
606                                 format!("self.{path_str}"),
607                                 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
608                             );
609                         } else {
610                             err.span_label(span, "a field by this name exists in `Self`");
611                         }
612                     }
613                     AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called } if self_is_available => {
614                         let msg = if called {
615                             "you might have meant to call the method"
616                         } else {
617                             "you might have meant to refer to the method"
618                         };
619                         err.span_suggestion(
620                             span,
621                             msg,
622                             format!("self.{path_str}"),
623                             Applicability::MachineApplicable,
624                         );
625                     }
626                     AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { .. }
627                     | AssocSuggestion::AssocFn { .. }
628                     | AssocSuggestion::AssocConst
629                     | AssocSuggestion::AssocType => {
630                         err.span_suggestion(
631                             span,
632                             format!("you might have meant to {}", candidate.action()),
633                             format!("Self::{path_str}"),
634                             Applicability::MachineApplicable,
635                         );
636                     }
637                 }
638                 self.r.add_typo_suggestion(err, typo_sugg, ident_span);
639                 return (true, candidates);
640             }
641 
642             // If the first argument in call is `self` suggest calling a method.
643             if let Some((call_span, args_span)) = self.call_has_self_arg(source) {
644                 let mut args_snippet = String::new();
645                 if let Some(args_span) = args_span {
646                     if let Ok(snippet) = self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(args_span) {
647                         args_snippet = snippet;
648                     }
649                 }
650 
651                 err.span_suggestion(
652                     call_span,
653                     format!("try calling `{ident}` as a method"),
654                     format!("self.{path_str}({args_snippet})"),
655                     Applicability::MachineApplicable,
656                 );
657                 return (true, candidates);
658             }
659         }
660 
661         // Try context-dependent help if relaxed lookup didn't work.
662         if let Some(res) = res {
663             if self.smart_resolve_context_dependent_help(
664                 err,
665                 span,
666                 source,
667                 res,
668                 &path_str,
669                 &base_error.fallback_label,
670             ) {
671                 // We do this to avoid losing a secondary span when we override the main error span.
672                 self.r.add_typo_suggestion(err, typo_sugg, ident_span);
673                 return (true, candidates);
674             }
675         }
676 
677         // Try to find in last block rib
678         if let Some(rib) = &self.last_block_rib && let RibKind::Normal = rib.kind {
679             for (ident, &res) in &rib.bindings {
680                 if let Res::Local(_) = res && path.len() == 1 &&
681                     ident.span.eq_ctxt(path[0].ident.span) &&
682                     ident.name == path[0].ident.name {
683                     err.span_help(
684                         ident.span,
685                         format!("the binding `{}` is available in a different scope in the same function", path_str),
686                     );
687                     return (true, candidates);
688                 }
689             }
690         }
691 
692         if candidates.is_empty() {
693             candidates = self.smart_resolve_partial_mod_path_errors(path, full_path);
694         }
695 
696         return (false, candidates);
697     }
698 
suggest_trait_and_bounds( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, res: Option<Res>, span: Span, base_error: &BaseError, ) -> bool699     fn suggest_trait_and_bounds(
700         &mut self,
701         err: &mut Diagnostic,
702         source: PathSource<'_>,
703         res: Option<Res>,
704         span: Span,
705         base_error: &BaseError,
706     ) -> bool {
707         let is_macro =
708             base_error.span.from_expansion() && base_error.span.desugaring_kind().is_none();
709         let mut fallback = false;
710 
711         if let (
712             PathSource::Trait(AliasPossibility::Maybe),
713             Some(Res::Def(DefKind::Struct | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Union, _)),
714             false,
715         ) = (source, res, is_macro)
716         {
717             if let Some(bounds @ [_, .., _]) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_trait_object {
718                 fallback = true;
719                 let spans: Vec<Span> = bounds
720                     .iter()
721                     .map(|bound| bound.span())
722                     .filter(|&sp| sp != base_error.span)
723                     .collect();
724 
725                 let start_span = bounds[0].span();
726                 // `end_span` is the end of the poly trait ref (Foo + 'baz + Bar><)
727                 let end_span = bounds.last().unwrap().span();
728                 // `last_bound_span` is the last bound of the poly trait ref (Foo + >'baz< + Bar)
729                 let last_bound_span = spans.last().cloned().unwrap();
730                 let mut multi_span: MultiSpan = spans.clone().into();
731                 for sp in spans {
732                     let msg = if sp == last_bound_span {
733                         format!(
734                             "...because of {these} bound{s}",
735                             these = pluralize!("this", bounds.len() - 1),
736                             s = pluralize!(bounds.len() - 1),
737                         )
738                     } else {
739                         String::new()
740                     };
741                     multi_span.push_span_label(sp, msg);
742                 }
743                 multi_span.push_span_label(base_error.span, "expected this type to be a trait...");
744                 err.span_help(
745                     multi_span,
746                     "`+` is used to constrain a \"trait object\" type with lifetimes or \
747                         auto-traits; structs and enums can't be bound in that way",
748                 );
749                 if bounds.iter().all(|bound| match bound {
750                     ast::GenericBound::Outlives(_) => true,
751                     ast::GenericBound::Trait(tr, _) => tr.span == base_error.span,
752                 }) {
753                     let mut sugg = vec![];
754                     if base_error.span != start_span {
755                         sugg.push((start_span.until(base_error.span), String::new()));
756                     }
757                     if base_error.span != end_span {
758                         sugg.push((base_error.span.shrink_to_hi().to(end_span), String::new()));
759                     }
760 
761                     err.multipart_suggestion(
762                         "if you meant to use a type and not a trait here, remove the bounds",
763                         sugg,
764                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
765                     );
766                 }
767             }
768         }
769 
770         fallback |= self.restrict_assoc_type_in_where_clause(span, err);
771         fallback
772     }
773 
suggest_typo( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, path: &[Segment], span: Span, base_error: &BaseError, ) -> bool774     fn suggest_typo(
775         &mut self,
776         err: &mut Diagnostic,
777         source: PathSource<'_>,
778         path: &[Segment],
779         span: Span,
780         base_error: &BaseError,
781     ) -> bool {
782         let is_expected = &|res| source.is_expected(res);
783         let ident_span = path.last().map_or(span, |ident| ident.ident.span);
784         let typo_sugg = self.lookup_typo_candidate(path, source.namespace(), is_expected);
785         let is_in_same_file = &|sp1, sp2| {
786             let source_map = self.r.tcx.sess.source_map();
787             let file1 = source_map.span_to_filename(sp1);
788             let file2 = source_map.span_to_filename(sp2);
789             file1 == file2
790         };
791         // print 'you might have meant' if the candidate is (1) is a shadowed name with
792         // accessible definition and (2) either defined in the same crate as the typo
793         // (could be in a different file) or introduced in the same file as the typo
794         // (could belong to a different crate)
795         if let TypoCandidate::Shadowed(res, Some(sugg_span)) = typo_sugg
796             && res
797                 .opt_def_id()
798                 .is_some_and(|id| id.is_local() || is_in_same_file(span, sugg_span))
799         {
800             err.span_label(
801                 sugg_span,
802                 format!("you might have meant to refer to this {}", res.descr()),
803             );
804             return true;
805         }
806         let mut fallback = false;
807         let typo_sugg = typo_sugg.to_opt_suggestion();
808         if !self.r.add_typo_suggestion(err, typo_sugg, ident_span) {
809             fallback = true;
810             match self.diagnostic_metadata.current_let_binding {
811                 Some((pat_sp, Some(ty_sp), None))
812                     if ty_sp.contains(base_error.span) && base_error.could_be_expr =>
813                 {
814                     err.span_suggestion_short(
815                         pat_sp.between(ty_sp),
816                         "use `=` if you meant to assign",
817                         " = ",
818                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
819                     );
820                 }
821                 _ => {}
822             }
823 
824             // If the trait has a single item (which wasn't matched by the algorithm), suggest it
825             let suggestion = self.get_single_associated_item(&path, &source, is_expected);
826             if !self.r.add_typo_suggestion(err, suggestion, ident_span) {
827                 fallback = !self.let_binding_suggestion(err, ident_span);
828             }
829         }
830         fallback
831     }
832 
err_code_special_cases( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, path: &[Segment], span: Span, )833     fn err_code_special_cases(
834         &mut self,
835         err: &mut Diagnostic,
836         source: PathSource<'_>,
837         path: &[Segment],
838         span: Span,
839     ) {
840         if let Some(err_code) = &err.code {
841             if err_code == &rustc_errors::error_code!(E0425) {
842                 for label_rib in &self.label_ribs {
843                     for (label_ident, node_id) in &label_rib.bindings {
844                         let ident = path.last().unwrap().ident;
845                         if format!("'{}", ident) == label_ident.to_string() {
846                             err.span_label(label_ident.span, "a label with a similar name exists");
847                             if let PathSource::Expr(Some(Expr {
848                                 kind: ExprKind::Break(None, Some(_)),
849                                 ..
850                             })) = source
851                             {
852                                 err.span_suggestion(
853                                     span,
854                                     "use the similarly named label",
855                                     label_ident.name,
856                                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
857                                 );
858                                 // Do not lint against unused label when we suggest them.
859                                 self.diagnostic_metadata.unused_labels.remove(node_id);
860                             }
861                         }
862                     }
863                 }
864             } else if err_code == &rustc_errors::error_code!(E0412) {
865                 if let Some(correct) = Self::likely_rust_type(path) {
866                     err.span_suggestion(
867                         span,
868                         "perhaps you intended to use this type",
869                         correct,
870                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
871                     );
872                 }
873             }
874         }
875     }
876 
877     /// Emit special messages for unresolved `Self` and `self`.
suggest_self_ty( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, path: &[Segment], span: Span, ) -> bool878     fn suggest_self_ty(
879         &mut self,
880         err: &mut Diagnostic,
881         source: PathSource<'_>,
882         path: &[Segment],
883         span: Span,
884     ) -> bool {
885         if !is_self_type(path, source.namespace()) {
886             return false;
887         }
888         err.code(rustc_errors::error_code!(E0411));
889         err.span_label(span, "`Self` is only available in impls, traits, and type definitions");
890         if let Some(item_kind) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_item {
891             if !item_kind.ident.span.is_dummy() {
892                 err.span_label(
893                     item_kind.ident.span,
894                     format!(
895                         "`Self` not allowed in {} {}",
896                         item_kind.kind.article(),
897                         item_kind.kind.descr()
898                     ),
899                 );
900             }
901         }
902         true
903     }
904 
suggest_self_value( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, path: &[Segment], span: Span, ) -> bool905     fn suggest_self_value(
906         &mut self,
907         err: &mut Diagnostic,
908         source: PathSource<'_>,
909         path: &[Segment],
910         span: Span,
911     ) -> bool {
912         if !is_self_value(path, source.namespace()) {
913             return false;
914         }
915 
916         debug!("smart_resolve_path_fragment: E0424, source={:?}", source);
917         err.code(rustc_errors::error_code!(E0424));
918         err.span_label(
919             span,
920             match source {
921                 PathSource::Pat => {
922                     "`self` value is a keyword and may not be bound to variables or shadowed"
923                 }
924                 _ => "`self` value is a keyword only available in methods with a `self` parameter",
925             },
926         );
927         let is_assoc_fn = self.self_type_is_available();
928         if let Some((fn_kind, span)) = &self.diagnostic_metadata.current_function {
929             // The current function has a `self` parameter, but we were unable to resolve
930             // a reference to `self`. This can only happen if the `self` identifier we
931             // are resolving came from a different hygiene context.
