1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c 335189 2018-06-15 06:03:40Z delphij $";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #if defined(__linux__)
35 #include <linux/fs.h>
36 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
38 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
39 /* Nothing. */
40 #else
41 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
42 #include <sys/disk.h>
43 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
44 #include <sys/mount.h>
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <err.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <inttypes.h>
54 #include <paths.h>
55 #include <signal.h>
56 #include <stdio.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <time.h>
60 #include <unistd.h>
61
62 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
63
64 #if !defined(__packed)
65 #define __packed __attribute__((__packed__))
66 #endif
67 #if !defined(__unused)
68 #define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
69 #endif
70
71 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
72 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
73 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
74
75 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
76 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
77 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
78 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
79 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
80 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
81 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
82 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
83 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
84 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
85 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
86 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
87 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
88 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
89
90 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
91 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
92 MINCLS32)
93
94 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
95 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
96 MAXCLS32)
97
98 #define mk1(p, x) \
99 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
100
101 #define mk2(p, x) \
102 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
103 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
104
105 #define mk4(p, x) \
106 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
107 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
108 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
109 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
110
111 struct bs {
112 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
113 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
114 } __packed;
115
116 struct bsbpb {
117 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
118 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
119 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
120 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
121 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
122 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
123 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
124 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
125 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
126 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
127 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
128 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
129 } __packed;
130
131 struct bsxbpb {
132 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
133 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
134 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
135 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
136 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
137 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
138 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
139 } __packed;
140
141 struct bsx {
142 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
143 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
144 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
145 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
146 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
147 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
148 } __packed;
149
150 struct de {
151 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
152 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
153 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
154 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
155 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
156 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
157 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
158 } __packed;
159
160 struct bpb {
161 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
162 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
163 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
164 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
165 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
166 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
167 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
168 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
169 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
170 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
171 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
172 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
173 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
174 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
175 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
176 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
177 };
178
179 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
180
181 static struct {
182 const char *name;
183 struct bpb bpb;
184 } const stdfmt[] = {
185 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
186 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
187 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
188 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
189 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
190 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
191 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
192 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
193 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
194 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
195 };
196
197 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
198 0xfa, /* cli */
199 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
200 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
201 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
202 0xfb, /* sti */
203 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
204 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
205 0x5e, /* pop si */
206 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
207 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
208 0xfc, /* cld */
209 0xac, /* lodsb */
210 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
211 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
212 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
213 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
214 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
215 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
216 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
217 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
218 0x0d, 0x0a,
219 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
220 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
221 0x0d, 0x0a,
222 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
223 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
224 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
225 0x0d, 0x0a,
226 0
227 };
228
229 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
230 static void infohandler(int);
231
232 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
233 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
234 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
235 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
236 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
237 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
238 static int oklabel(const char *);
239 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
240
241 int
mkfs_msdos(const char * fname,const char * dtype,const struct msdos_options * op)242 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
243 {
244 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
245 struct sigaction si_sa;
246 struct stat sb;
247 struct timeval tv;
248 struct bpb bpb;
249 struct tm *tm;
250 struct bs *bs;
251 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
252 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
253 struct bsx *bsx;
254 struct de *de;
255 u_int8_t *img;
256 const char *bname;
257 ssize_t n;
258 time_t now;
259 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
260 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
261 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
262 int fd, fd1, rv;
263 struct msdos_options o = *op;
264
265 img = NULL;
266 rv = -1;
267 fd = fd1 = -1;
268
269 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
270 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
271 goto done;
272 }
273 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
274 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
275 goto done;
276 }
277 if (o.create_size) {
278 if (o.no_create) {
279 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
280 goto done;
281 }
282 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
283 if (fd == -1) {
284 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
285 goto done;
286 }
287 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
288 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
289 goto done;
290 }
291 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
292 warn("%s", fname);
293 goto done;
294 }
295 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
296 warn("%s", fname);
297 goto done;
298 }
299 if (o.create_size) {
300 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
301 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
302 } else {
303 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
304 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
305 }
306 if (!o.no_create)
307 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
308 goto done;
309 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
310 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
311 goto done;
312 }
313 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
314 if (o.floppy) {
315 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
316 goto done;
317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
318 bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
319 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
320 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
321 }
322 if (o.drive_heads)
323 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
324 if (o.sectors_per_track)
325 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
326 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
327 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
328 if (o.size)
329 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
330 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
331 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
332 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
333 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
334 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
335 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
336 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
337 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
341 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
343 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
344 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
345 else
346 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
347 }
348 }
349 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
350 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
351 goto done;
352 }
353 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
354 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
355 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
356 goto done;
357 }
358
359 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
360 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
361 goto done;
362 }
363 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
364 if (o.floppy)
365 fat = 12;
366 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
367 fat = 32;
368 }
369 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
370 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
371 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
372 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
373 goto done;
374 }
375 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
376 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
377 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
378 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
379 goto done;
380 }
381
382 if (o.block_size) {
383 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
384 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
385 goto done;
386 }
387 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
388 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
389 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
390 goto done;
391 }
392 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
393 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
394 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
395 goto done;
396 }
397 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
398 }
399 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
400 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
401 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
402 o.sectors_per_cluster);
403 goto done;
404 }
405 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
406 }
407 if (o.reserved_sectors)
408 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
409 if (o.num_FAT) {
410 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
411 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
412 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
413 goto done;
414 }
415 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
416 }
417 if (o.directory_entries)
418 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
419 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
420 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
421 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
422 goto done;
