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1 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 // found in the LICENSE file.
4 
5 // WARNING: You should *NOT* be using this class directly.  PlatformThread is
6 // the low-level platform-specific abstraction to the OS's threading interface.
7 // You should instead be using a message-loop driven Thread, see thread.h.
8 
9 #ifndef BASE_THREADING_PLATFORM_THREAD_H_
10 #define BASE_THREADING_PLATFORM_THREAD_H_
11 
12 #include <stddef.h>
13 
14 #include "base/base_export.h"
15 #include "base/macros.h"
16 #include "base/time/time.h"
17 #include "build/build_config.h"
18 
19 #if defined(OS_WIN)
20 #include "base/win/windows_types.h"
21 #elif defined(OS_FUCHSIA)
22 #include <zircon/types.h>
23 #elif defined(OS_MACOSX)
24 #include <mach/mach_types.h>
25 #elif defined(OS_POSIX)
26 #include <pthread.h>
27 #include <unistd.h>
28 #endif
29 
30 namespace base {
31 
32 // Used for logging. Always an integer value.
33 #if defined(OS_WIN)
34 typedef DWORD PlatformThreadId;
35 #elif defined(OS_FUCHSIA)
36 typedef zx_handle_t PlatformThreadId;
37 #elif defined(OS_MACOSX)
38 typedef mach_port_t PlatformThreadId;
39 #elif defined(OS_POSIX)
40 typedef pid_t PlatformThreadId;
41 #endif
42 
43 // Used for thread checking and debugging.
44 // Meant to be as fast as possible.
45 // These are produced by PlatformThread::CurrentRef(), and used to later
46 // check if we are on the same thread or not by using ==. These are safe
47 // to copy between threads, but can't be copied to another process as they
48 // have no meaning there. Also, the internal identifier can be re-used
49 // after a thread dies, so a PlatformThreadRef cannot be reliably used
50 // to distinguish a new thread from an old, dead thread.
51 class PlatformThreadRef {
52  public:
53 #if defined(OS_WIN)
54   typedef DWORD RefType;
55 #else  //  OS_POSIX
56   typedef pthread_t RefType;
57 #endif
PlatformThreadRef()58   constexpr PlatformThreadRef() : id_(0) {}
59 
PlatformThreadRef(RefType id)60   explicit constexpr PlatformThreadRef(RefType id) : id_(id) {}
61 
62   bool operator==(PlatformThreadRef other) const {
63     return id_ == other.id_;
64   }
65 
66   bool operator!=(PlatformThreadRef other) const { return id_ != other.id_; }
67 
is_null()68   bool is_null() const {
69     return id_ == 0;
70   }
71  private:
72   RefType id_;
73 };
74 
75 // Used to operate on threads.
76 class PlatformThreadHandle {
77  public:
78 #if defined(OS_WIN)
79   typedef void* Handle;
80 #elif defined(OS_POSIX) || defined(OS_FUCHSIA)
81   typedef pthread_t Handle;
82 #endif
83 
PlatformThreadHandle()84   constexpr PlatformThreadHandle() : handle_(0) {}
85 
PlatformThreadHandle(Handle handle)86   explicit constexpr PlatformThreadHandle(Handle handle) : handle_(handle) {}
87 
is_equal(const PlatformThreadHandle & other)88   bool is_equal(const PlatformThreadHandle& other) const {
89     return handle_ == other.handle_;
90   }
91 
is_null()92   bool is_null() const {
93     return !handle_;
94   }
95 
platform_handle()96   Handle platform_handle() const {
97     return handle_;
98   }
99 
100  private:
101   Handle handle_;
102 };
103 
104 const PlatformThreadId kInvalidThreadId(0);
105 
106 // Valid values for priority of Thread::Options and SimpleThread::Options, and
107 // SetCurrentThreadPriority(), listed in increasing order of importance.
108 enum class ThreadPriority : int {
109   // Suitable for threads that shouldn't disrupt high priority work.
110   BACKGROUND,
111   // Default priority level.
112   NORMAL,
113   // Suitable for threads which generate data for the display (at ~60Hz).
114   DISPLAY,
115   // Suitable for low-latency, glitch-resistant audio.
116   REALTIME_AUDIO,
117 };
118 
119 // A namespace for low-level thread functions.
120 class BASE_EXPORT PlatformThread {
121  public:
122   // Implement this interface to run code on a background thread.  Your
123   // ThreadMain method will be called on the newly created thread.
124   class BASE_EXPORT Delegate {
125    public:
126     virtual void ThreadMain() = 0;
127 
128    protected:
129     virtual ~Delegate() = default;
130   };
131 
132   // Gets the current thread id, which may be useful for logging purposes.
