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83 </script> 84 85 </div> 86 87 <main class="container"> 88 <div class="magick-template"> 89<div class="magick-header"> 90<p class="text-center"><a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#AcquireQuantizeInfo">AcquireQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#CloneQuantizeInfo">CloneQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#CompressImageColormap">CompressImageColormap</a> • <a href="quantize.html#DestroyQuantizeInfo">DestroyQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#GetImageQuantizeError">GetImageQuantizeError</a> • <a href="quantize.html#GetQuantizeInfo">GetQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#KmeansImage">KmeansImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#PosterizeImage">PosterizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImages">QuantizeImages</a> • <a href="quantize.html#RemapImage">RemapImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#RemapImages">RemapImages</a> • <a href="quantize.html#SetGrayscaleImage">SetGrayscaleImage</a></p> 91 92<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a></h2> 93 94<p>QuantizeImage() takes a standard RGB or monochrome images and quantizes them down to some fixed number of colors.</p> 95 96<p>For purposes of color allocation, an image is a set of n pixels, where each pixel is a point in RGB space. RGB space is a 3-dimensional vector space, and each pixel, Pi, is defined by an ordered triple of red, green, and blue coordinates, (Ri, Gi, Bi).</p> 97 98<p>Each primary color component (red, green, or blue) represents an intensity which varies linearly from 0 to a maximum value, Cmax, which corresponds to full saturation of that color. Color allocation is defined over a domain consisting of the cube in RGB space with opposite vertices at (0,0,0) and (Cmax, Cmax, Cmax). QUANTIZE requires Cmax = 255.</p> 99 100<p>The algorithm maps this domain onto a tree in which each node represents a cube within that domain. In the following discussion these cubes are defined by the coordinate of two opposite vertices (vertex nearest the origin in RGB space and the vertex farthest from the origin).</p> 101 102<p>The tree's root node represents the entire domain, (0,0,0) through (Cmax,Cmax,Cmax). Each lower level in the tree is generated by subdividing one node's cube into eight smaller cubes of equal size. This corresponds to bisecting the parent cube with planes passing through the midpoints of each edge.</p> 103 104<p>The basic algorithm operates in three phases: Classification, Reduction, and Assignment. Classification builds a color description tree for the image. Reduction collapses the tree until the number it represents, at most, the number of colors desired in the output image. Assignment defines the output image's color map and sets each pixel's color by restorage_class in the reduced tree. Our goal is to minimize the numerical discrepancies between the original colors and quantized colors (quantization error).</p> 105 106<p>Classification begins by initializing a color description tree of sufficient depth to represent each possible input color in a leaf. However, it is impractical to generate a fully-formed color description tree in the storage_class phase for realistic values of Cmax. If colors components in the input image are quantized to k-bit precision, so that Cmax= 2k-1, the tree would need k levels below the root node to allow representing each possible input color in a leaf. This becomes prohibitive because the tree's total number of nodes is 1 + sum(i=1, k, 8k).</p> 107 108<p>A complete tree would require 19,173,961 nodes for k = 8, Cmax = 255.</p> 109<dt>avoid building a fully populated tree, QUANTIZE</dt> 110<p>(1) Initializes data structures for nodes only as they are needed; (2) Chooses a maximum depth for the tree as a function of the desired number of colors in the output image (currently log2(colormap size)).</p> 111 112<p>For each pixel in the input image, storage_class scans downward from the root of the color description tree. At each level of the tree it identifies the single node which represents a cube in RGB space containing the pixel's color. It updates the following data for each such node:</p> 113 114<pre class="text"> 115 n1: Number of pixels whose color is contained in the RGB cube which 116 this node represents; 117</pre> 118 119<p>n2: Number of pixels whose color is not represented in a node at lower depth in the tree; initially, n2 = 0 for all nodes except leaves of the tree.</p> 120 121<p>Sr, Sg, Sb: Sums of the red, green, and blue component values for all pixels not classified at a lower depth. The combination of these sums and n2 will ultimately characterize the mean color of a set of pixels represented by this node.</p> 122 123<p>E: the distance squared in RGB space between each pixel contained within a node and the nodes' center. This represents the quantization error for a node.