423 }
424 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
425 }
426 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
427 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
428 if (o.info_sector)
429 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
430 if (o.backup_sector)
431 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
432 bss = 1;
433 bname = NULL;
434 fd1 = -1;
435 if (o.bootstrap) {
436 bname = o.bootstrap;
437 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
438 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
439 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
440 warn(NULL);
441 goto done;
442 }
443 }
444 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
445 warn("%s", bname);
446 goto done;
447 }
448 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
449 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
450 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
451 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
452 goto done;
453 }
454 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
455 }
456 if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
457 bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
458 if (!fat) {
459 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
460 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
462 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
463 bpb.bpbFATs +
464 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
465 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
466 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
467 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
468 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
469 fat = 12;
470 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
471 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
472 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
473 bpb.bpbFATs +
474 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
475 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
476 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
477 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
478 fat = 16;
479 else
480 fat = 32;
481 }
482 x = bss;
483 if (fat == 32) {
484 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
485 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
486 warnx("no room for info sector");
487 goto done;
488 }
489 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
490 }
491 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
492 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
493 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
494 if (x == MAXU16) {
495 warnx("no room for backup sector");
496 goto done;
497 }
498 bpb.bpbBackup = x;
499 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
500 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
501 goto done;
502 }
503 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
504 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
505 }
506
507 extra_res = 0;
508 alignment = 0;
509 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
510 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
511 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
512 saved_x = x;
513
514 /*
515 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
516 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
517 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
518 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
519 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
520 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
521 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
522 */
523 do {
524 x = saved_x;
525 if (set_res)
526 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
527 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
528 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
529 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
530 bpb.bpbResSectors);
531 goto done;
532 }
533 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
534 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
535 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
536 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
537 if (set_spc) {
538 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
539 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
540 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
541 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
542 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
543 rds +
544 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
545 bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
546 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
547 continue;
548
549 }
550 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
551 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
552 goto done;
553 }
554 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
555 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
556 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
557 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
558 goto done;
559 }
560 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
561 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
562 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
563 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
564 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
565 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
566 if (set_spf) {
567 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
568 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
569 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
570 }
571 if (set_res) {
572 /* attempt to align root directory */
573 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
574 bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
575 if (o.align)
576 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
577 }
578 attempts++;
579 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
580 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
581 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
582
583 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
584 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
585 RESFTE;
586 if (cls > x)
587 cls = x;
588 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
589 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
590 cls);
591 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
592 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
593 mincls(fat));
594 goto done;
595 }
596 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
597 cls = maxcls(fat);
598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
599 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
600 bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
601 }
602 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
603 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
604 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
605 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
606 if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
607 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
608 if (fat == 32)
609 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
610 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
611 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
612 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
613 }
614 if (fat != 32) {
615 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
616 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
617 }
618 print_bpb(&bpb);
619 if (!o.no_create) {
620 if (o.timestamp_set) {
621 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
622 tv.tv_usec = 0;
623 tm = gmtime(&now);
624 } else {
625 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
626 now = tv.tv_sec;
627 tm = localtime(&now);
628 }
629
630
631 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
632 warn(NULL);
633 goto done;
634 }
635 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
636 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
637 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
638 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
639 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
640 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
641 goto done;
642 }
643 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
644 if (got_siginfo) {
645 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
646 fname, lsn,
647 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
648 (lsn * 100) / (dir +
649 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
650 got_siginfo = 0;
651 }
652 x = lsn;
653 if (o.bootstrap &&
654 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
655 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
656 x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
657 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
658 warn("%s", bname);
659 goto done;
660 }
661 }
662 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
663 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
664 warn("%s", bname);
665 goto done;
666 }
667 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
668 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
669 goto done;
670 }
671 } else
672 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
673 if (!lsn ||
674 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
675 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
676 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
677 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
678 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
679 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
680 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
681 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
683 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
684 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
685 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
687 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
688 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
689 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
690 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
691 if (fat == 32) {
692 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
693 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
694 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
695 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
696 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
697 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
698 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
699 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
700 }
701 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
702 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
703 if (o.volume_id_set)
704 x = o.volume_id;
705 else
706 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
707 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
708 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
709 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
710 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
711 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
712 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
713 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
714 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
715 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
716 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
717 if (!o.bootstrap) {
718 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
719 bs = (struct bs *)img;
720 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
721 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
722 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
723 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
724 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
725 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
726 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
727 }
728 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
729 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
730 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
731 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
732 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
733 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
734 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
735 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
736 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
737 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
738 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
739 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
740 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
741 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
742 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
743 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
744 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
745 de = (struct de *)img;
746 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
747 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
748 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
749 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
750 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
751 mk2(de->deMTime, x);
752 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
753 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
754 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
755 mk2(de->deMDate, x);
756 }
757 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
758 warn("%s", fname);
759 goto done;
760 }
761 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
762 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
763 goto done;
764 }
765 }
766 }
767 rv = 0;
768 done:
769 free(img);
770 if (fd != -1)
771 close(fd);
772 if (fd1 != -1)
773 close(fd1);
774
775 return rv;
776 }
777
778 /*
779 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
780 */
781 static int
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)782 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
783 {
784 #if 0
785 struct statfs *mp;
786 const char *s1, *s2;
787 size_t len;
788 int n, r;
789
790 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
791 warn("getmntinfo");
792 return -1;
793 }
794 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
795 s1 = fname;
796 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
797 s1 += len;
798 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
799 for (; n--; mp++) {
800 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
801 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
802 s2 += len;
803 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
804 !strcmp(s1, s2)) {
805 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
806 return -1;
807 }
808 }
809 #endif
810 return 0;
811 }
812
813 /*
814 * Get a standard format.
