xref: /external/Reactive-Extensions/RxCpp/Rx/v2/src/rxcpp/rx-observable.hpp

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

#pragma once

#if !defined(RXCPP_RX_OBSERVABLE_HPP)
#define RXCPP_RX_OBSERVABLE_HPP

#include "rx-includes.hpp"

#ifdef __GNUG__
#define EXPLICIT_THIS this->
#else
#define EXPLICIT_THIS
#endif

namespace rxcpp {

namespace detail {

template<class Subscriber, class T>
struct has_on_subscribe_for
{
    struct not_void {};
    template<class CS, class CT>
    static auto check(int) -> decltype((*(CT*)nullptr).on_subscribe(*(CS*)nullptr));
    template<class CS, class CT>
    static not_void check(...);

    typedef decltype(check<rxu::decay_t<Subscriber>, T>(0)) detail_result;
    static const bool value = std::is_same<detail_result, void>::value;
};

}

template<class T>
class dynamic_observable
    : public rxs::source_base<T>
{
    struct state_type
        : public std::enable_shared_from_this<state_type>
    {
        typedef std::function<void(subscriber<T>)> onsubscribe_type;

        onsubscribe_type on_subscribe;
    };
    std::shared_ptr<state_type> state;

    template<class U>
    friend bool operator==(const dynamic_observable<U>&, const dynamic_observable<U>&);

    template<class SO>
    void construct(SO&& source, rxs::tag_source&&) {
        rxu::decay_t<SO> so = std::forward<SO>(source);
        state->on_subscribe = [so](subscriber<T> o) mutable {
            so.on_subscribe(std::move(o));
        };
    }

    struct tag_function {};
    template<class F>
    void construct(F&& f, tag_function&&) {
        state->on_subscribe = std::forward<F>(f);
    }

public:

    typedef tag_dynamic_observable dynamic_observable_tag;

    dynamic_observable()
    {
    }

    template<class SOF>
    explicit dynamic_observable(SOF&& sof, typename std::enable_if<!is_dynamic_observable<SOF>::value, void**>::type = 0)
        : state(std::make_shared<state_type>())
    {
        construct(std::forward<SOF>(sof),
                  typename std::conditional<rxs::is_source<SOF>::value || rxo::is_operator<SOF>::value, rxs::tag_source, tag_function>::type());
    }

    void on_subscribe(subscriber<T> o) const {
        state->on_subscribe(std::move(o));
    }

    template<class Subscriber>
    typename std::enable_if<is_subscriber<Subscriber>::value, void>::type
    on_subscribe(Subscriber o) const {
        state->on_subscribe(o.as_dynamic());
    }
};

template<class T>
inline bool operator==(const dynamic_observable<T>& lhs, const dynamic_observable<T>& rhs) {
    return lhs.state == rhs.state;
}
template<class T>
inline bool operator!=(const dynamic_observable<T>& lhs, const dynamic_observable<T>& rhs) {
    return !(lhs == rhs);
}

template<class T, class Source>
observable<T> make_observable_dynamic(Source&& s) {
    return observable<T>(dynamic_observable<T>(std::forward<Source>(s)));
}

namespace detail {
template<bool Selector, class Default, class SO>
struct resolve_observable;

template<class Default, class SO>
struct resolve_observable<true, Default, SO>
{
    typedef typename SO::type type;
    typedef typename type::value_type value_type;
    static const bool value = true;
    typedef observable<value_type, type> observable_type;
    template<class... AN>
    static observable_type make(const Default&, AN&&... an) {
        return observable_type(type(std::forward<AN>(an)...));
    }
};
template<class Default, class SO>
struct resolve_observable<false, Default, SO>
{
    static const bool value = false;
    typedef Default observable_type;
    template<class... AN>
    static observable_type make(const observable_type& that, const AN&...) {
        return that;
    }
};
template<class SO>
struct resolve_observable<true, void, SO>
{
    typedef typename SO::type type;
    typedef typename type::value_type value_type;
    static const bool value = true;
    typedef observable<value_type, type> observable_type;
    template<class... AN>
    static observable_type make(AN&&... an) {
        return observable_type(type(std::forward<AN>(an)...));
    }
};
template<class SO>
struct resolve_observable<false, void, SO>
{
    static const bool value = false;
    typedef void observable_type;
    template<class... AN>
    static observable_type make(const AN&...) {
    }
};

