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1 //===- llvm/Analysis/AliasSetTracker.h - Build Alias Sets -------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // This file defines two classes: AliasSetTracker and AliasSet. These interfaces
11 // are used to classify a collection of pointer references into a maximal number
12 // of disjoint sets. Each AliasSet object constructed by the AliasSetTracker
13 // object refers to memory disjoint from the other sets.
14 //
15 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
16 
17 #ifndef LLVM_ANALYSIS_ALIASSETTRACKER_H
18 #define LLVM_ANALYSIS_ALIASSETTRACKER_H
19 
20 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
21 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMapInfo.h"
22 #include "llvm/ADT/ilist.h"
23 #include "llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h"
24 #include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
25 #include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
26 #include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h"
27 #include "llvm/IR/ValueHandle.h"
28 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
29 #include <cassert>
30 #include <cstddef>
31 #include <cstdint>
32 #include <iterator>
33 #include <vector>
34 
35 namespace llvm {
36 
37 class AliasSetTracker;
38 class BasicBlock;
39 class LoadInst;
40 class AnyMemSetInst;
41 class AnyMemTransferInst;
42 class raw_ostream;
43 class StoreInst;
44 class VAArgInst;
45 class Value;
46 
47 class AliasSet : public ilist_node<AliasSet> {
48   friend class AliasSetTracker;
49 
50   class PointerRec {
51     Value *Val;  // The pointer this record corresponds to.
52     PointerRec **PrevInList = nullptr;
53     PointerRec *NextInList = nullptr;
54     AliasSet *AS = nullptr;
55     LocationSize Size = 0;
56     AAMDNodes AAInfo;
57 
58   public:
PointerRec(Value * V)59     PointerRec(Value *V)
60       : Val(V), AAInfo(DenseMapInfo<AAMDNodes>::getEmptyKey()) {}
61 
getValue()62     Value *getValue() const { return Val; }
63 
getNext()64     PointerRec *getNext() const { return NextInList; }
hasAliasSet()65     bool hasAliasSet() const { return AS != nullptr; }
66 
setPrevInList(PointerRec ** PIL)67     PointerRec** setPrevInList(PointerRec **PIL) {
68       PrevInList = PIL;
69       return &NextInList;
70     }
71 
updateSizeAndAAInfo(LocationSize NewSize,const AAMDNodes & NewAAInfo)72     bool updateSizeAndAAInfo(LocationSize NewSize, const AAMDNodes &NewAAInfo) {
73       bool SizeChanged = false;
74       if (NewSize > Size) {
75         Size = NewSize;
76         SizeChanged = true;
77       }
78 
79       if (AAInfo == DenseMapInfo<AAMDNodes>::getEmptyKey())
80         // We don't have a AAInfo yet. Set it to NewAAInfo.
81         AAInfo = NewAAInfo;
82       else {
83         AAMDNodes Intersection(AAInfo.intersect(NewAAInfo));
84         if (!Intersection) {
85           // NewAAInfo conflicts with AAInfo.
86           AAInfo = DenseMapInfo<AAMDNodes>::getTombstoneKey();
87           return SizeChanged;
88         }
89         AAInfo = Intersection;
90       }
91       return SizeChanged;
92     }
93 
getSize()94     LocationSize getSize() const { return Size; }
95 
96     /// Return the AAInfo, or null if there is no information or conflicting
97     /// information.
getAAInfo()98     AAMDNodes getAAInfo() const {
99       // If we have missing or conflicting AAInfo, return null.
100       if (AAInfo == DenseMapInfo<AAMDNodes>::getEmptyKey() ||
101           AAInfo == DenseMapInfo<AAMDNodes>::getTombstoneKey())
102         return AAMDNodes();
103       return AAInfo;
104     }
105 
getAliasSet(AliasSetTracker & AST)106     AliasSet *getAliasSet(AliasSetTracker &AST) {
107       assert(AS && "No AliasSet yet!");
108       if (AS->Forward) {
109         AliasSet *OldAS = AS;
110         AS = OldAS->getForwardedTarget(AST);
111         AS->addRef();
112         OldAS->dropRef(AST);
113       }
114       return AS;
115     }
116 
setAliasSet(AliasSet * as)117     void setAliasSet(AliasSet *as) {
118       assert(!AS && "Already have an alias set!");
119       AS = as;
120     }
121 
eraseFromList()122     void eraseFromList() {
123       if (NextInList) NextInList->PrevInList = PrevInList;
124       *PrevInList = NextInList;
125       if (AS->PtrListEnd == &NextInList) {
126         AS->PtrListEnd = PrevInList;
127         assert(*AS->PtrListEnd == nullptr && "List not terminated right!");
128       }
129       delete this;
130     }
131   };
132 
133   // Doubly linked list of nodes.
