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1#
2# A higher level module for using sockets (or Windows named pipes)
3#
4# multiprocessing/connection.py
5#
6# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk
7# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
8#
9
10__all__ = [ 'Client', 'Listener', 'Pipe', 'wait' ]
11
12import io
13import os
14import sys
15import socket
16import struct
17import time
18import tempfile
19import itertools
20
21import _multiprocessing
22
23from . import util
24
25from . import AuthenticationError, BufferTooShort
26from .context import reduction
27_ForkingPickler = reduction.ForkingPickler
28
29try:
30    import _winapi
31    from _winapi import WAIT_OBJECT_0, WAIT_ABANDONED_0, WAIT_TIMEOUT, INFINITE
32except ImportError:
33    if sys.platform == 'win32':
34        raise
35    _winapi = None
36
37#
38#
39#
40
41BUFSIZE = 8192
42# A very generous timeout when it comes to local connections...
43CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 20.
44
45_mmap_counter = itertools.count()
46
47default_family = 'AF_INET'
48families = ['AF_INET']
49
50if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
51    default_family = 'AF_UNIX'
52    families += ['AF_UNIX']
53
54if sys.platform == 'win32':
55    default_family = 'AF_PIPE'
56    families += ['AF_PIPE']
57
58
59def _init_timeout(timeout=CONNECTION_TIMEOUT):
60    return time.monotonic() + timeout
61
62def _check_timeout(t):
63    return time.monotonic() > t
64
65#
66#
67#
68
69def arbitrary_address(family):
70    '''
71    Return an arbitrary free address for the given family
72    '''
73    if family == 'AF_INET':
74        return ('localhost', 0)
75    elif family == 'AF_UNIX':
76        return tempfile.mktemp(prefix='listener-', dir=util.get_temp_dir())
77    elif family == 'AF_PIPE':
78        return tempfile.mktemp(prefix=r'\\.\pipe\pyc-%d-%d-' %
79                               (os.getpid(), next(_mmap_counter)), dir="")
80    else:
81        raise ValueError('unrecognized family')
82
83def _validate_family(family):
84    '''
85    Checks if the family is valid for the current environment.
86    '''
87    if sys.platform != 'win32' and family == 'AF_PIPE':
88        raise ValueError('Family %s is not recognized.' % family)
89
90    if sys.platform == 'win32' and family == 'AF_UNIX':
91        # double check
92        if not hasattr(socket, family):
93            raise ValueError('Family %s is not recognized.' % family)
94
95def address_type(address):
96    '''
97    Return the types of the address
98
99    This can be 'AF_INET', 'AF_UNIX', or 'AF_PIPE'
100    '''
101    if type(address) == tuple:
102        return 'AF_INET'
103    elif type(address) is str and address.startswith('\\\\'):
104        return 'AF_PIPE'
105    elif type(address) is str:
106        return 'AF_UNIX'
107    else:
108        raise ValueError('address type of %r unrecognized' % address)
109
110#
111# Connection classes
112#
113
114class _ConnectionBase:
115    _handle = None
116
117    def __init__(self, handle, readable=True, writable=True):
118        handle = handle.__index__()
119        if handle < 0:
120            raise ValueError("invalid handle")
121        if not readable and not writable:
122            raise ValueError(
123                "at least one of `readable` and `writable` must be True")
124        self._handle = handle
125        self._readable = readable
126        self._writable = writable
127
128    # XXX should we use util.Finalize instead of a __del__?
