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1 //===- InlineAdvisor.cpp - analysis pass implementation -------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file implements InlineAdvisorAnalysis and DefaultInlineAdvisor, and
10 // related types.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 
14 #include "llvm/Analysis/InlineAdvisor.h"
15 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
16 #include "llvm/Analysis/InlineCost.h"
17 #include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
18 #include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
19 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
20 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
21 #include "llvm/IR/DebugInfoMetadata.h"
22 #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
23 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
24 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
25 
26 #include <sstream>
27 
28 using namespace llvm;
29 #define DEBUG_TYPE "inline"
30 
31 // This weirdly named statistic tracks the number of times that, when attempting
32 // to inline a function A into B, we analyze the callers of B in order to see
33 // if those would be more profitable and blocked inline steps.
34 STATISTIC(NumCallerCallersAnalyzed, "Number of caller-callers analyzed");
35 
36 /// Flag to add inline messages as callsite attributes 'inline-remark'.
37 static cl::opt<bool>
38     InlineRemarkAttribute("inline-remark-attribute", cl::init(false),
39                           cl::Hidden,
40                           cl::desc("Enable adding inline-remark attribute to"
41                                    " callsites processed by inliner but decided"
42                                    " to be not inlined"));
43 
44 // An integer used to limit the cost of inline deferral.  The default negative
45 // number tells shouldBeDeferred to only take the secondary cost into account.
46 static cl::opt<int>
47     InlineDeferralScale("inline-deferral-scale",
48                         cl::desc("Scale to limit the cost of inline deferral"),
49                         cl::init(2), cl::Hidden);
50 
51 namespace {
52 class DefaultInlineAdvice : public InlineAdvice {
53 public:
DefaultInlineAdvice(DefaultInlineAdvisor * Advisor,CallBase & CB,Optional<InlineCost> OIC,OptimizationRemarkEmitter & ORE)54   DefaultInlineAdvice(DefaultInlineAdvisor *Advisor, CallBase &CB,
55                       Optional<InlineCost> OIC, OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE)
56       : InlineAdvice(Advisor, CB, ORE, OIC.hasValue()), OriginalCB(&CB),
57         OIC(OIC) {}
58 
59 private:
recordUnsuccessfulInliningImpl(const InlineResult & Result)60   void recordUnsuccessfulInliningImpl(const InlineResult &Result) override {
61     using namespace ore;
62     llvm::setInlineRemark(*OriginalCB, std::string(Result.getFailureReason()) +
63                                            "; " + inlineCostStr(*OIC));
64     ORE.emit([&]() {
65       return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "NotInlined", DLoc, Block)
66              << NV("Callee", Callee) << " will not be inlined into "
67              << NV("Caller", Caller) << ": "
68              << NV("Reason", Result.getFailureReason());
69     });
70   }
71 
recordInliningWithCalleeDeletedImpl()72   void recordInliningWithCalleeDeletedImpl() override {
73     emitInlinedInto(ORE, DLoc, Block, *Callee, *Caller, *OIC);
74   }
75 
recordInliningImpl()76   void recordInliningImpl() override {
77     emitInlinedInto(ORE, DLoc, Block, *Callee, *Caller, *OIC);
78   }
79 
80 private:
81   CallBase *const OriginalCB;
82   Optional<InlineCost> OIC;
83 };
84 
85 } // namespace
86 
getDefaultInlineAdvice(CallBase & CB,FunctionAnalysisManager & FAM,const InlineParams & Params)87 llvm::Optional<llvm::InlineCost> static getDefaultInlineAdvice(
88     CallBase &CB, FunctionAnalysisManager &FAM, const InlineParams &Params) {
89   Function &Caller = *CB.getCaller();
90   ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI =
91       FAM.getResult<ModuleAnalysisManagerFunctionProxy>(Caller)
92           .getCachedResult<ProfileSummaryAnalysis>(
