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1#
2# XML-RPC CLIENT LIBRARY
3# $Id$
4#
5# an XML-RPC client interface for Python.
6#
7# the marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
8# implement XML-RPC servers.
9#
10# Notes:
11# this version is designed to work with Python 2.1 or newer.
12#
13# History:
14# 1999-01-14 fl  Created
15# 1999-01-15 fl  Changed dateTime to use localtime
16# 1999-01-16 fl  Added Binary/base64 element, default to RPC2 service
17# 1999-01-19 fl  Fixed array data element (from Skip Montanaro)
18# 1999-01-21 fl  Fixed dateTime constructor, etc.
19# 1999-02-02 fl  Added fault handling, handle empty sequences, etc.
20# 1999-02-10 fl  Fixed problem with empty responses (from Skip Montanaro)
21# 1999-06-20 fl  Speed improvements, pluggable parsers/transports (0.9.8)
22# 2000-11-28 fl  Changed boolean to check the truth value of its argument
23# 2001-02-24 fl  Added encoding/Unicode/SafeTransport patches
24# 2001-02-26 fl  Added compare support to wrappers (0.9.9/1.0b1)
25# 2001-03-28 fl  Make sure response tuple is a singleton
26# 2001-03-29 fl  Don't require empty params element (from Nicholas Riley)
27# 2001-06-10 fl  Folded in _xmlrpclib accelerator support (1.0b2)
28# 2001-08-20 fl  Base xmlrpclib.Error on built-in Exception (from Paul Prescod)
29# 2001-09-03 fl  Allow Transport subclass to override getparser
30# 2001-09-10 fl  Lazy import of urllib, cgi, xmllib (20x import speedup)
31# 2001-10-01 fl  Remove containers from memo cache when done with them
32# 2001-10-01 fl  Use faster escape method (80% dumps speedup)
33# 2001-10-02 fl  More dumps microtuning
34# 2001-10-04 fl  Make sure import expat gets a parser (from Guido van Rossum)
35# 2001-10-10 sm  Allow long ints to be passed as ints if they don't overflow
36# 2001-10-17 sm  Test for int and long overflow (allows use on 64-bit systems)
37# 2001-11-12 fl  Use repr() to marshal doubles (from Paul Felix)
38# 2002-03-17 fl  Avoid buffered read when possible (from James Rucker)
39# 2002-04-07 fl  Added pythondoc comments
40# 2002-04-16 fl  Added __str__ methods to datetime/binary wrappers
41# 2002-05-15 fl  Added error constants (from Andrew Kuchling)
42# 2002-06-27 fl  Merged with Python CVS version
43# 2002-10-22 fl  Added basic authentication (based on code from Phillip Eby)
44# 2003-01-22 sm  Add support for the bool type
45# 2003-02-27 gvr Remove apply calls
46# 2003-04-24 sm  Use cStringIO if available
47# 2003-04-25 ak  Add support for nil
48# 2003-06-15 gn  Add support for time.struct_time
49# 2003-07-12 gp  Correct marshalling of Faults
50# 2003-10-31 mvl Add multicall support
51# 2004-08-20 mvl Bump minimum supported Python version to 2.1
52# 2014-12-02 ch/doko  Add workaround for gzip bomb vulnerability
53#
54# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB.
55# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
56#
57# info@pythonware.com
58# http://www.pythonware.com
59#
60# --------------------------------------------------------------------
61# The XML-RPC client interface is
62#
63# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
64# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
65#
66# By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
67# associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
68# and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
69#
70# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
71# its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
72# hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
73# all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
74# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
75# Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
76# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
77# prior permission.
78#
79# SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
80# TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
81# ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
82# BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
83# DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
84# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
85# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
86# OF THIS SOFTWARE.
87# --------------------------------------------------------------------
88
89"""
90An XML-RPC client interface for Python.
91
92The marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
93implement XML-RPC servers.
