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1 // Copyright (C) 2011 - 2012 Andrzej Krzemienski.
2 //
3 // Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
4 // License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
5 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
6 //
7 // The idea and interface is based on Boost.Optional library
8 // authored by Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
9 
10 # ifndef ___OPTIONAL_HPP___
11 # define ___OPTIONAL_HPP___
12 
13 # include <utility>
14 # include <type_traits>
15 # include <initializer_list>
16 # include <cassert>
17 # include <functional>
18 # include <string>
19 # include <stdexcept>
20 
21 # define TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(...) typename enable_if<__VA_ARGS__::value, bool>::type = false
22 
23 # if defined __GNUC__ // NOTE: GNUC is also defined for Clang
24 #   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)
25 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
26 #   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
27 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
28 #   endif
29 #
30 #   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)
31 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
32 #   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
33 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
34 #   endif
35 #
36 #   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 8) && (__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ >= 1)
37 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
38 #   elif (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9)
39 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
40 #   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
41 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
42 #   endif
43 # endif
44 #
45 # if defined __clang_major__
46 #   if (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ >= 5)
47 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
48 #   elif (__clang_major__ > 3)
49 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
50 #   endif
51 #   if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
52 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
53 #   elif (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ == 4 && __clang_patchlevel__ >= 2)
54 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
55 #   endif
56 # endif
57 #
58 # if defined _MSC_VER
59 #   if (_MSC_VER >= 1900)
60 #     define TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
61 #   endif
62 # endif
63 
64 # if defined __clang__
65 #   if (__clang_major__ > 2) || (__clang_major__ == 2) && (__clang_minor__ >= 9)
66 #     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
67 #   else
68 #     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
69 #   endif
70 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
71 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
72 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
73 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
74 # else
75 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
76 # endif
77 
78 
79 # if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
80 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 1
81 #   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST constexpr
82 # else
83 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 0
84 #   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST
85 # endif
86 
87 # if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_ && (defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus != 201103L)
88 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 1
89 # else
90 #   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 0
91 # endif
92 
93 # // In C++11 constexpr implies const, so we need to make non-const members also non-constexpr
94 # if (defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus == 201103L)
95 #   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR
96 # else
97 #   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
98 # endif
99 
100 namespace std{
101 
102 namespace experimental{
103 
104 // BEGIN workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible
105 # if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
106     // leave it: it is already there
107 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
108     // leave it: it is already there
109 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
110     // leave it: it is already there
111 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
112     // leave it: the user doesn't want it
113 # else
114 	template <typename T>
115 	using is_trivially_destructible = std::has_trivial_destructor<T>;
116 # endif
117 // END workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible
118 
119 # if (defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___)
120     // leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
121 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
122     // leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
123 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
124     // leave it: it is already there
125 # elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
126     // leave it: the user doesn't want it
127 # else
128 
129 
130 // workaround for missing traits in GCC and CLANG
131 template <class T>
132 struct is_nothrow_move_constructible
133 {
134   constexpr static bool value = std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, T&&>::value;
135 };
136 
137 
138 template <class T, class U>
139 struct is_assignable
140 {
141   template <class X, class Y>
142   constexpr static bool has_assign(...) { return false; }
143 
144   template <class X, class Y, size_t S = sizeof((std::declval<X>() = std::declval<Y>(), true)) >
145   // the comma operator is necessary for the cases where operator= returns void
146   constexpr static bool has_assign(bool) { return true; }
147 
148   constexpr static bool value = has_assign<T, U>(true);
149 };
150 
151 
152 template <class T>
153 struct is_nothrow_move_assignable
154 {
155   template <class X, bool has_any_move_assign>
156   struct has_nothrow_move_assign {
157     constexpr static bool value = false;
158   };
159 
160   template <class X>
161   struct has_nothrow_move_assign<X, true> {
162     constexpr static bool value = noexcept( std::declval<X&>() = std::declval<X&&>() );