93               *CB.getParent()->getParent()->getParent());
94 
95   auto &ORE = FAM.getResult<OptimizationRemarkEmitterAnalysis>(Caller);
96   auto GetAssumptionCache = [&](Function &F) -> AssumptionCache & {
97     return FAM.getResult<AssumptionAnalysis>(F);
98   };
99   auto GetBFI = [&](Function &F) -> BlockFrequencyInfo & {
100     return FAM.getResult<BlockFrequencyAnalysis>(F);
101   };
102   auto GetTLI = [&](Function &F) -> const TargetLibraryInfo & {
103     return FAM.getResult<TargetLibraryAnalysis>(F);
104   };
105 
106   auto GetInlineCost = [&](CallBase &CB) {
107     Function &Callee = *CB.getCalledFunction();
108     auto &CalleeTTI = FAM.getResult<TargetIRAnalysis>(Callee);
109     bool RemarksEnabled =
110         Callee.getContext().getDiagHandlerPtr()->isMissedOptRemarkEnabled(
111             DEBUG_TYPE);
112     return getInlineCost(CB, Params, CalleeTTI, GetAssumptionCache, GetTLI,
113                          GetBFI, PSI, RemarksEnabled ? &ORE : nullptr);
114   };
115   return llvm::shouldInline(CB, GetInlineCost, ORE,
116                             Params.EnableDeferral.hasValue() &&
117                                 Params.EnableDeferral.getValue());
118 }
119 
getAdvice(CallBase & CB)120 std::unique_ptr<InlineAdvice> DefaultInlineAdvisor::getAdvice(CallBase &CB) {
121   auto OIC = getDefaultInlineAdvice(CB, FAM, Params);
122   return std::make_unique<DefaultInlineAdvice>(
123       this, CB, OIC,
124       FAM.getResult<OptimizationRemarkEmitterAnalysis>(*CB.getCaller()));
125 }
126 
InlineAdvice(InlineAdvisor * Advisor,CallBase & CB,OptimizationRemarkEmitter & ORE,bool IsInliningRecommended)127 InlineAdvice::InlineAdvice(InlineAdvisor *Advisor, CallBase &CB,
128                            OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE,
129                            bool IsInliningRecommended)
130     : Advisor(Advisor), Caller(CB.getCaller()), Callee(CB.getCalledFunction()),
131       DLoc(CB.getDebugLoc()), Block(CB.getParent()), ORE(ORE),
132       IsInliningRecommended(IsInliningRecommended) {}
133 
markFunctionAsDeleted(Function * F)134 void InlineAdvisor::markFunctionAsDeleted(Function *F) {
135   assert((!DeletedFunctions.count(F)) &&
136          "Cannot put cause a function to become dead twice!");
137   DeletedFunctions.insert(F);
138 }
139 
freeDeletedFunctions()140 void InlineAdvisor::freeDeletedFunctions() {
141   for (auto *F : DeletedFunctions)
142     delete F;
143   DeletedFunctions.clear();
144 }
145 
recordInliningWithCalleeDeleted()146 void InlineAdvice::recordInliningWithCalleeDeleted() {
147   markRecorded();
148   Advisor->markFunctionAsDeleted(Callee);
149   recordInliningWithCalleeDeletedImpl();
150 }
151 
152 AnalysisKey InlineAdvisorAnalysis::Key;
153 
tryCreate(InlineParams Params,InliningAdvisorMode Mode)154 bool InlineAdvisorAnalysis::Result::tryCreate(InlineParams Params,
155                                               InliningAdvisorMode Mode) {
156   auto &FAM = MAM.getResult<FunctionAnalysisManagerModuleProxy>(M).getManager();
157   switch (Mode) {
158   case InliningAdvisorMode::Default:
159     Advisor.reset(new DefaultInlineAdvisor(FAM, Params));
160     break;
161   case InliningAdvisorMode::MandatoryOnly:
162     Advisor.reset(new MandatoryInlineAdvisor(FAM));
163     break;
164   case InliningAdvisorMode::Development:
165 #ifdef LLVM_HAVE_TF_API
166     Advisor =
167         llvm::getDevelopmentModeAdvisor(M, MAM, [&FAM, Params](CallBase &CB) {
168           auto OIC = getDefaultInlineAdvice(CB, FAM, Params);
169           return OIC.hasValue();
170         });
171 #endif
172     break;
173   case InliningAdvisorMode::Release:
174 #ifdef LLVM_HAVE_TF_AOT
175     Advisor = llvm::getReleaseModeAdvisor(M, MAM);
176 #endif
177     break;
178   }
179   return !!Advisor;
180 }
181 
182 /// Return true if inlining of CB can block the caller from being
183 /// inlined which is proved to be more beneficial. \p IC is the
184 /// estimated inline cost associated with callsite \p CB.
185 /// \p TotalSecondaryCost will be set to the estimated cost of inlining the
186 /// caller if \p CB is suppressed for inlining.
