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1 /*
2  * alloc.c --- allocate new inodes, blocks for ext2fs
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Theodore Ts'o.
5  *
6  * %Begin-Header%
7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Library
8  * General Public License, version 2.
9  * %End-Header%
10  */
11 
12 #include "config.h"
13 #include <stdio.h>
14 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
15 #include <unistd.h>
16 #endif
17 #include <time.h>
18 #include <string.h>
19 #if HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
20 #include <sys/stat.h>
21 #endif
22 #if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
23 #include <sys/types.h>
24 #endif
25 
26 #include "ext2_fs.h"
27 #include "ext2fs.h"
28 
29 #define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
30 
31 #undef DEBUG
32 
33 #ifdef DEBUG
34 # define dbg_printf(f, a...)  do {printf(f, ## a); fflush(stdout); } while (0)
35 #else
36 # define dbg_printf(f, a...)
37 #endif
38 
39 /*
40  * Clear the uninit block bitmap flag if necessary
41  */
ext2fs_clear_block_uninit(ext2_filsys fs,dgrp_t group)42 void ext2fs_clear_block_uninit(ext2_filsys fs, dgrp_t group)
43 {
44 	if (group >= fs->group_desc_count ||
45 	    !ext2fs_has_group_desc_csum(fs) ||
46 	    !(ext2fs_bg_flags_test(fs, group, EXT2_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)))
47 		return;
48 
49 	/* uninit block bitmaps are now initialized in read_bitmaps() */
50 
51 	ext2fs_bg_flags_clear(fs, group, EXT2_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT);
52 	ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
53 	ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
54 	ext2fs_mark_bb_dirty(fs);
55 }
56 
57 /*
58  * Check for uninit inode bitmaps and deal with them appropriately
59  */
check_inode_uninit(ext2_filsys fs,ext2fs_inode_bitmap map,dgrp_t group)60 static void check_inode_uninit(ext2_filsys fs, ext2fs_inode_bitmap map,
61 			  dgrp_t group)
62 {
63 	ext2_ino_t	i, ino;
64 
65 	if (group >= fs->group_desc_count ||
66 	    !ext2fs_has_group_desc_csum(fs) ||
67 	    !(ext2fs_bg_flags_test(fs, group, EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT)))
68 		return;
69 
70 	ino = (group * fs->super->s_inodes_per_group) + 1;
71 	for (i=0; i < fs->super->s_inodes_per_group; i++, ino++)
72 		ext2fs_fast_unmark_inode_bitmap2(map, ino);
73 
74 	ext2fs_bg_flags_clear(fs, group, EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT);
75 	/* Mimics what the kernel does */
76 	ext2fs_bg_flags_clear(fs, group, EXT2_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT);
77 	ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
78 	ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
79 	ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
80 }
81 
82 /*
83  * Right now, just search forward from the parent directory's block
84  * group to find the next free inode.
85  *
86  * Should have a special policy for directories.
87  */
ext2fs_new_inode(ext2_filsys fs,ext2_ino_t dir,int mode EXT2FS_ATTR ((unused)),ext2fs_inode_bitmap map,ext2_ino_t * ret)88 errcode_t ext2fs_new_inode(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t dir,
89 			   int mode EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
90 			   ext2fs_inode_bitmap map, ext2_ino_t *ret)
91 {
92 	ext2_ino_t	start_inode = 0;
93 	ext2_ino_t	i, ino_in_group, upto, first_zero;
94 	errcode_t	retval;
95 	dgrp_t		group;
96 
97 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(fs, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS);
98 
99 	if (!map)
100 		map = fs->inode_map;
101 	if (!map)
102 		return EXT2_ET_NO_INODE_BITMAP;
103 
104 	if (dir > 0) {
105 		group = (dir - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super);
106 		start_inode = (group * EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super)) + 1;
107 	}
108 	if (start_inode < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super))
109 		start_inode = EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super);
110 	if (start_inode > fs->super->s_inodes_count)
111 		return EXT2_ET_INODE_ALLOC_FAIL;
112 	i = start_inode;
113 	do {
114 		ino_in_group = (i - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super);
115 		group = (i - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super);
116 
117 		check_inode_uninit(fs, map, group);
118 		upto = i + (EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super) - ino_in_group);
119 		if (i < start_inode && upto >= start_inode)
120 			upto = start_inode - 1;
121 		if (upto > fs->super->s_inodes_count)
122 			upto = fs->super->s_inodes_count;
123 
124 		retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_inode_bitmap2(map, i, upto,
125 							      &first_zero);
126 		if (retval == 0) {
127 			i = first_zero;
128 			break;
129 		}
130 		if (retval != ENOENT)
131 			return EXT2_ET_INODE_ALLOC_FAIL;
132 		i = upto + 1;
133 		if (i > fs->super->s_inodes_count)
134 			i = EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super);
135 	} while (i != start_inode);
136 
137 	if (ext2fs_test_inode_bitmap2(map, i))
138 		return EXT2_ET_INODE_ALLOC_FAIL;
139 	*ret = i;
140 	return 0;
141 }
142 
143 /*
144  * Stupid algorithm --- we now just search forward starting from the
145  * goal.  Should put in a smarter one someday....