</p> 124 125<p>Reduction repeatedly prunes the tree until the number of nodes with n2 > 0 is less than or equal to the maximum number of colors allowed in the output image. On any given iteration over the tree, it selects those nodes whose E count is minimal for pruning and merges their color statistics upward. It uses a pruning threshold, Ep, to govern node selection as follows:</p> 126 127<dd> 128</dd> 129 130<dd> Ep = 0 while number of nodes with (n2 > 0) > required maximum number of colors prune all nodes such that E <= Ep Set Ep to minimum E in remaining nodes </dd> 131 132<dd> This has the effect of minimizing any quantization error when merging two nodes together. </dd> 133 134<dd> When a node to be pruned has offspring, the pruning procedure invokes itself recursively in order to prune the tree from the leaves upward. n2, Sr, Sg, and Sb in a node being pruned are always added to the corresponding data in that node's parent. This retains the pruned node's color characteristics for later averaging. </dd> 135 136<dd> For each node, n2 pixels exist for which that node represents the smallest volume in RGB space containing those pixel's colors. When n2 > 0 the node will uniquely define a color in the output image. At the beginning of reduction, n2 = 0 for all nodes except a the leaves of the tree which represent colors present in the input image. </dd> 137 138<dd> The other pixel count, n1, indicates the total number of colors within the cubic volume which the node represents. This includes n1 - n2 pixels whose colors should be defined by nodes at a lower level in the tree. </dd> 139 140<dd> Assignment generates the output image from the pruned tree. The output </dd> 141<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 142<dt>parts</dt> 143<dd>(1) A color map, which is an array of color descriptions (RGB triples) for each color present in the output image; (2) A pixel array, which represents each pixel as an index into the color map array. </dd> 144 145<dd> First, the assignment phase makes one pass over the pruned color description tree to establish the image's color map. For each node with n2 > 0, it divides Sr, Sg, and Sb by n2 . This produces the mean color of all pixels that classify no lower than this node. Each of these colors becomes an entry in the color map. </dd> 146 147<dd> Finally, the assignment phase reclassifies each pixel in the pruned tree to identify the deepest node containing the pixel's color. The pixel's value in the pixel array becomes the index of this node's mean color in the color map. </dd> 148 149<dd> This method is based on a similar algorithm written by Paul Raveling. </dd> 150 151<dd> </dd> 152</dl> 153<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="AcquireQuantizeInfo">AcquireQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 154 155<p>AcquireQuantizeInfo() allocates the QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 156 157<p>The format of the AcquireQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 158 159<pre class="text"> 160QuantizeInfo *AcquireQuantizeInfo(const ImageInfo *image_info) 161</pre> 162 163<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 164 165<dd> 166</dd> 167 168<dd> </dd> 169<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 170<dt>image_info</dt> 171<dd>the image info. </dd> 172 173<dd> </dd> 174</dl> 175<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="CloneQuantizeInfo">CloneQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 176 177<p>CloneQuantizeInfo() makes a duplicate of the given quantize info structure, or if quantize info is NULL, a new one.</p> 178 179<p>The format of the CloneQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 180 181<pre class="text"> 182QuantizeInfo *CloneQuantizeInfo(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 183</pre> 184 185<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 186 187<dd> 188</dd> 189 190<dd> </dd> 191<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 192<dt>clone_info</dt> 193<dd>Method CloneQuantizeInfo returns a duplicate of the given quantize info, or if image info is NULL a new one. </dd> 194 195<dd> </dd> 196<dt>quantize_info</dt> 197<dd>a structure of type info. </dd> 198 199<dd> </dd> 200</dl> 201<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="CompressImageColormap">CompressImageColormap</a></h2> 202 203<p>CompressImageColormap() compresses an image colormap by removing any duplicate or unused color entries.</p> 204 205<p>The format of the CompressImageColormap method is:</p> 206 207<pre class="text"> 208MagickBooleanType CompressImageColormap(Image *image, 209 ExceptionInfo *exception) 210</pre> 211 212<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 213 214<dd> 215</dd> 216 217<dd> </dd> 218<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 219<dt>image</dt> 220<dd>the image. </dd> 221 222<dd> </dd> 223<dt>exception</dt> 224<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 225 226<dd> </dd> 227</dl> 228<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="DestroyQuantizeInfo">DestroyQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 229 230<p>DestroyQuantizeInfo() deallocates memory associated with an QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 231 232<p>The format of the DestroyQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 233 234<pre class="text"> 235QuantizeInfo *DestroyQuantizeInfo(QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 236</pre> 237 238<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 239 240<dd> 241</dd> 242 243<dd> </dd> 244<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 245<dt>quantize_info</dt> 246<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 247 248<dd> </dd> 249</dl> 250<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="GetImageQuantizeError">GetImageQuantizeError</a></h2> 251 252<p>GetImageQuantizeError() measures the difference between the original and quantized images. This difference is the total quantization error. The error is computed by summing over all pixels in an image the distance squared in RGB space between each reference pixel value and its quantized value. These values are computed:</p> 253 254<pre class="text"> 255 o mean_error_per_pixel: This value is the mean error for any single 256pixel in the image. 