}

template<class Selector, class Default, template<class... TN> class SO, class... AN>
struct defer_observable
    : public detail::resolve_observable<Selector::value, Default, rxu::defer_type<SO, AN...>>
{
};

/*!
    \brief a source of values whose methods block until all values have been emitted. subscribe or use one of the operator methods that reduce the values emitted to a single value.

    \ingroup group-observable

*/
template<class T, class Observable>
class blocking_observable
{
    template<class Obsvbl, class... ArgN>
    static auto blocking_subscribe(const Obsvbl& source, bool do_rethrow, ArgN&&... an)
        -> void {
        std::mutex lock;
        std::condition_variable wake;
        bool disposed = false;
        rxu::error_ptr error;

        auto dest = make_subscriber<T>(std::forward<ArgN>(an)...);

        // keep any error to rethrow at the end.
        auto scbr = make_subscriber<T>(
            dest,
            [&](T t){dest.on_next(t);},
            [&](rxu::error_ptr e){
                if (do_rethrow) {
                    error = e;
                } else {
                    dest.on_error(e);
                }
            },
            [&](){dest.on_completed();}
            );

        auto cs = scbr.get_subscription();
        cs.add(
            [&](){
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(lock);
                wake.notify_one();
                disposed = true;
            });

        source.subscribe(std::move(scbr));

        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(lock);
        wake.wait(guard,
            [&](){
                return disposed;
            });

        if (error) {rxu::rethrow_exception(error);}
    }

public:
    typedef rxu::decay_t<Observable> observable_type;
    observable_type source;
    ~blocking_observable()
    {
    }
    blocking_observable(observable_type s) : source(std::move(s)) {}

    ///
    /// `subscribe` will cause this observable to emit values to the provided subscriber.
    ///
    /// \return void
    ///
    /// \param an... - the arguments are passed to make_subscriber().
    ///
    /// callers must provide enough arguments to make a subscriber.
    /// overrides are supported. thus
    ///   `subscribe(thesubscriber, composite_subscription())`
    /// will take `thesubscriber.get_observer()` and the provided
    /// subscription and subscribe to the new subscriber.
    /// the `on_next`, `on_error`, `on_completed` methods can be supplied instead of an observer
    /// if a subscription or subscriber is not provided then a new subscription will be created.
    ///
    template<class... ArgN>
    auto subscribe(ArgN&&... an) const
        -> void {
        return blocking_subscribe(source, false, std::forward<ArgN>(an)...);
    }

    ///
    /// `subscribe_with_rethrow` will cause this observable to emit values to the provided subscriber.
    ///
    /// \note  If the source observable calls on_error, the raised exception is rethrown by this method.
    ///
    /// \note  If the source observable calls on_error, the `on_error` method on the subscriber will not be called.
    ///
    /// \return void
    ///
    /// \param an... - the arguments are passed to make_subscriber().
    ///
    /// callers must provide enough arguments to make a subscriber.
    /// overrides are supported. thus
    ///   `subscribe(thesubscriber, composite_subscription())`
    /// will take `thesubscriber.get_observer()` and the provided
    /// subscription and subscribe to the new subscriber.
    /// the `on_next`, `on_error`, `on_completed` methods can be supplied instead of an observer
    /// if a subscription or subscriber is not provided then a new subscription will be created.
    ///
    template<class... ArgN>
    auto subscribe_with_rethrow(ArgN&&... an) const
        -> void {
        return blocking_subscribe(source, true, std::forward<ArgN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! Return the first item emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

        \return  The first item emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \note  If the source observable calls on_error, the raised exception is rethrown by this method.