146  */
ext2fs_new_block3(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk64_t * ret,struct blk_alloc_ctx * ctx)147 errcode_t ext2fs_new_block3(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t goal,
148 			    ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk64_t *ret,
149 			    struct blk_alloc_ctx *ctx)
150 {
151 	errcode_t retval;
152 	blk64_t	b = 0;
153 	errcode_t (*gab)(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t goal, blk64_t *ret);
154 	errcode_t (*gab2)(ext2_filsys, blk64_t, blk64_t *,
155 			  struct blk_alloc_ctx *);
156 
157 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(fs, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS);
158 
159 	if (!map) {
160 		/*
161 		 * In case there are clients out there whose get_alloc_block
162 		 * handlers call ext2fs_new_block2 with a NULL block map,
163 		 * temporarily swap out the function pointer so that we don't
164 		 * end up in an infinite loop.
165 		 */
166 		if (fs->get_alloc_block2) {
167 			gab2 = fs->get_alloc_block2;
168 			fs->get_alloc_block2 = NULL;
169 			retval = gab2(fs, goal, &b, ctx);
170 			fs->get_alloc_block2 = gab2;
171 			goto allocated;
172 		} else if (fs->get_alloc_block) {
173 			gab = fs->get_alloc_block;
174 			fs->get_alloc_block = NULL;
175 			retval = gab(fs, goal, &b);
176 			fs->get_alloc_block = gab;
177 			goto allocated;
178 		}
179 	}
180 	if (!map)
181 		map = fs->block_map;
182 	if (!map)
183 		return EXT2_ET_NO_BLOCK_BITMAP;
184 	if (!goal || (goal >= ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super)))
185 		goal = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
186 	goal &= ~EXT2FS_CLUSTER_MASK(fs);
187 
188 	retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_block_bitmap2(map,
189 			goal, ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super) - 1, &b);
190 	if ((retval == ENOENT) && (goal != fs->super->s_first_data_block))
191 		retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_block_bitmap2(map,
192 			fs->super->s_first_data_block, goal - 1, &b);
193 allocated:
194 	if (retval == ENOENT)
195 		return EXT2_ET_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL;
196 	if (retval)
197 		return retval;
198 
199 	ext2fs_clear_block_uninit(fs, ext2fs_group_of_blk2(fs, b));
200 	*ret = b;
201 	return 0;
202 }
203 
ext2fs_new_block2(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk64_t * ret)204 errcode_t ext2fs_new_block2(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t goal,
205 			   ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk64_t *ret)
206 {
207 	return ext2fs_new_block3(fs, goal, map, ret, NULL);
208 }
209 
ext2fs_new_block(ext2_filsys fs,blk_t goal,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk_t * ret)210 errcode_t ext2fs_new_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t goal,
211 			   ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk_t *ret)
212 {
213 	errcode_t retval;
214 	blk64_t val;
215 	retval = ext2fs_new_block2(fs, goal, map, &val);
216 	if (!retval)
217 		*ret = (blk_t) val;
218 	return retval;
219 }
220 
221 /*
222  * This function zeros out the allocated block, and updates all of the
223  * appropriate filesystem records.