187 static bool
shouldBeDeferred(Function * Caller,InlineCost IC,int & TotalSecondaryCost,function_ref<InlineCost (CallBase & CB)> GetInlineCost)188 shouldBeDeferred(Function *Caller, InlineCost IC, int &TotalSecondaryCost,
189                  function_ref<InlineCost(CallBase &CB)> GetInlineCost) {
190   // For now we only handle local or inline functions.
191   if (!Caller->hasLocalLinkage() && !Caller->hasLinkOnceODRLinkage())
192     return false;
193   // If the cost of inlining CB is non-positive, it is not going to prevent the
194   // caller from being inlined into its callers and hence we don't need to
195   // defer.
196   if (IC.getCost() <= 0)
197     return false;
198   // Try to detect the case where the current inlining candidate caller (call
199   // it B) is a static or linkonce-ODR function and is an inlining candidate
200   // elsewhere, and the current candidate callee (call it C) is large enough
201   // that inlining it into B would make B too big to inline later. In these
202   // circumstances it may be best not to inline C into B, but to inline B into
203   // its callers.
204   //
205   // This only applies to static and linkonce-ODR functions because those are
206   // expected to be available for inlining in the translation units where they
207   // are used. Thus we will always have the opportunity to make local inlining
208   // decisions. Importantly the linkonce-ODR linkage covers inline functions
209   // and templates in C++.
210   //
211   // FIXME: All of this logic should be sunk into getInlineCost. It relies on
212   // the internal implementation of the inline cost metrics rather than
213   // treating them as truly abstract units etc.
214   TotalSecondaryCost = 0;
215   // The candidate cost to be imposed upon the current function.
216   int CandidateCost = IC.getCost() - 1;
217   // If the caller has local linkage and can be inlined to all its callers, we
218   // can apply a huge negative bonus to TotalSecondaryCost.
219   bool ApplyLastCallBonus = Caller->hasLocalLinkage() && !Caller->hasOneUse();
220   // This bool tracks what happens if we DO inline C into B.
221   bool InliningPreventsSomeOuterInline = false;
222   unsigned NumCallerUsers = 0;
223   for (User *U : Caller->users()) {
224     CallBase *CS2 = dyn_cast<CallBase>(U);
225 
226     // If this isn't a call to Caller (it could be some other sort
227     // of reference) skip it.  Such references will prevent the caller
228     // from being removed.
229     if (!CS2 || CS2->getCalledFunction() != Caller) {
230       ApplyLastCallBonus = false;
231       continue;
232     }
233 
234     InlineCost IC2 = GetInlineCost(*CS2);
235     ++NumCallerCallersAnalyzed;
236     if (!IC2) {
237       ApplyLastCallBonus = false;
238       continue;
239     }
240     if (IC2.isAlways())
241       continue;
242 
243     // See if inlining of the original callsite would erase the cost delta of
244     // this callsite. We subtract off the penalty for the call instruction,
245     // which we would be deleting.
246     if (IC2.getCostDelta() <= CandidateCost) {
247       InliningPreventsSomeOuterInline = true;
248       TotalSecondaryCost += IC2.getCost();
249       NumCallerUsers++;
250     }
251   }
252 
253   if (!InliningPreventsSomeOuterInline)
254     return false;
255 
256   // If all outer calls to Caller would get inlined, the cost for the last
257   // one is set very low by getInlineCost, in anticipation that Caller will
258   // be removed entirely.  We did not account for this above unless there
259   // is only one caller of Caller.
260   if (ApplyLastCallBonus)
261     TotalSecondaryCost -= InlineConstants::LastCallToStaticBonus;
262 
263   // If InlineDeferralScale is negative, then ignore the cost of primary
264   // inlining -- IC.getCost() multiplied by the number of callers to Caller.