        \sample
        When the source observable emits at least one item:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking first sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking first sample

        When the source observable is empty:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking first empty sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking first empty sample
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto first(AN**...) -> delayed_type_t<T, AN...> const {
        rxu::maybe<T> result;
        composite_subscription cs;
        subscribe_with_rethrow(
            cs,
            [&](T v){result.reset(v); cs.unsubscribe();});
        if (result.empty())
            rxu::throw_exception(rxcpp::empty_error("first() requires a stream with at least one value"));
        return result.get();
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "first() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! Return the last item emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

        \return  The last item emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \note  If the source observable calls on_error, the raised exception is rethrown by this method.

        \sample
        When the source observable emits at least one item:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking last sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking last sample

        When the source observable is empty:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking last empty sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking last empty sample
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto last(AN**...) -> delayed_type_t<T, AN...> const {
        rxu::maybe<T> result;
        subscribe_with_rethrow(
            [&](T v){result.reset(v);});
        if (result.empty())
            rxu::throw_exception(rxcpp::empty_error("last() requires a stream with at least one value"));
        return result.get();
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "last() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! Return the total number of items emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \return  The total number of items emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \sample
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking count sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking count sample

        When the source observable calls on_error:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking count error sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking count error sample
    */
    int count() const {
        int result = 0;
        source.count().as_blocking().subscribe_with_rethrow(
            [&](int v){result = v;});
        return result;
    }

    /*! Return the sum of all items emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

        \return  The sum of all items emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \sample
        When the source observable emits at least one item:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking sum sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking sum sample

        When the source observable is empty:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking sum empty sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking sum empty sample

        When the source observable calls on_error:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking sum error sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking sum error sample
    */
    T sum() const {
        return source.sum().as_blocking().last();
    }

    /*! Return the average value of all items emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

        \return  The average value of all items emitted by this blocking_observable.

        \sample
        When the source observable emits at least one item:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking average sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking average sample

        When the source observable is empty:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking average empty sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking average empty sample

        When the source observable calls on_error:
        \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking average error sample
        \snippet output.txt blocking average error sample
    */
    double average() const {
        return source.average().as_blocking().last();
    }

    /*! Return the max of all items emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

    \return  The max of all items emitted by this blocking_observable.

    \sample
    When the source observable emits at least one item:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking max sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking max sample

    When the source observable is empty:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking max empty sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking max empty sample

    When the source observable calls on_error:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking max error sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking max error sample
*/
    T max() const {
        return source.max().as_blocking().last();
    }

    /*! Return the min of all items emitted by this blocking_observable, or throw an std::runtime_error exception if it emits no items.

    \return  The min of all items emitted by this blocking_observable.

    \sample
    When the source observable emits at least one item:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking min sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking min sample

    When the source observable is empty:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking min empty sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking min empty sample

    When the source observable calls on_error:
    \snippet blocking_observable.cpp blocking min error sample
    \snippet output.txt blocking min error sample
*/
    T min() const {
        return source.min().as_blocking().last();
    }
};

namespace detail {

template<class SourceOperator, class Subscriber>
struct safe_subscriber
{
    safe_subscriber(SourceOperator& so, Subscriber& o) : so(std::addressof(so)), o(std::addressof(o)) {}

    void subscribe() {
        RXCPP_TRY {
            so->on_subscribe(*o);
        } RXCPP_CATCH(...) {
            if (!o->is_subscribed()) {
              rxu::rethrow_current_exception();
            }
            o->on_error(rxu::make_error_ptr(rxu::current_exception()));
            o->unsubscribe();
        }
    }

    void operator()(const rxsc::schedulable&) {
        subscribe();
    }

    SourceOperator* so;
    Subscriber* o;
};

}

template<>
class observable<void, void>;

/*!
    \defgroup group-observable Observables

    \brief These are the set of observable classes in rxcpp.

    \class rxcpp::observable

    \ingroup group-observable group-core

    \brief a source of values. subscribe or use one of the operator methods that return a new observable, which uses this observable as a source.

    \par Some code
    This sample will observable::subscribe() to values from a observable<void, void>::range().

