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1 // © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
2 // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
3 /*
4 *******************************************************************************
5 * Copyright (C) 2010-2015, International Business Machines
6 * Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
7 *******************************************************************************
8 * Collation.java, ported from collation.h/.cpp
9 *
10 * C++ version created on: 2010oct27
11 * created by: Markus W. Scherer
12 */
13 
14 package com.ibm.icu.impl.coll;
15 
16 /**
17  * Collation v2 basic definitions and static helper functions.
18  *
19  * Data structures except for expansion tables store 32-bit CEs which are
20  * either specials (see tags below) or are compact forms of 64-bit CEs.
21  */
22 public final class Collation {
23     /** UChar32 U_SENTINEL.
24      * TODO: Create a common, public constant?
25      */
26     public static final int SENTINEL_CP = -1;
27 
28     // ICU4C compare() API returns enum UCollationResult values (with UCOL_ prefix).
29     // ICU4J just returns int. We use these constants for ease of porting.
30     public static final int LESS = -1;
31     public static final int EQUAL = 0;
32     public static final int GREATER = 1;
33 
34     // Special sort key bytes for all levels.
35     public static final int TERMINATOR_BYTE = 0;
36     public static final int LEVEL_SEPARATOR_BYTE = 1;
37 
38     /** The secondary/tertiary lower limit for tailoring before any root elements. */
39     static final int BEFORE_WEIGHT16 = 0x100;
40 
41     /**
42      * Merge-sort-key separator.
43      * Same as the unique primary and identical-level weights of U+FFFE.
44      * Must not be used as primary compression low terminator.
45      * Otherwise usable.
46      */
47     public static final int MERGE_SEPARATOR_BYTE = 2;
48     public static final long MERGE_SEPARATOR_PRIMARY = 0x02000000;  // U+FFFE
49     static final int MERGE_SEPARATOR_CE32 = 0x02000505;  // U+FFFE
50 
51     /**
52      * Primary compression low terminator, must be greater than MERGE_SEPARATOR_BYTE.
53      * Reserved value in primary second byte if the lead byte is compressible.
54      * Otherwise usable in all CE weight bytes.
55      */
56     public static final int PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_LOW_BYTE = 3;
57     /**
58      * Primary compression high terminator.
59      * Reserved value in primary second byte if the lead byte is compressible.
60      * Otherwise usable in all CE weight bytes.
61      */
62     public static final int PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_HIGH_BYTE = 0xff;
63 
64     /** Default secondary/tertiary weight lead byte. */
65     static final int COMMON_BYTE = 5;
66     public static final int COMMON_WEIGHT16 = 0x0500;
67     /** Middle 16 bits of a CE with a common secondary weight. */
68     static final int COMMON_SECONDARY_CE = 0x05000000;
69     /** Lower 16 bits of a CE with a common tertiary weight. */
70     static final int COMMON_TERTIARY_CE = 0x0500;
71     /** Lower 32 bits of a CE with common secondary and tertiary weights. */
72     public static final int COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE = 0x05000500;
73 
74     static final int SECONDARY_MASK = 0xffff0000;
75     public static final int CASE_MASK = 0xc000;
76     static final int SECONDARY_AND_CASE_MASK = SECONDARY_MASK | CASE_MASK;
77     /** Only the 2*6 bits for the pure tertiary weight. */
78     public static final int ONLY_TERTIARY_MASK = 0x3f3f;
79     /** Only the secondary & tertiary bits; no case, no quaternary. */
80     static final int ONLY_SEC_TER_MASK = SECONDARY_MASK | ONLY_TERTIARY_MASK;
81     /** Case bits and tertiary bits. */
82     static final int CASE_AND_TERTIARY_MASK = CASE_MASK | ONLY_TERTIARY_MASK;
83     public static final int QUATERNARY_MASK = 0xc0;
84     /** Case bits and quaternary bits. */
85     public static final int CASE_AND_QUATERNARY_MASK = CASE_MASK | QUATERNARY_MASK;
86 
87     static final int UNASSIGNED_IMPLICIT_BYTE = 0xfe;  // compressible
88     /**
89      * First unassigned: AlphabeticIndex overflow boundary.
90      * We want a 3-byte primary so that it fits into the root elements table.
91      *
92      * This 3-byte primary will not collide with
93      * any unassigned-implicit 4-byte primaries because
94      * the first few hundred Unicode code points all have real mappings.