129
130    def __del__(self):
131        if self._handle is not None:
132            self._close()
133
134    def _check_closed(self):
135        if self._handle is None:
136            raise OSError("handle is closed")
137
138    def _check_readable(self):
139        if not self._readable:
140            raise OSError("connection is write-only")
141
142    def _check_writable(self):
143        if not self._writable:
144            raise OSError("connection is read-only")
145
146    def _bad_message_length(self):
147        if self._writable:
148            self._readable = False
149        else:
150            self.close()
151        raise OSError("bad message length")
152
153    @property
154    def closed(self):
155        """True if the connection is closed"""
156        return self._handle is None
157
158    @property
159    def readable(self):
160        """True if the connection is readable"""
161        return self._readable
162
163    @property
164    def writable(self):
165        """True if the connection is writable"""
166        return self._writable
167
168    def fileno(self):
169        """File descriptor or handle of the connection"""
170        self._check_closed()
171        return self._handle
172
173    def close(self):
174        """Close the connection"""
175        if self._handle is not None:
176            try:
177                self._close()
178            finally:
179                self._handle = None
180
181    def send_bytes(self, buf, offset=0, size=None):
182        """Send the bytes data from a bytes-like object"""
183        self._check_closed()
184        self._check_writable()
185        m = memoryview(buf)
186        # HACK for byte-indexing of non-bytewise buffers (e.g. array.array)
187        if m.itemsize > 1:
188            m = memoryview(bytes(m))
189        n = len(m)
190        if offset < 0:
191            raise ValueError("offset is negative")
192        if n < offset:
193            raise ValueError("buffer length < offset")
194        if size is None:
195            size = n - offset
196        elif size < 0:
197            raise ValueError("size is negative")
198        elif offset + size > n:
199            raise ValueError("buffer length < offset + size")
200        self._send_bytes(m[offset:offset + size])
201
202    def send(self, obj):
203        """Send a (picklable) object"""
204        self._check_closed()
205        self._check_writable()
206        self._send_bytes(_ForkingPickler.dumps(obj))
207
208    def recv_bytes(self, maxlength=None):
209        """
210        Receive bytes data as a bytes object.
211        """
212        self._check_closed()
213        self._check_readable()
214        if maxlength is not None and maxlength < 0:
215            raise ValueError("negative maxlength")
216        buf = self._recv_bytes(maxlength)
217        if buf is None:
218            self._bad_message_length()
219        return buf.getvalue()
220
221    def recv_bytes_into(self, buf, offset=0):
222        """
223        Receive bytes data into a writeable bytes-like object.
224        Return the number of bytes read.
225        """
226        self._check_closed()
227        self._check_readable()
228        with memoryview(buf) as m:
229            # Get bytesize of arbitrary buffer
230            itemsize = m.itemsize
231            bytesize = itemsize * len(m)
232            if offset < 0:
233                raise ValueError("negative offset")
234            elif offset > bytesize:
235                raise ValueError("offset too large")
236            result = self._recv_bytes()
237            size = result.tell()
238            if bytesize < offset + size:
239                raise BufferTooShort(result.getvalue())
240            # Message can fit in dest
241            result.seek(0)
242            result.readinto(m[offset // itemsize :
243                              (offset + size) // itemsize])
244            return size
245
246    def recv(self):
247        """Receive a (picklable) object"""
248        self._check_closed()
249        self._check_readable()
250        buf = self._recv_bytes()
251        return _ForkingPickler.loads(buf.getbuffer())
252
253    def poll(self, timeout=0.0):
254        """Whether there is any input available to be read"""
255        self._check_closed()
256        self._check_readable()
257        return self._poll(timeout)
258
259    def __enter__(self):
260        return self
261
262    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
263        self.close()
264
265
266if _winapi:
267
268    class PipeConnection(_ConnectionBase):
269        """
270        Connection class based on a Windows named pipe.
271        Overlapped I/O is used, so the handles must have been created
272        with FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED.