265   if (InlineDeferralScale < 0)
266     return TotalSecondaryCost < IC.getCost();
267 
268   int TotalCost = TotalSecondaryCost + IC.getCost() * NumCallerUsers;
269   int Allowance = IC.getCost() * InlineDeferralScale;
270   return TotalCost < Allowance;
271 }
272 
273 namespace llvm {
operator <<(std::basic_ostream<char> & R,const ore::NV & Arg)274 static std::basic_ostream<char> &operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char> &R,
275                                             const ore::NV &Arg) {
276   return R << Arg.Val;
277 }
278 
279 template <class RemarkT>
operator <<(RemarkT && R,const InlineCost & IC)280 RemarkT &operator<<(RemarkT &&R, const InlineCost &IC) {
281   using namespace ore;
282   if (IC.isAlways()) {
283     R << "(cost=always)";
284   } else if (IC.isNever()) {
285     R << "(cost=never)";
286   } else {
287     R << "(cost=" << ore::NV("Cost", IC.getCost())
288       << ", threshold=" << ore::NV("Threshold", IC.getThreshold()) << ")";
289   }
290   if (const char *Reason = IC.getReason())
291     R << ": " << ore::NV("Reason", Reason);
292   return R;
293 }
294 } // namespace llvm
295 
inlineCostStr(const InlineCost & IC)296 std::string llvm::inlineCostStr(const InlineCost &IC) {
297   std::stringstream Remark;
298   Remark << IC;
299   return Remark.str();
300 }
301 
setInlineRemark(CallBase & CB,StringRef Message)302 void llvm::setInlineRemark(CallBase &CB, StringRef Message) {
303   if (!InlineRemarkAttribute)
304     return;
305 
306   Attribute Attr = Attribute::get(CB.getContext(), "inline-remark", Message);
307   CB.addAttribute(AttributeList::FunctionIndex, Attr);
308 }
309 
310 /// Return the cost only if the inliner should attempt to inline at the given
311 /// CallSite. If we return the cost, we will emit an optimisation remark later
312 /// using that cost, so we won't do so from this function. Return None if
313 /// inlining should not be attempted.
314 Optional<InlineCost>
shouldInline(CallBase & CB,function_ref<InlineCost (CallBase & CB)> GetInlineCost,OptimizationRemarkEmitter & ORE,bool EnableDeferral)315 llvm::shouldInline(CallBase &CB,
316                    function_ref<InlineCost(CallBase &CB)> GetInlineCost,
317                    OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE, bool EnableDeferral) {
318   using namespace ore;
319 
320   InlineCost IC = GetInlineCost(CB);
321   Instruction *Call = &CB;
322   Function *Callee = CB.getCalledFunction();
323   Function *Caller = CB.getCaller();
324 
325   if (IC.isAlways()) {
326     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    Inlining " << inlineCostStr(IC)
327                       << ", Call: " << CB << "\n");
328     return IC;
329   }
330 
331   if (!IC) {
332     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    NOT Inlining " << inlineCostStr(IC)
333                       << ", Call: " << CB << "\n");
334     if (IC.isNever()) {
335       ORE.emit([&]() {
336         return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "NeverInline", Call)
337                << NV("Callee", Callee) << " not inlined into "
338                << NV("Caller", Caller) << " because it should never be inlined "
339                << IC;
340       });
341     } else {
342       ORE.emit([&]() {
343         return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "TooCostly", Call)
344                << NV("Callee", Callee) << " not inlined into "
345                << NV("Caller", Caller) << " because too costly to inline "
346                << IC;
347       });
348     }
349     setInlineRemark(CB, inlineCostStr(IC));
350     return None;
351   }
352 
353   int TotalSecondaryCost = 0;
354   if (EnableDeferral &&
355       shouldBeDeferred(Caller, IC, TotalSecondaryCost, GetInlineCost)) {
356     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    NOT Inlining: " << CB
357                       << " Cost = " << IC.getCost()
358                       << ", outer Cost = " << TotalSecondaryCost << '\n');
359     ORE.emit([&]() {
360       return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "IncreaseCostInOtherContexts",
361                                       Call)
362              << "Not inlining. Cost of inlining " << NV("Callee", Callee)
363              << " increases the cost of inlining " << NV("Caller", Caller)
364              << " in other contexts";
365     });
366     setInlineRemark(CB, "deferred");
367     // IC does not bool() to false, so get an InlineCost that will.
368     // This will not be inspected to make an error message.
369     return None;
370   }
371 
372   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    Inlining " << inlineCostStr(IC) << ", Call: " << CB
373                     << '\n');
374   return IC;
375 }
376 
getCallSiteLocation(DebugLoc DLoc)377 std::string llvm::getCallSiteLocation(DebugLoc DLoc) {
378   std::ostringstream CallSiteLoc;
379   bool First = true;
380   for (DILocation *DIL = DLoc.get(); DIL; DIL = DIL->getInlinedAt()) {
381     if (!First)
382       CallSiteLoc << " @ ";
383     // Note that negative line offset is actually possible, but we use
384     // unsigned int to match line offset representation in remarks so
385     // it's directly consumable by relay advisor.