134   PointerRec *PtrList = nullptr;
135   PointerRec **PtrListEnd;
136   // Forwarding pointer.
137   AliasSet *Forward = nullptr;
138 
139   /// All instructions without a specific address in this alias set.
140   /// In rare cases this vector can have a null'ed out WeakVH
141   /// instances (can happen if some other loop pass deletes an
142   /// instruction in this list).
143   std::vector<WeakVH> UnknownInsts;
144 
145   /// Number of nodes pointing to this AliasSet plus the number of AliasSets
146   /// forwarding to it.
147   unsigned RefCount : 27;
148 
149   // Signifies that this set should be considered to alias any pointer.
150   // Use when the tracker holding this set is saturated.
151   unsigned AliasAny : 1;
152 
153   /// The kinds of access this alias set models.
154   ///
155   /// We keep track of whether this alias set merely refers to the locations of
156   /// memory (and not any particular access), whether it modifies or references
157   /// the memory, or whether it does both. The lattice goes from "NoAccess" to
158   /// either RefAccess or ModAccess, then to ModRefAccess as necessary.
159   enum AccessLattice {
160     NoAccess = 0,
161     RefAccess = 1,
162     ModAccess = 2,
163     ModRefAccess = RefAccess | ModAccess
164   };
165   unsigned Access : 2;
166 
167   /// The kind of alias relationship between pointers of the set.
168   ///
169   /// These represent conservatively correct alias results between any members
170   /// of the set. We represent these independently of the values of alias
171   /// results in order to pack it into a single bit. Lattice goes from
172   /// MustAlias to MayAlias.
173   enum AliasLattice {
174     SetMustAlias = 0, SetMayAlias = 1
175   };
176   unsigned Alias : 1;
177 
178   /// True if this alias set contains volatile loads or stores.
179   unsigned Volatile : 1;
180 
181   unsigned SetSize = 0;
182 
addRef()183   void addRef() { ++RefCount; }
184 
dropRef(AliasSetTracker & AST)185   void dropRef(AliasSetTracker &AST) {
186     assert(RefCount >= 1 && "Invalid reference count detected!");
187     if (--RefCount == 0)
188       removeFromTracker(AST);
189   }
190 
getUnknownInst(unsigned i)191   Instruction *getUnknownInst(unsigned i) const {
192     assert(i < UnknownInsts.size());
193     return cast_or_null<Instruction>(UnknownInsts[i]);
194   }
195 
196 public:
197   AliasSet(const AliasSet &) = delete;
198   AliasSet &operator=(const AliasSet &) = delete;
199 
200   /// Accessors...
isRef()201   bool isRef() const { return Access & RefAccess; }
isMod()202   bool isMod() const { return Access & ModAccess; }
isMustAlias()203   bool isMustAlias() const { return Alias == SetMustAlias; }
isMayAlias()204   bool isMayAlias()  const { return Alias == SetMayAlias; }
205 
206   /// Return true if this alias set contains volatile loads or stores.
isVolatile()207   bool isVolatile() const { return Volatile; }
208 
209   /// Return true if this alias set should be ignored as part of the
210   /// AliasSetTracker object.
isForwardingAliasSet()211   bool isForwardingAliasSet() const { return Forward; }
212 
213   /// Merge the specified alias set into this alias set.
214   void mergeSetIn(AliasSet &AS, AliasSetTracker &AST);
215 
216   // Alias Set iteration - Allow access to all of the pointers which are part of
217   // this alias set.
218   class iterator;
begin()219   iterator begin() const { return iterator(PtrList); }
end()220   iterator end()   const { return iterator(); }
empty()221   bool empty() const { return PtrList == nullptr; }
222 
223   // Unfortunately, ilist::size() is linear, so we have to add code to keep
224   // track of the list's exact size.
size()225   unsigned size() { return SetSize; }
226 
227   void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
228   void dump() const;
229 
230   /// Define an iterator for alias sets... this is just a forward iterator.
231   class iterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag,
232                                         PointerRec, ptrdiff_t> {
233     PointerRec *CurNode;
234 
235   public:
CurNode(CN)236     explicit iterator(PointerRec *CN = nullptr) : CurNode(CN) {}
237 
238     bool operator==(const iterator& x) const {
239       return CurNode == x.CurNode;
240     }
241     bool operator!=(const iterator& x) const { return !operator==(x); }
242 
243     value_type &operator*() const {
244       assert(CurNode && "Dereferencing AliasSet.end()!");
245       return *CurNode;
246     }
247     value_type *operator->() const { return &operator*(); }
248 
getPointer()249     Value *getPointer() const { return CurNode->getValue(); }
getSize()250     LocationSize getSize() const { return CurNode->getSize(); }
getAAInfo()251     AAMDNodes getAAInfo() const { return CurNode->getAAInfo(); }
252 
253     iterator& operator++() {                // Preincrement
254       assert(CurNode && "Advancing past AliasSet.end()!");
255       CurNode = CurNode->getNext();
256       return *this;
257     }
258     iterator operator++(int) { // Postincrement
259       iterator tmp = *this; ++*this; return tmp;
260     }
261   };
262 
263 private:
264   // Can only be created by AliasSetTracker.
