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1# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2"""
3    jinja2.filters
4    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5
6    Bundled jinja filters.
7
8    :copyright: (c) 2017 by the Jinja Team.
9    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
10"""
11import re
12import math
13import random
14import warnings
15
16from itertools import groupby, chain
17from collections import namedtuple
18from jinja2.utils import Markup, escape, pformat, urlize, soft_unicode, \
19     unicode_urlencode, htmlsafe_json_dumps
20from jinja2.runtime import Undefined
21from jinja2.exceptions import FilterArgumentError
22from jinja2._compat import imap, string_types, text_type, iteritems, PY2
23
24
25_word_re = re.compile(r'\w+', re.UNICODE)
26_word_beginning_split_re = re.compile(r'([-\s\(\{\[\<]+)', re.UNICODE)
27
28
29def contextfilter(f):
30    """Decorator for marking context dependent filters. The current
31    :class:`Context` will be passed as first argument.
32    """
33    f.contextfilter = True
34    return f
35
36
37def evalcontextfilter(f):
38    """Decorator for marking eval-context dependent filters.  An eval
39    context object is passed as first argument.  For more information
40    about the eval context, see :ref:`eval-context`.
41
42    .. versionadded:: 2.4
43    """
44    f.evalcontextfilter = True
45    return f
46
47
48def environmentfilter(f):
49    """Decorator for marking environment dependent filters.  The current
50    :class:`Environment` is passed to the filter as first argument.
51    """
52    f.environmentfilter = True
53    return f
54
55
56def ignore_case(value):
57    """For use as a postprocessor for :func:`make_attrgetter`. Converts strings
58    to lowercase and returns other types as-is."""
59    return value.lower() if isinstance(value, string_types) else value
60
61
62def make_attrgetter(environment, attribute, postprocess=None):
63    """Returns a callable that looks up the given attribute from a
64    passed object with the rules of the environment.  Dots are allowed
65    to access attributes of attributes.  Integer parts in paths are
66    looked up as integers.
67    """
68    if attribute is None:
69        attribute = []
70    elif isinstance(attribute, string_types):
71        attribute = [int(x) if x.isdigit() else x for x in attribute.split('.')]
72    else:
73        attribute = [attribute]
74
75    def attrgetter(item):
76        for part in attribute:
77            item = environment.getitem(item, part)
78
79        if postprocess is not None:
80            item = postprocess(item)
81
82        return item
83
84    return attrgetter
85
86
87def do_forceescape(value):
88    """Enforce HTML escaping.  This will probably double escape variables."""
89    if hasattr(value, '__html__'):
90        value = value.__html__()
91    return escape(text_type(value))
92
93
94def do_urlencode(value):
95    """Escape strings for use in URLs (uses UTF-8 encoding).  It accepts both
96    dictionaries and regular strings as well as pairwise iterables.
97
98    .. versionadded:: 2.7
99    """
100    itemiter = None
101    if isinstance(value, dict):
102        itemiter = iteritems(value)
103    elif not isinstance(value, string_types):
104        try:
105            itemiter = iter(value)
106        except TypeError:
107            pass
108    if itemiter is None:
109        return unicode_urlencode(value)
110    return u'&'.join(unicode_urlencode(k) + '=' +
111                     unicode_urlencode(v, for_qs=True)
112                     for k, v in itemiter)
113
114
115@evalcontextfilter
116def do_replace(eval_ctx, s, old, new, count=None):
117    """Return a copy of the value with all occurrences of a substring
118    replaced with a new one. The first argument is the substring
119    that should be replaced, the second is the replacement string.
120    If the optional third argument ``count`` is given, only the first
121    ``count`` occurrences are replaced:
122
123    .. sourcecode:: jinja
124
125        {{ "Hello World"|replace("Hello", "Goodbye") }}
126            -> Goodbye World
127
128        {{ "aaaaargh"|replace("a", "d'oh, ", 2) }}
129            -> d'oh, d'oh, aaargh
130    """
131    if count is None:
132        count = -1
133    if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
134        return text_type(s).replace(text_type(old), text_type(new), count)
135    if hasattr(old, '__html__') or hasattr(new, '__html__') and \
136       not hasattr(s, '__html__'):
137        s = escape(s)
138    else:
139        s = soft_unicode(s)
140    return s.replace(soft_unicode(old), soft_unicode(new), count)
141
142
143def do_upper(s):
144    """Convert a value to uppercase."""
145    return soft_unicode(s).upper()
146
147
148def do_lower(s):
149    """Convert a value to lowercase."""