    \sample
    \snippet range.cpp range sample
    \snippet output.txt range sample

*/
template<class T, class SourceOperator>
class observable
    : public observable_base<T>
{
    static_assert(std::is_same<T, typename SourceOperator::value_type>::value, "SourceOperator::value_type must be the same as T in observable<T, SourceOperator>");

    typedef observable<T, SourceOperator> this_type;

public:
    typedef rxu::decay_t<SourceOperator> source_operator_type;
    mutable source_operator_type source_operator;

private:

    template<class U, class SO>
    friend class observable;

    template<class U, class SO>
    friend bool operator==(const observable<U, SO>&, const observable<U, SO>&);

    template<class Subscriber>
    auto detail_subscribe(Subscriber o) const
        -> composite_subscription {

        typedef rxu::decay_t<Subscriber> subscriber_type;

        static_assert(is_subscriber<subscriber_type>::value, "subscribe must be passed a subscriber");
        static_assert(std::is_same<typename source_operator_type::value_type, T>::value && std::is_convertible<T*, typename subscriber_type::value_type*>::value, "the value types in the sequence must match or be convertible");
        static_assert(detail::has_on_subscribe_for<subscriber_type, source_operator_type>::value, "inner must have on_subscribe method that accepts this subscriber ");

        trace_activity().subscribe_enter(*this, o);

        if (!o.is_subscribed()) {
            trace_activity().subscribe_return(*this);
            return o.get_subscription();
        }

        detail::safe_subscriber<source_operator_type, subscriber_type> subscriber(source_operator, o);

        // make sure to let current_thread take ownership of the thread as early as possible.
        if (rxsc::current_thread::is_schedule_required()) {
            const auto& sc = rxsc::make_current_thread();
            sc.create_worker(o.get_subscription()).schedule(subscriber);
        } else {
            // current_thread already owns this thread.
            subscriber.subscribe();
        }

        trace_activity().subscribe_return(*this);
        return o.get_subscription();
    }

public:
    typedef T value_type;

    static_assert(rxo::is_operator<source_operator_type>::value || rxs::is_source<source_operator_type>::value, "observable must wrap an operator or source");

    ~observable()
    {
    }

    observable()
    {
    }

    explicit observable(const source_operator_type& o)
        : source_operator(o)
    {
    }
    explicit observable(source_operator_type&& o)
        : source_operator(std::move(o))
    {
    }

    /// implicit conversion between observables of the same value_type
    template<class SO>
    observable(const observable<T, SO>& o)
        : source_operator(o.source_operator)
    {}
    /// implicit conversion between observables of the same value_type
    template<class SO>
    observable(observable<T, SO>&& o)
        : source_operator(std::move(o.source_operator))
    {}

#if 0
    template<class I>
    void on_subscribe(observer<T, I> o) const {
        source_operator.on_subscribe(o);
    }
#endif

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::as_dynamic
     */
    template<class... AN>
    observable<T> as_dynamic(AN**...) const {
        return *this;
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "as_dynamic() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-ref_count.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto ref_count(AN... an) const // ref_count(ConnectableObservable&&)
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(ref_count_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(ref_count_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::as_blocking
     */
    template<class... AN>
    blocking_observable<T, this_type> as_blocking(AN**...) const {
        return blocking_observable<T, this_type>(*this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "as_blocking() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS

    ///
    /// takes any function that will take this observable and produce a result value.
    /// this is intended to allow externally defined operators, that use subscribe,
    /// to be connected into the expression.
    ///
    template<class OperatorFactory>
    auto op(OperatorFactory&& of) const
        -> decltype(of(*(const this_type*)nullptr)) {
        return      of(*this);
        static_assert(is_operator_factory_for<this_type, OperatorFactory>::value, "Function passed for op() must have the signature Result(SourceObservable)");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-lift.hpp
     */
    template<class ResultType, class Operator>
    auto lift(Operator&& op) const
        ->      observable<rxu::value_type_t<rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>, rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>> {
        return  observable<rxu::value_type_t<rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>, rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>(
                                                                                                                      rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>(source_operator, std::forward<Operator>(op)));
        static_assert(detail::is_lift_function_for<T, subscriber<ResultType>, Operator>::value, "Function passed for lift() must have the signature subscriber<...>(subscriber<T, ...>)");
    }

