International Components for Unicode for Java (ICU4J)

Read Me for ICU4J 68.2

Note: This is a major release of ICU4J. It contains bug fixes and adds implementations of inherited API and introduces new API or functionality.

For the most recent release, see the ICU4J download site.

Contents

• Introduction to ICU4J
• Changes In This Release
• License Information
• Platform Dependencies
• How to Download ICU4J
• The Structure and Contents of ICU4J
• Where to Get Documentation
• How to Install and Build
• How to modularize ICU4J
• Trying Out ICU4J
• ICU4J Resource Information
• About ICU4J Time Zone
• Where to Find More Information
• Submitting Comments, Requesting Features and Reporting Bugs

Introduction to ICU4J

The International Components for Unicode (ICU) library provides robust and full-featured Unicode services on a wide variety of platforms. ICU supports the most current version of the Unicode standard, including support for supplementary characters (needed for GB 18030 repertoire support).

Java provides a strong foundation for global programs, and IBM and the ICU team played a key role in providing globalization technology to Java. But because of its long release schedule, Java cannot always keep up with evolving standards. The ICU team continues to extend Java's Unicode and internationalization support, focusing on improving performance, keeping current with the Unicode standard, and providing richer APIs, while remaining as compatible as possible with the original Java text and internationalization API design.

ICU4J is an add-on to the regular JRE that provides:

• Collation – rule-based, up-to-date Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) sorting order
      For fast multilingual string comparison; faster and more complete than the J2SE implementation
• Charset Detection – Recognition of various single and multibyte charsets
      Useful for recognizing untagged text data
• UnicodeSet – standard set operations optimized for sets of Unicode characters
      UnicodeSets can be built from string patterns using any Unicode properties.
• Transforms – a flexible mechanism for Unicode text conversions
      Including Full/Halfwidth conversions, Normalization, Case conversions, Hex conversions, and transliterations between scripts (50+ pairs)
• Unicode Normalization – NFC, NFD, NFKD, NFKC
      For canonical text representations, needed for XML and the net
• International Calendars – Arabic, Buddhist, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, Ethiopic, Islamic, Coptic and other calendars
      Required for correct presentation of dates in certain countries
• Date Format Enhancements – Date/time pattern generator, Relative date formatting, etc.
      Enhancements to the normal Java date formatting.
• Number Format Enhancements – Scientific Notation, Spelled-out, Compact decimal format, etc.
      Enhancements to the normal Java number formatting. The spell-out format is used for checks and similar documents
• Enhanced Word-Break Detection – Rule-based, supports Thai, Khmer, Chinese, etc.
      Required for correct support of Thai
• Unicode Text Compression – Standard compression of Unicode text
      Suitable for large numbers of small fields, where LZW and similar schemes do not apply
• Charset Conversion – Conversion to and from different charsets.
      Plugs into Java CharsetProvider Service Provider Interface (SPI)

Note: We continue to provide assistance to Java, and in some cases, ICU4J support has been rolled into a later release of Java. For example, BCP47 language tag support including Unicode locale extensions is now in Java 7. However, the most current and complete version is always found in ICU4J.

Changes In This Release

See the ICU 68 download page for more informantion about changes in this release.

The list of API changes since the previous ICU4J release is available here.

License Information

The ICU projects (ICU4C and ICU4J) are hosted by the Unicode Consortium. The ICU binary and source files are distributed under the UNICODE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE LICENSE. The full copy of the license and third party software licenses are available in LICENSE file included in this package.

Platform Dependencies

The minimum Java runtime version supported by ICU4J 68 is version 7. Java runtime version 6 is not supported.

ICU4J since version 63 depend on J2SE 7 functionality. Therefore, ICU4J only runs on JRE version 7 or later. ICU4J 68 is tested on JRE 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

How to Download ICU4J

There are a few different ways to download the ICU4J releases.

• Official Release:
  If you want to use ICU4J (as opposed to developing it), your best bet is to download an official, packaged version of the ICU4J library files. These versions are tested more thoroughly than day-to-day development builds, and they are packaged in jar files for convenient download.
  • ICU Download page.
  • Maven repository:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ibm.icu</groupId>
        <artifactId>icu4j</artifactId>
        <version>68.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ibm.icu</groupId>
        <artifactId>icu4j-charset</artifactId>
        <version>68.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ibm.icu</groupId>
        <artifactId>icu4j-localespi</artifactId>
        <version>68.2</version>
    </dependency>
    

• GitHub Source Repository:
  If you are interested in developing features, patches, or bug fixes for ICU4J, you should probably be working with the latest version of the ICU4J source code. You will need to clone and checkout the code from our GitHub repository to ensure that you have the most recent version of all of the files. There are several ways to do this. Please follow the directions that are contained on the Source Repository page for details.