150    return soft_unicode(s).lower()
151
152
153@evalcontextfilter
154def do_xmlattr(_eval_ctx, d, autospace=True):
155    """Create an SGML/XML attribute string based on the items in a dict.
156    All values that are neither `none` nor `undefined` are automatically
157    escaped:
158
159    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
160
161        <ul{{ {'class': 'my_list', 'missing': none,
162                'id': 'list-%d'|format(variable)}|xmlattr }}>
163        ...
164        </ul>
165
166    Results in something like this:
167
168    .. sourcecode:: html
169
170        <ul class="my_list" id="list-42">
171        ...
172        </ul>
173
174    As you can see it automatically prepends a space in front of the item
175    if the filter returned something unless the second parameter is false.
176    """
177    rv = u' '.join(
178        u'%s="%s"' % (escape(key), escape(value))
179        for key, value in iteritems(d)
180        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Undefined)
181    )
182    if autospace and rv:
183        rv = u' ' + rv
184    if _eval_ctx.autoescape:
185        rv = Markup(rv)
186    return rv
187
188
189def do_capitalize(s):
190    """Capitalize a value. The first character will be uppercase, all others
191    lowercase.
192    """
193    return soft_unicode(s).capitalize()
194
195
196def do_title(s):
197    """Return a titlecased version of the value. I.e. words will start with
198    uppercase letters, all remaining characters are lowercase.
199    """
200    return ''.join(
201        [item[0].upper() + item[1:].lower()
202         for item in _word_beginning_split_re.split(soft_unicode(s))
203         if item])
204
205
206def do_dictsort(value, case_sensitive=False, by='key', reverse=False):
207    """Sort a dict and yield (key, value) pairs. Because python dicts are
208    unsorted you may want to use this function to order them by either
209    key or value:
210
211    .. sourcecode:: jinja
212
213        {% for item in mydict|dictsort %}
214            sort the dict by key, case insensitive
215
216        {% for item in mydict|dictsort(reverse=true) %}
217            sort the dict by key, case insensitive, reverse order
218
219        {% for item in mydict|dictsort(true) %}
220            sort the dict by key, case sensitive
221
222        {% for item in mydict|dictsort(false, 'value') %}
223            sort the dict by value, case insensitive
224    """
225    if by == 'key':
226        pos = 0
227    elif by == 'value':
228        pos = 1
229    else:
230        raise FilterArgumentError(
231            'You can only sort by either "key" or "value"'
232        )
233
234    def sort_func(item):
235        value = item[pos]
236
237        if not case_sensitive:
238            value = ignore_case(value)
239
240        return value
241
242    return sorted(value.items(), key=sort_func, reverse=reverse)
243
244
245@environmentfilter
246def do_sort(
247    environment, value, reverse=False, case_sensitive=False, attribute=None
248):
249    """Sort an iterable.  Per default it sorts ascending, if you pass it
250    true as first argument it will reverse the sorting.
251
252    If the iterable is made of strings the third parameter can be used to
253    control the case sensitiveness of the comparison which is disabled by
254    default.
255
256    .. sourcecode:: jinja
257
258        {% for item in iterable|sort %}
259            ...
260        {% endfor %}
261
262    It is also possible to sort by an attribute (for example to sort
263    by the date of an object) by specifying the `attribute` parameter:
264
265    .. sourcecode:: jinja
266
267        {% for item in iterable|sort(attribute='date') %}
268            ...
269        {% endfor %}
270
271    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
272       The `attribute` parameter was added.
273    """
274    key_func = make_attrgetter(
275        environment, attribute,
276        postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
277    )
278    return sorted(value, key=key_func, reverse=reverse)
279
280
281@environmentfilter
282def do_unique(environment, value, case_sensitive=False, attribute=None):
283    """Returns a list of unique items from the the given iterable.
284
285    .. sourcecode:: jinja
286
287        {{ ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar', 'FooBar']|unique }}
288            -> ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar']
289
290    The unique items are yielded in the same order as their first occurrence in
291    the iterable passed to the filter.
292
293    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
294    :param attribute: Filter objects with unique values for this attribute.
295    """
296    getter = make_attrgetter(
297        environment, attribute,
298        postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
299    )
300    seen = set()
301
302    for item in value:
303        key = getter(item)
304
305        if key not in seen:
306            seen.add(key)
307            yield item
308
309
310def _min_or_max(environment, value, func, case_sensitive, attribute):
311    it = iter(value)
312
313    try:
314        first = next(it)
315    except StopIteration:
316        return environment.undefined('No aggregated item, sequence was empty.')