163   };
164 
165   constexpr static bool value = has_nothrow_move_assign<T, is_assignable<T&, T&&>::value>::value;
166 };
167 // end workaround
168 
169 
170 # endif
171 
172 
173 
174 // 20.5.4, optional for object types
175 template <class T> class optional;
176 
177 // 20.5.5, optional for lvalue reference types
178 template <class T> class optional<T&>;
179 
180 
181 // workaround: std utility functions aren't constexpr yet
constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type & t)182 template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type& t) noexcept
183 {
184   return static_cast<T&&>(t);
185 }
186 
constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type && t)187 template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&& t) noexcept
188 {
189     static_assert(!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, "!!");
190     return static_cast<T&&>(t);
191 }
192 
constexpr_move(T && t)193 template <class T> inline constexpr typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&& constexpr_move(T&& t) noexcept
194 {
195     return static_cast<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&&>(t);
196 }
197 
198 
199 #if defined NDEBUG
200 # define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) (EXPR)
201 #else
202 # define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) ((CHECK) ? (EXPR) : ([]{assert(!#CHECK);}(), (EXPR)))
203 #endif
204 
205 
206 namespace detail_
207 {
208 
209 // static_addressof: a constexpr version of addressof
210 template <typename T>
211 struct has_overloaded_addressof
212 {
213   template <class X>
has_overloadstd::experimental::detail_::has_overloaded_addressof214   constexpr static bool has_overload(...) { return false; }
215 
216   template <class X, size_t S = sizeof(std::declval<X&>().operator&()) >
has_overloadstd::experimental::detail_::has_overloaded_addressof217   constexpr static bool has_overload(bool) { return true; }
218 
219   constexpr static bool value = has_overload<T>(true);
220 };
221 
222 template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
static_addressof(T & ref)223 constexpr T* static_addressof(T& ref)
224 {
225   return &ref;
226 }
227 
228 template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
static_addressof(T & ref)229 T* static_addressof(T& ref)
230 {
231   return std::addressof(ref);
232 }
233 
234 
235 // the call to convert<A>(b) has return type A and converts b to type A iff b decltype(b) is implicitly convertible to A
236 template <class U>
convert(U v)237 U convert(U v) { return v; }
238 
239 } // namespace detail
240 
241 
242 constexpr struct trivial_init_t{} trivial_init{};
243 
244 
245 // 20.5.6, In-place construction
246 constexpr struct in_place_t{} in_place{};
247 
248 
249 // 20.5.7, Disengaged state indicator
250 struct nullopt_t
251 {
252   struct init{};
nullopt_tstd::experimental::nullopt_t253   constexpr explicit nullopt_t(init){}
254 };
255 constexpr nullopt_t nullopt{nullopt_t::init()};
256 
257 
258 // 20.5.8, class bad_optional_access
259 class bad_optional_access : public logic_error {
260 public:
bad_optional_access(const string & what_arg)261   explicit bad_optional_access(const string& what_arg) : logic_error{what_arg} {}
bad_optional_access(const char * what_arg)262   explicit bad_optional_access(const char* what_arg) : logic_error{what_arg} {}
263 };
264 
265 
266 template <class T>
267 union storage_t
268 {
269   unsigned char dummy_;
270   T value_;
271 
storage_t(trivial_init_t)272   constexpr storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
273 
274   template <class... Args>
storage_t(Args &&...args)275   constexpr storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
276 
~storage_t()277   ~storage_t(){}
278 };
279 
280 
281 template <class T>
282 union constexpr_storage_t
283 {
284     unsigned char dummy_;
285     T value_;
286 
constexpr_storage_t(trivial_init_t)287     constexpr constexpr_storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
288 
289     template <class... Args>
constexpr_storage_t(Args &&...args)290     constexpr constexpr_storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
291 
292     ~constexpr_storage_t() = default;
293 };
294 
295 
296 template <class T>
297 struct optional_base
298 {
299     bool init_;
300     storage_t<T> storage_;
301 
optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base302     constexpr optional_base() noexcept : init_(false), storage_(trivial_init) {};
303 
optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base304     explicit constexpr optional_base(const T& v) : init_(true), storage_(v) {}
305 
optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base306     explicit constexpr optional_base(T&& v) : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_move(v)) {}
307 
optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base308     template <class... Args> explicit optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
309         : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
310 
311     template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base312     explicit optional_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
313         : init_(true), storage_(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
314 
~optional_basestd::experimental::optional_base315     ~optional_base() { if (init_) storage_.value_.T::~T(); }
316 };
317 
318 
319 template <class T>
320 struct constexpr_optional_base
321 {
322     bool init_;
323     constexpr_storage_t<T> storage_;
324 
constexpr_optional_basestd::experimental::constexpr_optional_base325     constexpr constexpr_optional_base() noexcept : init_(false), storage_(trivial_init) {};
326 
constexpr_optional_basestd::experimental::constexpr_optional_base327     explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(const T& v) : init_(true), storage_(v) {}
328 
constexpr_optional_basestd::experimental::constexpr_optional_base329     explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(T&& v) : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_move(v)) {}
330 
constexpr_optional_basestd::experimental::constexpr_optional_base331     template <class... Args> explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
332       : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
333 
334     template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