    ///
    /// takes any function that will take a subscriber for this observable and produce a subscriber.
    /// this is intended to allow externally defined operators, that use make_subscriber, to be connected
    /// into the expression.
    ///
    template<class ResultType, class Operator>
    auto lift_if(Operator&& op) const
        -> typename std::enable_if<detail::is_lift_function_for<T, subscriber<ResultType>, Operator>::value,
            observable<rxu::value_type_t<rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>, rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>>::type {
        return  observable<rxu::value_type_t<rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>, rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>>(
                                                                                                                      rxo::detail::lift_operator<ResultType, source_operator_type, Operator>(source_operator, std::forward<Operator>(op)));
    }
    ///
    /// takes any function that will take a subscriber for this observable and produce a subscriber.
    /// this is intended to allow externally defined operators, that use make_subscriber, to be connected
    /// into the expression.
    ///
    template<class ResultType, class Operator>
    auto lift_if(Operator&&) const
        -> typename std::enable_if<!detail::is_lift_function_for<T, subscriber<ResultType>, Operator>::value,
            decltype(rxs::from<ResultType>())>::type {
        return       rxs::from<ResultType>();
    }
    /// \endcond

    /*! @copydoc rx-subscribe.hpp
     */
    template<class... ArgN>
    auto subscribe(ArgN&&... an) const
        -> composite_subscription {
        return detail_subscribe(make_subscriber<T>(std::forward<ArgN>(an)...));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-all.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto all(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(all_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(all_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::is_empty
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto is_empty(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(is_empty_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(is_empty_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-any.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto any(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(any_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(any_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::exists
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto exists(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(exists_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(exists_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::contains
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto contains(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(contains_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(contains_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-filter.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto filter(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(filter_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(filter_tag{}, *this,                std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-switch_if_empty.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto switch_if_empty(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(switch_if_empty_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(switch_if_empty_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::default_if_empty
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto default_if_empty(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(default_if_empty_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(default_if_empty_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-sequence_equal.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto sequence_equal(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(sequence_equal_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(sequence_equal_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-tap.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto tap(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(tap_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(tap_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-time_interval.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto time_interval(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(time_interval_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(time_interval_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-timeout.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto timeout(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(timeout_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(timeout_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-timestamp.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto timestamp(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(timestamp_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(timestamp_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-finally.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto finally(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(finally_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(finally_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-on_error_resume_next.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto on_error_resume_next(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(on_error_resume_next_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(on_error_resume_next_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-on_error_resume_next.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto switch_on_error(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(on_error_resume_next_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(on_error_resume_next_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto map(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto transform(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-debounce.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto debounce(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(debounce_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(debounce_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-delay.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto delay(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(delay_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(delay_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-distinct.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto distinct(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(distinct_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(distinct_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-distinct_until_changed.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto distinct_until_changed(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(distinct_until_changed_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(distinct_until_changed_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-element_at.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto element_at(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(element_at_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(element_at_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-window.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto window(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(window_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(window_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-window_time.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto window_with_time(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(window_with_time_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(window_with_time_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-window_time_count.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto window_with_time_or_count(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(window_with_time_or_count_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(window_with_time_or_count_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-window_toggle.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto window_toggle(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(window_toggle_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(window_toggle_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-buffer_count.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto buffer(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(buffer_count_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(buffer_count_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-buffer_time.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto buffer_with_time(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(buffer_with_time_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(buffer_with_time_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-buffer_time_count.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto buffer_with_time_or_count(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(buffer_with_time_or_count_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(buffer_with_time_or_count_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-switch_on_next.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto switch_on_next(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(switch_on_next_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(switch_on_next_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-merge.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto merge(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(merge_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(merge_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-merge_delay_error.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto merge_delay_error(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(merge_delay_error_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
            return      observable_member(merge_delay_error_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-amb.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto amb(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(amb_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(amb_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-flat_map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto flat_map(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(flat_map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(flat_map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-flat_map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto merge_transform(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(flat_map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(flat_map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-concat.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto concat(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(concat_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(concat_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-concat_map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto concat_map(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(concat_map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(concat_map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-concat_map.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto concat_transform(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(concat_map_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(concat_map_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-with_latest_from.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto with_latest_from(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(with_latest_from_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(with_latest_from_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }


    /*! @copydoc rx-combine_latest.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto combine_latest(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(combine_latest_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(combine_latest_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-zip.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto zip(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(zip_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(zip_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-group_by.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    inline auto group_by(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(group_by_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(group_by_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-ignore_elements.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto ignore_elements(AN&&... an) const
    /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
    -> decltype(observable_member(ignore_elements_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
    /// \endcond
    {
        return  observable_member(ignore_elements_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-muticast.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto multicast(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(multicast_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(multicast_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-publish.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto publish(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(publish_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(publish_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::publish_synchronized
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto publish_synchronized(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(publish_synchronized_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(publish_synchronized_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-replay.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto replay(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(replay_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(replay_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-subscribe_on.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto subscribe_on(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(subscribe_on_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(subscribe_on_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-observe_on.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto observe_on(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(observe_on_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(observe_on_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-reduce.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto reduce(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(reduce_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(reduce_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-reduce.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto accumulate(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(reduce_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(reduce_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::first
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto first(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<first_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<first_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "first() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::last
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto last(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<last_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<last_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "last() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::count
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto count(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<reduce_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr, 0, rxu::count(), identity_for<int>()))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<reduce_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this, 0, rxu::count(), identity_for<int>());
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "count() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::sum
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto sum(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<sum_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<sum_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "sum() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::average
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto average(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<average_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<average_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "average() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::max
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto max(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<max_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<max_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "max() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::operators::min
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto min(AN**...) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(delayed_type<min_tag, AN...>::value(), *(this_type*)nullptr))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(delayed_type<min_tag, AN...>::value(),                *this);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "min() was passed too many arguments.");
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-scan.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto scan(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(scan_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(scan_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-sample_time.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto sample_with_time(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(sample_with_time_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(sample_with_time_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-skip.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto skip(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(skip_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(skip_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-skip.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto skip_while(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(skip_while_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(skip_while_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-skip_last.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto skip_last(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(skip_last_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(skip_last_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-skip_until.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto skip_until(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(skip_until_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(skip_until_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-take.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto take(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(take_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(take_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-take_last.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto take_last(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(take_last_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(take_last_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-take_until.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto take_until(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(take_until_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(take_until_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-take_while.hpp
    */
    template<class... AN>
    auto take_while(AN&&... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(take_while_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(take_while_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-repeat.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto repeat(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(repeat_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(repeat_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-retry.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto retry(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(retry_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(retry_tag{},                *(this_type*)this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-start_with.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto start_with(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(start_with_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(start_with_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-pairwise.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    auto pairwise(AN... an) const
        /// \cond SHOW_SERVICE_MEMBERS
        -> decltype(observable_member(pairwise_tag{}, *(this_type*)nullptr, std::forward<AN>(an)...))
        /// \endcond
    {
        return      observable_member(pairwise_tag{},                *this, std::forward<AN>(an)...);
    }
};

template<class T, class SourceOperator>
inline bool operator==(const observable<T, SourceOperator>& lhs, const observable<T, SourceOperator>& rhs) {
    return lhs.source_operator == rhs.source_operator;
}
template<class T, class SourceOperator>
inline bool operator!=(const observable<T, SourceOperator>& lhs, const observable<T, SourceOperator>& rhs) {
    return !(lhs == rhs);
}

/*!
    \defgroup group-core Basics

    \brief These are the core classes that combine to represent a set of values emitted over time that can be cancelled.

    \class rxcpp::observable<void, void>

    \brief typed as ```rxcpp::observable<>```, this is a collection of factory methods that return an observable.