317
318    key_func = make_attrgetter(
319        environment, attribute,
320        ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
321    )
322    return func(chain([first], it), key=key_func)
323
324
325@environmentfilter
326def do_min(environment, value, case_sensitive=False, attribute=None):
327    """Return the smallest item from the sequence.
328
329    .. sourcecode:: jinja
330
331        {{ [1, 2, 3]|min }}
332            -> 1
333
334    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
335    :param attribute: Get the object with the max value of this attribute.
336    """
337    return _min_or_max(environment, value, min, case_sensitive, attribute)
338
339
340@environmentfilter
341def do_max(environment, value, case_sensitive=False, attribute=None):
342    """Return the largest item from the sequence.
343
344    .. sourcecode:: jinja
345
346        {{ [1, 2, 3]|max }}
347            -> 3
348
349    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
350    :param attribute: Get the object with the max value of this attribute.
351    """
352    return _min_or_max(environment, value, max, case_sensitive, attribute)
353
354
355def do_default(value, default_value=u'', boolean=False):
356    """If the value is undefined it will return the passed default value,
357    otherwise the value of the variable:
358
359    .. sourcecode:: jinja
360
361        {{ my_variable|default('my_variable is not defined') }}
362
363    This will output the value of ``my_variable`` if the variable was
364    defined, otherwise ``'my_variable is not defined'``. If you want
365    to use default with variables that evaluate to false you have to
366    set the second parameter to `true`:
367
368    .. sourcecode:: jinja
369
370        {{ ''|default('the string was empty', true) }}
371    """
372    if isinstance(value, Undefined) or (boolean and not value):
373        return default_value
374    return value
375
376
377@evalcontextfilter
378def do_join(eval_ctx, value, d=u'', attribute=None):
379    """Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
380    sequence. The separator between elements is an empty string per
381    default, you can define it with the optional parameter:
382
383    .. sourcecode:: jinja
384
385        {{ [1, 2, 3]|join('|') }}
386            -> 1|2|3
387
388        {{ [1, 2, 3]|join }}
389            -> 123
390
391    It is also possible to join certain attributes of an object:
392
393    .. sourcecode:: jinja
394
395        {{ users|join(', ', attribute='username') }}
396
397    .. versionadded:: 2.6
398       The `attribute` parameter was added.
399    """
400    if attribute is not None:
401        value = imap(make_attrgetter(eval_ctx.environment, attribute), value)
402
403    # no automatic escaping?  joining is a lot eaiser then
404    if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
405        return text_type(d).join(imap(text_type, value))
406
407    # if the delimiter doesn't have an html representation we check
408    # if any of the items has.  If yes we do a coercion to Markup
409    if not hasattr(d, '__html__'):
410        value = list(value)
411        do_escape = False
412        for idx, item in enumerate(value):
413            if hasattr(item, '__html__'):
414                do_escape = True
415            else:
416                value[idx] = text_type(item)
417        if do_escape:
418            d = escape(d)
419        else:
420            d = text_type(d)
421        return d.join(value)
422
423    # no html involved, to normal joining
424    return soft_unicode(d).join(imap(soft_unicode, value))
425
426
427def do_center(value, width=80):
428    """Centers the value in a field of a given width."""
429    return text_type(value).center(width)
430
431
432@environmentfilter
433def do_first(environment, seq):
434    """Return the first item of a sequence."""
435    try:
436        return next(iter(seq))
437    except StopIteration:
438        return environment.undefined('No first item, sequence was empty.')
439
440
441@environmentfilter
442def do_last(environment, seq):
443    """Return the last item of a sequence."""
444    try:
445        return next(iter(reversed(seq)))
446    except StopIteration:
447        return environment.undefined('No last item, sequence was empty.')
448
449
450@contextfilter
451def do_random(context, seq):
452    """Return a random item from the sequence."""
453    try:
454        return random.choice(seq)
455    except IndexError:
456        return context.environment.undefined('No random item, sequence was empty.')
457
458
459def do_filesizeformat(value, binary=False):
460    """Format the value like a 'human-readable' file size (i.e. 13 kB,
461    4.1 MB, 102 Bytes, etc).  Per default decimal prefixes are used (Mega,
462    Giga, etc.), if the second parameter is set to `True` the binary
463    prefixes are used (Mebi, Gibi).