constexpr_optional_basestd::experimental::constexpr_optional_base335     OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
336       : init_(true), storage_(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
337 
338     ~constexpr_optional_base() = default;
339 };
340 
341 template <class T>
342 using OptionalBase = typename std::conditional<
343     is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,
344     constexpr_optional_base<T>,
345     optional_base<T>
346 >::type;
347 
348 
349 
350 template <class T>
351 class optional : private OptionalBase<T>
352 {
353   static_assert( !std::is_same<typename std::decay<T>::type, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T" );
354   static_assert( !std::is_same<typename std::decay<T>::type, in_place_t>::value, "bad T" );
355 
356 
initialized() const357   constexpr bool initialized() const noexcept { return OptionalBase<T>::init_; }
dataptr()358   T* dataptr() {  return std::addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
dataptr() const359   constexpr const T* dataptr() const { return detail_::static_addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
360 
361 # if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1
contained_val() const362   constexpr const T& contained_val() const& { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
363 #   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
contained_val()364   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& contained_val() && { return std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
contained_val()365   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
366 #   else
contained_val()367   T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
contained_val()368   T&& contained_val() && { return std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
369 #   endif
370 # else
contained_val() const371   constexpr const T& contained_val() const { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
contained_val()372   T& contained_val() { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
373 # endif
374 
clear()375   void clear() noexcept {
376     if (initialized()) dataptr()->T::~T();
377     OptionalBase<T>::init_ = false;
378   }
379 
380   template <class... Args>
initialize(Args &&...args)381   void initialize(Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
382   {
383     assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
384     ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
385     OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
386   }
387 
388   template <class U, class... Args>
initialize(std::initializer_list<U> il,Args &&...args)389   void initialize(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
390   {
391     assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
392     ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
393     OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
394   }
395 
396 public:
397   typedef T value_type;
398 
399   // 20.5.5.1, constructors
optional()400   constexpr optional() noexcept : OptionalBase<T>()  {};
optional(nullopt_t)401   constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : OptionalBase<T>() {};
402 
optional(const optional & rhs)403   optional(const optional& rhs)
404   : OptionalBase<T>()
405   {
406     if (rhs.initialized()) {
407         ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(*rhs);
408         OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
409     }
410   }
411 
optional(optional && rhs)412   optional(optional&& rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
413   : OptionalBase<T>()
414   {
415     if (rhs.initialized()) {
416         ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(std::move(*rhs));
417         OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
418     }
419   }
420 
optional(const T & v)421   constexpr optional(const T& v) : OptionalBase<T>(v) {}
422 
optional(T && v)423   constexpr optional(T&& v) : OptionalBase<T>(constexpr_move(v)) {}
424 
425   template <class... Args>
optional(in_place_t,Args &&...args)426   explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
427   : OptionalBase<T>(in_place_t{}, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
428 
429   template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
optional(in_place_t,std::initializer_list<U> il,Args &&...args)430   OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit optional(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
431   : OptionalBase<T>(in_place_t{}, il, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
432 
433   // 20.5.4.2, Destructor
434   ~optional() = default;
435 
436   // 20.5.4.3, assignment
operator =(nullopt_t)437   optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
438   {
439     clear();
440     return *this;
441   }
442 
operator =(const optional & rhs)443   optional& operator=(const optional& rhs)
444   {
445     if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
446     else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(*rhs);
447     else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = *rhs;
448     return *this;
449   }
450 
operator =(optional && rhs)451   optional& operator=(optional&& rhs)
452   noexcept(is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value && is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
453   {
454     if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
455     else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(std::move(*rhs));
456     else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = std::move(*rhs);
457     return *this;
458   }
459 
460   template <class U>
operator =(U && v)461   auto operator=(U&& v)
462   -> typename enable_if
463   <
464     is_same<typename decay<U>::type, T>::value,
465     optional&
466   >::type
467   {
468     if (initialized()) { contained_val() = std::forward<U>(v); }
469     else               { initialize(std::forward<U>(v));  }
470     return *this;
471   }
472 
473 
474   template <class... Args>
emplace(Args &&...args)475   void emplace(Args&&... args)
476   {
477     clear();
478     initialize(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
479   }
480 
481   template <class U, class... Args>
emplace(initializer_list<U> il,Args &&...args)482   void emplace(initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