94
95Exported exceptions:
96
97  Error          Base class for client errors
98  ProtocolError  Indicates an HTTP protocol error
99  ResponseError  Indicates a broken response package
100  Fault          Indicates an XML-RPC fault package
101
102Exported classes:
103
104  ServerProxy    Represents a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
105
106  MultiCall      Executor of boxcared xmlrpc requests
107  DateTime       dateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
108                 localtime integer value to generate a "dateTime.iso8601"
109                 XML-RPC value
110  Binary         binary data wrapper
111
112  Marshaller     Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure
113  Unmarshaller   Unmarshal an XML-RPC response from incoming XML event message
114  Transport      Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server
115  SafeTransport  Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server
116
117Exported constants:
118
119  (none)
120
121Exported functions:
122
123  getparser      Create instance of the fastest available parser & attach
124                 to an unmarshalling object
125  dumps          Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
126                 request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
127  loads          Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
128                 name (None if not present).
129"""
130
131import base64
132import sys
133import time
134from datetime import datetime
135from decimal import Decimal
136import http.client
137import urllib.parse
138from xml.parsers import expat
139import errno
140from io import BytesIO
141try:
142    import gzip
143except ImportError:
144    gzip = None #python can be built without zlib/gzip support
145
146# --------------------------------------------------------------------
147# Internal stuff
148
149def escape(s):
150    s = s.replace("&", "&")
151    s = s.replace("<", "&lt;")
152    return s.replace(">", "&gt;",)
153
154# used in User-Agent header sent
155__version__ = '%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]
156
157# xmlrpc integer limits
158MAXINT =  2**31-1
159MININT = -2**31
160
161# --------------------------------------------------------------------
162# Error constants (from Dan Libby's specification at
163# http://xmlrpc-epi.sourceforge.net/specs/rfc.fault_codes.php)
164
165# Ranges of errors
166PARSE_ERROR       = -32700
167SERVER_ERROR      = -32600
168APPLICATION_ERROR = -32500
169SYSTEM_ERROR      = -32400
170TRANSPORT_ERROR   = -32300
171
172# Specific errors
173NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR  = -32700
174UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING  = -32701
175INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR = -32702
176INVALID_XMLRPC        = -32600
177METHOD_NOT_FOUND      = -32601
178INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = -32602
179INTERNAL_ERROR        = -32603
180
181# --------------------------------------------------------------------
182# Exceptions
183
184##
185# Base class for all kinds of client-side errors.
186
187class Error(Exception):
188    """Base class for client errors."""
189    __str__ = object.__str__
190
191##
192# Indicates an HTTP-level protocol error.  This is raised by the HTTP
193# transport layer, if the server returns an error code other than 200
194# (OK).
195#
196# @param url The target URL.
197# @param errcode The HTTP error code.
198# @param errmsg The HTTP error message.
199# @param headers The HTTP header dictionary.
200
201class ProtocolError(Error):
202    """Indicates an HTTP protocol error."""
203    def __init__(self, url, errcode, errmsg, headers):
204        Error.__init__(self)
205        self.url = url
206        self.errcode = errcode
207        self.errmsg = errmsg
208        self.headers = headers
209    def __repr__(self):
210        return (
211            "<%s for %s: %s %s>" %
212            (self.__class__.__name__, self.url, self.errcode, self.errmsg)
213            )
214
215##
216# Indicates a broken XML-RPC response package.  This exception is
217# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response is
218# malformed.
219
220class ResponseError(Error):
221    """Indicates a broken response package."""
222    pass
223
224##
225# Indicates an XML-RPC fault response package.  This exception is
226# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response contains
227# a fault string.  This exception can also be used as a class, to
228# generate a fault XML-RPC message.
229#
230# @param faultCode The XML-RPC fault code.
231# @param faultString The XML-RPC fault string.
232
233class Fault(Error):
234    """Indicates an XML-RPC fault package."""
235    def __init__(self, faultCode, faultString, **extra):
236        Error.__init__(self)
237        self.faultCode = faultCode
238        self.faultString = faultString
239    def __repr__(self):
240        return "<%s %s: %r>" % (self.__class__.__name__,
241                                self.faultCode, self.faultString)
242
243# --------------------------------------------------------------------
244# Special values
245
246##
247# Backwards compatibility
248
249boolean = Boolean = bool
250
251##
252# Wrapper for XML-RPC DateTime values.  This converts a time value to
253# the format used by XML-RPC.