464    """
465    bytes = float(value)
466    base = binary and 1024 or 1000
467    prefixes = [
468        (binary and 'KiB' or 'kB'),
469        (binary and 'MiB' or 'MB'),
470        (binary and 'GiB' or 'GB'),
471        (binary and 'TiB' or 'TB'),
472        (binary and 'PiB' or 'PB'),
473        (binary and 'EiB' or 'EB'),
474        (binary and 'ZiB' or 'ZB'),
475        (binary and 'YiB' or 'YB')
476    ]
477    if bytes == 1:
478        return '1 Byte'
479    elif bytes < base:
480        return '%d Bytes' % bytes
481    else:
482        for i, prefix in enumerate(prefixes):
483            unit = base ** (i + 2)
484            if bytes < unit:
485                return '%.1f %s' % ((base * bytes / unit), prefix)
486        return '%.1f %s' % ((base * bytes / unit), prefix)
487
488
489def do_pprint(value, verbose=False):
490    """Pretty print a variable. Useful for debugging.
491
492    With Jinja 1.2 onwards you can pass it a parameter.  If this parameter
493    is truthy the output will be more verbose (this requires `pretty`)
494    """
495    return pformat(value, verbose=verbose)
496
497
498@evalcontextfilter
499def do_urlize(eval_ctx, value, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=False,
500              target=None, rel=None):
501    """Converts URLs in plain text into clickable links.
502
503    If you pass the filter an additional integer it will shorten the urls
504    to that number. Also a third argument exists that makes the urls
505    "nofollow":
506
507    .. sourcecode:: jinja
508
509        {{ mytext|urlize(40, true) }}
510            links are shortened to 40 chars and defined with rel="nofollow"
511
512    If *target* is specified, the ``target`` attribute will be added to the
513    ``<a>`` tag:
514
515    .. sourcecode:: jinja
516
517       {{ mytext|urlize(40, target='_blank') }}
518
519    .. versionchanged:: 2.8+
520       The *target* parameter was added.
521    """
522    policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
523    rel = set((rel or '').split() or [])
524    if nofollow:
525        rel.add('nofollow')
526    rel.update((policies['urlize.rel'] or '').split())
527    if target is None:
528        target = policies['urlize.target']
529    rel = ' '.join(sorted(rel)) or None
530    rv = urlize(value, trim_url_limit, rel=rel, target=target)
531    if eval_ctx.autoescape:
532        rv = Markup(rv)
533    return rv
534
535
536def do_indent(
537    s, width=4, first=False, blank=False, indentfirst=None
538):
539    """Return a copy of the string with each line indented by 4 spaces. The
540    first line and blank lines are not indented by default.
541
542    :param width: Number of spaces to indent by.
543    :param first: Don't skip indenting the first line.
544    :param blank: Don't skip indenting empty lines.
545
546    .. versionchanged:: 2.10
547        Blank lines are not indented by default.
548
549        Rename the ``indentfirst`` argument to ``first``.
550    """
551    if indentfirst is not None:
552        warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning(
553            'The "indentfirst" argument is renamed to "first".'
554        ), stacklevel=2)
555        first = indentfirst
556
557    s += u'\n'  # this quirk is necessary for splitlines method
558    indention = u' ' * width
559
560    if blank:
561        rv = (u'\n' + indention).join(s.splitlines())
562    else:
563        lines = s.splitlines()
564        rv = lines.pop(0)
565
566        if lines:
567            rv += u'\n' + u'\n'.join(
568                indention + line if line else line for line in lines
569            )
570
571    if first:
572        rv = indention + rv
573
574    return rv
575
576
577@environmentfilter
578def do_truncate(env, s, length=255, killwords=False, end='...', leeway=None):
579    """Return a truncated copy of the string. The length is specified
580    with the first parameter which defaults to ``255``. If the second
581    parameter is ``true`` the filter will cut the text at length. Otherwise
582    it will discard the last word. If the text was in fact
583    truncated it will append an ellipsis sign (``"..."``). If you want a
584    different ellipsis sign than ``"..."`` you can specify it using the
585    third parameter. Strings that only exceed the length by the tolerance
586    margin given in the fourth parameter will not be truncated.
587
588    .. sourcecode:: jinja
589
590        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9) }}
591            -> "foo..."
592        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9, True) }}
593            -> "foo ba..."
594        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11) }}
595            -> "foo bar baz qux"
596        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11, False, '...', 0) }}
597            -> "foo bar..."
598
599    The default leeway on newer Jinja2 versions is 5 and was 0 before but
600    can be reconfigured globally.