For more details on how to download ICU4J directly from the web site, please see the ICU download page at http://www.icu-project.org/download/

The Structure and Contents of ICU4J

Below, all directory pathes are relative to the directory where the ICU4J source archive is extracted.

Information and build files:

ICU4J runtime class files:

ICU4J unit test files:

Others:

Where to get Documentation

The ICU user's guide contains lots of general information about ICU, in its C, C++, and Java incarnations.

The complete API documentation for ICU4J (javadoc) is available on the ICU4J web site, and can be built from the sources:

• Index to all ICU4J API
• Charset Detector – Detection of charset from a byte stream
• International Calendars – Buddhist, Chinese, Coptic, Ethiopic, Gregorian, Hebrew, Indian, Islamic, Japanese, Persian, Dangi.
• Time Zone Enhancements – Time zone transition and rule detection, iCalendar VTIMEZONE formatting and parsing, Custom time zones constructed by user defined rules.
• Date Format Enhancements – Date/Time Pattern Generator, Date Interval Format, Duration Format.
• Unicode Normalization – Canonical text representation for W3C.
• Number Format Enhancements – Scientific Notation, Spelled out.
• Enhanced word-break detection – Rule-based, supports Thai
• Transliteration – A general framework for converting text from one format to another, e.g. Cyrillic to Latin, or Hex to Unicode.
• Unicode Text Compression & Decompression – 2:1 compression on English Unicode text.
• Collation – Rule-based sorting, Efficient multi-lingual searching, Alphabetic indexing

How to Install and Build

To install ICU4J, simply place the pre-built jar file icu4j.jar on your Java CLASSPATH. If you need Charset API support please also place icu4j-charset.jar on your class path along with icu4j.jar.

To build ICU4J, you will need JDK 7 or later (JDK 8 is the reference environment for this release) and the Apache Ant version 1.9 or later. It's recommended to install both the JDK and Ant somewhere outsidethe ICU4J directory. For example, on Linux you might install these in /usr/local.

• Install JDK 8.
• Install the Apache Ant 1.9 or later.
• Set environment variables JAVA_HOME, ANT_HOME and PATH, for example:

          set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk1.8.0
          set ANT_HOME=C:\apache-ant
          set PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%ANT_HOME%\bin;%PATH%

Once the JDK and Ant are configured, run the desired target defined in build.xml. The default target is "jar" which compiles ICU4J library class files and create ICU4J jar files. For example:

C:\icu4j>ant
Buildfile: C:\icu4j\build.xml

info:
     [echo] ----- Build Environment Information -------------------
     [echo] Java Home:    C:\jdk1.8.0\jre
     [echo] Java Version: 1.8.0_181
     [echo] Ant Home:     C:\apache-ant
     [echo] Ant Version:  Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.1 compiled on February 2 2017
     [echo] OS:           Windows 10
     [echo] OS Version:   10.0
     [echo] OS Arch:      amd64
     [echo] Host:         ICUDEV
     [echo] -------------------------------------------------------

core:

@compile:
     [echo] build-local:     ../../shared/../../build-local.properties
     [echo] --- java compiler arguments ------------------------
     [echo] source dir:     C:\icu4j\main\classes\core/src
     [echo] output dir:     C:\icu4j\main\classes\core/out/bin
     [echo] bootclasspath:
     [echo] classpath:
     [echo] source:         1.7
     [echo] target:         1.7
     [echo] debug:          on
     [echo] encoding:       UTF-8
     [echo] compiler arg:   -Xlint:all,-deprecation,-dep-ann,-options,-overrides
     [echo] ----------------------------------------------------
    [mkdir] Created dir: C:\icu4j\main\classes\core\out\bin
    [javac] Compiling 470 source files to C:\icu4j\main\classes\core\out\bin
    [javac] Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
    [javac] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.

compile:

@copy:
     [copy] Copying 24 files to C:\icu4j\main\classes\core\out\bin

set-icuconfig-datapath:

copy-data:
    [unjar] Expanding: C:\icu4j\main\shared\data\icudata.jar into C:\icu4j\main\
classes\core\out\bin
    [unjar] Expanding: C:\icu4j\main\shared\data\icutzdata.jar into C:\icu4j\mai
n\classes\core\out\bin

...
...
...

localespi:

@compile:
     [echo] build-local:     ../../shared/../../build-local.properties
     [echo] --- java compiler arguments ------------------------
     [echo] source dir:     C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi/src
     [echo] output dir:     C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi/out/bin
     [echo] bootclasspath:
     [echo] classpath:      C:\icu4j\main\classes\core\out\lib\icu4j-core.jar;C:
\icu4j\main\classes\collate\out\lib\icu4j-collate.jar
     [echo] source:         1.7
     [echo] target:         1.7
     [echo] debug:          on
     [echo] encoding:       UTF-8
     [echo] compiler arg:   -Xlint:all,-deprecation,-dep-ann,-options
     [echo] ----------------------------------------------------
    [mkdir] Created dir: C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\bin
    [javac] Compiling 22 source files to C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\bin


compile:

@copy:
     [copy] Copying 11 files to C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\bin

copy:

@jar:
    [mkdir] Created dir: C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\lib
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out
      [jar] Building jar: C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\lib\icu4j-localesp
i.jar

jar:

@src-jar:
      [jar] Building jar: C:\icu4j\main\classes\localespi\out\lib\icu4j-localesp
i-src.jar

src-jar:

build:

jar:
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\icu4j
     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\icu4j

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 30 seconds

The following are some targets that you can provide to ant. For more targets run ant -projecthelp or see the build.xml file.

For more information, read the Ant documentation and the build.xml file.

Note: If you get an OutOfMemoryError when you are running "ant check", you can set the heap size of the jvm by setting the environment variable JVM_OPTIONS to the appropriate java options.

Eclipse users: See the ICU4J site for information on how to configure Eclipse to build and develop ICU4J on Eclipse IDE.

Note: To install and configure ICU4J Locale Service Provider, please refer the user guide page ICU4J Locale Service Provider.

Trying Out ICU4J

Note: the demos provided with ICU4J are for the most part undocumented. This list can show you where to look, but you'll have to experiment a bit. The demos are unsupported and may change or disappear without notice.

The icu4j.jar file contains only the ICU4J runtime library classes, not the demo classes, so unless you build ICU4J there is little to try out.

Charset

java -cp $icu4j_root/icu4j.jar:$icu4j_root/icu4j-charset.jar <your program>

Other demos

The other demo programs are not supported and exist only to let you experiment with the ICU4J classes. First, build ICU4J using ant jarDemos. Then launch the demos as below:

java -jar $icu4j_root/icu4jdemos.jar

ICU4J Resource Information

By default the ICU4J distribution includes all of the standard resource information. It is located under the directory com/ibm/icu/impl/data. Depending on the service, the data is in different locations and in different formats. Note: This will continue to change from release to release, so clients should not depend on the exact organization of the data in ICU4J.

• The primary locale data is under the directory icudt68b, as a set of ".res" files whose names are the locale identifiers. Locale naming is documented the com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale class, and the use of these names in searching for resources is documented in com.ibm.icu.util.UResourceBundle.
• The break iterator data is under the directory icudt68b/brkitr, as a set of ".res", ".brk" and ".dict" files.
• The collation data is under the directory icudt68b/coll, as a set of ".res" files.
• The currency display name data is under the directory icudt68b/curr, as a set of ".res" files.
• The language display name data is under the directory icudt68b/lang, as a set of ".res" files.
• The rule-based number format data is under the directory icudt68b/rbnf, as a set of ".res" files.
• The region display name data is under the directory icudt68b/region, as a set of ".res" files.
• The rule-based transliterator data is under the directory icudt68b/translit, as a set of ".res" files.
• The measurement unit data is under the directory icudt68b/unit, as a set of ".res" files.
• The time zone display name data is under the directory icudt68b/zone, as a set of ".res" files.
• The character property data and default unicode collation algorithm (UCA) data is found under the directory icudt68b, as a set of ".icu" files.
• The normalization data is found under the directory icudt68b, as a set of ".nrm" files.
• The character set converter data is under the directory icudt68b, as a set of ".cnv" files. These files are currently included only in icu-charset.jar.
• The time zone rule data is under the directory icudt68b, as zoneinfo64.res.
• The holiday data is under the directory icudt68b, as a set of ".class" files, named "HolidayBundle_" followed by the locale ID.