483   {
484     clear();
485     initialize<U, Args...>(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
486   }
487 
488   // 20.5.4.4, Swap
swap(optional<T> & rhs)489   void swap(optional<T>& rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value && noexcept(swap(declval<T&>(), declval<T&>())))
490   {
491     if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) { rhs.initialize(std::move(**this)); clear(); }
492     else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  { initialize(std::move(*rhs)); rhs.clear(); }
493     else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  { using std::swap; swap(**this, *rhs); }
494   }
495 
496   // 20.5.4.5, Observers
497 
operator bool() const498   explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return initialized(); }
499 
operator ->() const500   constexpr T const* operator ->() const {
501     return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), dataptr());
502   }
503 
504 # if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
505 
operator ->()506   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T* operator ->() {
507     assert (initialized());
508     return dataptr();
509   }
510 
operator *() const511   constexpr T const& operator *() const& {
512     return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
513   }
514 
operator *()515   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& operator *() & {
516     assert (initialized());
517     return contained_val();
518   }
519 
operator *()520   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& operator *() && {
521     assert (initialized());
522     return constexpr_move(contained_val());
523   }
524 
value() const525   constexpr T const& value() const& {
526     return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
527   }
528 
value()529   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& value() & {
530     return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
531   }
532 
value()533   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& value() && {
534     if (!initialized()) throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access");
535 	return std::move(contained_val());
536   }
537 
538 # else
539 
operator ->()540   T* operator ->() {
541     assert (initialized());
542     return dataptr();
543   }
544 
operator *() const545   constexpr T const& operator *() const {
546     return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
547   }
548 
operator *()549   T& operator *() {
550     assert (initialized());
551     return contained_val();
552   }
553 
value() const554   constexpr T const& value() const {
555     return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
556   }
557 
value()558   T& value() {
559     return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
560   }
561 
562 # endif
563 
564 # if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1
565 
566   template <class V>
value_or(V && v) const567   constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const&
568   {
569     return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
570   }
571 
572 #   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
573 
574   template <class V>
value_or(V && v)575   OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T value_or(V&& v) &&
576   {
577     return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
578   }
579 
580 #   else
581 
582   template <class V>
value_or(V && v)583   T value_or(V&& v) &&
584   {
585     return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
586   }
587 
588 #   endif
589 
590 # else
591 
592   template <class V>
value_or(V && v) const593   constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const
594   {
595     return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
596   }
597 
598 # endif
599 
600 };
601 
602 
603 template <class T>
604 class optional<T&>
605 {
606   static_assert( !std::is_same<T, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T" );
607   static_assert( !std::is_same<T, in_place_t>::value, "bad T" );
608   T* ref;
609 
610 public:
611 
612   // 20.5.5.1, construction/destruction
optional()613   constexpr optional() noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}
614 
optional(nullopt_t)615   constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}
616 
optional(T & v)617   constexpr optional(T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}
618 
619   optional(T&&) = delete;
620 
optional(const optional & rhs)621   constexpr optional(const optional& rhs) noexcept : ref(rhs.ref) {}
622 
optional(in_place_t,T & v)623   explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}
624 
625   explicit optional(in_place_t, T&&) = delete;
626 
627   ~optional() = default;
628 
629   // 20.5.5.2, mutation
operator =(nullopt_t)630   optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept {
631     ref = nullptr;
632     return *this;
633   }
634 
635   // optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) noexcept {
636     // ref = rhs.ref;
637     // return *this;
638   // }
639 
640   // optional& operator=(optional&& rhs) noexcept {
641     // ref = rhs.ref;
642     // return *this;
643   // }
644 
645   template <typename U>
operator =(U && rhs)646   auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
647   -> typename enable_if
648   <
649     is_same<typename decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
650     optional&
651   >::type
652   {
653     ref = rhs.ref;
654     return *this;
655   }
656 
657   template <typename U>
658   auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
659   -> typename enable_if
660   <
661     !is_same<typename decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
662     optional&
663   >::type
664   = delete;
665 
emplace(T & v)666   void emplace(T& v) noexcept {
667     ref = detail_::static_addressof(v);
668   }
669 
670   void emplace(T&&) = delete;
671 
672 
swap(optional<T &> & rhs)673   void swap(optional<T&>& rhs) noexcept
674   {
675     std::swap(ref, rhs.ref);
676   }
677 
678   // 20.5.5.3, observers
operator ->() const679   constexpr T* operator->() const {
680     return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, ref);
681   }
682 
operator *() const683   constexpr T& operator*() const {
684     return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, *ref);