601    """
602    if leeway is None:
603        leeway = env.policies['truncate.leeway']
604    assert length >= len(end), 'expected length >= %s, got %s' % (len(end), length)
605    assert leeway >= 0, 'expected leeway >= 0, got %s' % leeway
606    if len(s) <= length + leeway:
607        return s
608    if killwords:
609        return s[:length - len(end)] + end
610    result = s[:length - len(end)].rsplit(' ', 1)[0]
611    return result + end
612
613
614@environmentfilter
615def do_wordwrap(environment, s, width=79, break_long_words=True,
616                wrapstring=None):
617    """
618    Return a copy of the string passed to the filter wrapped after
619    ``79`` characters.  You can override this default using the first
620    parameter.  If you set the second parameter to `false` Jinja will not
621    split words apart if they are longer than `width`. By default, the newlines
622    will be the default newlines for the environment, but this can be changed
623    using the wrapstring keyword argument.
624
625    .. versionadded:: 2.7
626       Added support for the `wrapstring` parameter.
627    """
628    if not wrapstring:
629        wrapstring = environment.newline_sequence
630    import textwrap
631    return wrapstring.join(textwrap.wrap(s, width=width, expand_tabs=False,
632                                   replace_whitespace=False,
633                                   break_long_words=break_long_words))
634
635
636def do_wordcount(s):
637    """Count the words in that string."""
638    return len(_word_re.findall(s))
639
640
641def do_int(value, default=0, base=10):
642    """Convert the value into an integer. If the
643    conversion doesn't work it will return ``0``. You can
644    override this default using the first parameter. You
645    can also override the default base (10) in the second
646    parameter, which handles input with prefixes such as
647    0b, 0o and 0x for bases 2, 8 and 16 respectively.
648    The base is ignored for decimal numbers and non-string values.
649    """
650    try:
651        if isinstance(value, string_types):
652            return int(value, base)
653        return int(value)
654    except (TypeError, ValueError):
655        # this quirk is necessary so that "42.23"|int gives 42.
656        try:
657            return int(float(value))
658        except (TypeError, ValueError):
659            return default
660
661
662def do_float(value, default=0.0):
663    """Convert the value into a floating point number. If the
664    conversion doesn't work it will return ``0.0``. You can
665    override this default using the first parameter.
666    """
667    try:
668        return float(value)
669    except (TypeError, ValueError):
670        return default
671
672
673def do_format(value, *args, **kwargs):
674    """
675    Apply python string formatting on an object:
676
677    .. sourcecode:: jinja
678
679        {{ "%s - %s"|format("Hello?", "Foo!") }}
680            -> Hello? - Foo!
681    """
682    if args and kwargs:
683        raise FilterArgumentError('can\'t handle positional and keyword '
684                                  'arguments at the same time')
685    return soft_unicode(value) % (kwargs or args)
686
687
688def do_trim(value):
689    """Strip leading and trailing whitespace."""
690    return soft_unicode(value).strip()
691
692
693def do_striptags(value):
694    """Strip SGML/XML tags and replace adjacent whitespace by one space.
695    """
696    if hasattr(value, '__html__'):
697        value = value.__html__()
698    return Markup(text_type(value)).striptags()
699
700
701def do_slice(value, slices, fill_with=None):
702    """Slice an iterator and return a list of lists containing
703    those items. Useful if you want to create a div containing
704    three ul tags that represent columns:
705
706    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
707
708        <div class="columwrapper">
709          {%- for column in items|slice(3) %}
710            <ul class="column-{{ loop.index }}">
711            {%- for item in column %}
712              <li>{{ item }}</li>
713            {%- endfor %}
714            </ul>
715          {%- endfor %}
716        </div>
717
718    If you pass it a second argument it's used to fill missing
719    values on the last iteration.