Some of the data files alias or otherwise reference data from other data files. One reason for this is because some locale names have changed. For example, he_IL used to be iw_IL. In order to support both names but not duplicate the data, one of the resource files refers to the other file's data. In other cases, a file may alias a portion of another file's data in order to save space. Currently ICU4J provides no tool for revealing these dependencies.

Note: Java's Locale class silently converts the language code "he" to "iw" when you construct the Locale (for versions of Java through Java 5). Thus Java cannot be used to locate resources that use the "he" language code. ICU, on the other hand, does not perform this conversion in ULocale, and instead uses aliasing in the locale data to represent the same set of data under different locale ids.

Resource files that use locale ids form a hierarchy, with up to four levels: a root, language, region (country), and variant. Searches for locale data attempt to match as far down the hierarchy as possible, for example, "he_IL" will match he_IL, but "he_US" will match he (since there is no US variant for he, and "xx_YY will match root (the default fallback locale) since there is no xx language code in the locale hierarchy. Again, see java.util.ResourceBundle for more information.

Currently ICU4J provides no tool for revealing these dependencies between data files, so trimming the data directly in the ICU4J project is a hit-or-miss affair. The key point when you remove data is to make sure to remove all dependencies on that data as well. For example, if you remove he.res, you need to remove he_IL.res, since it is lower in the hierarchy, and you must remove iw.res, since it references he.res, and iw_IL.res, since it depends on it (and also references he_IL.res).

Unfortunately, the jar tool in the JDK provides no way to remove items from a jar file. Thus you have to extract the resources, remove the ones you don't want, and then create a new jar file with the remining resources. See the jar tool information for how to do this. Before 'rejaring' the files, be sure to thoroughly test your application with the remaining resources, making sure each required resource is present.

Using additional resource files with ICU4J

Warning: Resource file formats can change across releases of ICU4J!

The format of ICU4J resources is not part of the API. Clients who develop their own resources for use with ICU4J should be prepared to regenerate them when they move to new releases of ICU4J.

We are still developing ICU4J's resource mechanism. Currently it is not possible to mix icu's new binary .res resources with traditional java-style .class or .txt resources. We might allow for this in a future release, but since the resource data and format is not formally supported, you run the risk of incompatibilities with future releases of ICU4J.

Resource data in ICU4J is checked in to the repository as a jar file containing the resource binaries, $icu4j_root/main/shared/data/icudata.jar. This means that inspecting the contents of these resources is difficult. They currently are compiled from ICU4C .txt file data. You can view the contents of the ICU4C text resource files to understand the contents of the ICU4J resources.

The files in icudata.jar get extracted to com/ibm/icu/impl/data in the build output directory by some build targets.

Building ICU4J Resources from ICU4C

Generating Data from CLDR

1. Checkout or download CLDR version 'release-38'
2. Checkout ICU with tag 'release-68-2'
3. cd to icu4c/source/data directory
4. Follow the instructions in icu4c/source/data/cldr-icu-readme.txt
5. Rebuild ICU4C with the newly generated data.
6. Run ICU4C tests to verify that the new data is good.
7. Build ICU4J data from ICU4C data by following the procedures in icu4j/source/data/icu4j-readme.txt
8. cd to icu4j dir
9. Build and test icu4j

About ICU4J Time Zone

ICU4J library includes the latest time zone data, as of the release date. However, time zone data is frequently updated in response to changes made by local governments around the world. If you need to update the time zone data, please refer the ICU user guide topic Updating the Time Zone Data.

You can optionally configure ICU4J date and time service classes to use underlying JDK TimeZone implementation (see the ICU4J API reference TimeZone for the details). When this configuration is enabled, ICU's own time zone data won't be used and you have to get time zone data patches from the JRE vendor.

Where to Find More Information

http://www.icu-project.org/ is the home page of International Components for Unicode development project

Submitting Comments, Requesting Features and Reporting Bugs

Your comments are important to making ICU4J successful. We are committed to investigate any bug reports or suggestions, and will use your feedback to help plan future releases.

To submit comments, request features and report bugs, please see ICU bug database information or contact us through the ICU Support mailing list. While we are not able to respond individually to each comment, we do review all comments.

Thank you for your interest in ICU4J!

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