224  */
ext2fs_alloc_block3(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,char * block_buf,blk64_t * ret,struct blk_alloc_ctx * ctx)225 errcode_t ext2fs_alloc_block3(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t goal, char *block_buf,
226 			      blk64_t *ret, struct blk_alloc_ctx *ctx)
227 {
228 	errcode_t	retval;
229 	blk64_t		block;
230 
231 	if (fs->get_alloc_block2) {
232 		retval = (fs->get_alloc_block2)(fs, goal, &block, ctx);
233 		if (retval)
234 			goto fail;
235 	} else if (fs->get_alloc_block) {
236 		retval = (fs->get_alloc_block)(fs, goal, &block);
237 		if (retval)
238 			goto fail;
239 	} else {
240 		if (!fs->block_map) {
241 			retval = ext2fs_read_block_bitmap(fs);
242 			if (retval)
243 				goto fail;
244 		}
245 
246 		retval = ext2fs_new_block3(fs, goal, 0, &block, ctx);
247 		if (retval)
248 			goto fail;
249 	}
250 
251 	if (block_buf) {
252 		memset(block_buf, 0, fs->blocksize);
253 		retval = io_channel_write_blk64(fs->io, block, 1, block_buf);
254 	} else
255 		retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, block, 1, NULL, NULL);
256 	if (retval)
257 		goto fail;
258 
259 	ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, block, +1);
260 	*ret = block;
261 
262 fail:
263 	return retval;
264 }
265 
ext2fs_alloc_block2(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,char * block_buf,blk64_t * ret)266 errcode_t ext2fs_alloc_block2(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t goal,
267 			     char *block_buf, blk64_t *ret)
268 {
269 	return ext2fs_alloc_block3(fs, goal, block_buf, ret, NULL);
270 }
271 
ext2fs_alloc_block(ext2_filsys fs,blk_t goal,char * block_buf,blk_t * ret)272 errcode_t ext2fs_alloc_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t goal,
273 			     char *block_buf, blk_t *ret)
274 {
275 	errcode_t retval;
276 	blk64_t ret64, goal64 = goal;
277 	retval = ext2fs_alloc_block3(fs, goal64, block_buf, &ret64, NULL);
278 	if (!retval)
279 		*ret = (blk_t)ret64;
280         return retval;
281 }
282 
ext2fs_get_free_blocks2(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t start,blk64_t finish,int num,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk64_t * ret)283 errcode_t ext2fs_get_free_blocks2(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t start, blk64_t finish,
284 				 int num, ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk64_t *ret)
285 {
286 	blk64_t	b = start;
287 	int	c_ratio;
288 
289 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(fs, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS);
290 
291 	if (!map)
292 		map = fs->block_map;
293 	if (!map)
294 		return EXT2_ET_NO_BLOCK_BITMAP;
295 	if (!b)
296 		b = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
297 	if (!finish)
298 		finish = start;
299 	if (!num)
300 		num = 1;
301 	c_ratio = 1 << ext2fs_get_bitmap_granularity(map);
302 	b &= ~(c_ratio - 1);
303 	finish &= ~(c_ratio -1);
304 	do {
305 		if (b + num - 1 >= ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super)) {
306 			if (finish > start)
307 				return EXT2_ET_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL;
308 			b = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
309 		}
310 		if (ext2fs_fast_test_block_bitmap_range2(map, b, num)) {
311 			*ret = b;
312 			return 0;
313 		}
314 		b += c_ratio;
315 	} while (b != finish);
316 	return EXT2_ET_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL;
317 }
318 
ext2fs_get_free_blocks(ext2_filsys fs,blk_t start,blk_t finish,int num,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk_t * ret)319 errcode_t ext2fs_get_free_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t start, blk_t finish,
320 				 int num, ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk_t *ret)
321 {
322 	errcode_t retval;
323 	blk64_t val;
324 	retval = ext2fs_get_free_blocks2(fs, start, finish, num, map, &val);
325 	if(!retval)
326 		*ret = (blk_t) val;
327 	return retval;
328 }
329 
ext2fs_set_alloc_block_callback(ext2_filsys fs,errcode_t (* func)(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,blk64_t * ret),errcode_t (** old)(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t goal,blk64_t * ret))330 void ext2fs_set_alloc_block_callback(ext2_filsys fs,
331 				     errcode_t (*func)(ext2_filsys fs,
332 						       blk64_t goal,
333 						       blk64_t *ret),
334 				     errcode_t (**old)(ext2_filsys fs,
335 						       blk64_t goal,
336 						       blk64_t *ret))
337 {
338 	if (!fs || fs->magic != EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS)
339 		return;
340 
341 	if (old)
342 		*old = fs->get_alloc_block;
343 
344 	fs->get_alloc_block = func;
345 }
346 
ext2fs_find_inode_goal(ext2_filsys fs,ext2_ino_t ino,struct ext2_inode * inode,blk64_t lblk)347 blk64_t ext2fs_find_inode_goal(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t ino,
348 			       struct ext2_inode *inode, blk64_t lblk)
349 {
350 	dgrp_t			group;
351 	__u8			log_flex;
352 	struct ext2fs_extent	extent;
353 	ext2_extent_handle_t	handle = NULL;
354 	errcode_t		err;
355 
356 	/* Make sure data stored in inode->i_block is neither fast symlink nor
357 	 * inline data.