720    """
721    seq = list(value)
722    length = len(seq)
723    items_per_slice = length // slices
724    slices_with_extra = length % slices
725    offset = 0
726    for slice_number in range(slices):
727        start = offset + slice_number * items_per_slice
728        if slice_number < slices_with_extra:
729            offset += 1
730        end = offset + (slice_number + 1) * items_per_slice
731        tmp = seq[start:end]
732        if fill_with is not None and slice_number >= slices_with_extra:
733            tmp.append(fill_with)
734        yield tmp
735
736
737def do_batch(value, linecount, fill_with=None):
738    """
739    A filter that batches items. It works pretty much like `slice`
740    just the other way round. It returns a list of lists with the
741    given number of items. If you provide a second parameter this
742    is used to fill up missing items. See this example:
743
744    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
745
746        <table>
747        {%- for row in items|batch(3, '&nbsp;') %}
748          <tr>
749          {%- for column in row %}
750            <td>{{ column }}</td>
751          {%- endfor %}
752          </tr>
753        {%- endfor %}
754        </table>
755    """
756    tmp = []
757    for item in value:
758        if len(tmp) == linecount:
759            yield tmp
760            tmp = []
761        tmp.append(item)
762    if tmp:
763        if fill_with is not None and len(tmp) < linecount:
764            tmp += [fill_with] * (linecount - len(tmp))
765        yield tmp
766
767
768def do_round(value, precision=0, method='common'):
769    """Round the number to a given precision. The first
770    parameter specifies the precision (default is ``0``), the
771    second the rounding method:
772
773    - ``'common'`` rounds either up or down
774    - ``'ceil'`` always rounds up
775    - ``'floor'`` always rounds down
776
777    If you don't specify a method ``'common'`` is used.
778
779    .. sourcecode:: jinja
780
781        {{ 42.55|round }}
782            -> 43.0
783        {{ 42.55|round(1, 'floor') }}
784            -> 42.5
785
786    Note that even if rounded to 0 precision, a float is returned.  If
787    you need a real integer, pipe it through `int`:
788
789    .. sourcecode:: jinja
790
791        {{ 42.55|round|int }}
792            -> 43
793    """
794    if not method in ('common', 'ceil', 'floor'):
795        raise FilterArgumentError('method must be common, ceil or floor')
796    if method == 'common':
797        return round(value, precision)
798    func = getattr(math, method)
799    return func(value * (10 ** precision)) / (10 ** precision)
800
801
802# Use a regular tuple repr here.  This is what we did in the past and we
803# really want to hide this custom type as much as possible.  In particular
804# we do not want to accidentally expose an auto generated repr in case
805# people start to print this out in comments or something similar for
806# debugging.
807_GroupTuple = namedtuple('_GroupTuple', ['grouper', 'list'])
808_GroupTuple.__repr__ = tuple.__repr__
809_GroupTuple.__str__ = tuple.__str__
810
811@environmentfilter
812def do_groupby(environment, value, attribute):
813    """Group a sequence of objects by a common attribute.
814
815    If you for example have a list of dicts or objects that represent persons
816    with `gender`, `first_name` and `last_name` attributes and you want to
817    group all users by genders you can do something like the following
818    snippet:
819
820    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
821
822        <ul>
823        {% for group in persons|groupby('gender') %}
824            <li>{{ group.grouper }}<ul>
825            {% for person in group.list %}
826                <li>{{ person.first_name }} {{ person.last_name }}</li>
827            {% endfor %}</ul></li>
828        {% endfor %}
829        </ul>
830
831    Additionally it's possible to use tuple unpacking for the grouper and
832    list:
833
834    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
835
836        <ul>
837        {% for grouper, list in persons|groupby('gender') %}
838            ...
839        {% endfor %}
840        </ul>
841
842    As you can see the item we're grouping by is stored in the `grouper`
843    attribute and the `list` contains all the objects that have this grouper
844    in common.
845
846    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
847       It's now possible to use dotted notation to group by the child
848       attribute of another attribute.
849    """
850    expr = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute)
851    return [_GroupTuple(key, list(values)) for key, values
852            in groupby(sorted(value, key=expr), expr)]
853
854
855@environmentfilter
856def do_sum(environment, iterable, attribute=None, start=0):
857    """Returns the sum of a sequence of numbers plus the value of parameter
858    'start' (which defaults to 0).  When the sequence is empty it returns
859    start.
860
861    It is also possible to sum up only certain attributes:
862
863    .. sourcecode:: jinja
864
865        Total: {{ items|sum(attribute='price') }}
866
867    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
868       The `attribute` parameter was added to allow suming up over
869       attributes.  Also the `start` parameter was moved on to the right.
870    """
871    if attribute is not None:
872        iterable = imap(make_attrgetter(environment, attribute), iterable)
873    return sum(iterable, start)
874
875
876def do_list(value):
877    """Convert the value into a list.  If it was a string the returned list
878    will be a list of characters.
879    """
880    return list(value)
881
882
883def do_mark_safe(value):
884    """Mark the value as safe which means that in an environment with automatic
885    escaping enabled this variable will not be escaped.