95      */
96     static final long FIRST_UNASSIGNED_PRIMARY = 0xfe040200L;
97 
98     static final int TRAIL_WEIGHT_BYTE = 0xff;  // not compressible
99     static final long FIRST_TRAILING_PRIMARY = 0xff020200L;  // [first trailing]
100     public static final long MAX_PRIMARY = 0xffff0000L;  // U+FFFF
101     static final int MAX_REGULAR_CE32 = 0xffff0505;  // U+FFFF
102 
103     // CE32 value for U+FFFD as well as illegal UTF-8 byte sequences (which behave like U+FFFD).
104     // We use the third-highest primary weight for U+FFFD (as in UCA 6.3+).
105     public static final long FFFD_PRIMARY = MAX_PRIMARY - 0x20000;
106     static final int FFFD_CE32 = MAX_REGULAR_CE32 - 0x20000;
107 
108     /**
109      * A CE32 is special if its low byte is this or greater.
110      * Impossible case bits 11 mark special CE32s.
111      * This value itself is used to indicate a fallback to the base collator.
112      */
113     static final int SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE = 0xc0;
114     static final int FALLBACK_CE32 = SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE;
115     /**
116      * Low byte of a long-primary special CE32.
117      */
118     static final int LONG_PRIMARY_CE32_LOW_BYTE = 0xc1;  // SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE | LONG_PRIMARY_TAG
119 
120     static final int UNASSIGNED_CE32 = 0xffffffff;  // Compute an unassigned-implicit CE.
121 
122     static final int NO_CE32 = 1;
123 
124     /** No CE: End of input. Only used in runtime code, not stored in data. */
125     static final long NO_CE_PRIMARY = 1;  // not a left-adjusted weight
126     static final int NO_CE_WEIGHT16 = 0x0100;  // weight of LEVEL_SEPARATOR_BYTE
127     public static final long NO_CE = 0x101000100L;  // NO_CE_PRIMARY, NO_CE_WEIGHT16, NO_CE_WEIGHT16
128 
129     /** Sort key levels. */
130 
131     /** Unspecified level. */
132     public static final int NO_LEVEL = 0;
133     public static final int PRIMARY_LEVEL = 1;
134     public static final int SECONDARY_LEVEL = 2;
135     public static final int CASE_LEVEL = 3;
136     public static final int TERTIARY_LEVEL = 4;
137     public static final int QUATERNARY_LEVEL = 5;
138     public static final int IDENTICAL_LEVEL = 6;
139     /** Beyond sort key bytes. */
140     public static final int ZERO_LEVEL = 7;
141 
142     /**
143      * Sort key level flags: xx_FLAG = 1 << xx_LEVEL.
144      * In Java, use enum Level with flag() getters, or use EnumSet rather than hand-made bit sets.
145      */
146     static final int NO_LEVEL_FLAG = 1;
147     static final int PRIMARY_LEVEL_FLAG = 2;
148     static final int SECONDARY_LEVEL_FLAG = 4;
149     static final int CASE_LEVEL_FLAG = 8;
150     static final int TERTIARY_LEVEL_FLAG = 0x10;
151     static final int QUATERNARY_LEVEL_FLAG = 0x20;
152     static final int IDENTICAL_LEVEL_FLAG = 0x40;
153     static final int ZERO_LEVEL_FLAG = 0x80;
154 
155     /**
156      * Special-CE32 tags, from bits 3..0 of a special 32-bit CE.
157      * Bits 31..8 are available for tag-specific data.
158      * Bits  5..4: Reserved. May be used in the future to indicate lccc!=0 and tccc!=0.
159      */
160 
161     /**
162      * Fall back to the base collator.
163      * This is the tag value in SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE and FALLBACK_CE32.
164      * Bits 31..8: Unused, 0.
165      */
166     static final int FALLBACK_TAG = 0;
167     /**
168      * Long-primary CE with COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE.
169      * Bits 31..8: Three-byte primary.
170      */
171     static final int LONG_PRIMARY_TAG = 1;
172     /**
173      * Long-secondary CE with zero primary.
174      * Bits 31..16: Secondary weight.
175      * Bits 15.. 8: Tertiary weight.
176      */
177     static final int LONG_SECONDARY_TAG = 2;
178     /**
179      * Unused.
180      * May be used in the future for single-byte secondary CEs (SHORT_SECONDARY_TAG),
181      * storing the secondary in bits 31..24, the ccc in bits 23..16,
182      * and the tertiary in bits 15..8.
183      */
184     static final int RESERVED_TAG_3 = 3;
185     /**
186      * Latin mini expansions of two simple CEs [pp, 05, tt] [00, ss, 05].