257</pre> 258 259<dt>normalized_mean_square_error</dt> 260<p>This value is the normalized mean quantization error for any single pixel in the image. This distance measure is normalized to a range between 0 and 1. It is independent of the range of red, green, and blue values in the image.</p> 261 262<dt>normalized_maximum_square_error</dt> 263<p>Thsi value is the normalized maximum quantization error for any single pixel in the image. This distance measure is normalized to a range between 0 and 1. It is independent of the range of red, green, and blue values in your image.</p> 264 265<p>The format of the GetImageQuantizeError method is:</p> 266 267<pre class="text"> 268MagickBooleanType GetImageQuantizeError(Image *image, 269 ExceptionInfo *exception) 270</pre> 271 272<p>A description of each parameter follows.</p> 273 274<dt>image</dt> 275<p>the image.</p> 276 277<dt>exception</dt> 278<p>return any errors or warnings in this structure.</p> 279 280<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="GetQuantizeInfo">GetQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 281 282<p>GetQuantizeInfo() initializes the QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 283 284<p>The format of the GetQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 285 286<pre class="text"> 287GetQuantizeInfo(QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 288</pre> 289 290<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 291 292<dd> 293</dd> 294 295<dd> </dd> 296<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 297<dt>quantize_info</dt> 298<dd>Specifies a pointer to a QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 299 300<dd> </dd> 301</dl> 302<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="KmeansImage">KmeansImage</a></h2> 303 304<p>KmeansImage() applies k-means color reduction to an image. This is a colorspace clustering or segmentation technique.</p> 305 306<p>The format of the KmeansImage method is:</p> 307 308<pre class="text"> 309MagickBooleanType KmeansImage(Image *image,const size_t number_colors, 310 const size_t max_iterations,const double max_distortion, 311 ExceptionInfo *exception) 312</pre> 313 314<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 315 316<dd> 317</dd> 318 319<dd> </dd> 320<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 321<dt>image</dt> 322<dd>the image. </dd> 323 324<dd> </dd> 325<dt>number_colors</dt> 326<dd>number of colors to use as seeds. </dd> 327 328<dd> </dd> 329<dt>max_iterations</dt> 330<dd>maximum number of iterations while converging. </dd> 331 332<dd> </dd> 333<dt>max_distortion</dt> 334<dd>the maximum quantization distortion. </dd> 335 336<dd> </dd> 337<dt>exception</dt> 338<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 339 340<dd> </dd> 341</dl> 342<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="PosterizeImage">PosterizeImage</a></h2> 343 344<p>PosterizeImage() reduces the image to a limited number of colors for a "poster" effect.</p> 345 346<p>The format of the PosterizeImage method is:</p> 347 348<pre class="text"> 349MagickBooleanType PosterizeImage(Image *image,const size_t levels, 350 const DitherMethod dither_method,ExceptionInfo *exception) 351</pre> 352 353<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 354 355<dd> 356</dd> 357 358<dd> </dd> 359<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 360<dt>image</dt> 361<dd>Specifies a pointer to an Image structure. </dd> 362 363<dd> </dd> 364<dt>levels</dt> 365<dd>Number of color levels allowed in each channel. Very low values (2, 3, or 4) have the most visible effect. </dd> 366 367<dd> </dd> 368<dt>dither_method</dt> 369<dd>choose from UndefinedDitherMethod, NoDitherMethod, RiemersmaDitherMethod, FloydSteinbergDitherMethod. </dd> 370 371<dd> </dd> 372<dt>exception</dt> 373<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 374 375<dd> </dd> 376</dl> 377<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a></h2> 378 379<p>QuantizeImage() analyzes the colors within a reference image and chooses a fixed number of colors to represent the image. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the color difference between the input and output image while minimizing the processing time.