AliasSet()265   AliasSet()
266       : PtrListEnd(&PtrList), RefCount(0),  AliasAny(false), Access(NoAccess),
267         Alias(SetMustAlias), Volatile(false) {}
268 
getSomePointer()269   PointerRec *getSomePointer() const {
270     return PtrList;
271   }
272 
273   /// Return the real alias set this represents. If this has been merged with
274   /// another set and is forwarding, return the ultimate destination set. This
275   /// also implements the union-find collapsing as well.
getForwardedTarget(AliasSetTracker & AST)276   AliasSet *getForwardedTarget(AliasSetTracker &AST) {
277     if (!Forward) return this;
278 
279     AliasSet *Dest = Forward->getForwardedTarget(AST);
280     if (Dest != Forward) {
281       Dest->addRef();
282       Forward->dropRef(AST);
283       Forward = Dest;
284     }
285     return Dest;
286   }
287 
288   void removeFromTracker(AliasSetTracker &AST);
289 
290   void addPointer(AliasSetTracker &AST, PointerRec &Entry, LocationSize Size,
291                   const AAMDNodes &AAInfo, bool KnownMustAlias = false);
292   void addUnknownInst(Instruction *I, AliasAnalysis &AA);
293 
removeUnknownInst(AliasSetTracker & AST,Instruction * I)294   void removeUnknownInst(AliasSetTracker &AST, Instruction *I) {
295     bool WasEmpty = UnknownInsts.empty();
296     for (size_t i = 0, e = UnknownInsts.size(); i != e; ++i)
297       if (UnknownInsts[i] == I) {
298         UnknownInsts[i] = UnknownInsts.back();
299         UnknownInsts.pop_back();
300         --i; --e;  // Revisit the moved entry.
301       }
302     if (!WasEmpty && UnknownInsts.empty())
303       dropRef(AST);
304   }
305 
setVolatile()306   void setVolatile() { Volatile = true; }
307 
308 public:
309   /// Return true if the specified pointer "may" (or must) alias one of the
310   /// members in the set.
311   bool aliasesPointer(const Value *Ptr, LocationSize Size,
312                       const AAMDNodes &AAInfo, AliasAnalysis &AA) const;
313   bool aliasesUnknownInst(const Instruction *Inst, AliasAnalysis &AA) const;
314 };
315 
316 inline raw_ostream& operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const AliasSet &AS) {
317   AS.print(OS);
318   return OS;
319 }
320 
321 class AliasSetTracker {
322   /// A CallbackVH to arrange for AliasSetTracker to be notified whenever a
323   /// Value is deleted.
324   class ASTCallbackVH final : public CallbackVH {
325     AliasSetTracker *AST;
326 
327     void deleted() override;
328     void allUsesReplacedWith(Value *) override;
329 
330   public:
331     ASTCallbackVH(Value *V, AliasSetTracker *AST = nullptr);
332 
333     ASTCallbackVH &operator=(Value *V);
334   };
335   /// Traits to tell DenseMap that tell us how to compare and hash the value
336   /// handle.
337   struct ASTCallbackVHDenseMapInfo : public DenseMapInfo<Value *> {};
338 
339   AliasAnalysis &AA;
340   ilist<AliasSet> AliasSets;
341 
342   using PointerMapType = DenseMap<ASTCallbackVH, AliasSet::PointerRec *,
343                                   ASTCallbackVHDenseMapInfo>;
344 
345   // Map from pointers to their node
346   PointerMapType PointerMap;
347 
348 public:
349   /// Create an empty collection of AliasSets, and use the specified alias
350   /// analysis object to disambiguate load and store addresses.
AliasSetTracker(AliasAnalysis & aa)351   explicit AliasSetTracker(AliasAnalysis &aa) : AA(aa) {}
~AliasSetTracker()352   ~AliasSetTracker() { clear(); }
353 
354   /// These methods are used to add different types of instructions to the alias
355   /// sets. Adding a new instruction can result in one of three actions
356   /// happening:
357   ///
358   ///   1. If the instruction doesn't alias any other sets, create a new set.
359   ///   2. If the instruction aliases exactly one set, add it to the set
360   ///   3. If the instruction aliases multiple sets, merge the sets, and add
361   ///      the instruction to the result.