685   }
686 
value() const687   constexpr T& value() const {
688     return ref ? *ref : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), *ref);
689   }
690 
operator bool() const691   explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept {
692     return ref != nullptr;
693   }
694 
695   template <class V>
value_or(V && v) const696   constexpr typename decay<T>::type value_or(V&& v) const
697   {
698     return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<typename decay<T>::type>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
699   }
700 };
701 
702 
703 template <class T>
704 class optional<T&&>
705 {
706   static_assert( sizeof(T) == 0, "optional rvalue references disallowed" );
707 };
708 
709 
710 // 20.5.8, Relational operators
operator ==(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)711 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
712 {
713   return bool(x) != bool(y) ? false : bool(x) == false ? true : *x == *y;
714 }
715 
operator !=(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)716 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
717 {
718   return !(x == y);
719 }
720 
operator <(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)721 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
722 {
723   return (!y) ? false : (!x) ? true : *x < *y;
724 }
725 
operator >(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)726 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
727 {
728   return (y < x);
729 }
730 
operator <=(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)731 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
732 {
733   return !(y < x);
734 }
735 
operator >=(const optional<T> & x,const optional<T> & y)736 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
737 {
738   return !(x < y);
739 }
740 
741 
742 // 20.5.9, Comparison with nullopt
operator ==(const optional<T> & x,nullopt_t)743 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
744 {
745   return (!x);
746 }
747 
operator ==(nullopt_t,const optional<T> & x)748 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
749 {
750   return (!x);
751 }
752 
operator !=(const optional<T> & x,nullopt_t)753 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
754 {
755   return bool(x);
756 }
757 
operator !=(nullopt_t,const optional<T> & x)758 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
759 {
760   return bool(x);
761 }
762 
operator <(const optional<T> &,nullopt_t)763 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
764 {
765   return false;
766 }
767 
operator <(nullopt_t,const optional<T> & x)768 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
769 {
770   return bool(x);
771 }
772 
operator <=(const optional<T> & x,nullopt_t)773 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
774 {
775   return (!x);
776 }
777 
operator <=(nullopt_t,const optional<T> &)778 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
779 {
780   return true;
781 }
782 
operator >(const optional<T> & x,nullopt_t)783 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
784 {
785   return bool(x);
786 }
787 
operator >(nullopt_t,const optional<T> &)788 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
789 {
790   return false;
791 }
792 
operator >=(const optional<T> &,nullopt_t)793 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
794 {
795   return true;
796 }
797 
operator >=(nullopt_t,const optional<T> & x)798 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
799 {
800   return (!x);
801 }
802 
803 
804 
805 // 20.5.10, Comparison with T
operator ==(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)806 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
807 {
808   return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
809 }
810 
operator ==(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)811 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
812 {
813   return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
814 }
815 
operator !=(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)816 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
817 {
818   return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
819 }
820 
operator !=(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)821 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
822 {
823   return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
824 }
825 
operator <(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)826 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
827 {
828   return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
829 }
830 
operator >(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)831 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
832 {
833   return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
834 }
835 
operator >(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)836 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
837 {
838   return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
839 }
840 
operator <(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)841 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
842 {
843   return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
844 }
845 
operator >=(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)846 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
847 {
848   return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
849 }
850 
operator <=(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)851 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
852 {
853   return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
854 }
855 
operator <=(const optional<T> & x,const T & v)856 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
857 {
858   return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
859 }
860 
operator >=(const T & v,const optional<T> & x)861 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
862 {
863   return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
864 }
865 
866 
867 // Comparison of optional<T&> with T
operator ==(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)868 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
869 {
870   return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
871 }
872 
operator ==(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)873 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
874 {