932             if fn_kind.decl().inputs.get(0).is_some_and(|p| p.is_self()) {
933                 err.span_label(*span, "this function has a `self` parameter, but a macro invocation can only access identifiers it receives from parameters");
934             } else {
935                 let doesnt = if is_assoc_fn {
936                     let (span, sugg) = fn_kind
937                         .decl()
938                         .inputs
939                         .get(0)
940                         .map(|p| (p.span.shrink_to_lo(), "&self, "))
941                         .unwrap_or_else(|| {
942                             // Try to look for the "(" after the function name, if possible.
943                             // This avoids placing the suggestion into the visibility specifier.
944                             let span = fn_kind
945                                 .ident()
946                                 .map_or(*span, |ident| span.with_lo(ident.span.hi()));
947                             (
948                                 self.r
949                                     .tcx
950                                     .sess
951                                     .source_map()
952                                     .span_through_char(span, '(')
953                                     .shrink_to_hi(),
954                                 "&self",
955                             )
956                         });
957                     err.span_suggestion_verbose(
958                         span,
959                         "add a `self` receiver parameter to make the associated `fn` a method",
960                         sugg,
961                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
962                     );
963                     "doesn't"
964                 } else {
965                     "can't"
966                 };
967                 if let Some(ident) = fn_kind.ident() {
968                     err.span_label(
969                         ident.span,
970                         format!("this function {} have a `self` parameter", doesnt),
971                     );
972                 }
973             }
974         } else if let Some(item_kind) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_item {
975             err.span_label(
976                 item_kind.ident.span,
977                 format!(
978                     "`self` not allowed in {} {}",
979                     item_kind.kind.article(),
980                     item_kind.kind.descr()
981                 ),
982             );
983         }
984         true
985     }
986 
suggest_swapping_misplaced_self_ty_and_trait( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, res: Option<Res>, span: Span, )987     fn suggest_swapping_misplaced_self_ty_and_trait(
988         &mut self,
989         err: &mut Diagnostic,
990         source: PathSource<'_>,
991         res: Option<Res>,
992         span: Span,
993     ) {
994         if let Some((trait_ref, self_ty)) =
995             self.diagnostic_metadata.currently_processing_impl_trait.clone()
996             && let TyKind::Path(_, self_ty_path) = &self_ty.kind
997             && let PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) =
998                 self.resolve_path(&Segment::from_path(self_ty_path), Some(TypeNS), None)
999             && let ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Trait, ..) = module.kind
1000             && trait_ref.path.span == span
1001             && let PathSource::Trait(_) = source
1002             && let Some(Res::Def(DefKind::Struct | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Union, _)) = res
1003             && let Ok(self_ty_str) =
1004                 self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(self_ty.span)
1005             && let Ok(trait_ref_str) =
1006                 self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(trait_ref.path.span)
1007         {
1008                 err.multipart_suggestion(
1009                     "`impl` items mention the trait being implemented first and the type it is being implemented for second",
1010                     vec![(trait_ref.path.span, self_ty_str), (self_ty.span, trait_ref_str)],
1011                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1012                 );
1013         }
1014     }
1015 
suggest_bare_struct_literal(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic)1016     fn suggest_bare_struct_literal(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic) {
1017         if let Some(span) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_block_could_be_bare_struct_literal {
1018             err.multipart_suggestion(
1019                 "you might have meant to write a `struct` literal",
1020                 vec![
1021                     (span.shrink_to_lo(), "{ SomeStruct ".to_string()),
1022                     (span.shrink_to_hi(), "}".to_string()),
1023                 ],
1024                 Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
1025             );
1026         }
1027     }
1028 
suggest_pattern_match_with_let( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, span: Span, ) -> bool1029     fn suggest_pattern_match_with_let(
1030         &mut self,
1031         err: &mut Diagnostic,
1032         source: PathSource<'_>,
1033         span: Span,
1034     ) -> bool {
1035         if let PathSource::Expr(_) = source &&
1036         let Some(Expr {
1037                     span: expr_span,
1038                     kind: ExprKind::Assign(lhs, _, _),
1039                     ..
1040                 })  = self.diagnostic_metadata.in_if_condition {
1041             // Icky heuristic so we don't suggest:
1042             // `if (i + 2) = 2` => `if let (i + 2) = 2` (approximately pattern)
1043             // `if 2 = i` => `if let 2 = i` (lhs needs to contain error span)
1044             if lhs.is_approximately_pattern() && lhs.span.contains(span) {
1045                 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
1046                     expr_span.shrink_to_lo(),
1047                     "you might have meant to use pattern matching",
1048                     "let ",
1049                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1050                 );
1051                 return true;
1052             }
1053         }
1054         false
1055     }
1056 
get_single_associated_item( &mut self, path: &[Segment], source: &PathSource<'_>, filter_fn: &impl Fn(Res) -> bool, ) -> Option<TypoSuggestion>1057     fn get_single_associated_item(
1058         &mut self,
1059         path: &[Segment],
1060         source: &PathSource<'_>,
1061         filter_fn: &impl Fn(Res) -> bool,
1062     ) -> Option<TypoSuggestion> {
1063         if let crate::PathSource::TraitItem(_) = source {
1064             let mod_path = &path[..path.len() - 1];
1065             if let PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) =
1066                 self.resolve_path(mod_path, None, None)
1067             {
1068                 let resolutions = self.r.resolutions(module).borrow();
1069                 let targets: Vec<_> =
1070                     resolutions
1071                         .iter()
1072                         .filter_map(|(key, resolution)| {
1073                             resolution.borrow().binding.map(|binding| binding.res()).and_then(
1074                                 |res| if filter_fn(res) { Some((key, res)) } else { None },
1075                             )
1076                         })
1077                         .collect();
1078                 if targets.len() == 1 {
1079                     let target = targets[0];
1080                     return Some(TypoSuggestion::single_item_from_ident(target.0.ident, target.1));
1081                 }
1082             }
1083         }
1084         None
1085     }
1086 
1087     /// Given `where <T as Bar>::Baz: String`, suggest `where T: Bar<Baz = String>`.
restrict_assoc_type_in_where_clause(&mut self, span: Span, err: &mut Diagnostic) -> bool1088     fn restrict_assoc_type_in_where_clause(&mut self, span: Span, err: &mut Diagnostic) -> bool {
1089         // Detect that we are actually in a `where` predicate.
1090         let (bounded_ty, bounds, where_span) =
1091             if let Some(ast::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(ast::WhereBoundPredicate {
1092                 bounded_ty,
1093                 bound_generic_params,
1094                 bounds,
1095                 span,
1096             })) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_where_predicate
1097             {
1098                 if !bound_generic_params.is_empty() {
1099                     return false;
1100                 }
1101                 (bounded_ty, bounds, span)
1102             } else {
1103                 return false;
1104             };
1105 
1106         // Confirm that the target is an associated type.
1107         let (ty, _, path) = if let ast::TyKind::Path(Some(qself), path) = &bounded_ty.kind {
1108             // use this to verify that ident is a type param.
1109             let Some(partial_res) = self.r.partial_res_map.get(&bounded_ty.id) else {
1110                 return false;
1111             };
1112             if !matches!(
1113                 partial_res.full_res(),
1114                 Some(hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::AssocTy, _))
1115             ) {
1116                 return false;
1117             }
1118             (&qself.ty, qself.position, path)
1119         } else {
1120             return false;
1121         };
1122 
1123         let peeled_ty = ty.peel_refs();
1124         if let ast::TyKind::Path(None, type_param_path) = &peeled_ty.kind {
1125             // Confirm that the `SelfTy` is a type parameter.
1126             let Some(partial_res) = self.r.partial_res_map.get(&peeled_ty.id) else {
1127                 return false;
1128             };
1129             if !matches!(
1130                 partial_res.full_res(),
1131                 Some(hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::TyParam, _))
1132             ) {
1133                 return false;
1134             }
1135             if let (
1136                 [ast::PathSegment { args: None, .. }],
1137                 [ast::GenericBound::Trait(poly_trait_ref, ast::TraitBoundModifier::None)],
1138             ) = (&type_param_path.segments[..], &bounds[..])
1139             {
1140                 if let [ast::PathSegment { ident, args: None, .. }] =
1141                     &poly_trait_ref.trait_ref.path.segments[..]