362   ///
363   /// These methods return true if inserting the instruction resulted in the
364   /// addition of a new alias set (i.e., the pointer did not alias anything).
365   ///
366   void add(Value *Ptr, LocationSize Size, const AAMDNodes &AAInfo); // Add a loc
367   void add(LoadInst *LI);
368   void add(StoreInst *SI);
369   void add(VAArgInst *VAAI);
370   void add(AnyMemSetInst *MSI);
371   void add(AnyMemTransferInst *MTI);
372   void add(Instruction *I);       // Dispatch to one of the other add methods...
373   void add(BasicBlock &BB);       // Add all instructions in basic block
374   void add(const AliasSetTracker &AST); // Add alias relations from another AST
375   void addUnknown(Instruction *I);
376 
377   void clear();
378 
379   /// Return the alias sets that are active.
getAliasSets()380   const ilist<AliasSet> &getAliasSets() const { return AliasSets; }
381 
382   /// Return the alias set that the specified pointer lives in. If the New
383   /// argument is non-null, this method sets the value to true if a new alias
384   /// set is created to contain the pointer (because the pointer didn't alias
385   /// anything).
386   AliasSet &getAliasSetForPointer(Value *P, LocationSize Size,
387                                   const AAMDNodes &AAInfo);
388 
389   /// Return the alias set containing the location specified if one exists,
390   /// otherwise return null.
getAliasSetForPointerIfExists(const Value * P,LocationSize Size,const AAMDNodes & AAInfo)391   AliasSet *getAliasSetForPointerIfExists(const Value *P, LocationSize Size,
392                                           const AAMDNodes &AAInfo) {
393     return mergeAliasSetsForPointer(P, Size, AAInfo);
394   }
395 
396   /// Return true if the specified instruction "may" (or must) alias one of the
397   /// members in any of the sets.
398   bool containsUnknown(const Instruction *I) const;
399 
400   /// Return the underlying alias analysis object used by this tracker.
getAliasAnalysis()401   AliasAnalysis &getAliasAnalysis() const { return AA; }
402 
403   /// This method is used to remove a pointer value from the AliasSetTracker
404   /// entirely. It should be used when an instruction is deleted from the
405   /// program to update the AST. If you don't use this, you would have dangling
406   /// pointers to deleted instructions.
407   void deleteValue(Value *PtrVal);
408 
409   /// This method should be used whenever a preexisting value in the program is
410   /// copied or cloned, introducing a new value.  Note that it is ok for clients
411   /// that use this method to introduce the same value multiple times: if the
412   /// tracker already knows about a value, it will ignore the request.
413   void copyValue(Value *From, Value *To);
414 
415   using iterator = ilist<AliasSet>::iterator;
416   using const_iterator = ilist<AliasSet>::const_iterator;
417 
begin()418   const_iterator begin() const { return AliasSets.begin(); }
end()419   const_iterator end()   const { return AliasSets.end(); }
420 
begin()421   iterator begin() { return AliasSets.begin(); }
end()422   iterator end()   { return AliasSets.end(); }
423 
424   void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
425   void dump() const;
426 
427 private:
428   friend class AliasSet;
429 
430   // The total number of pointers contained in all "may" alias sets.
431   unsigned TotalMayAliasSetSize = 0;
432 
433   // A non-null value signifies this AST is saturated. A saturated AST lumps
434   // all pointers into a single "May" set.
435   AliasSet *AliasAnyAS = nullptr;
436 
437   void removeAliasSet(AliasSet *AS);
438 
439   /// Just like operator[] on the map, except that it creates an entry for the
440   /// pointer if it doesn't already exist.
getEntryFor(Value * V)441   AliasSet::PointerRec &getEntryFor(Value *V) {
442     AliasSet::PointerRec *&Entry = PointerMap[ASTCallbackVH(V, this)];
443     if (!Entry)
444       Entry = new AliasSet::PointerRec(V);
445     return *Entry;
446   }
447 
448   AliasSet &addPointer(Value *P, LocationSize Size, const AAMDNodes &AAInfo,
449                        AliasSet::AccessLattice E);
450   AliasSet *mergeAliasSetsForPointer(const Value *Ptr, LocationSize Size,
451                                      const AAMDNodes &AAInfo);
452 
453   /// Merge all alias sets into a single set that is considered to alias any
454   /// pointer.
455   AliasSet &mergeAllAliasSets();
456 
457   AliasSet *findAliasSetForUnknownInst(Instruction *Inst);
458 };
459 
460 inline raw_ostream& operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const AliasSetTracker &AST) {
461   AST.print(OS);
462   return OS;
463 }
464 
465 } // end namespace llvm
466 
467 #endif // LLVM_ANALYSIS_ALIASSETTRACKER_H
468