886    """
887    return Markup(value)
888
889
890def do_mark_unsafe(value):
891    """Mark a value as unsafe.  This is the reverse operation for :func:`safe`."""
892    return text_type(value)
893
894
895def do_reverse(value):
896    """Reverse the object or return an iterator that iterates over it the other
897    way round.
898    """
899    if isinstance(value, string_types):
900        return value[::-1]
901    try:
902        return reversed(value)
903    except TypeError:
904        try:
905            rv = list(value)
906            rv.reverse()
907            return rv
908        except TypeError:
909            raise FilterArgumentError('argument must be iterable')
910
911
912@environmentfilter
913def do_attr(environment, obj, name):
914    """Get an attribute of an object.  ``foo|attr("bar")`` works like
915    ``foo.bar`` just that always an attribute is returned and items are not
916    looked up.
917
918    See :ref:`Notes on subscriptions <notes-on-subscriptions>` for more details.
919    """
920    try:
921        name = str(name)
922    except UnicodeError:
923        pass
924    else:
925        try:
926            value = getattr(obj, name)
927        except AttributeError:
928            pass
929        else:
930            if environment.sandboxed and not \
931               environment.is_safe_attribute(obj, name, value):
932                return environment.unsafe_undefined(obj, name)
933            return value
934    return environment.undefined(obj=obj, name=name)
935
936
937@contextfilter
938def do_map(*args, **kwargs):
939    """Applies a filter on a sequence of objects or looks up an attribute.
940    This is useful when dealing with lists of objects but you are really
941    only interested in a certain value of it.
942
943    The basic usage is mapping on an attribute.  Imagine you have a list
944    of users but you are only interested in a list of usernames:
945
946    .. sourcecode:: jinja
947
948        Users on this page: {{ users|map(attribute='username')|join(', ') }}
949
950    Alternatively you can let it invoke a filter by passing the name of the
951    filter and the arguments afterwards.  A good example would be applying a
952    text conversion filter on a sequence:
953
954    .. sourcecode:: jinja
955
956        Users on this page: {{ titles|map('lower')|join(', ') }}
957
958    .. versionadded:: 2.7
959    """
960    seq, func = prepare_map(args, kwargs)
961    if seq:
962        for item in seq:
963            yield func(item)
964
965
966@contextfilter
967def do_select(*args, **kwargs):
968    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
969    and only selecting the objects with the test succeeding.
970
971    If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
972
973    Example usage:
974
975    .. sourcecode:: jinja
976
977        {{ numbers|select("odd") }}
978        {{ numbers|select("odd") }}
979        {{ numbers|select("divisibleby", 3) }}
980        {{ numbers|select("lessthan", 42) }}
981        {{ strings|select("equalto", "mystring") }}
982
983    .. versionadded:: 2.7
984    """
985    return select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
986
987
988@contextfilter
989def do_reject(*args, **kwargs):
990    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
991    and rejecting the objects with the test succeeding.
992
993    If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
994
995    Example usage:
996
997    .. sourcecode:: jinja
998
999        {{ numbers|reject("odd") }}
1000
1001    .. versionadded:: 2.7
1002    """
1003    return select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
1004
1005
1006@contextfilter
1007def do_selectattr(*args, **kwargs):
1008    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
1009    attribute of each object, and only selecting the objects with the
1010    test succeeding.
1011
1012    If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
1013    a boolean.
1014
1015    Example usage:
1016
1017    .. sourcecode:: jinja
1018
1019        {{ users|selectattr("is_active") }}
1020        {{ users|selectattr("email", "none") }}
1021
1022    .. versionadded:: 2.7
1023    """
1024    return select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
1025
1026
1027@contextfilter
1028def do_rejectattr(*args, **kwargs):
1029    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
1030    attribute of each object, and rejecting the objects with the test
1031    succeeding.
1032
1033    If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
1034    a boolean.
1035
1036    .. sourcecode:: jinja
1037
1038        {{ users|rejectattr("is_active") }}
1039        {{ users|rejectattr("email", "none") }}
1040
1041    .. versionadded:: 2.7
1042    """
1043    return select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
1044
1045
1046@evalcontextfilter
1047def do_tojson(eval_ctx, value, indent=None):
1048    """Dumps a structure to JSON so that it's safe to use in ``<script>``
1049    tags.  It accepts the same arguments and returns a JSON string.  Note that
1050    this is available in templates through the ``|tojson`` filter which will
1051    also mark the result as safe.  Due to how this function escapes certain
1052    characters this is safe even if used outside of ``<script>`` tags.