1142                 {
1143                     if ident.span == span {
1144                         let Some(new_where_bound_predicate) = mk_where_bound_predicate(path, poly_trait_ref, ty) else { return false; };
1145                         err.span_suggestion_verbose(
1146                             *where_span,
1147                             format!("constrain the associated type to `{}`", ident),
1148                             where_bound_predicate_to_string(&new_where_bound_predicate),
1149                             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1150                         );
1151                     }
1152                     return true;
1153                 }
1154             }
1155         }
1156         false
1157     }
1158 
1159     /// Check if the source is call expression and the first argument is `self`. If true,
1160     /// return the span of whole call and the span for all arguments expect the first one (`self`).
call_has_self_arg(&self, source: PathSource<'_>) -> Option<(Span, Option<Span>)>1161     fn call_has_self_arg(&self, source: PathSource<'_>) -> Option<(Span, Option<Span>)> {
1162         let mut has_self_arg = None;
1163         if let PathSource::Expr(Some(parent)) = source {
1164             match &parent.kind {
1165                 ExprKind::Call(_, args) if !args.is_empty() => {
1166                     let mut expr_kind = &args[0].kind;
1167                     loop {
1168                         match expr_kind {
1169                             ExprKind::Path(_, arg_name) if arg_name.segments.len() == 1 => {
1170                                 if arg_name.segments[0].ident.name == kw::SelfLower {
1171                                     let call_span = parent.span;
1172                                     let tail_args_span = if args.len() > 1 {
1173                                         Some(Span::new(
1174                                             args[1].span.lo(),
1175                                             args.last().unwrap().span.hi(),
1176                                             call_span.ctxt(),
1177                                             None,
1178                                         ))
1179                                     } else {
1180                                         None
1181                                     };
1182                                     has_self_arg = Some((call_span, tail_args_span));
1183                                 }
1184                                 break;
1185                             }
1186                             ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, expr) => expr_kind = &expr.kind,
1187                             _ => break,
1188                         }
1189                     }
1190                 }
1191                 _ => (),
1192             }
1193         };
1194         has_self_arg
1195     }
1196 
followed_by_brace(&self, span: Span) -> (bool, Option<Span>)1197     fn followed_by_brace(&self, span: Span) -> (bool, Option<Span>) {
1198         // HACK(estebank): find a better way to figure out that this was a
1199         // parser issue where a struct literal is being used on an expression
1200         // where a brace being opened means a block is being started. Look
1201         // ahead for the next text to see if `span` is followed by a `{`.
1202         let sm = self.r.tcx.sess.source_map();
1203         let sp = sm.span_look_ahead(span, None, Some(50));
1204         let followed_by_brace = matches!(sm.span_to_snippet(sp), Ok(ref snippet) if snippet == "{");
1205         // In case this could be a struct literal that needs to be surrounded
1206         // by parentheses, find the appropriate span.
1207         let closing_span = sm.span_look_ahead(span, Some("}"), Some(50));
1208         let closing_brace: Option<Span> = sm
1209             .span_to_snippet(closing_span)
1210             .map_or(None, |s| if s == "}" { Some(span.to(closing_span)) } else { None });
1211         (followed_by_brace, closing_brace)
1212     }
1213 
1214     /// Provides context-dependent help for errors reported by the `smart_resolve_path_fragment`
1215     /// function.
1216     /// Returns `true` if able to provide context-dependent help.
smart_resolve_context_dependent_help( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, span: Span, source: PathSource<'_>, res: Res, path_str: &str, fallback_label: &str, ) -> bool1217     fn smart_resolve_context_dependent_help(
1218         &mut self,
1219         err: &mut Diagnostic,
1220         span: Span,
1221         source: PathSource<'_>,
1222         res: Res,
1223         path_str: &str,
1224         fallback_label: &str,
1225     ) -> bool {
1226         let ns = source.namespace();
1227         let is_expected = &|res| source.is_expected(res);
1228 
1229         let path_sep = |err: &mut Diagnostic, expr: &Expr, kind: DefKind| {
1230             const MESSAGE: &str = "use the path separator to refer to an item";
1231 
1232             let (lhs_span, rhs_span) = match &expr.kind {
1233                 ExprKind::Field(base, ident) => (base.span, ident.span),
1234                 ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { receiver, span, .. }) => {
1235                     (receiver.span, *span)
1236                 }
1237                 _ => return false,
1238             };
1239 
1240             if lhs_span.eq_ctxt(rhs_span) {
1241                 err.span_suggestion(
1242                     lhs_span.between(rhs_span),
1243                     MESSAGE,
1244                     "::",
1245                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1246                 );
1247                 true
1248             } else if kind == DefKind::Struct
1249             && let Some(lhs_source_span) = lhs_span.find_ancestor_inside(expr.span)
1250             && let Ok(snippet) = self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(lhs_source_span)
1251             {
1252                 // The LHS is a type that originates from a macro call.
1253                 // We have to add angle brackets around it.
1254 
1255                 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
1256                     lhs_source_span.until(rhs_span),
1257                     MESSAGE,
1258                     format!("<{snippet}>::"),
1259                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1260                 );
1261                 true
1262             } else {
1263                 // Either we were unable to obtain the source span / the snippet or
1264                 // the LHS originates from a macro call and it is not a type and thus
1265                 // there is no way to replace `.` with `::` and still somehow suggest
1266                 // valid Rust code.
1267 
1268                 false
1269             }
1270         };
1271 
1272         let find_span = |source: &PathSource<'_>, err: &mut Diagnostic| {
1273             match source {
1274                 PathSource::Expr(Some(Expr { span, kind: ExprKind::Call(_, _), .. }))
1275                 | PathSource::TupleStruct(span, _) => {
1276                     // We want the main underline to cover the suggested code as well for
1277                     // cleaner output.
1278                     err.set_span(*span);
1279                     *span
1280                 }
1281                 _ => span,
1282             }
1283         };
1284 
1285         let mut bad_struct_syntax_suggestion = |def_id: DefId| {
1286             let (followed_by_brace, closing_brace) = self.followed_by_brace(span);
1287 
1288             match source {
1289                 PathSource::Expr(Some(
1290                     parent @ Expr { kind: ExprKind::Field(..) | ExprKind::MethodCall(..), .. },
1291                 )) if path_sep(err, &parent, DefKind::Struct) => {}
1292                 PathSource::Expr(
1293                     None
1294                     | Some(Expr {
1295                         kind:
1296                             ExprKind::Path(..)
1297                             | ExprKind::Binary(..)
1298                             | ExprKind::Unary(..)
1299                             | ExprKind::If(..)
1300                             | ExprKind::While(..)
1301                             | ExprKind::ForLoop(..)
1302                             | ExprKind::Match(..),
1303                         ..
1304                     }),
1305                 ) if followed_by_brace => {
1306                     if let Some(sp) = closing_brace {
1307                         err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
1308                         err.multipart_suggestion(
1309                             "surround the struct literal with parentheses",
1310                             vec![
1311                                 (sp.shrink_to_lo(), "(".to_string()),
1312                                 (sp.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
1313                             ],
1314                             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1315                         );
1316                     } else {
1317                         err.span_label(
1318                             span, // Note the parentheses surrounding the suggestion below
1319                             format!(
1320                                 "you might want to surround a struct literal with parentheses: \
1321                                  `({} {{ /* fields */ }})`?",
1322                                 path_str
1323                             ),
1324                         );
1325                     }
1326                 }
1327                 PathSource::Expr(_) | PathSource::TupleStruct(..) | PathSource::Pat => {
1328                     let span = find_span(&source, err);
1329                     err.span_label(self.r.def_span(def_id), format!("`{path_str}` defined here"));
1330 
1331                     let (tail, descr, applicability, old_fields) = match source {
1332                         PathSource::Pat => ("", "pattern", Applicability::MachineApplicable, None),
1333                         PathSource::TupleStruct(_, args) => (
1334                             "",
1335                             "pattern",
1336                             Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1337                             Some(
1338                                 args.iter()
1339                                     .map(|a| self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(*a).ok())
1340                                     .collect::<Vec<Option<String>>>(),
1341                             ),
1342                         ),
1343                         _ => (": val", "literal", Applicability::HasPlaceholders, None),
1344                     };
1345                     let field_ids = self.r.field_def_ids(def_id);
1346                     let (fields, applicability) = match field_ids {
1347                         Some(field_ids) => {
1348                             let fields = field_ids.iter().map(|&id| self.r.tcx.item_name(id));
1349 
1350                             let fields = if let Some(old_fields) = old_fields {
1351                                 fields
1352                                     .enumerate()
1353                                     .map(|(idx, new)| (new, old_fields.get(idx)))
1354                                     .map(|(new, old)| {
1355                                         let new = new.to_ident_string();
1356                                         if let Some(Some(old)) = old && new != *old { format!("{}: {}", new, old) } else { new }
1357                                     })
1358                                     .collect::<Vec<String>>()
1359                             } else {
1360                                 fields.map(|f| format!("{f}{tail}")).collect::<Vec<String>>()
1361                             };
1362 
1363                             (fields.join(", "), applicability)
1364                         }
1365                         None => ("/* fields */".to_string(), Applicability::HasPlaceholders),
1366                     };
1367                     let pad = match field_ids {
1368                         Some(field_ids) if field_ids.is_empty() => "",
1369                         _ => " ",
1370                     };
1371                     err.span_suggestion(
1372                         span,
1373                         format!("use struct {} syntax instead", descr),
1374                         format!("{path_str} {{{pad}{fields}{pad}}}"),
1375                         applicability,
1376                     );
1377                 }
1378                 _ => {
1379                     err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
1380                 }
1381             }
1382         };
1383 
1384         match (res, source) {
1385             (
1386                 Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang), _),
1387                 PathSource::Expr(Some(Expr {
1388                     kind: ExprKind::Index(..) | ExprKind::Call(..), ..
1389                 }))
1390                 | PathSource::Struct,
1391             ) => {
1392                 err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
1393                 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
1394                     span.shrink_to_hi(),
1395                     "use `!` to invoke the macro",
1396                     "!",
1397                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1398                 );
1399                 if path_str == "try" && span.is_rust_2015() {
1400                     err.note("if you want the `try` keyword, you need Rust 2018 or later");
1401                 }
1402             }
1403             (Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang), _), _) => {
1404                 err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
1405             }
1406             (Res::Def(DefKind::TyAlias, def_id), PathSource::Trait(_)) => {
1407                 err.span_label(span, "type aliases cannot be used as traits");
1408                 if self.r.tcx.sess.is_nightly_build() {
1409                     let msg = "you might have meant to use `#![feature(trait_alias)]` instead of a \
1410                                `type` alias";
1411                     let span = self.r.def_span(def_id);
1412                     if let Ok(snip) = self.r.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
1413                         // The span contains a type alias so we should be able to
1414                         // replace `type` with `trait`.