</p> 380 381<p>The format of the QuantizeImage method is:</p> 382 383<pre class="text"> 384MagickBooleanType QuantizeImage(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 385 Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 386</pre> 387 388<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 389 390<dd> 391</dd> 392 393<dd> </dd> 394<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 395<dt>quantize_info</dt> 396<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 397 398<dd> </dd> 399<dt>image</dt> 400<dd>the image. </dd> 401 402<dd> </dd> 403<dt>exception</dt> 404<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 405 406<dd> </dd> 407</dl> 408<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImages">QuantizeImages</a></h2> 409 410<p>QuantizeImages() analyzes the colors within a set of reference images and chooses a fixed number of colors to represent the set. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the color difference between the input and output images while minimizing the processing time.</p> 411 412<p>The format of the QuantizeImages method is:</p> 413 414<pre class="text"> 415MagickBooleanType QuantizeImages(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 416 Image *images,ExceptionInfo *exception) 417</pre> 418 419<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 420 421<dd> 422</dd> 423 424<dd> </dd> 425<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 426<dt>quantize_info</dt> 427<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 428 429<dd> </dd> 430<dt>images</dt> 431<dd>Specifies a pointer to a list of Image structures. </dd> 432 433<dd> </dd> 434<dt>exception</dt> 435<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 436 437<dd> </dd> 438</dl> 439<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="RemapImage">RemapImage</a></h2> 440 441<p>RemapImage() replaces the colors of an image with the closest of the colors from the reference image.</p> 442 443<p>The format of the RemapImage method is:</p> 444 445<pre class="text"> 446MagickBooleanType RemapImage(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 447 Image *image,const Image *remap_image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 448</pre> 449 450<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 451 452<dd> 453</dd> 454 455<dd> </dd> 456<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 457<dt>quantize_info</dt> 458<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 459 460<dd> </dd> 461<dt>image</dt> 462<dd>the image. </dd> 463 464<dd> </dd> 465<dt>remap_image</dt> 466<dd>the reference image. </dd> 467 468<dd> </dd> 469<dt>exception</dt> 470<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 471 472<dd> </dd> 473</dl> 474<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="RemapImages">RemapImages</a></h2> 475 476<p>RemapImages() replaces the colors of a sequence of images with the closest color from a reference image.</p> 477 478<p>The format of the RemapImage method is:</p> 479 480<pre class="text"> 481MagickBooleanType RemapImages(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 482 Image *images,Image *remap_image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 483</pre> 484 485<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 486 487<dd> 488</dd> 489 490<dd> </dd> 491<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 492<dt>quantize_info</dt> 493<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 494 495<dd> </dd> 496<dt>images</dt> 497<dd>the image sequence. </dd> 498 499<dd> </dd> 500<dt>remap_image</dt> 501<dd>the reference image. </dd> 502 503<dd> </dd> 504<dt>exception</dt> 505<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 506 507<dd> </dd> 508</dl> 509<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="SetGrayscaleImage">SetGrayscaleImage</a></h2> 510 511<p>SetGrayscaleImage() converts an image to a PseudoClass grayscale image.</p> 512 513<p>The format of the SetGrayscaleImage method is:</p> 514 515<pre class="text"> 516MagickBooleanType SetGrayscaleImage(Image *image, 517 ExceptionInfo *exception) 518</pre> 519 520<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 521 522<dd> 523</dd> 524 525<dd> </dd> 526<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 527<dt>image</dt> 528<dd>The image. </dd> 529 530<dd> </dd> 531<dt>exception</dt> 532<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 533 534<dd> </dd> 535</dl> 536</div> 537 </div> 538 </main><!-- /.container --> 539 <footer class="magick-footer"> 540 <p><a href="../../www/www/security-policy.html">Security</a> • 541 <a href="../../www/www/architecture.html">Architecture</a> 542 543 <a href="quantize.html#"><img class="d-inline" id="wand" alt="And Now a Touch of Magick" width="16" height="16" src="../../www/images/wand.ico"/></a> 544 545 <a href="../../www/www/links.html">Related</a> • 546 <a href="../../www/www/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> 547 <br/> 548 <a href="../../www/www/support.html">Donate</a> • 549 <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> • 550 <a href="../../www/www/contact.html">Contact Us</a> 551 <br/> 552 <small>© 1999-2020 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small></p> 553 </footer> 554 555 <!-- Javascript assets --> 556 <script src="../../www/assets/magick.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> 557 <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://localhost/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"><\/script>')</script> 558</body> 559</html> 560<!-- Magick Cache 4th January 2020 19:00 -->