187      * Bits 31..24: Single-byte primary weight pp of the first CE.
188      * Bits 23..16: Tertiary weight tt of the first CE.
189      * Bits 15.. 8: Secondary weight ss of the second CE.
190      */
191     static final int LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG = 4;
192     /**
193      * Points to one or more simple/long-primary/long-secondary 32-bit CE32s.
194      * Bits 31..13: Index into int table.
195      * Bits 12.. 8: Length=1..31.
196      */
197     static final int EXPANSION32_TAG = 5;
198     /**
199      * Points to one or more 64-bit CEs.
200      * Bits 31..13: Index into CE table.
201      * Bits 12.. 8: Length=1..31.
202      */
203     static final int EXPANSION_TAG = 6;
204     /**
205      * Builder data, used only in the CollationDataBuilder, not in runtime data.
206      *
207      * If bit 8 is 0: Builder context, points to a list of context-sensitive mappings.
208      * Bits 31..13: Index to the builder's list of ConditionalCE32 for this character.
209      * Bits 12.. 9: Unused, 0.
210      *
211      * If bit 8 is 1 (IS_BUILDER_JAMO_CE32): Builder-only jamoCE32 value.
212      * The builder fetches the Jamo CE32 from the trie.
213      * Bits 31..13: Jamo code point.
214      * Bits 12.. 9: Unused, 0.
215      */
216     static final int BUILDER_DATA_TAG = 7;
217     /**
218      * Points to prefix trie.
219      * Bits 31..13: Index into prefix/contraction data.
220      * Bits 12.. 8: Unused, 0.
221      */
222     static final int PREFIX_TAG = 8;
223     /**
224      * Points to contraction data.
225      * Bits 31..13: Index into prefix/contraction data.
226      * Bits 12..11: Unused, 0.
227      * Bit      10: CONTRACT_TRAILING_CCC flag.
228      * Bit       9: CONTRACT_NEXT_CCC flag.
229      * Bit       8: CONTRACT_SINGLE_CP_NO_MATCH flag.
230      */
231     static final int CONTRACTION_TAG = 9;
232     /**
233      * Decimal digit.
234      * Bits 31..13: Index into int table for non-numeric-collation CE32.
235      * Bit      12: Unused, 0.
236      * Bits 11.. 8: Digit value 0..9.
237      */
238     static final int DIGIT_TAG = 10;
239     /**
240      * Tag for U+0000, for moving the NUL-termination handling
241      * from the regular fastpath into specials-handling code.
242      * Bits 31..8: Unused, 0.
243      */
244     static final int U0000_TAG = 11;
245     /**
246      * Tag for a Hangul syllable.
247      * Bits 31..9: Unused, 0.
248      * Bit      8: HANGUL_NO_SPECIAL_JAMO flag.
249      */
250     static final int HANGUL_TAG = 12;
251     /**
252      * Tag for a lead surrogate code unit.
253      * Optional optimization for UTF-16 string processing.
254      * Bits 31..10: Unused, 0.
255      *       9.. 8: =0: All associated supplementary code points are unassigned-implict.
256      *              =1: All associated supplementary code points fall back to the base data.
257      *              else: (Normally 2) Look up the data for the supplementary code point.
258      */
259     static final int LEAD_SURROGATE_TAG = 13;
260     /**
261      * Tag for CEs with primary weights in code point order.
262      * Bits 31..13: Index into CE table, for one data "CE".
263      * Bits 12.. 8: Unused, 0.
264      *
265      * This data "CE" has the following bit fields:
266      * Bits 63..32: Three-byte primary pppppp00.
267      *      31.. 8: Start/base code point of the in-order range.
268      *           7: Flag isCompressible primary.
269      *       6.. 0: Per-code point primary-weight increment.
270      */
271     static final int OFFSET_TAG = 14;
272     /**
273      * Implicit CE tag. Compute an unassigned-implicit CE.
274      * All bits are set (UNASSIGNED_CE32=0xffffffff).
275      */
276     static final int IMPLICIT_TAG = 15;
277 
isAssignedCE32(int ce32)278     static boolean isAssignedCE32(int ce32) {
279         return ce32 != FALLBACK_CE32 && ce32 != UNASSIGNED_CE32;
280     }
281 
282     /**
283      * We limit the number of CEs in an expansion
284      * so that we can use a small number of length bits in the data structure,
285      * and so that an implementation can copy CEs at runtime without growing a destination buffer.