1415                         let snip = snip.replacen("type", "trait", 1);
1416                         err.span_suggestion(span, msg, snip, Applicability::MaybeIncorrect);
1417                     } else {
1418                         err.span_help(span, msg);
1419                     }
1420                 }
1421             }
1422             (
1423                 Res::Def(kind @ (DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Trait), _),
1424                 PathSource::Expr(Some(parent)),
1425             ) => {
1426                 if !path_sep(err, &parent, kind) {
1427                     return false;
1428                 }
1429             }
1430             (
1431                 Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, def_id),
1432                 PathSource::TupleStruct(..) | PathSource::Expr(..),
1433             ) => {
1434                 self.suggest_using_enum_variant(err, source, def_id, span);
1435             }
1436             (Res::Def(DefKind::Struct, def_id), source) if ns == ValueNS => {
1437                 let struct_ctor = match def_id.as_local() {
1438                     Some(def_id) => self.r.struct_constructors.get(&def_id).cloned(),
1439                     None => {
1440                         let ctor = self.r.cstore().ctor_untracked(def_id);
1441                         ctor.map(|(ctor_kind, ctor_def_id)| {
1442                             let ctor_res =
1443                                 Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Struct, ctor_kind), ctor_def_id);
1444                             let ctor_vis = self.r.tcx.visibility(ctor_def_id);
1445                             let field_visibilities = self
1446                                 .r
1447                                 .tcx
1448                                 .associated_item_def_ids(def_id)
1449                                 .iter()
1450                                 .map(|field_id| self.r.tcx.visibility(field_id))
1451                                 .collect();
1452                             (ctor_res, ctor_vis, field_visibilities)
1453                         })
1454                     }
1455                 };
1456 
1457                 let (ctor_def, ctor_vis, fields) = if let Some(struct_ctor) = struct_ctor {
1458                     if let PathSource::Expr(Some(parent)) = source {
1459                         if let ExprKind::Field(..) | ExprKind::MethodCall(..) = parent.kind {
1460                             bad_struct_syntax_suggestion(def_id);
1461                             return true;
1462                         }
1463                     }
1464                     struct_ctor
1465                 } else {
1466                     bad_struct_syntax_suggestion(def_id);
1467                     return true;
1468                 };
1469 
1470                 let is_accessible = self.r.is_accessible_from(ctor_vis, self.parent_scope.module);
1471                 if !is_expected(ctor_def) || is_accessible {
1472                     return true;
1473                 }
1474 
1475                 let field_spans = match source {
1476                     // e.g. `if let Enum::TupleVariant(field1, field2) = _`
1477                     PathSource::TupleStruct(_, pattern_spans) => {
1478                         err.set_primary_message(
1479                             "cannot match against a tuple struct which contains private fields",
1480                         );
1481 
1482                         // Use spans of the tuple struct pattern.
1483                         Some(Vec::from(pattern_spans))
1484                     }
1485                     // e.g. `let _ = Enum::TupleVariant(field1, field2);`
1486                     _ if source.is_call() => {
1487                         err.set_primary_message(
1488                             "cannot initialize a tuple struct which contains private fields",
1489                         );
1490 
1491                         // Use spans of the tuple struct definition.
1492                         self.r.field_def_ids(def_id).map(|field_ids| {
1493                             field_ids
1494                                 .iter()
1495                                 .map(|&field_id| self.r.def_span(field_id))
1496                                 .collect::<Vec<_>>()
1497                         })
1498                     }
1499                     _ => None,
1500                 };
1501 
1502                 if let Some(spans) =
1503                     field_spans.filter(|spans| spans.len() > 0 && fields.len() == spans.len())
1504                 {
1505                     let non_visible_spans: Vec<Span> = iter::zip(&fields, &spans)
1506                         .filter(|(vis, _)| {
1507                             !self.r.is_accessible_from(**vis, self.parent_scope.module)
1508                         })
1509                         .map(|(_, span)| *span)
1510                         .collect();
1511 
1512                     if non_visible_spans.len() > 0 {
1513                         if let Some(fields) = self.r.field_visibility_spans.get(&def_id) {
1514                             err.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
1515                                 format!(
1516                                     "consider making the field{} publicly accessible",
1517                                     pluralize!(fields.len())
1518                                 ),
1519                                 fields.iter().map(|span| (*span, "pub ".to_string())).collect(),
1520                                 Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1521                             );
1522                         }
1523 
1524                         let mut m: MultiSpan = non_visible_spans.clone().into();
1525                         non_visible_spans
1526                             .into_iter()
1527                             .for_each(|s| m.push_span_label(s, "private field"));
1528                         err.span_note(m, "constructor is not visible here due to private fields");
1529                     }
1530 
1531                     return true;
1532                 }
1533 
1534                 err.span_label(span, "constructor is not visible here due to private fields");
1535             }
1536             (Res::Def(DefKind::Union | DefKind::Variant, def_id), _) if ns == ValueNS => {
1537                 bad_struct_syntax_suggestion(def_id);
1538             }
1539             (Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(_, CtorKind::Const), def_id), _) if ns == ValueNS => {
1540                 match source {
1541                     PathSource::Expr(_) | PathSource::TupleStruct(..) | PathSource::Pat => {
1542                         let span = find_span(&source, err);
1543                         err.span_label(
1544                             self.r.def_span(def_id),
1545                             format!("`{path_str}` defined here"),
1546                         );
1547                         err.span_suggestion(
1548                             span,
1549                             "use this syntax instead",
1550                             path_str,
1551                             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1552                         );
1553                     }
1554                     _ => return false,
1555                 }
1556             }
1557             (Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(_, CtorKind::Fn), ctor_def_id), _) if ns == ValueNS => {
1558                 let def_id = self.r.tcx.parent(ctor_def_id);
1559                 err.span_label(self.r.def_span(def_id), format!("`{path_str}` defined here"));
1560                 let fields = self.r.field_def_ids(def_id).map_or_else(
1561                     || "/* fields */".to_string(),
1562                     |field_ids| vec!["_"; field_ids.len()].join(", "),
1563                 );
1564                 err.span_suggestion(
1565                     span,
1566                     "use the tuple variant pattern syntax instead",
1567                     format!("{}({})", path_str, fields),
1568                     Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
1569                 );
1570             }
1571             (Res::SelfTyParam { .. } | Res::SelfTyAlias { .. }, _) if ns == ValueNS => {
1572                 err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
1573                 err.note("can't use `Self` as a constructor, you must use the implemented struct");
1574             }
1575             (Res::Def(DefKind::TyAlias | DefKind::AssocTy, _), _) if ns == ValueNS => {
1576                 err.note("can't use a type alias as a constructor");
1577             }
1578             _ => return false,
1579         }
1580         true
1581     }
1582 
1583     /// Given the target `ident` and `kind`, search for the similarly named associated item
1584     /// in `self.current_trait_ref`.
find_similarly_named_assoc_item( &mut self, ident: Symbol, kind: &AssocItemKind, ) -> Option<Symbol>1585     pub(crate) fn find_similarly_named_assoc_item(
1586         &mut self,
1587         ident: Symbol,
1588         kind: &AssocItemKind,
1589     ) -> Option<Symbol> {
1590         let (module, _) = self.current_trait_ref.as_ref()?;
1591         if ident == kw::Underscore {
1592             // We do nothing for `_`.
1593             return None;
1594         }
1595 
1596         let resolutions = self.r.resolutions(*module);
1597         let targets = resolutions
1598             .borrow()
1599             .iter()
1600             .filter_map(|(key, res)| res.borrow().binding.map(|binding| (key, binding.res())))
1601             .filter(|(_, res)| match (kind, res) {
1602                 (AssocItemKind::Const(..), Res::Def(DefKind::AssocConst, _)) => true,
1603                 (AssocItemKind::Fn(_), Res::Def(DefKind::AssocFn, _)) => true,
1604                 (AssocItemKind::Type(..), Res::Def(DefKind::AssocTy, _)) => true,
1605                 _ => false,
1606             })
1607             .map(|(key, _)| key.ident.name)
1608             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
1609 
1610         find_best_match_for_name(&targets, ident, None)
1611     }
1612 
lookup_assoc_candidate<FilterFn>( &mut self, ident: Ident, ns: Namespace, filter_fn: FilterFn, called: bool, ) -> Option<AssocSuggestion> where FilterFn: Fn(Res) -> bool,1613     fn lookup_assoc_candidate<FilterFn>(
1614         &mut self,
1615         ident: Ident,
1616         ns: Namespace,
1617         filter_fn: FilterFn,
1618         called: bool,
1619     ) -> Option<AssocSuggestion>
1620     where
1621         FilterFn: Fn(Res) -> bool,
1622     {
1623         fn extract_node_id(t: &Ty) -> Option<NodeId> {
1624             match t.kind {
1625                 TyKind::Path(None, _) => Some(t.id),
1626                 TyKind::Ref(_, ref mut_ty) => extract_node_id(&mut_ty.ty),
1627                 // This doesn't handle the remaining `Ty` variants as they are not
1628                 // that commonly the self_type, it might be interesting to provide
1629                 // support for those in future.
1630                 _ => None,
1631             }
1632         }
1633         // Fields are generally expected in the same contexts as locals.
1634         if filter_fn(Res::Local(ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)) {
1635             if let Some(node_id) =
1636                 self.diagnostic_metadata.current_self_type.as_ref().and_then(extract_node_id)
1637             {
1638                 // Look for a field with the same name in the current self_type.
1639                 if let Some(resolution) = self.r.partial_res_map.get(&node_id) {
1640                     if let Some(Res::Def(DefKind::Struct | DefKind::Union, did)) =
1641                         resolution.full_res()
1642                     {
1643                         if let Some(field_ids) = self.r.field_def_ids(did) {
1644                             if field_ids
1645                                 .iter()
1646                                 .any(|&field_id| ident.name == self.r.tcx.item_name(field_id))
1647                             {
1648                                 return Some(AssocSuggestion::Field);
1649                             }
1650                         }
1651                     }
1652                 }
1653             }
1654         }
1655 
1656         if let Some(items) = self.diagnostic_metadata.current_trait_assoc_items {
1657             for assoc_item in items {
1658                 if assoc_item.ident == ident {
1659                     return Some(match &assoc_item.kind {
1660                         ast::AssocItemKind::Const(..) => AssocSuggestion::AssocConst,
1661                         ast::AssocItemKind::Fn(box ast::Fn { sig, .. }) if sig.decl.has_self() => {
1662                             AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called }
1663                         }
1664                         ast::AssocItemKind::Fn(..) => AssocSuggestion::AssocFn { called },
1665                         ast::AssocItemKind::Type(..) => AssocSuggestion::AssocType,
1666                         ast::AssocItemKind::MacCall(_) => continue,
1667                     });
1668                 }
1669             }
1670         }
1671 
1672         // Look for associated items in the current trait.