273        """
274        _got_empty_message = False
275
276        def _close(self, _CloseHandle=_winapi.CloseHandle):
277            _CloseHandle(self._handle)
278
279        def _send_bytes(self, buf):
280            ov, err = _winapi.WriteFile(self._handle, buf, overlapped=True)
281            try:
282                if err == _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING:
283                    waitres = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(
284                        [ov.event], False, INFINITE)
285                    assert waitres == WAIT_OBJECT_0
286            except:
287                ov.cancel()
288                raise
289            finally:
290                nwritten, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(True)
291            assert err == 0
292            assert nwritten == len(buf)
293
294        def _recv_bytes(self, maxsize=None):
295            if self._got_empty_message:
296                self._got_empty_message = False
297                return io.BytesIO()
298            else:
299                bsize = 128 if maxsize is None else min(maxsize, 128)
300                try:
301                    ov, err = _winapi.ReadFile(self._handle, bsize,
302                                                overlapped=True)
303                    try:
304                        if err == _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING:
305                            waitres = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(
306                                [ov.event], False, INFINITE)
307                            assert waitres == WAIT_OBJECT_0
308                    except:
309                        ov.cancel()
310                        raise
311                    finally:
312                        nread, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(True)
313                        if err == 0:
314                            f = io.BytesIO()
315                            f.write(ov.getbuffer())
316                            return f
317                        elif err == _winapi.ERROR_MORE_DATA:
318                            return self._get_more_data(ov, maxsize)
319                except OSError as e:
320                    if e.winerror == _winapi.ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE:
321                        raise EOFError
322                    else:
323                        raise
324            raise RuntimeError("shouldn't get here; expected KeyboardInterrupt")
325
326        def _poll(self, timeout):
327            if (self._got_empty_message or
328                        _winapi.PeekNamedPipe(self._handle)[0] != 0):
329                return True
330            return bool(wait([self], timeout))
331
332        def _get_more_data(self, ov, maxsize):
333            buf = ov.getbuffer()
334            f = io.BytesIO()
335            f.write(buf)
336            left = _winapi.PeekNamedPipe(self._handle)[1]
337            assert left > 0
338            if maxsize is not None and len(buf) + left > maxsize:
339                self._bad_message_length()
340            ov, err = _winapi.ReadFile(self._handle, left, overlapped=True)
341            rbytes, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(True)
342            assert err == 0
343            assert rbytes == left
344            f.write(ov.getbuffer())
345            return f
346
347
348class Connection(_ConnectionBase):
349    """
350    Connection class based on an arbitrary file descriptor (Unix only), or
351    a socket handle (Windows).
352    """
353
354    if _winapi:
355        def _close(self, _close=_multiprocessing.closesocket):
356            _close(self._handle)
357        _write = _multiprocessing.send
358        _read = _multiprocessing.recv
359    else:
360        def _close(self, _close=os.close):
361            _close(self._handle)
362        _write = os.write
363        _read = os.read
364
365    def _send(self, buf, write=_write):
366        remaining = len(buf)
367        while True:
368            n = write(self._handle, buf)
369            remaining -= n
370            if remaining == 0:
371                break
372            buf = buf[n:]
373
374    def _recv(self, size, read=_read):
375        buf = io.BytesIO()
376        handle = self._handle
377        remaining = size
378        while remaining > 0:
379            chunk = read(handle, remaining)
380            n = len(chunk)
381            if n == 0:
382                if remaining == size:
383                    raise EOFError
384                else:
385                    raise OSError("got end of file during message")
386            buf.write(chunk)
387            remaining -= n
388        return buf
389
390    def _send_bytes(self, buf):
391        n = len(buf)
392        # For wire compatibility with 3.2 and lower
393        header = struct.pack("!i", n)
394        if n > 16384:
395            # The payload is large so Nagle's algorithm won't be triggered
396            # and we'd better avoid the cost of concatenation.
397            self._send(header)
398            self._send(buf)
399        else:
400            # Issue #20540: concatenate before sending, to avoid delays due
401            # to Nagle's algorithm on a TCP socket.
402            # Also note we want to avoid sending a 0-length buffer separately,
403            # to avoid "broken pipe" errors if the other end closed the pipe.
404            self._send(header + buf)
405
406    def _recv_bytes(self, maxsize=None):
407        buf = self._recv(4)
408        size, = struct.unpack("!i", buf.getvalue())
409        if maxsize is not None and size > maxsize:
410            return None
411        return self._recv(size)
412
413    def _poll(self, timeout):
414        r = wait([self], timeout)
415        return bool(r)
416
417
418#
419# Public functions
420#
421
422class Listener(object):
423    '''
424    Returns a listener object.
425
426    This is a wrapper for a bound socket which is 'listening' for
427    connections, or for a Windows named pipe.