254# <p>
255# The value can be given as a datetime object, as a string in the
256# format "yyyymmddThh:mm:ss", as a 9-item time tuple (as returned by
257# time.localtime()), or an integer value (as returned by time.time()).
258# The wrapper uses time.localtime() to convert an integer to a time
259# tuple.
260#
261# @param value The time, given as a datetime object, an ISO 8601 string,
262#              a time tuple, or an integer time value.
263
264
265# Issue #13305: different format codes across platforms
266_day0 = datetime(1, 1, 1)
267if _day0.strftime('%Y') == '0001':      # Mac OS X
268    def _iso8601_format(value):
269        return value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
270elif _day0.strftime('%4Y') == '0001':   # Linux
271    def _iso8601_format(value):
272        return value.strftime("%4Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
273else:
274    def _iso8601_format(value):
275        return value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S").zfill(17)
276del _day0
277
278
279def _strftime(value):
280    if isinstance(value, datetime):
281        return _iso8601_format(value)
282
283    if not isinstance(value, (tuple, time.struct_time)):
284        if value == 0:
285            value = time.time()
286        value = time.localtime(value)
287
288    return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % value[:6]
289
290class DateTime:
291    """DateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
292    localtime integer value to generate 'dateTime.iso8601' XML-RPC
293    value.
294    """
295
296    def __init__(self, value=0):
297        if isinstance(value, str):
298            self.value = value
299        else:
300            self.value = _strftime(value)
301
302    def make_comparable(self, other):
303        if isinstance(other, DateTime):
304            s = self.value
305            o = other.value
306        elif isinstance(other, datetime):
307            s = self.value
308            o = _iso8601_format(other)
309        elif isinstance(other, str):
310            s = self.value
311            o = other
312        elif hasattr(other, "timetuple"):
313            s = self.timetuple()
314            o = other.timetuple()
315        else:
316            s = self
317            o = NotImplemented
318        return s, o
319
320    def __lt__(self, other):
321        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
322        if o is NotImplemented:
323            return NotImplemented
324        return s < o
325
326    def __le__(self, other):
327        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
328        if o is NotImplemented:
329            return NotImplemented
330        return s <= o
331
332    def __gt__(self, other):
333        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
334        if o is NotImplemented:
335            return NotImplemented
336        return s > o
337
338    def __ge__(self, other):
339        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
340        if o is NotImplemented:
341            return NotImplemented
342        return s >= o
343
344    def __eq__(self, other):
345        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
346        if o is NotImplemented:
347            return NotImplemented
348        return s == o
349
350    def timetuple(self):
351        return time.strptime(self.value, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
352
353    ##
354    # Get date/time value.
355    #
356    # @return Date/time value, as an ISO 8601 string.
357
358    def __str__(self):
359        return self.value
360
361    def __repr__(self):
362        return "<%s %r at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.value, id(self))
363
364    def decode(self, data):
365        self.value = str(data).strip()
366
367    def encode(self, out):
368        out.write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
369        out.write(self.value)
370        out.write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
371
372def _datetime(data):
373    # decode xml element contents into a DateTime structure.
374    value = DateTime()
375    value.decode(data)
376    return value
377
378def _datetime_type(data):
379    return datetime.strptime(data, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
380
381##
382# Wrapper for binary data.  This can be used to transport any kind
383# of binary data over XML-RPC, using BASE64 encoding.
384#
385# @param data An 8-bit string containing arbitrary data.
386
387class Binary:
388    """Wrapper for binary data."""
389
390    def __init__(self, data=None):
391        if data is None:
392            data = b""
393        else:
394            if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
395                raise TypeError("expected bytes or bytearray, not %s" %
396                                data.__class__.__name__)
397            data = bytes(data)  # Make a copy of the bytes!
398        self.data = data
399
400    ##
401    # Get buffer contents.
402    #
403    # @return Buffer contents, as an 8-bit string.
404
405    def __str__(self):
406        return str(self.data, "latin-1")  # XXX encoding?!