1673         if let Some((module, _)) = self.current_trait_ref {
1674             if let Ok(binding) = self.r.maybe_resolve_ident_in_module(
1675                 ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module),
1676                 ident,
1677                 ns,
1678                 &self.parent_scope,
1679             ) {
1680                 let res = binding.res();
1681                 if filter_fn(res) {
1682                     let def_id = res.def_id();
1683                     let has_self = match def_id.as_local() {
1684                         Some(def_id) => self.r.has_self.contains(&def_id),
1685                         None => self
1686                             .r
1687                             .tcx
1688                             .fn_arg_names(def_id)
1689                             .first()
1690                             .is_some_and(|ident| ident.name == kw::SelfLower),
1691                     };
1692                     if has_self {
1693                         return Some(AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called });
1694                     } else {
1695                         match res {
1696                             Res::Def(DefKind::AssocFn, _) => {
1697                                 return Some(AssocSuggestion::AssocFn { called });
1698                             }
1699                             Res::Def(DefKind::AssocConst, _) => {
1700                                 return Some(AssocSuggestion::AssocConst);
1701                             }
1702                             Res::Def(DefKind::AssocTy, _) => {
1703                                 return Some(AssocSuggestion::AssocType);
1704                             }
1705                             _ => {}
1706                         }
1707                     }
1708                 }
1709             }
1710         }
1711 
1712         None
1713     }
1714 
lookup_typo_candidate( &mut self, path: &[Segment], ns: Namespace, filter_fn: &impl Fn(Res) -> bool, ) -> TypoCandidate1715     fn lookup_typo_candidate(
1716         &mut self,
1717         path: &[Segment],
1718         ns: Namespace,
1719         filter_fn: &impl Fn(Res) -> bool,
1720     ) -> TypoCandidate {
1721         let mut names = Vec::new();
1722         if path.len() == 1 {
1723             let mut ctxt = path.last().unwrap().ident.span.ctxt();
1724 
1725             // Search in lexical scope.
1726             // Walk backwards up the ribs in scope and collect candidates.
1727             for rib in self.ribs[ns].iter().rev() {
1728                 let rib_ctxt = if rib.kind.contains_params() {
1729                     ctxt.normalize_to_macros_2_0()
1730                 } else {
1731                     ctxt.normalize_to_macro_rules()
1732                 };
1733 
1734                 // Locals and type parameters
1735                 for (ident, &res) in &rib.bindings {
1736                     if filter_fn(res) && ident.span.ctxt() == rib_ctxt {
1737                         names.push(TypoSuggestion::typo_from_ident(*ident, res));
1738                     }
1739                 }
1740 
1741                 if let RibKind::MacroDefinition(def) = rib.kind && def == self.r.macro_def(ctxt) {
1742                     // If an invocation of this macro created `ident`, give up on `ident`
1743                     // and switch to `ident`'s source from the macro definition.
1744                     ctxt.remove_mark();
1745                     continue;
1746                 }
1747 
1748                 // Items in scope
1749                 if let RibKind::Module(module) = rib.kind {
1750                     // Items from this module
1751                     self.r.add_module_candidates(module, &mut names, &filter_fn, Some(ctxt));
1752 
1753                     if let ModuleKind::Block = module.kind {
1754                         // We can see through blocks
1755                     } else {
1756                         // Items from the prelude
1757                         if !module.no_implicit_prelude {
1758                             let extern_prelude = self.r.extern_prelude.clone();
1759                             names.extend(extern_prelude.iter().flat_map(|(ident, _)| {
1760                                 self.r
1761                                     .crate_loader(|c| c.maybe_process_path_extern(ident.name))
1762                                     .and_then(|crate_id| {
1763                                         let crate_mod =
1764                                             Res::Def(DefKind::Mod, crate_id.as_def_id());
1765 
1766                                         filter_fn(crate_mod).then(|| {
1767                                             TypoSuggestion::typo_from_ident(*ident, crate_mod)
1768                                         })
1769                                     })
1770                             }));
1771 
1772                             if let Some(prelude) = self.r.prelude {
1773                                 self.r.add_module_candidates(prelude, &mut names, &filter_fn, None);
1774                             }
1775                         }
1776                         break;
1777                     }
1778                 }
1779             }
1780             // Add primitive types to the mix
1781             if filter_fn(Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Bool)) {
1782                 names.extend(PrimTy::ALL.iter().map(|prim_ty| {
1783                     TypoSuggestion::typo_from_name(prim_ty.name(), Res::PrimTy(*prim_ty))
1784                 }))
1785             }
1786         } else {
1787             // Search in module.
1788             let mod_path = &path[..path.len() - 1];
1789             if let PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) =
1790                 self.resolve_path(mod_path, Some(TypeNS), None)
1791             {
1792                 self.r.add_module_candidates(module, &mut names, &filter_fn, None);
1793             }
1794         }
1795 
1796         let name = path[path.len() - 1].ident.name;
1797         // Make sure error reporting is deterministic.
1798         names.sort_by(|a, b| a.candidate.as_str().cmp(b.candidate.as_str()));
1799 
1800         match find_best_match_for_name(
1801             &names.iter().map(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate).collect::<Vec<Symbol>>(),
1802             name,
1803             None,
1804         ) {
1805             Some(found) => {
1806                 let Some(sugg) = names.into_iter().find(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate == found) else {
1807                     return TypoCandidate::None;
1808                 };
1809                 if found == name {
1810                     TypoCandidate::Shadowed(sugg.res, sugg.span)
1811                 } else {
1812                     TypoCandidate::Typo(sugg)
1813                 }
1814             }
1815             _ => TypoCandidate::None,
1816         }
1817     }
1818 
1819     // Returns the name of the Rust type approximately corresponding to
1820     // a type name in another programming language.
likely_rust_type(path: &[Segment]) -> Option<Symbol>1821     fn likely_rust_type(path: &[Segment]) -> Option<Symbol> {
1822         let name = path[path.len() - 1].ident.as_str();
1823         // Common Java types
1824         Some(match name {
1825             "byte" => sym::u8, // In Java, bytes are signed, but in practice one almost always wants unsigned bytes.
1826             "short" => sym::i16,
1827             "Bool" => sym::bool,
1828             "Boolean" => sym::bool,
1829             "boolean" => sym::bool,
1830             "int" => sym::i32,
1831             "long" => sym::i64,
1832             "float" => sym::f32,
1833             "double" => sym::f64,
1834             _ => return None,
1835         })
1836     }
1837 
1838     // try to give a suggestion for this pattern: `name = blah`, which is common in other languages
1839     // suggest `let name = blah` to introduce a new binding
let_binding_suggestion(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, ident_span: Span) -> bool1840     fn let_binding_suggestion(&mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, ident_span: Span) -> bool {
1841         if let Some(Expr { kind: ExprKind::Assign(lhs, .. ), .. }) = self.diagnostic_metadata.in_assignment &&
1842             let ast::ExprKind::Path(None, _) = lhs.kind {
1843                 if !ident_span.from_expansion() {
1844                     err.span_suggestion_verbose(
1845                         ident_span.shrink_to_lo(),
1846                         "you might have meant to introduce a new binding",
1847                         "let ".to_string(),
1848                         Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1849                     );
1850                     return true;
1851                 }
1852             }
1853         false
1854     }
1855 
find_module(&mut self, def_id: DefId) -> Option<(Module<'a>, ImportSuggestion)>1856     fn find_module(&mut self, def_id: DefId) -> Option<(Module<'a>, ImportSuggestion)> {
1857         let mut result = None;
1858         let mut seen_modules = FxHashSet::default();
1859         let mut worklist = vec![(self.r.graph_root, ThinVec::new())];
1860 
1861         while let Some((in_module, path_segments)) = worklist.pop() {
1862             // abort if the module is already found
1863             if result.is_some() {
1864                 break;
1865             }
1866 
1867             in_module.for_each_child(self.r, |_, ident, _, name_binding| {
1868                 // abort if the module is already found or if name_binding is private external
1869                 if result.is_some() || !name_binding.vis.is_visible_locally() {
1870                     return;
1871                 }
1872                 if let Some(module) = name_binding.module() {
1873                     // form the path
1874                     let mut path_segments = path_segments.clone();
1875                     path_segments.push(ast::PathSegment::from_ident(ident));
1876                     let module_def_id = module.def_id();
1877                     if module_def_id == def_id {
1878                         let path =
1879                             Path { span: name_binding.span, segments: path_segments, tokens: None };
1880                         result = Some((
1881                             module,
1882                             ImportSuggestion {
1883                                 did: Some(def_id),
1884                                 descr: "module",
1885                                 path,
1886                                 accessible: true,
1887                                 note: None,
1888                                 via_import: false,
1889                             },
1890                         ));
1891                     } else {
1892                         // add the module to the lookup
1893                         if seen_modules.insert(module_def_id) {
1894                             worklist.push((module, path_segments));
1895                         }
1896                     }
1897                 }
1898             });
1899         }
1900 
1901         result
1902     }
1903 
collect_enum_ctors(&mut self, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Vec<(Path, DefId, CtorKind)>>1904     fn collect_enum_ctors(&mut self, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Vec<(Path, DefId, CtorKind)>> {
1905         self.find_module(def_id).map(|(enum_module, enum_import_suggestion)| {
1906             let mut variants = Vec::new();
1907             enum_module.for_each_child(self.r, |_, ident, _, name_binding| {
1908                 if let Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Variant, kind), def_id) = name_binding.res() {
1909                     let mut segms = enum_import_suggestion.path.segments.clone();
1910                     segms.push(ast::PathSegment::from_ident(ident));
1911                     let path = Path { span: name_binding.span, segments: segms, tokens: None };
1912                     variants.push((path, def_id, kind));
1913                 }
1914             });
1915             variants
1916         })
1917     }
1918 
1919     /// Adds a suggestion for using an enum's variant when an enum is used instead.
suggest_using_enum_variant( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, source: PathSource<'_>, def_id: DefId, span: Span, )1920     fn suggest_using_enum_variant(
1921         &mut self,
1922         err: &mut Diagnostic,
1923         source: PathSource<'_>,
1924         def_id: DefId,
1925         span: Span,
1926     ) {
1927         let Some(variants) = self.collect_enum_ctors(def_id) else {
1928             err.note("you might have meant to use one of the enum's variants");
1929             return;
1930         };
1931 
1932         let suggest_only_tuple_variants =
1933             matches!(source, PathSource::TupleStruct(..)) || source.is_call();
1934         if suggest_only_tuple_variants {
1935             // Suggest only tuple variants regardless of whether they have fields and do not
1936             // suggest path with added parentheses.