358 	 */
359 	if (inode == NULL || ext2fs_is_fast_symlink(inode) ||
360 	    inode->i_flags & EXT4_INLINE_DATA_FL)
361 		goto no_blocks;
362 
363 	if (inode->i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL) {
364 		err = ext2fs_extent_open2(fs, ino, inode, &handle);
365 		if (err)
366 			goto no_blocks;
367 		err = ext2fs_extent_goto2(handle, 0, lblk);
368 		if (err)
369 			goto no_blocks;
370 		err = ext2fs_extent_get(handle, EXT2_EXTENT_CURRENT, &extent);
371 		if (err)
372 			goto no_blocks;
373 		ext2fs_extent_free(handle);
374 		return extent.e_pblk + (lblk - extent.e_lblk);
375 	}
376 
377 	/* block mapped file; see if block zero is mapped? */
378 	if (inode->i_block[0])
379 		return inode->i_block[0];
380 
381 no_blocks:
382 	ext2fs_extent_free(handle);
383 	log_flex = fs->super->s_log_groups_per_flex;
384 	group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, ino);
385 	if (log_flex)
386 		group = group & ~((1 << (log_flex)) - 1);
387 	return ext2fs_group_first_block2(fs, group);
388 }
389 
390 /*
391  * Starting at _goal_, scan around the filesystem to find a run of free blocks
392  * that's at least _len_ blocks long.  Possible flags:
393  * - EXT2_NEWRANGE_EXACT_GOAL: The range of blocks must start at _goal_.
394  * - EXT2_NEWRANGE_MIN_LENGTH: do not return a allocation shorter than _len_.
395  * - EXT2_NEWRANGE_ZERO_BLOCKS: Zero blocks pblk to pblk+plen before returning.
396  *
397  * The starting block is returned in _pblk_ and the length is returned via
398  * _plen_.  The blocks are not marked in the bitmap; the caller must mark
399  * however much of the returned run they actually use, hopefully via
400  * ext2fs_block_alloc_stats_range().
401  *
402  * This function can return a range that is longer than what was requested.
403  */
ext2fs_new_range(ext2_filsys fs,int flags,blk64_t goal,blk64_t len,ext2fs_block_bitmap map,blk64_t * pblk,blk64_t * plen)404 errcode_t ext2fs_new_range(ext2_filsys fs, int flags, blk64_t goal,
405 			   blk64_t len, ext2fs_block_bitmap map, blk64_t *pblk,
406 			   blk64_t *plen)
407 {
408 	errcode_t retval;
409 	blk64_t start, end, b;
410 	int looped = 0;
411 	blk64_t max_blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
412 	errcode_t (*nrf)(ext2_filsys fs, int flags, blk64_t goal,
413 			 blk64_t len, blk64_t *pblk, blk64_t *plen);
414 
415 	dbg_printf("%s: flags=0x%x goal=%llu len=%llu\n", __func__, flags,
416 		   goal, len);
417 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(fs, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS);
418 	if (len == 0 || (flags & ~EXT2_NEWRANGE_ALL_FLAGS))
419 		return EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
420 
421 	if (!map && fs->new_range) {
422 		/*
423 		 * In case there are clients out there whose new_range
424 		 * handlers call ext2fs_new_range with a NULL block map,
425 		 * temporarily swap out the function pointer so that we don't
426 		 * end up in an infinite loop.
427 		 */
428 		nrf = fs->new_range;
429 		fs->new_range = NULL;
430 		retval = nrf(fs, flags, goal, len, pblk, plen);
431 		fs->new_range = nrf;
432 		if (retval)
433 			return retval;
434 		start = *pblk;
435 		end = *pblk + *plen;
436 		goto allocated;
437 	}
438 	if (!map)
439 		map = fs->block_map;
440 	if (!map)
441 		return EXT2_ET_NO_BLOCK_BITMAP;
442 	if (!goal || goal >= ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super))
443 		goal = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
444 
445 	start = goal;
446 	while (!looped || start <= goal) {
447 		retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_block_bitmap2(map, start,
448 							      max_blocks - 1,
449 							      &start);
450 		if (retval == ENOENT) {
451 			/*
452 			 * If there are no free blocks beyond the starting
453 			 * point, try scanning the whole filesystem, unless the
454 			 * user told us only to allocate from _goal_, or if
455 			 * we're already scanning the whole filesystem.