428    '''
429    def __init__(self, address=None, family=None, backlog=1, authkey=None):
430        family = family or (address and address_type(address)) \
431                 or default_family
432        address = address or arbitrary_address(family)
433
434        _validate_family(family)
435        if family == 'AF_PIPE':
436            self._listener = PipeListener(address, backlog)
437        else:
438            self._listener = SocketListener(address, family, backlog)
439
440        if authkey is not None and not isinstance(authkey, bytes):
441            raise TypeError('authkey should be a byte string')
442
443        self._authkey = authkey
444
445    def accept(self):
446        '''
447        Accept a connection on the bound socket or named pipe of `self`.
448
449        Returns a `Connection` object.
450        '''
451        if self._listener is None:
452            raise OSError('listener is closed')
453        c = self._listener.accept()
454        if self._authkey:
455            deliver_challenge(c, self._authkey)
456            answer_challenge(c, self._authkey)
457        return c
458
459    def close(self):
460        '''
461        Close the bound socket or named pipe of `self`.
462        '''
463        listener = self._listener
464        if listener is not None:
465            self._listener = None
466            listener.close()
467
468    @property
469    def address(self):
470        return self._listener._address
471
472    @property
473    def last_accepted(self):
474        return self._listener._last_accepted
475
476    def __enter__(self):
477        return self
478
479    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
480        self.close()
481
482
483def Client(address, family=None, authkey=None):
484    '''
485    Returns a connection to the address of a `Listener`
486    '''
487    family = family or address_type(address)
488    _validate_family(family)
489    if family == 'AF_PIPE':
490        c = PipeClient(address)
491    else:
492        c = SocketClient(address)
493
494    if authkey is not None and not isinstance(authkey, bytes):
495        raise TypeError('authkey should be a byte string')
496
497    if authkey is not None:
498        answer_challenge(c, authkey)
499        deliver_challenge(c, authkey)
500
501    return c
502
503
504if sys.platform != 'win32':
505
506    def Pipe(duplex=True):
507        '''
508        Returns pair of connection objects at either end of a pipe
509        '''
510        if duplex:
511            s1, s2 = socket.socketpair()
512            s1.setblocking(True)
513            s2.setblocking(True)
514            c1 = Connection(s1.detach())
515            c2 = Connection(s2.detach())
516        else:
517            fd1, fd2 = os.pipe()
518            c1 = Connection(fd1, writable=False)
519            c2 = Connection(fd2, readable=False)
520
521        return c1, c2
522
523else:
524
525    def Pipe(duplex=True):
526        '''
527        Returns pair of connection objects at either end of a pipe
528        '''
529        address = arbitrary_address('AF_PIPE')
530        if duplex:
531            openmode = _winapi.PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX
532            access = _winapi.GENERIC_READ | _winapi.GENERIC_WRITE
533            obsize, ibsize = BUFSIZE, BUFSIZE
534        else:
535            openmode = _winapi.PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND
536            access = _winapi.GENERIC_WRITE
537            obsize, ibsize = 0, BUFSIZE
538
539        h1 = _winapi.CreateNamedPipe(
540            address, openmode | _winapi.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED |
541            _winapi.FILE_FLAG_FIRST_PIPE_INSTANCE,
542            _winapi.PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | _winapi.PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE |
543            _winapi.PIPE_WAIT,
544            1, obsize, ibsize, _winapi.NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER,
545            # default security descriptor: the handle cannot be inherited
546            _winapi.NULL
547            )
548        h2 = _winapi.CreateFile(
549            address, access, 0, _winapi.NULL, _winapi.OPEN_EXISTING,
550            _winapi.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, _winapi.NULL
551            )
552        _winapi.SetNamedPipeHandleState(
553            h2, _winapi.PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE, None, None
554            )
555
556        overlapped = _winapi.ConnectNamedPipe(h1, overlapped=True)
557        _, err = overlapped.GetOverlappedResult(True)
558        assert err == 0
559
560        c1 = PipeConnection(h1, writable=duplex)
561        c2 = PipeConnection(h2, readable=duplex)
562
563        return c1, c2
564
565#
566# Definitions for connections based on sockets
567#
568
569class SocketListener(object):
570    '''
571    Representation of a socket which is bound to an address and listening
572    '''
573    def __init__(self, address, family, backlog=1):
574        self._socket = socket.socket(getattr(socket, family))
575        try:
576            # SO_REUSEADDR has different semantics on Windows (issue #2550).