1937             let suggestable_variants = variants
1938                 .iter()
1939                 .filter(|(.., kind)| *kind == CtorKind::Fn)
1940                 .map(|(variant, ..)| path_names_to_string(variant))
1941                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
1942 
1943             let non_suggestable_variant_count = variants.len() - suggestable_variants.len();
1944 
1945             let source_msg = if source.is_call() {
1946                 "to construct"
1947             } else if matches!(source, PathSource::TupleStruct(..)) {
1948                 "to match against"
1949             } else {
1950                 unreachable!()
1951             };
1952 
1953             if !suggestable_variants.is_empty() {
1954                 let msg = if non_suggestable_variant_count == 0 && suggestable_variants.len() == 1 {
1955                     format!("try {} the enum's variant", source_msg)
1956                 } else {
1957                     format!("try {} one of the enum's variants", source_msg)
1958                 };
1959 
1960                 err.span_suggestions(
1961                     span,
1962                     msg,
1963                     suggestable_variants,
1964                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
1965                 );
1966             }
1967 
1968             // If the enum has no tuple variants..
1969             if non_suggestable_variant_count == variants.len() {
1970                 err.help(format!("the enum has no tuple variants {}", source_msg));
1971             }
1972 
1973             // If there are also non-tuple variants..
1974             if non_suggestable_variant_count == 1 {
1975                 err.help(format!(
1976                     "you might have meant {} the enum's non-tuple variant",
1977                     source_msg
1978                 ));
1979             } else if non_suggestable_variant_count >= 1 {
1980                 err.help(format!(
1981                     "you might have meant {} one of the enum's non-tuple variants",
1982                     source_msg
1983                 ));
1984             }
1985         } else {
1986             let needs_placeholder = |ctor_def_id: DefId, kind: CtorKind| {
1987                 let def_id = self.r.tcx.parent(ctor_def_id);
1988                 match kind {
1989                     CtorKind::Const => false,
1990                     CtorKind::Fn => {
1991                         !self.r.field_def_ids(def_id).is_some_and(|field_ids| field_ids.is_empty())
1992                     }
1993                 }
1994             };
1995 
1996             let suggestable_variants = variants
1997                 .iter()
1998                 .filter(|(_, def_id, kind)| !needs_placeholder(*def_id, *kind))
1999                 .map(|(variant, _, kind)| (path_names_to_string(variant), kind))
2000                 .map(|(variant, kind)| match kind {
2001                     CtorKind::Const => variant,
2002                     CtorKind::Fn => format!("({}())", variant),
2003                 })
2004                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2005             let no_suggestable_variant = suggestable_variants.is_empty();
2006 
2007             if !no_suggestable_variant {
2008                 let msg = if suggestable_variants.len() == 1 {
2009                     "you might have meant to use the following enum variant"
2010                 } else {
2011                     "you might have meant to use one of the following enum variants"
2012                 };
2013 
2014                 err.span_suggestions(
2015                     span,
2016                     msg,
2017                     suggestable_variants,
2018                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
2019                 );
2020             }
2021 
2022             let suggestable_variants_with_placeholders = variants
2023                 .iter()
2024                 .filter(|(_, def_id, kind)| needs_placeholder(*def_id, *kind))
2025                 .map(|(variant, _, kind)| (path_names_to_string(variant), kind))
2026                 .filter_map(|(variant, kind)| match kind {
2027                     CtorKind::Fn => Some(format!("({}(/* fields */))", variant)),
2028                     _ => None,
2029                 })
2030                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2031 
2032             if !suggestable_variants_with_placeholders.is_empty() {
2033                 let msg =
2034                     match (no_suggestable_variant, suggestable_variants_with_placeholders.len()) {
2035                         (true, 1) => "the following enum variant is available",
2036                         (true, _) => "the following enum variants are available",
2037                         (false, 1) => "alternatively, the following enum variant is available",
2038                         (false, _) => {
2039                             "alternatively, the following enum variants are also available"
2040                         }
2041                     };
2042 
2043                 err.span_suggestions(
2044                     span,
2045                     msg,
2046                     suggestable_variants_with_placeholders,
2047                     Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
2048                 );
2049             }
2050         };
2051 
2052         if def_id.is_local() {
2053             err.span_note(self.r.def_span(def_id), "the enum is defined here");
2054         }
2055     }
2056 
suggest_adding_generic_parameter( &self, path: &[Segment], source: PathSource<'_>, ) -> Option<(Span, &'static str, String, Applicability)>2057     pub(crate) fn suggest_adding_generic_parameter(
2058         &self,
2059         path: &[Segment],
2060         source: PathSource<'_>,
2061     ) -> Option<(Span, &'static str, String, Applicability)> {
2062         let (ident, span) = match path {
2063             [segment]
2064                 if !segment.has_generic_args
2065                     && segment.ident.name != kw::SelfUpper
2066                     && segment.ident.name != kw::Dyn =>
2067             {
2068                 (segment.ident.to_string(), segment.ident.span)
2069             }
2070             _ => return None,
2071         };
2072         let mut iter = ident.chars().map(|c| c.is_uppercase());
2073         let single_uppercase_char =
2074             matches!(iter.next(), Some(true)) && matches!(iter.next(), None);
2075         if !self.diagnostic_metadata.currently_processing_generics && !single_uppercase_char {
2076             return None;
2077         }
2078         match (self.diagnostic_metadata.current_item, single_uppercase_char, self.diagnostic_metadata.currently_processing_generics) {
2079             (Some(Item { kind: ItemKind::Fn(..), ident, .. }), _, _) if ident.name == sym::main => {
2080                 // Ignore `fn main()` as we don't want to suggest `fn main<T>()`
2081             }
2082             (
2083                 Some(Item {
2084                     kind:
2085                         kind @ ItemKind::Fn(..)
2086                         | kind @ ItemKind::Enum(..)
2087                         | kind @ ItemKind::Struct(..)
2088                         | kind @ ItemKind::Union(..),
2089                     ..
2090                 }),
2091                 true, _
2092             )
2093             // Without the 2nd `true`, we'd suggest `impl <T>` for `impl T` when a type `T` isn't found
2094             | (Some(Item { kind: kind @ ItemKind::Impl(..), .. }), true, true)
2095             | (Some(Item { kind, .. }), false, _) => {
2096                 if let Some(generics) = kind.generics() {
2097                     if span.overlaps(generics.span) {
2098                         // Avoid the following:
2099                         // error[E0405]: cannot find trait `A` in this scope
2100                         //  --> $DIR/typo-suggestion-named-underscore.rs:CC:LL
2101                         //   |
2102                         // L | fn foo<T: A>(x: T) {} // Shouldn't suggest underscore
2103                         //   |           ^- help: you might be missing a type parameter: `, A`
2104                         //   |           |
2105                         //   |           not found in this scope
2106                         return None;
2107                     }
2108 
2109                     let (msg, sugg) = match source {
2110                         PathSource::Type => ("you might be missing a type parameter", ident),
2111                         PathSource::Expr(_) => ("you might be missing a const parameter", format!("const {ident}: /* Type */")),
2112                         _ => return None,
2113                     };
2114                     let (span, sugg) = if let [.., param] = &generics.params[..] {
2115                         let span = if let [.., bound] = &param.bounds[..] {
2116                             bound.span()
2117                         } else if let GenericParam {
2118                             kind: GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: _, default  }, ..
2119                         } = param {
2120                             default.as_ref().map(|def| def.value.span).unwrap_or(ty.span)
2121                         } else {
2122                             param.ident.span
2123                         };
2124                         (span, format!(", {sugg}"))
2125                     } else {
2126                         (generics.span, format!("<{sugg}>"))
2127                     };
2128                     // Do not suggest if this is coming from macro expansion.
2129                     if span.can_be_used_for_suggestions() {
2130                         return Some((
2131                             span.shrink_to_hi(),
2132                             msg,
2133                             sugg,
2134                             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
2135                         ));
2136                     }
2137                 }
2138             }
2139             _ => {}
2140         }
2141         None
2142     }
2143 
2144     /// Given the target `label`, search the `rib_index`th label rib for similarly named labels,
2145     /// optionally returning the closest match and whether it is reachable.
suggestion_for_label_in_rib( &self, rib_index: usize, label: Ident, ) -> Option<LabelSuggestion>2146     pub(crate) fn suggestion_for_label_in_rib(
2147         &self,
2148         rib_index: usize,
2149         label: Ident,
2150     ) -> Option<LabelSuggestion> {
2151         // Are ribs from this `rib_index` within scope?
2152         let within_scope = self.is_label_valid_from_rib(rib_index);
2153 
2154         let rib = &self.label_ribs[rib_index];
2155         let names = rib
2156             .bindings
2157             .iter()
2158             .filter(|(id, _)| id.span.eq_ctxt(label.span))
2159             .map(|(id, _)| id.name)
2160             .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>();
2161 
2162         find_best_match_for_name(&names, label.name, None).map(|symbol| {
2163             // Upon finding a similar name, get the ident that it was from - the span
2164             // contained within helps make a useful diagnostic. In addition, determine
2165             // whether this candidate is within scope.