286      */
287     static final int MAX_EXPANSION_LENGTH = 31;
288     static final int MAX_INDEX = 0x7ffff;
289 
290     /**
291      * Set if there is no match for the single (no-suffix) character itself.
292      * This is only possible if there is a prefix.
293      * In this case, discontiguous contraction matching cannot add combining marks
294      * starting from an empty suffix.
295      * The default CE32 is used anyway if there is no suffix match.
296      */
297     static final int CONTRACT_SINGLE_CP_NO_MATCH = 0x100;
298     /** Set if the first character of every contraction suffix has lccc!=0. */
299     static final int CONTRACT_NEXT_CCC = 0x200;
300     /** Set if any contraction suffix ends with lccc!=0. */
301     static final int CONTRACT_TRAILING_CCC = 0x400;
302 
303     /** For HANGUL_TAG: None of its Jamo CE32s isSpecialCE32(). */
304     static final int HANGUL_NO_SPECIAL_JAMO = 0x100;
305 
306     static final int LEAD_ALL_UNASSIGNED = 0;
307     static final int LEAD_ALL_FALLBACK = 0x100;
308     static final int LEAD_MIXED = 0x200;
309     static final int LEAD_TYPE_MASK = 0x300;
310 
makeLongPrimaryCE32(long p)311     static int makeLongPrimaryCE32(long p) { return (int)(p | LONG_PRIMARY_CE32_LOW_BYTE); }
312 
313     /** Turns the long-primary CE32 into a primary weight pppppp00. */
primaryFromLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32)314     static long primaryFromLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32) {
315         return (long)ce32 & 0xffffff00L;
316     }
ceFromLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32)317     static long ceFromLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32) {
318         return ((long)(ce32 & 0xffffff00) << 32) | COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE;
319     }
320 
makeLongSecondaryCE32(int lower32)321     static int makeLongSecondaryCE32(int lower32) {
322         return lower32 | SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE | LONG_SECONDARY_TAG;
323     }
ceFromLongSecondaryCE32(int ce32)324     static long ceFromLongSecondaryCE32(int ce32) {
325         return (long)ce32 & 0xffffff00L;
326     }
327 
328     /** Makes a special CE32 with tag, index and length. */
makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(int tag, int index, int length)329     static int makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(int tag, int index, int length) {
330         return (index << 13) | (length << 8) | SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE | tag;
331     }
332     /** Makes a special CE32 with only tag and index. */
makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(int tag, int index)333     static int makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(int tag, int index) {
334         return (index << 13) | SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE | tag;
335     }
336 
isSpecialCE32(int ce32)337     static boolean isSpecialCE32(int ce32) {
338         return (ce32 & 0xff) >= SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE;
339     }
340 
tagFromCE32(int ce32)341     static int tagFromCE32(int ce32) {
342         return ce32 & 0xf;
343     }
344 
hasCE32Tag(int ce32, int tag)345     static boolean hasCE32Tag(int ce32, int tag) {
346         return isSpecialCE32(ce32) && tagFromCE32(ce32) == tag;
347     }
348 
isLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32)349     static boolean isLongPrimaryCE32(int ce32) {
350         return hasCE32Tag(ce32, LONG_PRIMARY_TAG);
351     }
352 
isSimpleOrLongCE32(int ce32)353     static boolean isSimpleOrLongCE32(int ce32) {
354         return !isSpecialCE32(ce32) ||
355                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == LONG_PRIMARY_TAG ||
356                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == LONG_SECONDARY_TAG;
357     }
358 
359     /**
360      * @return true if the ce32 yields one or more CEs without further data lookups
361      */
isSelfContainedCE32(int ce32)362     static boolean isSelfContainedCE32(int ce32) {
363         return !isSpecialCE32(ce32) ||
364                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == LONG_PRIMARY_TAG ||
365                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == LONG_SECONDARY_TAG ||
366                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG;
367     }
368 
isPrefixCE32(int ce32)369     static boolean isPrefixCE32(int ce32) {
370         return hasCE32Tag(ce32, PREFIX_TAG);
371     }
372 
isContractionCE32(int ce32)373     static boolean isContractionCE32(int ce32) {
374         return hasCE32Tag(ce32, CONTRACTION_TAG);
375     }
376 
ce32HasContext(int ce32)377     static boolean ce32HasContext(int ce32) {
378         return isSpecialCE32(ce32) &&
379                 (tagFromCE32(ce32) == PREFIX_TAG ||
380                 tagFromCE32(ce32) == CONTRACTION_TAG);
381     }
382 
383     /**
384      * Get the first of the two Latin-expansion CEs encoded in ce32.