577            if os.name == 'posix':
578                self._socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,
579                                        socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
580            self._socket.setblocking(True)
581            self._socket.bind(address)
582            self._socket.listen(backlog)
583            self._address = self._socket.getsockname()
584        except OSError:
585            self._socket.close()
586            raise
587        self._family = family
588        self._last_accepted = None
589
590        if family == 'AF_UNIX':
591            self._unlink = util.Finalize(
592                self, os.unlink, args=(address,), exitpriority=0
593                )
594        else:
595            self._unlink = None
596
597    def accept(self):
598        s, self._last_accepted = self._socket.accept()
599        s.setblocking(True)
600        return Connection(s.detach())
601
602    def close(self):
603        try:
604            self._socket.close()
605        finally:
606            unlink = self._unlink
607            if unlink is not None:
608                self._unlink = None
609                unlink()
610
611
612def SocketClient(address):
613    '''
614    Return a connection object connected to the socket given by `address`
615    '''
616    family = address_type(address)
617    with socket.socket( getattr(socket, family) ) as s:
618        s.setblocking(True)
619        s.connect(address)
620        return Connection(s.detach())
621
622#
623# Definitions for connections based on named pipes
624#
625
626if sys.platform == 'win32':
627
628    class PipeListener(object):
629        '''
630        Representation of a named pipe
631        '''
632        def __init__(self, address, backlog=None):
633            self._address = address
634            self._handle_queue = [self._new_handle(first=True)]
635
636            self._last_accepted = None
637            util.sub_debug('listener created with address=%r', self._address)
638            self.close = util.Finalize(
639                self, PipeListener._finalize_pipe_listener,
640                args=(self._handle_queue, self._address), exitpriority=0
641                )
642
643        def _new_handle(self, first=False):
644            flags = _winapi.PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | _winapi.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED
645            if first:
646                flags |= _winapi.FILE_FLAG_FIRST_PIPE_INSTANCE
647            return _winapi.CreateNamedPipe(
648                self._address, flags,
649                _winapi.PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | _winapi.PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE |
650                _winapi.PIPE_WAIT,
651                _winapi.PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, BUFSIZE, BUFSIZE,
652                _winapi.NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER, _winapi.NULL
653                )
654
655        def accept(self):
656            self._handle_queue.append(self._new_handle())
657            handle = self._handle_queue.pop(0)
658            try:
659                ov = _winapi.ConnectNamedPipe(handle, overlapped=True)
660            except OSError as e:
661                if e.winerror != _winapi.ERROR_NO_DATA:
662                    raise
663                # ERROR_NO_DATA can occur if a client has already connected,
664                # written data and then disconnected -- see Issue 14725.
665            else:
666                try:
667                    res = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(
668                        [ov.event], False, INFINITE)
669                except:
670                    ov.cancel()
671                    _winapi.CloseHandle(handle)
672                    raise
673                finally:
674                    _, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(True)
675                    assert err == 0
676            return PipeConnection(handle)
677
678        @staticmethod
679        def _finalize_pipe_listener(queue, address):
680            util.sub_debug('closing listener with address=%r', address)
681            for handle in queue:
682                _winapi.CloseHandle(handle)
683
684    def PipeClient(address):
685        '''
686        Return a connection object connected to the pipe given by `address`
687        '''
688        t = _init_timeout()
689        while 1:
690            try:
691                _winapi.WaitNamedPipe(address, 1000)
692                h = _winapi.CreateFile(
693                    address, _winapi.GENERIC_READ | _winapi.GENERIC_WRITE,
694                    0, _winapi.NULL, _winapi.OPEN_EXISTING,
695                    _winapi.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, _winapi.NULL
696                    )
697            except OSError as e:
698                if e.winerror not in (_winapi.ERROR_SEM_TIMEOUT,
699                                      _winapi.ERROR_PIPE_BUSY) or _check_timeout(t):
700                    raise
701            else:
702                break
703        else:
704            raise
705
706        _winapi.SetNamedPipeHandleState(
707            h, _winapi.PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE, None, None
708            )
709        return PipeConnection(h)
710
711#
712# Authentication stuff
713#
714