875   return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
876 }
877 
operator !=(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)878 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
879 {
880   return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
881 }
882 
operator !=(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)883 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
884 {
885   return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
886 }
887 
operator <(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)888 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
889 {
890   return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
891 }
892 
operator >(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)893 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
894 {
895   return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
896 }
897 
operator >(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)898 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
899 {
900   return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
901 }
902 
operator <(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)903 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
904 {
905   return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
906 }
907 
operator >=(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)908 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
909 {
910   return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
911 }
912 
operator <=(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)913 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
914 {
915   return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
916 }
917 
operator <=(const optional<T &> & x,const T & v)918 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
919 {
920   return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
921 }
922 
operator >=(const T & v,const optional<T &> & x)923 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
924 {
925   return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
926 }
927 
928 // Comparison of optional<T const&> with T
operator ==(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)929 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
930 {
931   return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
932 }
933 
operator ==(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)934 template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
935 {
936   return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
937 }
938 
operator !=(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)939 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
940 {
941   return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
942 }
943 
operator !=(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)944 template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
945 {
946   return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
947 }
948 
operator <(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)949 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
950 {
951   return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
952 }
953 
operator >(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)954 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
955 {
956   return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
957 }
958 
operator >(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)959 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
960 {
961   return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
962 }
963 
operator <(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)964 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
965 {
966   return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
967 }
968 
operator >=(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)969 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
970 {
971   return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
972 }
973 
operator <=(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)974 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
975 {
976   return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
977 }
978 
operator <=(const optional<const T &> & x,const T & v)979 template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
980 {
981   return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
982 }
983 
operator >=(const T & v,const optional<const T &> & x)984 template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
985 {
986   return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
987 }
988 
989 
990 // 20.5.12, Specialized algorithms
991 template <class T>
swap(optional<T> & x,optional<T> & y)992 void swap(optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y) noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y)))
993 {
994   x.swap(y);
995 }
996 
997 
998 template <class T>
make_optional(T && v)999 constexpr optional<typename decay<T>::type> make_optional(T&& v)
1000 {
1001   return optional<typename decay<T>::type>(constexpr_forward<T>(v));
1002 }
1003 
1004 template <class X>
make_optional(reference_wrapper<X> v)1005 constexpr optional<X&> make_optional(reference_wrapper<X> v)
1006 {
1007   return optional<X&>(v.get());
1008 }
1009 
1010 
1011 } // namespace experimental
1012 } // namespace std
1013 
1014 namespace std
1015 {
1016   template <typename T>
1017   struct hash<std::experimental::optional<T>>
1018   {
1019     typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
1020     typedef std::experimental::optional<T> argument_type;
1021 
operator ()std::hash1022     constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
1023       return arg ? std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
1024     }
1025   };
1026 
1027   template <typename T>
1028   struct hash<std::experimental::optional<T&>>
1029   {
1030     typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
1031     typedef std::experimental::optional<T&> argument_type;
1032 
operator ()std::hash1033     constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
1034       return arg ? std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
1035     }
1036   };
1037 }
1038 
1039 # undef TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES
1040 # undef TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION
1041 
1042 # endif //___OPTIONAL_HPP___
1043