2166             let (ident, _) = rib.bindings.iter().find(|(ident, _)| ident.name == symbol).unwrap();
2167             (*ident, within_scope)
2168         })
2169     }
2170 
maybe_report_lifetime_uses( &mut self, generics_span: Span, params: &[ast::GenericParam], )2171     pub(crate) fn maybe_report_lifetime_uses(
2172         &mut self,
2173         generics_span: Span,
2174         params: &[ast::GenericParam],
2175     ) {
2176         for (param_index, param) in params.iter().enumerate() {
2177             let GenericParamKind::Lifetime = param.kind else { continue };
2178 
2179             let def_id = self.r.local_def_id(param.id);
2180 
2181             let use_set = self.lifetime_uses.remove(&def_id);
2182             debug!(
2183                 "Use set for {:?}({:?} at {:?}) is {:?}",
2184                 def_id, param.ident, param.ident.span, use_set
2185             );
2186 
2187             let deletion_span = || {
2188                 if params.len() == 1 {
2189                     // if sole lifetime, remove the entire `<>` brackets
2190                     Some(generics_span)
2191                 } else if param_index == 0 {
2192                     // if removing within `<>` brackets, we also want to
2193                     // delete a leading or trailing comma as appropriate
2194                     match (
2195                         param.span().find_ancestor_inside(generics_span),
2196                         params[param_index + 1].span().find_ancestor_inside(generics_span),
2197                     ) {
2198                         (Some(param_span), Some(next_param_span)) => {
2199                             Some(param_span.to(next_param_span.shrink_to_lo()))
2200                         }
2201                         _ => None,
2202                     }
2203                 } else {
2204                     // if removing within `<>` brackets, we also want to
2205                     // delete a leading or trailing comma as appropriate
2206                     match (
2207                         param.span().find_ancestor_inside(generics_span),
2208                         params[param_index - 1].span().find_ancestor_inside(generics_span),
2209                     ) {
2210                         (Some(param_span), Some(prev_param_span)) => {
2211                             Some(prev_param_span.shrink_to_hi().to(param_span))
2212                         }
2213                         _ => None,
2214                     }
2215                 }
2216             };
2217             match use_set {
2218                 Some(LifetimeUseSet::Many) => {}
2219                 Some(LifetimeUseSet::One { use_span, use_ctxt }) => {
2220                     debug!(?param.ident, ?param.ident.span, ?use_span);
2221 
2222                     let elidable = matches!(use_ctxt, LifetimeCtxt::Ref);
2223 
2224                     let deletion_span = deletion_span();
2225                     self.r.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
2226                         lint::builtin::SINGLE_USE_LIFETIMES,
2227                         param.id,
2228                         param.ident.span,
2229                         format!("lifetime parameter `{}` only used once", param.ident),
2230                         lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics::SingleUseLifetime {
2231                             param_span: param.ident.span,
2232                             use_span: Some((use_span, elidable)),
2233                             deletion_span,
2234                         },
2235                     );
2236                 }
2237                 None => {
2238                     debug!(?param.ident, ?param.ident.span);
2239                     let deletion_span = deletion_span();
2240 
2241                     // if the lifetime originates from expanded code, we won't be able to remove it #104432
2242                     if deletion_span.is_some_and(|sp| !sp.in_derive_expansion()) {
2243                         self.r.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
2244                             lint::builtin::UNUSED_LIFETIMES,
2245                             param.id,
2246                             param.ident.span,
2247                             format!("lifetime parameter `{}` never used", param.ident),
2248                             lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics::SingleUseLifetime {
2249                                 param_span: param.ident.span,
2250                                 use_span: None,
2251                                 deletion_span,
2252                             },
2253                         );
2254                     }
2255                 }
2256             }
2257         }
2258     }
2259 
emit_undeclared_lifetime_error( &self, lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime, outer_lifetime_ref: Option<Ident>, )2260     pub(crate) fn emit_undeclared_lifetime_error(
2261         &self,
2262         lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime,
2263         outer_lifetime_ref: Option<Ident>,
2264     ) {
2265         debug_assert_ne!(lifetime_ref.ident.name, kw::UnderscoreLifetime);
2266         let mut err = if let Some(outer) = outer_lifetime_ref {
2267             let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2268                 self.r.tcx.sess,
2269                 lifetime_ref.ident.span,
2270                 E0401,
2271                 "can't use generic parameters from outer item",
2272             );
2273             err.span_label(lifetime_ref.ident.span, "use of generic parameter from outer item");
2274             err.span_label(outer.span, "lifetime parameter from outer item");
2275             err
2276         } else {
2277             let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2278                 self.r.tcx.sess,
2279                 lifetime_ref.ident.span,
2280                 E0261,
2281                 "use of undeclared lifetime name `{}`",
2282                 lifetime_ref.ident
2283             );
2284             err.span_label(lifetime_ref.ident.span, "undeclared lifetime");
2285             err
2286         };
2287         self.suggest_introducing_lifetime(
2288             &mut err,
2289             Some(lifetime_ref.ident.name.as_str()),
2290             |err, _, span, message, suggestion| {
2291                 err.span_suggestion(span, message, suggestion, Applicability::MaybeIncorrect);
2292                 true
2293             },
2294         );
2295         err.emit();
2296     }
2297 
suggest_introducing_lifetime( &self, err: &mut Diagnostic, name: Option<&str>, suggest: impl Fn(&mut Diagnostic, bool, Span, Cow<'static, str>, String) -> bool, )2298     fn suggest_introducing_lifetime(
2299         &self,
2300         err: &mut Diagnostic,
2301         name: Option<&str>,
2302         suggest: impl Fn(&mut Diagnostic, bool, Span, Cow<'static, str>, String) -> bool,
2303     ) {
2304         let mut suggest_note = true;
2305         for rib in self.lifetime_ribs.iter().rev() {
2306             let mut should_continue = true;
2307             match rib.kind {
2308                 LifetimeRibKind::Generics { binder: _, span, kind } => {
2309                     if !span.can_be_used_for_suggestions() && suggest_note && let Some(name) = name {
2310                         suggest_note = false; // Avoid displaying the same help multiple times.
2311                         err.span_label(
2312                             span,
2313                             format!(
2314                                 "lifetime `{}` is missing in item created through this procedural macro",
2315                                 name,
2316                             ),
2317                         );
2318                         continue;
2319                     }
2320 
2321                     let higher_ranked = matches!(
2322                         kind,
2323                         LifetimeBinderKind::BareFnType
2324                             | LifetimeBinderKind::PolyTrait
2325                             | LifetimeBinderKind::WhereBound
2326                     );
2327                     let (span, sugg) = if span.is_empty() {
2328                         let sugg = format!(
2329                             "{}<{}>{}",
2330                             if higher_ranked { "for" } else { "" },
2331                             name.unwrap_or("'a"),
2332                             if higher_ranked { " " } else { "" },
2333                         );
2334                         (span, sugg)
2335                     } else {
2336                         let span = self
2337                             .r
2338                             .tcx
2339                             .sess
2340                             .source_map()
2341                             .span_through_char(span, '<')
2342                             .shrink_to_hi();
2343                         let sugg = format!("{}, ", name.unwrap_or("'a"));
2344                         (span, sugg)
2345                     };
2346                     if higher_ranked {
2347                         let message = Cow::from(format!(
2348                             "consider making the {} lifetime-generic with a new `{}` lifetime",
2349                             kind.descr(),
2350                             name.unwrap_or("'a"),
2351                         ));
2352                         should_continue = suggest(err, true, span, message, sugg);
2353                         err.note_once(
2354                             "for more information on higher-ranked polymorphism, visit \
2355                              https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/hrtb.html",
2356                         );
2357                     } else if let Some(name) = name {
2358                         let message =
2359                             Cow::from(format!("consider introducing lifetime `{}` here", name));
2360                         should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, message, sugg);
2361                     } else {
2362                         let message = Cow::from("consider introducing a named lifetime parameter");
2363                         should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, message, sugg);
2364                     }
2365                 }
2366                 LifetimeRibKind::Item => break,
2367                 _ => {}
2368             }
2369             if !should_continue {
2370                 break;
2371             }
2372         }
2373     }
2374 
emit_non_static_lt_in_const_param_ty_error(&self, lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime)2375     pub(crate) fn emit_non_static_lt_in_const_param_ty_error(&self, lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime) {
2376         self.r
2377             .tcx
2378             .sess
2379             .create_err(errors::ParamInTyOfConstParam {
2380                 span: lifetime_ref.ident.span,
2381                 name: lifetime_ref.ident.name,
2382                 param_kind: Some(errors::ParamKindInTyOfConstParam::Lifetime),
2383             })
2384             .emit();
2385     }
2386 
2387     /// Non-static lifetimes are prohibited in anonymous constants under `min_const_generics`.
2388     /// This function will emit an error if `generic_const_exprs` is not enabled, the body identified by
2389     /// `body_id` is an anonymous constant and `lifetime_ref` is non-static.
emit_forbidden_non_static_lifetime_error( &self, cause: NoConstantGenericsReason, lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime, )2390     pub(crate) fn emit_forbidden_non_static_lifetime_error(
2391         &self,
2392         cause: NoConstantGenericsReason,
2393         lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime,
2394     ) {
2395         match cause {
2396             NoConstantGenericsReason::IsEnumDiscriminant => {
2397                 self.r
2398                     .tcx
2399                     .sess
2400                     .create_err(errors::ParamInEnumDiscriminant {
2401                         span: lifetime_ref.ident.span,
2402                         name: lifetime_ref.ident.name,
2403                         param_kind: errors::ParamKindInEnumDiscriminant::Lifetime,
2404                     })
2405                     .emit();
2406             }
2407             NoConstantGenericsReason::NonTrivialConstArg => {
2408                 assert!(!self.r.tcx.features().generic_const_exprs);
2409                 self.r
2410                     .tcx
2411                     .sess
2412                     .create_err(errors::ParamInNonTrivialAnonConst {
2413                         span: lifetime_ref.ident.span,
2414                         name: lifetime_ref.ident.name,
2415                         param_kind: errors::ParamKindInNonTrivialAnonConst::Lifetime,
2416                         help: self
2417                             .r
2418                             .tcx
2419                             .sess
2420                             .is_nightly_build()
2421                             .then_some(errors::ParamInNonTrivialAnonConstHelp),
2422                     })
2423                     .emit();
2424             }
2425         }
2426     }
2427 
report_missing_lifetime_specifiers( &mut self, lifetime_refs: Vec<MissingLifetime>, function_param_lifetimes: Option<(Vec<MissingLifetime>, Vec<ElisionFnParameter>)>, ) -> ErrorGuaranteed2428     pub(crate) fn report_missing_lifetime_specifiers(
2429         &mut self,
2430         lifetime_refs: Vec<MissingLifetime>,
2431         function_param_lifetimes: Option<(Vec<MissingLifetime>, Vec<ElisionFnParameter>)>,
2432     ) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
2433         let num_lifetimes: usize = lifetime_refs.iter().map(|lt| lt.count).sum();
2434         let spans: Vec<_> = lifetime_refs.iter().map(|lt| lt.span).collect();
2435 
2436         let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2437             self.r.tcx.sess,
2438             spans,
2439             E0106,
2440             "missing lifetime specifier{}",
2441             pluralize!(num_lifetimes)
2442         );
2443         self.add_missing_lifetime_specifiers_label(
2444             &mut err,
2445             lifetime_refs,
2446             function_param_lifetimes,
2447         );
2448         err.emit()
2449     }
2450 
add_missing_lifetime_specifiers_label( &mut self, err: &mut Diagnostic, lifetime_refs: Vec<MissingLifetime>, function_param_lifetimes: Option<(Vec<MissingLifetime>, Vec<ElisionFnParameter>)>, )2451     fn add_missing_lifetime_specifiers_label(
2452         &mut self,
2453         err: &mut Diagnostic,
2454         lifetime_refs: Vec<MissingLifetime>,
2455         function_param_lifetimes: Option<(Vec<MissingLifetime>, Vec<ElisionFnParameter>)>,
2456     ) {
2457         for &lt in &lifetime_refs {
2458             err.span_label(
2459                 lt.span,
2460                 format!(
2461                     "expected {} lifetime parameter{}",
2462                     if lt.count == 1 { "named".to_string() } else { lt.count.to_string() },
2463                     pluralize!(lt.count),
2464                 ),
2465             );
2466         }
2467 
2468         let mut in_scope_lifetimes: Vec<_> = self
2469             .lifetime_ribs
2470             .iter()
2471             .rev()
2472             .take_while(|rib| !matches!(rib.kind, LifetimeRibKind::Item))
2473             .flat_map(|rib| rib.bindings.iter())
2474             .map(|(&ident, &res)| (ident, res))
2475             .filter(|(ident, _)| ident.name != kw::UnderscoreLifetime)
2476             .collect();
2477         debug!(?in_scope_lifetimes);
2478 
2479         debug!(?function_param_lifetimes);
2480         if let Some((param_lifetimes, params)) = &function_param_lifetimes {
2481             let elided_len = param_lifetimes.len();
2482             let num_params = params.len();
2483 
2484             let mut m = String::new();
2485 
2486             for (i, info) in params.iter().enumerate() {
2487                 let ElisionFnParameter { ident, index, lifetime_count, span } = *info;
2488                 debug_assert_ne!(lifetime_count, 0);
2489 
2490                 err.span_label(span, "");
2491 
2492                 if i != 0 {
2493                     if i + 1 < num_params {
2494                         m.push_str(", ");
2495                     } else if num_params == 2 {
2496                         m.push_str(" or ");
2497                     } else {
2498                         m.push_str(", or ");
2499                     }
2500                 }
2501 
2502                 let help_name = if let Some(ident) = ident {
2503                     format!("`{}`", ident)
2504                 } else {
2505                     format!("argument {}", index + 1)
2506                 };
2507 
2508                 if lifetime_count == 1 {
2509                     m.push_str(&help_name[..])