715MESSAGE_LENGTH = 20
716
717CHALLENGE = b'#CHALLENGE#'
718WELCOME = b'#WELCOME#'
719FAILURE = b'#FAILURE#'
720
721def deliver_challenge(connection, authkey):
722    import hmac
723    if not isinstance(authkey, bytes):
724        raise ValueError(
725            "Authkey must be bytes, not {0!s}".format(type(authkey)))
726    message = os.urandom(MESSAGE_LENGTH)
727    connection.send_bytes(CHALLENGE + message)
728    digest = hmac.new(authkey, message, 'md5').digest()
729    response = connection.recv_bytes(256)        # reject large message
730    if response == digest:
731        connection.send_bytes(WELCOME)
732    else:
733        connection.send_bytes(FAILURE)
734        raise AuthenticationError('digest received was wrong')
735
736def answer_challenge(connection, authkey):
737    import hmac
738    if not isinstance(authkey, bytes):
739        raise ValueError(
740            "Authkey must be bytes, not {0!s}".format(type(authkey)))
741    message = connection.recv_bytes(256)         # reject large message
742    assert message[:len(CHALLENGE)] == CHALLENGE, 'message = %r' % message
743    message = message[len(CHALLENGE):]
744    digest = hmac.new(authkey, message, 'md5').digest()
745    connection.send_bytes(digest)
746    response = connection.recv_bytes(256)        # reject large message
747    if response != WELCOME:
748        raise AuthenticationError('digest sent was rejected')
749
750#
751# Support for using xmlrpclib for serialization
752#
753
754class ConnectionWrapper(object):
755    def __init__(self, conn, dumps, loads):
756        self._conn = conn
757        self._dumps = dumps
758        self._loads = loads
759        for attr in ('fileno', 'close', 'poll', 'recv_bytes', 'send_bytes'):
760            obj = getattr(conn, attr)
761            setattr(self, attr, obj)
762    def send(self, obj):
763        s = self._dumps(obj)
764        self._conn.send_bytes(s)
765    def recv(self):
766        s = self._conn.recv_bytes()
767        return self._loads(s)
768
769def _xml_dumps(obj):
770    return xmlrpclib.dumps((obj,), None, None, None, 1).encode('utf-8')
771
772def _xml_loads(s):
773    (obj,), method = xmlrpclib.loads(s.decode('utf-8'))
774    return obj
775
776class XmlListener(Listener):
777    def accept(self):
778        global xmlrpclib
779        import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
780        obj = Listener.accept(self)
781        return ConnectionWrapper(obj, _xml_dumps, _xml_loads)
782
783def XmlClient(*args, **kwds):
784    global xmlrpclib
785    import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
786    return ConnectionWrapper(Client(*args, **kwds), _xml_dumps, _xml_loads)
787
788#
789# Wait
790#
791
792if sys.platform == 'win32':
793
794    def _exhaustive_wait(handles, timeout):
795        # Return ALL handles which are currently signalled.  (Only
796        # returning the first signalled might create starvation issues.)
797        L = list(handles)
798        ready = []
799        while L:
800            res = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(L, False, timeout)
801            if res == WAIT_TIMEOUT:
802                break
803            elif WAIT_OBJECT_0 <= res < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + len(L):
804                res -= WAIT_OBJECT_0
805            elif WAIT_ABANDONED_0 <= res < WAIT_ABANDONED_0 + len(L):
806                res -= WAIT_ABANDONED_0
807            else:
808                raise RuntimeError('Should not get here')
809            ready.append(L[res])
810            L = L[res+1:]
811            timeout = 0
812        return ready
813
814    _ready_errors = {_winapi.ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE, _winapi.ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED}
815
816    def wait(object_list, timeout=None):
817        '''
818        Wait till an object in object_list is ready/readable.
819
820        Returns list of those objects in object_list which are ready/readable.
821        '''
822        if timeout is None:
823            timeout = INFINITE
824        elif timeout < 0:
825            timeout = 0
826        else:
827            timeout = int(timeout * 1000 + 0.5)
828
829        object_list = list(object_list)
830        waithandle_to_obj = {}
831        ov_list = []
832        ready_objects = set()
833        ready_handles = set()
834
835        try:
836            for o in object_list:
837                try:
838                    fileno = getattr(o, 'fileno')
839                except AttributeError:
840                    waithandle_to_obj[o.__index__()] = o
841                else:
842                    # start an overlapped read of length zero
843                    try:
844                        ov, err = _winapi.ReadFile(fileno(), 0, True)
845                    except OSError as e:
846                        ov, err = None, e.winerror
847                        if err not in _ready_errors:
848                            raise
849                    if err == _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING:
850                        ov_list.append(ov)
851                        waithandle_to_obj[ov.event] = o
852                    else:
853                        # If o.fileno() is an overlapped pipe handle and
854                        # err == 0 then there is a zero length message
855                        # in the pipe, but it HAS NOT been consumed...