    \ingroup group-core

    \par Create a new type of observable

    \sample
    \snippet create.cpp Create sample
    \snippet output.txt Create sample

    \par Create an observable that emits a range of values

    \sample
    \snippet range.cpp range sample
    \snippet output.txt range sample

    \par Create an observable that emits nothing / generates an error / immediately completes

    \sample
    \snippet never.cpp never sample
    \snippet output.txt never sample
    \snippet error.cpp error sample
    \snippet output.txt error sample
    \snippet empty.cpp empty sample
    \snippet output.txt empty sample

    \par Create an observable that generates new observable for each subscriber

    \sample
    \snippet defer.cpp defer sample
    \snippet output.txt defer sample

    \par Create an observable that emits items every specified interval of time

    \sample
    \snippet interval.cpp interval sample
    \snippet output.txt interval sample

    \par Create an observable that emits items in the specified interval of time

    \sample
    \snippet timer.cpp duration timer sample
    \snippet output.txt duration timer sample

    \par Create an observable that emits all items from a collection

    \sample
    \snippet iterate.cpp iterate sample
    \snippet output.txt iterate sample

    \par Create an observable that emits a set of specified items

    \sample
    \snippet from.cpp from sample
    \snippet output.txt from sample

    \par Create an observable that emits a single item

    \sample
    \snippet just.cpp just sample
    \snippet output.txt just sample

    \par Create an observable that emits a set of items and then subscribes to another observable

    \sample
    \snippet start_with.cpp full start_with sample
    \snippet output.txt full start_with sample

    \par Create an observable that generates a new observable based on a generated resource for each subscriber