456 			 */
457 			if (flags & EXT2_NEWRANGE_FIXED_GOAL ||
458 			    start == fs->super->s_first_data_block)
459 				goto fail;
460 			start = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
461 			continue;
462 		} else if (retval)
463 			goto errout;
464 
465 		if (flags & EXT2_NEWRANGE_FIXED_GOAL && start != goal)
466 			goto fail;
467 
468 		b = min(start + len - 1, max_blocks - 1);
469 		retval =  ext2fs_find_first_set_block_bitmap2(map, start, b,
470 							      &end);
471 		if (retval == ENOENT)
472 			end = b + 1;
473 		else if (retval)
474 			goto errout;
475 
476 		if (!(flags & EXT2_NEWRANGE_MIN_LENGTH) ||
477 		    (end - start) >= len) {
478 			/* Success! */
479 			*pblk = start;
480 			*plen = end - start;
481 			dbg_printf("%s: new_range goal=%llu--%llu "
482 				   "blk=%llu--%llu %llu\n",
483 				   __func__, goal, goal + len - 1,
484 				   *pblk, *pblk + *plen - 1, *plen);
485 allocated:
486 			for (b = start; b < end;
487 			     b += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group)
488 				ext2fs_clear_block_uninit(fs,
489 						ext2fs_group_of_blk2(fs, b));
490 			return 0;
491 		}
492 
493 		if (flags & EXT2_NEWRANGE_FIXED_GOAL)
494 			goto fail;
495 		start = end;
496 		if (start >= max_blocks) {
497 			if (looped)
498 				goto fail;
499 			looped = 1;
500 			start = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
501 		}
502 	}
503 
504 fail:
505 	retval = EXT2_ET_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL;
506 errout:
507 	return retval;
508 }
509 
ext2fs_set_new_range_callback(ext2_filsys fs,errcode_t (* func)(ext2_filsys fs,int flags,blk64_t goal,blk64_t len,blk64_t * pblk,blk64_t * plen),errcode_t (** old)(ext2_filsys fs,int flags,blk64_t goal,blk64_t len,blk64_t * pblk,blk64_t * plen))510 void ext2fs_set_new_range_callback(ext2_filsys fs,
511 	errcode_t (*func)(ext2_filsys fs, int flags, blk64_t goal,
512 			       blk64_t len, blk64_t *pblk, blk64_t *plen),
513 	errcode_t (**old)(ext2_filsys fs, int flags, blk64_t goal,
514 			       blk64_t len, blk64_t *pblk, blk64_t *plen))
515 {
516 	if (!fs || fs->magic != EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS)
517 		return;
518 
519 	if (old)
520 		*old = fs->new_range;
521 
522 	fs->new_range = func;
523 }
524 
ext2fs_alloc_range(ext2_filsys fs,int flags,blk64_t goal,blk_t len,blk64_t * ret)525 errcode_t ext2fs_alloc_range(ext2_filsys fs, int flags, blk64_t goal,
526 			     blk_t len, blk64_t *ret)
527 {
528 	int newr_flags = EXT2_NEWRANGE_MIN_LENGTH;
529 	errcode_t retval;
530 	blk64_t plen;
531 
532 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(fs, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS);
533 	if (len == 0 || (flags & ~EXT2_ALLOCRANGE_ALL_FLAGS))
534 		return EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
535 
536 	if (flags & EXT2_ALLOCRANGE_FIXED_GOAL)
537 		newr_flags |= EXT2_NEWRANGE_FIXED_GOAL;
538 
539 	retval = ext2fs_new_range(fs, newr_flags, goal, len, NULL, ret, &plen);
540 	if (retval)
541 		return retval;
542 
543 	if (plen < len)
544 		return EXT2_ET_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL;
545 
546 	if (flags & EXT2_ALLOCRANGE_ZERO_BLOCKS) {
547 		retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, *ret, len, NULL, NULL);
548 		if (retval)
549 			return retval;
550 	}
551 
552 	ext2fs_block_alloc_stats_range(fs, *ret, len, +1);
553 	return retval;
554 }
555