856                        if ov and sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] >= (6, 2):
857                            # ... except on Windows 8 and later, where
858                            # the message HAS been consumed.
859                            try:
860                                _, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(False)
861                            except OSError as e:
862                                err = e.winerror
863                            if not err and hasattr(o, '_got_empty_message'):
864                                o._got_empty_message = True
865                        ready_objects.add(o)
866                        timeout = 0
867
868            ready_handles = _exhaustive_wait(waithandle_to_obj.keys(), timeout)
869        finally:
870            # request that overlapped reads stop
871            for ov in ov_list:
872                ov.cancel()
873
874            # wait for all overlapped reads to stop
875            for ov in ov_list:
876                try:
877                    _, err = ov.GetOverlappedResult(True)
878                except OSError as e:
879                    err = e.winerror
880                    if err not in _ready_errors:
881                        raise
882                if err != _winapi.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
883                    o = waithandle_to_obj[ov.event]
884                    ready_objects.add(o)
885                    if err == 0:
886                        # If o.fileno() is an overlapped pipe handle then
887                        # a zero length message HAS been consumed.
888                        if hasattr(o, '_got_empty_message'):
889                            o._got_empty_message = True
890
891        ready_objects.update(waithandle_to_obj[h] for h in ready_handles)
892        return [o for o in object_list if o in ready_objects]
893
894else:
895
896    import selectors
897
898    # poll/select have the advantage of not requiring any extra file
899    # descriptor, contrarily to epoll/kqueue (also, they require a single
900    # syscall).
901    if hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'):
902        _WaitSelector = selectors.PollSelector
903    else:
904        _WaitSelector = selectors.SelectSelector
905
906    def wait(object_list, timeout=None):
907        '''
908        Wait till an object in object_list is ready/readable.
909
910        Returns list of those objects in object_list which are ready/readable.
911        '''
912        with _WaitSelector() as selector:
913            for obj in object_list:
914                selector.register(obj, selectors.EVENT_READ)
915
916            if timeout is not None:
917                deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
918
919            while True:
920                ready = selector.select(timeout)
921                if ready:
922                    return [key.fileobj for (key, events) in ready]
923                else:
924                    if timeout is not None:
925                        timeout = deadline - time.monotonic()
926                        if timeout < 0:
927                            return ready
928
929#
930# Make connection and socket objects sharable if possible
931#
932
933if sys.platform == 'win32':
934    def reduce_connection(conn):
935        handle = conn.fileno()
936        with socket.fromfd(handle, socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
937            from . import resource_sharer
938            ds = resource_sharer.DupSocket(s)
939            return rebuild_connection, (ds, conn.readable, conn.writable)
940    def rebuild_connection(ds, readable, writable):
941        sock = ds.detach()
942        return Connection(sock.detach(), readable, writable)
943    reduction.register(Connection, reduce_connection)
944
945    def reduce_pipe_connection(conn):
946        access = ((_winapi.FILE_GENERIC_READ if conn.readable else 0) |
947                  (_winapi.FILE_GENERIC_WRITE if conn.writable else 0))
948        dh = reduction.DupHandle(conn.fileno(), access)
949        return rebuild_pipe_connection, (dh, conn.readable, conn.writable)
950    def rebuild_pipe_connection(dh, readable, writable):
951        handle = dh.detach()
952        return PipeConnection(handle, readable, writable)
953    reduction.register(PipeConnection, reduce_pipe_connection)
954
955else:
956    def reduce_connection(conn):
957        df = reduction.DupFd(conn.fileno())
958        return rebuild_connection, (df, conn.readable, conn.writable)
959    def rebuild_connection(df, readable, writable):
960        fd = df.detach()
961        return Connection(fd, readable, writable)
962    reduction.register(Connection, reduce_connection)
963