2510                 } else {
2511                     m.push_str(&format!("one of {}'s {} lifetimes", help_name, lifetime_count)[..])
2512                 }
2513             }
2514 
2515             if num_params == 0 {
2516                 err.help(
2517                     "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, \
2518                  but there is no value for it to be borrowed from",
2519                 );
2520                 if in_scope_lifetimes.is_empty() {
2521                     in_scope_lifetimes = vec![(
2522                         Ident::with_dummy_span(kw::StaticLifetime),
2523                         (DUMMY_NODE_ID, LifetimeRes::Static),
2524                     )];
2525                 }
2526             } else if elided_len == 0 {
2527                 err.help(
2528                     "this function's return type contains a borrowed value with \
2529                  an elided lifetime, but the lifetime cannot be derived from \
2530                  the arguments",
2531                 );
2532                 if in_scope_lifetimes.is_empty() {
2533                     in_scope_lifetimes = vec![(
2534                         Ident::with_dummy_span(kw::StaticLifetime),
2535                         (DUMMY_NODE_ID, LifetimeRes::Static),
2536                     )];
2537                 }
2538             } else if num_params == 1 {
2539                 err.help(format!(
2540                     "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, \
2541                  but the signature does not say which {} it is borrowed from",
2542                     m
2543                 ));
2544             } else {
2545                 err.help(format!(
2546                     "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, \
2547                  but the signature does not say whether it is borrowed from {}",
2548                     m
2549                 ));
2550             }
2551         }
2552 
2553         let existing_name = match &in_scope_lifetimes[..] {
2554             [] => Symbol::intern("'a"),
2555             [(existing, _)] => existing.name,
2556             _ => Symbol::intern("'lifetime"),
2557         };
2558 
2559         let mut spans_suggs: Vec<_> = Vec::new();
2560         let build_sugg = |lt: MissingLifetime| match lt.kind {
2561             MissingLifetimeKind::Underscore => {
2562                 debug_assert_eq!(lt.count, 1);
2563                 (lt.span, existing_name.to_string())
2564             }
2565             MissingLifetimeKind::Ampersand => {
2566                 debug_assert_eq!(lt.count, 1);
2567                 (lt.span.shrink_to_hi(), format!("{} ", existing_name))
2568             }
2569             MissingLifetimeKind::Comma => {
2570                 let sugg: String = std::iter::repeat([existing_name.as_str(), ", "])
2571                     .take(lt.count)
2572                     .flatten()
2573                     .collect();
2574                 (lt.span.shrink_to_hi(), sugg)
2575             }
2576             MissingLifetimeKind::Brackets => {
2577                 let sugg: String = std::iter::once("<")
2578                     .chain(
2579                         std::iter::repeat(existing_name.as_str()).take(lt.count).intersperse(", "),
2580                     )
2581                     .chain([">"])
2582                     .collect();
2583                 (lt.span.shrink_to_hi(), sugg)
2584             }
2585         };
2586         for &lt in &lifetime_refs {
2587             spans_suggs.push(build_sugg(lt));
2588         }
2589         debug!(?spans_suggs);
2590         match in_scope_lifetimes.len() {
2591             0 => {
2592                 if let Some((param_lifetimes, _)) = function_param_lifetimes {
2593                     for lt in param_lifetimes {
2594                         spans_suggs.push(build_sugg(lt))
2595                     }
2596                 }
2597                 self.suggest_introducing_lifetime(
2598                     err,
2599                     None,
2600                     |err, higher_ranked, span, message, intro_sugg| {
2601                         err.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
2602                             message,
2603                             std::iter::once((span, intro_sugg))
2604                                 .chain(spans_suggs.iter().cloned())
2605                                 .collect(),
2606                             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
2607                         );
2608                         higher_ranked
2609                     },
2610                 );
2611             }
2612             1 => {
2613                 err.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
2614                     format!("consider using the `{}` lifetime", existing_name),
2615                     spans_suggs,
2616                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
2617                 );
2618 
2619                 // Record as using the suggested resolution.
2620                 let (_, (_, res)) = in_scope_lifetimes[0];
2621                 for &lt in &lifetime_refs {
2622                     self.r.lifetimes_res_map.insert(lt.id, res);
2623                 }
2624             }
2625             _ => {
2626                 let lifetime_spans: Vec<_> =
2627                     in_scope_lifetimes.iter().map(|(ident, _)| ident.span).collect();
2628                 err.span_note(lifetime_spans, "these named lifetimes are available to use");
2629 
2630                 if spans_suggs.len() > 0 {
2631                     // This happens when we have `Foo<T>` where we point at the space before `T`,
2632                     // but this can be confusing so we give a suggestion with placeholders.
2633                     err.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
2634                         "consider using one of the available lifetimes here",
2635                         spans_suggs,
2636                         Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
2637                     );
2638                 }
2639             }
2640         }
2641     }
2642 }
2643 
mk_where_bound_predicate( path: &Path, poly_trait_ref: &ast::PolyTraitRef, ty: &ast::Ty, ) -> Option<ast::WhereBoundPredicate>2644 fn mk_where_bound_predicate(
2645     path: &Path,
2646     poly_trait_ref: &ast::PolyTraitRef,
2647     ty: &ast::Ty,
2648 ) -> Option<ast::WhereBoundPredicate> {
2649     use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
2650     let modified_segments = {
2651         let mut segments = path.segments.clone();
2652         let [preceding @ .., second_last, last] = segments.as_mut_slice() else { return None; };
2653         let mut segments = ThinVec::from(preceding);
2654 
2655         let added_constraint = ast::AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(ast::AssocConstraint {
2656             id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
2657             ident: last.ident,
2658             gen_args: None,
2659             kind: ast::AssocConstraintKind::Equality {
2660                 term: ast::Term::Ty(ast::ptr::P(ast::Ty {
2661                     kind: ast::TyKind::Path(None, poly_trait_ref.trait_ref.path.clone()),
2662                     id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
2663                     span: DUMMY_SP,
2664                     tokens: None,
2665                 })),
2666             },
2667             span: DUMMY_SP,
2668         });
2669 
2670         match second_last.args.as_deref_mut() {
2671             Some(ast::GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ast::AngleBracketedArgs { args, .. })) => {
2672                 args.push(added_constraint);
2673             }
2674             Some(_) => return None,
2675             None => {
2676                 second_last.args =
2677                     Some(ast::ptr::P(ast::GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ast::AngleBracketedArgs {
2678                         args: ThinVec::from([added_constraint]),
2679                         span: DUMMY_SP,
2680                     })));
2681             }
2682         }
2683 
2684         segments.push(second_last.clone());
2685         segments
2686     };
2687 
2688     let new_where_bound_predicate = ast::WhereBoundPredicate {
2689         span: DUMMY_SP,
2690         bound_generic_params: ThinVec::new(),
2691         bounded_ty: ast::ptr::P(ty.clone()),
2692         bounds: vec![ast::GenericBound::Trait(
2693             ast::PolyTraitRef {
2694                 bound_generic_params: ThinVec::new(),
2695                 trait_ref: ast::TraitRef {
2696                     path: ast::Path { segments: modified_segments, span: DUMMY_SP, tokens: None },
2697                     ref_id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
2698                 },
2699                 span: DUMMY_SP,
2700             },
2701             ast::TraitBoundModifier::None,
2702         )],
2703     };
2704 
2705     Some(new_where_bound_predicate)
2706 }
2707 
2708 /// Report lifetime/lifetime shadowing as an error.
signal_lifetime_shadowing(sess: &Session, orig: Ident, shadower: Ident)2709 pub(super) fn signal_lifetime_shadowing(sess: &Session, orig: Ident, shadower: Ident) {
2710     let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2711         sess,
2712         shadower.span,
2713         E0496,
2714         "lifetime name `{}` shadows a lifetime name that is already in scope",
2715         orig.name,
2716     );
2717     err.span_label(orig.span, "first declared here");
2718     err.span_label(shadower.span, format!("lifetime `{}` already in scope", orig.name));
2719     err.emit();
2720 }
2721 
2722 /// Shadowing involving a label is only a warning for historical reasons.
2723 //FIXME: make this a proper lint.
signal_label_shadowing(sess: &Session, orig: Span, shadower: Ident)2724 pub(super) fn signal_label_shadowing(sess: &Session, orig: Span, shadower: Ident) {
2725     let name = shadower.name;
2726     let shadower = shadower.span;
2727     let mut err = sess.struct_span_warn(
2728         shadower,
2729         format!("label name `{}` shadows a label name that is already in scope", name),
2730     );
2731     err.span_label(orig, "first declared here");
2732     err.span_label(shadower, format!("label `{}` already in scope", name));
2733     err.emit();
2734 }
2735