1053
1054    The following characters are escaped in strings:
1055
1056    -   ``<``
1057    -   ``>``
1058    -   ``&``
1059    -   ``'``
1060
1061    This makes it safe to embed such strings in any place in HTML with the
1062    notable exception of double quoted attributes.  In that case single
1063    quote your attributes or HTML escape it in addition.
1064
1065    The indent parameter can be used to enable pretty printing.  Set it to
1066    the number of spaces that the structures should be indented with.
1067
1068    Note that this filter is for use in HTML contexts only.
1069
1070    .. versionadded:: 2.9
1071    """
1072    policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
1073    dumper = policies['json.dumps_function']
1074    options = policies['json.dumps_kwargs']
1075    if indent is not None:
1076        options = dict(options)
1077        options['indent'] = indent
1078    return htmlsafe_json_dumps(value, dumper=dumper, **options)
1079
1080
1081def prepare_map(args, kwargs):
1082    context = args[0]
1083    seq = args[1]
1084
1085    if len(args) == 2 and 'attribute' in kwargs:
1086        attribute = kwargs.pop('attribute')
1087        if kwargs:
1088            raise FilterArgumentError('Unexpected keyword argument %r' %
1089                next(iter(kwargs)))
1090        func = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attribute)
1091    else:
1092        try:
1093            name = args[2]
1094            args = args[3:]
1095        except LookupError:
1096            raise FilterArgumentError('map requires a filter argument')
1097        func = lambda item: context.environment.call_filter(
1098            name, item, args, kwargs, context=context)
1099
1100    return seq, func
1101
1102
1103def prepare_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr):
1104    context = args[0]
1105    seq = args[1]
1106    if lookup_attr:
1107        try:
1108            attr = args[2]
1109        except LookupError:
1110            raise FilterArgumentError('Missing parameter for attribute name')
1111        transfunc = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attr)
1112        off = 1
1113    else:
1114        off = 0
1115        transfunc = lambda x: x
1116
1117    try:
1118        name = args[2 + off]
1119        args = args[3 + off:]
1120        func = lambda item: context.environment.call_test(
1121            name, item, args, kwargs)
1122    except LookupError:
1123        func = bool
1124
1125    return seq, lambda item: modfunc(func(transfunc(item)))
1126
1127
1128def select_or_reject(args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr):
1129    seq, func = prepare_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
1130    if seq:
1131        for item in seq:
1132            if func(item):
1133                yield item
1134
1135
1136FILTERS = {
1137    'abs':                  abs,
1138    'attr':                 do_attr,
1139    'batch':                do_batch,
1140    'capitalize':           do_capitalize,
1141    'center':               do_center,
1142    'count':                len,
1143    'd':                    do_default,
1144    'default':              do_default,
1145    'dictsort':             do_dictsort,
1146    'e':                    escape,
1147    'escape':               escape,
1148    'filesizeformat':       do_filesizeformat,
1149    'first':                do_first,
1150    'float':                do_float,
1151    'forceescape':          do_forceescape,
1152    'format':               do_format,
1153    'groupby':              do_groupby,
1154    'indent':               do_indent,
1155    'int':                  do_int,
1156    'join':                 do_join,
1157    'last':                 do_last,
1158    'length':               len,
1159    'list':                 do_list,
1160    'lower':                do_lower,
1161    'map':                  do_map,
1162    'min':                  do_min,
1163    'max':                  do_max,
1164    'pprint':               do_pprint,
1165    'random':               do_random,
1166    'reject':               do_reject,
1167    'rejectattr':           do_rejectattr,
1168    'replace':              do_replace,
1169    'reverse':              do_reverse,
1170    'round':                do_round,
1171    'safe':                 do_mark_safe,
1172    'select':               do_select,
1173    'selectattr':           do_selectattr,
1174    'slice':                do_slice,
1175    'sort':                 do_sort,
1176    'string':               soft_unicode,
1177    'striptags':            do_striptags,
1178    'sum':                  do_sum,
1179    'title':                do_title,
1180    'trim':                 do_trim,
1181    'truncate':             do_truncate,
1182    'unique':               do_unique,
1183    'upper':                do_upper,
1184    'urlencode':            do_urlencode,
1185    'urlize':               do_urlize,
1186    'wordcount':            do_wordcount,
1187    'wordwrap':             do_wordwrap,
1188    'xmlattr':              do_xmlattr,
1189    'tojson':               do_tojson,
1190}
1191