385      * @see LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG
386      */
latinCE0FromCE32(int ce32)387     static long latinCE0FromCE32(int ce32) {
388         return ((long)(ce32 & 0xff000000) << 32) | COMMON_SECONDARY_CE | ((ce32 & 0xff0000) >> 8);
389     }
390 
391     /**
392      * Get the second of the two Latin-expansion CEs encoded in ce32.
393      * @see LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG
394      */
latinCE1FromCE32(int ce32)395     static long latinCE1FromCE32(int ce32) {
396         return (((long)ce32 & 0xff00) << 16) | COMMON_TERTIARY_CE;
397     }
398 
399     /**
400      * Returns the data index from a special CE32.
401      */
indexFromCE32(int ce32)402     static int indexFromCE32(int ce32) {
403         return ce32 >>> 13;
404     }
405 
406     /**
407      * Returns the data length from a ce32.
408      */
lengthFromCE32(int ce32)409     static int lengthFromCE32(int ce32) {
410         return (ce32 >> 8) & 31;
411     }
412 
413     /**
414      * Returns the digit value from a DIGIT_TAG ce32.
415      */
digitFromCE32(int ce32)416     static char digitFromCE32(int ce32) {
417         return (char)((ce32 >> 8) & 0xf);
418     }
419 
420     /** Returns a 64-bit CE from a simple CE32 (not special). */
ceFromSimpleCE32(int ce32)421     static long ceFromSimpleCE32(int ce32) {
422         // normal form ppppsstt -> pppp0000ss00tt00
423         assert (ce32 & 0xff) < SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE;
424         return ((long)(ce32 & 0xffff0000) << 32) | ((long)(ce32 & 0xff00) << 16) | ((ce32 & 0xff) << 8);
425     }
426 
427     /** Returns a 64-bit CE from a simple/long-primary/long-secondary CE32. */
428     static long ceFromCE32(int ce32) {
429         int tertiary = ce32 & 0xff;
430         if(tertiary < SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE) {
431             // normal form ppppsstt -> pppp0000ss00tt00
432             return ((long)(ce32 & 0xffff0000) << 32) | ((long)(ce32 & 0xff00) << 16) | (tertiary << 8);
433         } else {
434             ce32 -= tertiary;
435             if((tertiary & 0xf) == LONG_PRIMARY_TAG) {
436                 // long-primary form ppppppC1 -> pppppp00050000500
437                 return ((long)ce32 << 32) | COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE;
438             } else {
439                 // long-secondary form ssssttC2 -> 00000000sssstt00
440                 assert (tertiary & 0xf) == LONG_SECONDARY_TAG;
441                 return ce32 & 0xffffffffL;
442             }
443         }
444     }
445 
446     /** Creates a CE from a primary weight. */
447     public static long makeCE(long p) {
448         return (p << 32) | COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE;
449     }
450     /**
451      * Creates a CE from a primary weight,
452      * 16-bit secondary/tertiary weights, and a 2-bit quaternary.
453      */
454     static long makeCE(long p, int s, int t, int q) {
455         return (p << 32) | ((long)s << 16) | t | (q << 6);
456     }
457 
458     /**
459      * Increments a 2-byte primary by a code point offset.
460      */
461     public static long incTwoBytePrimaryByOffset(long basePrimary, boolean isCompressible,
462                                               int offset) {
463         // Extract the second byte, minus the minimum byte value,
464         // plus the offset, modulo the number of usable byte values, plus the minimum.
465         // Reserve the PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_LOW_BYTE and high byte if necessary.
466         long primary;
467         if(isCompressible) {
468             offset += ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - 4;
469             primary = ((offset % 251) + 4) << 16;
470             offset /= 251;
471         } else {
472             offset += ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - 2;
473             primary = ((offset % 254) + 2) << 16;
474             offset /= 254;
475         }
476         // First byte, assume no further overflow.
477         return primary | ((basePrimary & 0xff000000L) + ((long)offset << 24));
478     }
479 
480     /**
481      * Increments a 3-byte primary by a code point offset.
482      */
483     public static long incThreeBytePrimaryByOffset(long basePrimary, boolean isCompressible,
484                                                 int offset) {
485         // Extract the third byte, minus the minimum byte value,
486         // plus the offset, modulo the number of usable byte values, plus the minimum.