133   static PlatformThreadId CurrentId();
134 
135   // Gets the current thread reference, which can be used to check if
136   // we're on the right thread quickly.
137   static PlatformThreadRef CurrentRef();
138 
139   // Get the handle representing the current thread. On Windows, this is a
140   // pseudo handle constant which will always represent the thread using it and
141   // hence should not be shared with other threads nor be used to differentiate
142   // the current thread from another.
143   static PlatformThreadHandle CurrentHandle();
144 
145   // Yield the current thread so another thread can be scheduled.
146   static void YieldCurrentThread();
147 
148   // Sleeps for the specified duration.
149   static void Sleep(base::TimeDelta duration);
150 
151   // Sets the thread name visible to debuggers/tools. This will try to
152   // initialize the context for current thread unless it's a WorkerThread.
153   static void SetName(const std::string& name);
154 
155   // Gets the thread name, if previously set by SetName.
156   static const char* GetName();
157 
158   // Creates a new thread.  The |stack_size| parameter can be 0 to indicate
159   // that the default stack size should be used.  Upon success,
160   // |*thread_handle| will be assigned a handle to the newly created thread,
161   // and |delegate|'s ThreadMain method will be executed on the newly created
162   // thread.
163   // NOTE: When you are done with the thread handle, you must call Join to
164   // release system resources associated with the thread.  You must ensure that
165   // the Delegate object outlives the thread.
Create(size_t stack_size,Delegate * delegate,PlatformThreadHandle * thread_handle)166   static bool Create(size_t stack_size,
167                      Delegate* delegate,
168                      PlatformThreadHandle* thread_handle) {
169     return CreateWithPriority(stack_size, delegate, thread_handle,
170                               ThreadPriority::NORMAL);
171   }
172 
173   // CreateWithPriority() does the same thing as Create() except the priority of
174   // the thread is set based on |priority|.
175   static bool CreateWithPriority(size_t stack_size, Delegate* delegate,
176                                  PlatformThreadHandle* thread_handle,
177                                  ThreadPriority priority);
178 
179   // CreateNonJoinable() does the same thing as Create() except the thread
180   // cannot be Join()'d.  Therefore, it also does not output a
181   // PlatformThreadHandle.
182   static bool CreateNonJoinable(size_t stack_size, Delegate* delegate);
183 
184   // CreateNonJoinableWithPriority() does the same thing as CreateNonJoinable()
185   // except the priority of the thread is set based on |priority|.
186   static bool CreateNonJoinableWithPriority(size_t stack_size,
187                                             Delegate* delegate,
188                                             ThreadPriority priority);
189 
190   // Joins with a thread created via the Create function.  This function blocks
191   // the caller until the designated thread exits.  This will invalidate
192   // |thread_handle|.
193   static void Join(PlatformThreadHandle thread_handle);
194 
195   // Detaches and releases the thread handle. The thread is no longer joinable
196   // and |thread_handle| is invalidated after this call.
197   static void Detach(PlatformThreadHandle thread_handle);
198 
199   // Returns true if SetCurrentThreadPriority() can be used to increase the
200   // priority of the current thread.
201   static bool CanIncreaseCurrentThreadPriority();
202 
203   // Toggles the current thread's priority at runtime.
204   //
205   // A thread may not be able to raise its priority back up after lowering it if
206   // the process does not have a proper permission, e.g. CAP_SYS_NICE on Linux.
207   // A thread may not be able to lower its priority back down after raising it
208   // to REALTIME_AUDIO.
209   //
210   // This function must not be called from the main thread on Mac. This is to
211   // avoid performance regressions (https://crbug.com/601270).
212   //
213   // Since changing other threads' priority is not permitted in favor of
214   // security, this interface is restricted to change only the current thread
215   // priority (https://crbug.com/399473).
216   static void SetCurrentThreadPriority(ThreadPriority priority);
217 
218   static ThreadPriority GetCurrentThreadPriority();
219 
220 #if defined(OS_LINUX)
221   // Toggles a specific thread's priority at runtime. This can be used to
222   // change the priority of a thread in a different process and will fail
223   // if the calling process does not have proper permissions. The
224   // SetCurrentThreadPriority() function above is preferred in favor of
225   // security but on platforms where sandboxed processes are not allowed to
226   // change priority this function exists to allow a non-sandboxed process
227   // to change the priority of sandboxed threads for improved performance.
228   // Warning: Don't use this for a main thread because that will change the
229   // whole thread group's (i.e. process) priority.
230   static void SetThreadPriority(PlatformThreadId thread_id,
231                                 ThreadPriority priority);
232 #endif
233 
234  private:
235   DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(PlatformThread);
236 };
237 
238 }  // namespace base
239 
240 #endif  // BASE_THREADING_PLATFORM_THREAD_H_
241