815 */
816 static int
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)817 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
818 {
819 u_int x, i;
820
821 x = nitems(stdfmt);
822 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
823 if (i == x) {
824 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
825 return -1;
826 }
827 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
828 return 0;
829 }
830
831 /*
832 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
833 */
834 #if defined(__linux__)
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)835 static int getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
836 __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb)
837 {
838 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)) {
839 err(1, "ioctl(BLKSSZGET) for bytes/sector failed");
840 }
841
842 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, "bytes/sector") == -1) return -1;
843
844 u_long block_size;
845 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &block_size)) {
846 err(1, "ioctl(BLKGETSIZE) failed");
847 }
848
849 if (block_size > UINT32_MAX) {
850 errx(1, "block size too large: %lu", block_size);
851 }
852
853 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = (u_int)block_size;
854
855 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = 63;
856 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, "sectors/track") == -1) return -1;
857
858 bpb->bpbHeads = 64;
859 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbHeads, "drive heads") == -1) return -1;
860
861 return 0;
862 }
863 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
864 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)865 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
866 struct bpb *bpb) {
867 return 0;
868 }
869 #else
870 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)871 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
872 struct bpb *bpb)
873 {
874 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
875 struct fd_type type;
876 off_t ms, hs = 0;
877
878 lp = NULL;
879
880 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
881 if (dtype != NULL) {
882 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
883 }
884
885 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
886 if (lp == NULL) {
887 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
888 struct stat st;
889
890 if (fstat(fd, &st))
891 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
892 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
893 ms = st.st_size;
894 dlp.d_secsize = 512;
895 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
896 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
897 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
898 lp = &dlp;
899 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
900 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
901 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
902 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
903 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
904 lp = &dlp;
905 }
906 }
907
908 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
909 if (lp == NULL) {
910 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
911 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
912 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
913 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
914 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
915
916 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
917
918 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
919 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
920 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
921 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
922 }
923 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
924 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
925 warn("cannot get number of heads");
926 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
927 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
928 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
929 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
930 else
931 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
932 }
933
934 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
935 lp = &dlp;
936 }
937
938 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
939 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
940 return -1;
941 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
942 }
943 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
944 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
945 return -1;
946 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
947 }
948 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
949 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
950 return -1;
951 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
952 }
953 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
954 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
955 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
956 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
957 return 0;
958 }
959 #endif
960
961 /*
962 * Print out BPB values.
963 */
964 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)965 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
966 {
967 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
968 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
969 bpb->bpbFATs);
970 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
971 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
972 if (bpb->bpbSectors)
973 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
974 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
975 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
976 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
977 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
978 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
979 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
980 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
981 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
982 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
983 bpb->bpbRootClust);
984 printf(" FSInfo=");
985 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
986 printf(" Backup=");
987 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
988 }
989 printf("\n");
990 }
991
992 /*
993 * Check a disk geometry value.
994 */
995 static int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)996 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
997 {
998 if (!val) {
999 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1000 return -1;
1001 }
1002 if (val > MAXU16) {
1003 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1004 return -1;
1005 }
1006 return 0;
1007 }
1008
1009 /*
1010 * Check a volume label.
1011 */
1012 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1013 oklabel(const char *src)
1014 {
1015 int c, i;
1016
1017 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1018 c = (u_char)*src++;
1019 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1020 break;
1021 }
1022 return i && !c;
1023 }
1024
1025 /*
1026 * Make a volume label.
1027 */
1028 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1029 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1030 {
1031 int c, i;
1032
1033 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1034 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1035 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1036 }
1037 }
1038
1039 /*
1040 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1041 */
1042 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1043 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1044 {
1045 while (len--)
1046 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1047 }
1048
1049 static void
infohandler(int sig __unused)1050 infohandler(int sig __unused)
1051 {
1052
1053 got_siginfo = 1;
1054 }
1055