487         offset += ((int)(basePrimary >> 8) & 0xff) - 2;
488         long primary = ((offset % 254) + 2) << 8;
489         offset /= 254;
490         // Same with the second byte,
491         // but reserve the PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_LOW_BYTE and high byte if necessary.
492         if(isCompressible) {
493             offset += ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - 4;
494             primary |= ((offset % 251) + 4) << 16;
495             offset /= 251;
496         } else {
497             offset += ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - 2;
498             primary |= ((offset % 254) + 2) << 16;
499             offset /= 254;
500         }
501         // First byte, assume no further overflow.
502         return primary | ((basePrimary & 0xff000000L) + ((long)offset << 24));
503     }
504 
505     /**
506      * Decrements a 2-byte primary by one range step (1..0x7f).
507      */
508     static long decTwoBytePrimaryByOneStep(long basePrimary, boolean isCompressible, int step) {
509         // Extract the second byte, minus the minimum byte value,
510         // minus the step, modulo the number of usable byte values, plus the minimum.
511         // Reserve the PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_LOW_BYTE and high byte if necessary.
512         // Assume no further underflow for the first byte.
513         assert(0 < step && step <= 0x7f);
514         int byte2 = ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - step;
515         if(isCompressible) {
516             if(byte2 < 4) {
517                 byte2 += 251;
518                 basePrimary -= 0x1000000;
519             }
520         } else {
521             if(byte2 < 2) {
522                 byte2 += 254;
523                 basePrimary -= 0x1000000;
524             }
525         }
526         return (basePrimary & 0xff000000L) | (byte2 << 16);
527     }
528 
529     /**
530      * Decrements a 3-byte primary by one range step (1..0x7f).
531      */
532     static long decThreeBytePrimaryByOneStep(long basePrimary, boolean isCompressible, int step) {
533         // Extract the third byte, minus the minimum byte value,
534         // minus the step, modulo the number of usable byte values, plus the minimum.
535         assert(0 < step && step <= 0x7f);
536         int byte3 = ((int)(basePrimary >> 8) & 0xff) - step;
537         if(byte3 >= 2) {
538             return (basePrimary & 0xffff0000L) | (byte3 << 8);
539         }
540         byte3 += 254;
541         // Same with the second byte,
542         // but reserve the PRIMARY_COMPRESSION_LOW_BYTE and high byte if necessary.
543         int byte2 = ((int)(basePrimary >> 16) & 0xff) - 1;
544         if(isCompressible) {
545             if(byte2 < 4) {
546                 byte2 = 0xfe;
547                 basePrimary -= 0x1000000;
548             }
549         } else {
550             if(byte2 < 2) {
551                 byte2 = 0xff;
552                 basePrimary -= 0x1000000;
553             }
554         }
555         // First byte, assume no further underflow.
556         return (basePrimary & 0xff000000L) | (byte2 << 16) | (byte3 << 8);
557     }
558 
559     /**
560      * Computes a 3-byte primary for c's OFFSET_TAG data "CE".
561      */
562     static long getThreeBytePrimaryForOffsetData(int c, long dataCE) {
563         long p = dataCE >>> 32;  // three-byte primary pppppp00
564         int lower32 = (int)dataCE;  // base code point b & step s: bbbbbbss (bit 7: isCompressible)
565         int offset = (c - (lower32 >> 8)) * (lower32 & 0x7f);  // delta * increment
566         boolean isCompressible = (lower32 & 0x80) != 0;
567         return Collation.incThreeBytePrimaryByOffset(p, isCompressible, offset);
568     }
569 
570     /**
571      * Returns the unassigned-character implicit primary weight for any valid code point c.
572      */
573     static long unassignedPrimaryFromCodePoint(int c) {
574         // Create a gap before U+0000. Use c=-1 for [first unassigned].
575         ++c;
576         // Fourth byte: 18 values, every 14th byte value (gap of 13).
577         long primary = 2 + (c % 18) * 14;
578         c /= 18;
579         // Third byte: 254 values.
580         primary |= (2 + (c % 254)) << 8;
581         c /= 254;
582         // Second byte: 251 values 04..FE excluding the primary compression bytes.
583         primary |= (4 + (c % 251)) << 16;
584         // One lead byte covers all code points (c < 0x1182B4 = 1*251*254*18).
585         return primary | ((long)UNASSIGNED_IMPLICIT_BYTE << 24);
586     }
587 
588     static long unassignedCEFromCodePoint(int c) {
589         return makeCE(unassignedPrimaryFromCodePoint(c));
590     }
591 
592     // private Collation()  // No instantiation.
593 }
594