386     uint32_t Offset =
387         DIL->getLine() - DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getLine();
388     uint32_t Discriminator = DIL->getBaseDiscriminator();
389     StringRef Name = DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getLinkageName();
390     if (Name.empty())
391       Name = DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getName();
392     CallSiteLoc << Name.str() << ":" << llvm::utostr(Offset);
393     if (Discriminator) {
394       CallSiteLoc << "." << llvm::utostr(Discriminator);
395     }
396     First = false;
397   }
398 
399   return CallSiteLoc.str();
400 }
401 
addLocationToRemarks(OptimizationRemark & Remark,DebugLoc DLoc)402 void llvm::addLocationToRemarks(OptimizationRemark &Remark, DebugLoc DLoc) {
403   if (!DLoc.get()) {
404     return;
405   }
406 
407   bool First = true;
408   Remark << " at callsite ";
409   for (DILocation *DIL = DLoc.get(); DIL; DIL = DIL->getInlinedAt()) {
410     if (!First)
411       Remark << " @ ";
412     unsigned int Offset = DIL->getLine();
413     Offset -= DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getLine();
414     unsigned int Discriminator = DIL->getBaseDiscriminator();
415     StringRef Name = DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getLinkageName();
416     if (Name.empty())
417       Name = DIL->getScope()->getSubprogram()->getName();
418     Remark << Name << ":" << ore::NV("Line", Offset);
419     if (Discriminator)
420       Remark << "." << ore::NV("Disc", Discriminator);
421     First = false;
422   }
423 }
424 
emitInlinedInto(OptimizationRemarkEmitter & ORE,DebugLoc DLoc,const BasicBlock * Block,const Function & Callee,const Function & Caller,const InlineCost & IC,bool ForProfileContext,const char * PassName)425 void llvm::emitInlinedInto(OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE, DebugLoc DLoc,
426                            const BasicBlock *Block, const Function &Callee,
427                            const Function &Caller, const InlineCost &IC,
428                            bool ForProfileContext, const char *PassName) {
429   ORE.emit([&]() {
430     bool AlwaysInline = IC.isAlways();
431     StringRef RemarkName = AlwaysInline ? "AlwaysInline" : "Inlined";
432     OptimizationRemark Remark(PassName ? PassName : DEBUG_TYPE, RemarkName,
433                               DLoc, Block);
434     Remark << ore::NV("Callee", &Callee) << " inlined into ";
435     Remark << ore::NV("Caller", &Caller);
436     if (ForProfileContext)
437       Remark << " to match profiling context";
438     Remark << " with " << IC;
439     addLocationToRemarks(Remark, DLoc);
440     return Remark;
441   });
442 }
443 
getAdvice(CallBase & CB)444 std::unique_ptr<InlineAdvice> MandatoryInlineAdvisor::getAdvice(CallBase &CB) {
445   auto &Caller = *CB.getCaller();
446   auto &Callee = *CB.getCalledFunction();
447   auto &ORE = FAM.getResult<OptimizationRemarkEmitterAnalysis>(Caller);
448 
449   bool Advice = MandatoryInliningKind::Always ==
450                     MandatoryInlineAdvisor::getMandatoryKind(CB, FAM, ORE) &&
451                 &Caller != &Callee;
452   return std::make_unique<InlineAdvice>(this, CB, ORE, Advice);
453 }
454 
455 MandatoryInlineAdvisor::MandatoryInliningKind
getMandatoryKind(CallBase & CB,FunctionAnalysisManager & FAM,OptimizationRemarkEmitter & ORE)456 MandatoryInlineAdvisor::getMandatoryKind(CallBase &CB,
457                                          FunctionAnalysisManager &FAM,
458                                          OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE) {
459   auto &Callee = *CB.getCalledFunction();
460 
461   auto GetTLI = [&](Function &F) -> const TargetLibraryInfo & {
462     return FAM.getResult<TargetLibraryAnalysis>(F);
463   };
464 
465   auto &TIR = FAM.getResult<TargetIRAnalysis>(Callee);
466 
467   auto TrivialDecision =
468       llvm::getAttributeBasedInliningDecision(CB, &Callee, TIR, GetTLI);
469 
470   if (TrivialDecision.hasValue()) {
471     if (TrivialDecision->isSuccess())
472       return MandatoryInliningKind::Always;
473     else
474       return MandatoryInliningKind::Never;
475   }
476   return MandatoryInliningKind::NotMandatory;
477 }
478