    \sample
    \snippet scope.cpp scope sample
    \snippet output.txt scope sample

*/
template<>
class observable<void, void>
{
    ~observable();
public:
    /*! @copydoc rx-create.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class OnSubscribe>
    static auto create(OnSubscribe os)
        -> decltype(rxs::create<T>(std::move(os))) {
        return      rxs::create<T>(std::move(os));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-range.hpp
     */
    template<class T>
    static auto range(T first = 0, T last = std::numeric_limits<T>::max(), std::ptrdiff_t step = 1)
        -> decltype(rxs::range<T>(first, last, step, identity_current_thread())) {
        return      rxs::range<T>(first, last, step, identity_current_thread());
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-range.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto range(T first, T last, std::ptrdiff_t step, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::range<T>(first, last, step, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::range<T>(first, last, step, std::move(cn));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-range.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto range(T first, T last, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::range<T>(first, last, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::range<T>(first, last, std::move(cn));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-range.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto range(T first, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::range<T>(first, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::range<T>(first, std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-never.hpp
     */
    template<class T>
    static auto never()
        -> decltype(rxs::never<T>()) {
        return      rxs::never<T>();
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-defer.hpp
     */
    template<class ObservableFactory>
    static auto defer(ObservableFactory of)
        -> decltype(rxs::defer(std::move(of))) {
        return      rxs::defer(std::move(of));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-interval.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    static auto interval(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration period, AN**...)
        -> decltype(rxs::interval(period)) {
        return      rxs::interval(period);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "interval(period) was passed too many arguments.");
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-interval.hpp
     */
    template<class Coordination>
    static auto interval(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration period, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::interval(period, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::interval(period, std::move(cn));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-interval.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    static auto interval(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::time_point initial, rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration period, AN**...)
        -> decltype(rxs::interval(initial, period)) {
        return      rxs::interval(initial, period);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "interval(initial, period) was passed too many arguments.");
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-interval.hpp
     */
    template<class Coordination>
    static auto interval(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::time_point initial, rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration period, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::interval(initial, period, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::interval(initial, period, std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-timer.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    static auto timer(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::time_point at, AN**...)
        -> decltype(rxs::timer(at)) {
        return      rxs::timer(at);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "timer(at) was passed too many arguments.");
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-timer.hpp
     */
    template<class... AN>
    static auto timer(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration after, AN**...)
        -> decltype(rxs::timer(after)) {
        return      rxs::timer(after);
        static_assert(sizeof...(AN) == 0, "timer(after) was passed too many arguments.");
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-timer.hpp
     */
    template<class Coordination>
    static auto timer(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::time_point when, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::timer(when, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::timer(when, std::move(cn));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-timer.hpp
     */
    template<class Coordination>
    static auto timer(rxsc::scheduler::clock_type::duration when, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::timer(when, std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::timer(when, std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-iterate.hpp
     */
    template<class Collection>
    static auto iterate(Collection c)
        -> decltype(rxs::iterate(std::move(c), identity_current_thread())) {
        return      rxs::iterate(std::move(c), identity_current_thread());
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-iterate.hpp
     */
    template<class Collection, class Coordination>
    static auto iterate(Collection c, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::iterate(std::move(c), std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::iterate(std::move(c), std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::from()
     */
    template<class T>
    static auto from()
        -> decltype(    rxs::from<T>()) {
        return          rxs::from<T>();
    }
    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::from(Coordination cn)
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto from(Coordination cn)
        -> typename std::enable_if<is_coordination<Coordination>::value,
            decltype(   rxs::from<T>(std::move(cn)))>::type {
        return          rxs::from<T>(std::move(cn));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::from(Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
     */
    template<class Value0, class... ValueN>
    static auto from(Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
        -> typename std::enable_if<!is_coordination<Value0>::value,
            decltype(   rxs::from(v0, vn...))>::type {
        return          rxs::from(v0, vn...);
    }
    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::from(Coordination cn, Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
     */
    template<class Coordination, class Value0, class... ValueN>
    static auto from(Coordination cn, Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
        -> typename std::enable_if<is_coordination<Coordination>::value,
            decltype(   rxs::from(std::move(cn), v0, vn...))>::type {
        return          rxs::from(std::move(cn), v0, vn...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::just(Value0 v0)
     */
    template<class T>
    static auto just(T v)
        -> decltype(rxs::just(std::move(v))) {
        return      rxs::just(std::move(v));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::just(Value0 v0, Coordination cn)
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto just(T v, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::just(std::move(v), std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::just(std::move(v), std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rxcpp::sources::start_with(Observable o, Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
     */
    template<class Observable, class Value0, class... ValueN>
    static auto start_with(Observable o, Value0 v0, ValueN... vn)
        -> decltype(rxs::start_with(std::move(o), std::move(v0), std::move(vn)...)) {
        return      rxs::start_with(std::move(o), std::move(v0), std::move(vn)...);
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-empty.hpp
     */
    template<class T>
    static auto empty()
        -> decltype(from<T>()) {
        return      from<T>();
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-empty.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Coordination>
    static auto empty(Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(from<T>(std::move(cn))) {
        return      from<T>(std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-error.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Exception>
    static auto error(Exception&& e)
        -> decltype(rxs::error<T>(std::forward<Exception>(e))) {
        return      rxs::error<T>(std::forward<Exception>(e));
    }
    /*! @copydoc rx-error.hpp
     */
    template<class T, class Exception, class Coordination>
    static auto error(Exception&& e, Coordination cn)
        -> decltype(rxs::error<T>(std::forward<Exception>(e), std::move(cn))) {
        return      rxs::error<T>(std::forward<Exception>(e), std::move(cn));
    }

    /*! @copydoc rx-scope.hpp
     */
    template<class ResourceFactory, class ObservableFactory>
    static auto scope(ResourceFactory rf, ObservableFactory of)
        -> decltype(rxs::scope(std::move(rf), std::move(of))) {
        return      rxs::scope(std::move(rf), std::move(of));
    }
};

}

//
// support range() >> filter() >> subscribe() syntax
// '>>' is spelled 'stream'
//
template<class T, class SourceOperator, class OperatorFactory>
auto operator >> (const rxcpp::observable<T, SourceOperator>& source, OperatorFactory&& of)
    -> decltype(source.op(std::forward<OperatorFactory>(of))) {
    return      source.op(std::forward<OperatorFactory>(of));
}

//
// support range() | filter() | subscribe() syntax
// '|' is spelled 'pipe'
//
template<class T, class SourceOperator, class OperatorFactory>
auto operator | (const rxcpp::observable<T, SourceOperator>& source, OperatorFactory&& of)
    -> decltype(source.op(std::forward<OperatorFactory>(of))) {
    return      source.op(std::forward<OperatorFactory>(of));
}

#endif