407
408    def __eq__(self, other):
409        if isinstance(other, Binary):
410            other = other.data
411        return self.data == other
412
413    def decode(self, data):
414        self.data = base64.decodebytes(data)
415
416    def encode(self, out):
417        out.write("<value><base64>\n")
418        encoded = base64.encodebytes(self.data)
419        out.write(encoded.decode('ascii'))
420        out.write("</base64></value>\n")
421
422def _binary(data):
423    # decode xml element contents into a Binary structure
424    value = Binary()
425    value.decode(data)
426    return value
427
428WRAPPERS = (DateTime, Binary)
429
430# --------------------------------------------------------------------
431# XML parsers
432
433class ExpatParser:
434    # fast expat parser for Python 2.0 and later.
435    def __init__(self, target):
436        self._parser = parser = expat.ParserCreate(None, None)
437        self._target = target
438        parser.StartElementHandler = target.start
439        parser.EndElementHandler = target.end
440        parser.CharacterDataHandler = target.data
441        encoding = None
442        target.xml(encoding, None)
443
444    def feed(self, data):
445        self._parser.Parse(data, False)
446
447    def close(self):
448        try:
449            parser = self._parser
450        except AttributeError:
451            pass
452        else:
453            del self._target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
454            parser.Parse(b"", True) # end of data
455
456# --------------------------------------------------------------------
457# XML-RPC marshalling and unmarshalling code
458
459##
460# XML-RPC marshaller.
461#
462# @param encoding Default encoding for 8-bit strings.  The default
463#     value is None (interpreted as UTF-8).
464# @see dumps
465
466class Marshaller:
467    """Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure.
468
469    Create a Marshaller instance for each set of parameters, and use
470    the "dumps" method to convert your data (represented as a tuple)
471    to an XML-RPC params chunk.  To write a fault response, pass a
472    Fault instance instead.  You may prefer to use the "dumps" module
473    function for this purpose.
474    """
475
476    # by the way, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
477    # that's perfectly ok.
478
479    def __init__(self, encoding=None, allow_none=False):
480        self.memo = {}
481        self.data = None
482        self.encoding = encoding
483        self.allow_none = allow_none
484
485    dispatch = {}
486
487    def dumps(self, values):
488        out = []
489        write = out.append
490        dump = self.__dump
491        if isinstance(values, Fault):
492            # fault instance
493            write("<fault>\n")
494            dump({'faultCode': values.faultCode,
495                  'faultString': values.faultString},
496                 write)
497            write("</fault>\n")
498        else:
499            # parameter block
500            # FIXME: the xml-rpc specification allows us to leave out
501            # the entire <params> block if there are no parameters.
502            # however, changing this may break older code (including
503            # old versions of xmlrpclib.py), so this is better left as
504            # is for now.  See @XMLRPC3 for more information. /F
505            write("<params>\n")
506            for v in values:
507                write("<param>\n")
508                dump(v, write)
509                write("</param>\n")
510            write("</params>\n")
511        result = "".join(out)
512        return result
513
514    def __dump(self, value, write):
515        try:
516            f = self.dispatch[type(value)]
517        except KeyError:
518            # check if this object can be marshalled as a structure
519            if not hasattr(value, '__dict__'):
520                raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
521            # check if this class is a sub-class of a basic type,
522            # because we don't know how to marshal these types
523            # (e.g. a string sub-class)
524            for type_ in type(value).__mro__:
525                if type_ in self.dispatch.keys():
526                    raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
527            # XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
528            # for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
529            f = self.dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"]
530        f(self, value, write)
531
532    def dump_nil (self, value, write):
533        if not self.allow_none:
534            raise TypeError("cannot marshal None unless allow_none is enabled")
535        write("<value><nil/></value>")
536    dispatch[type(None)] = dump_nil
537
538    def dump_bool(self, value, write):
539        write("<value><boolean>")
540        write(value and "1" or "0")
541        write("</boolean></value>\n")
542    dispatch[bool] = dump_bool
543
544    def dump_long(self, value, write):
545        if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
546            raise OverflowError("int exceeds XML-RPC limits")
547        write("<value><int>")
548        write(str(int(value)))
549        write("</int></value>\n")
550    dispatch[int] = dump_long
551
552    # backward compatible
553    dump_int = dump_long
554
555    def dump_double(self, value, write):
556        write("<value><double>")
557        write(repr(value))
558        write("</double></value>\n")
559    dispatch[float] = dump_double
560
561    def dump_unicode(self, value, write, escape=escape):
562        write("<value><string>")
563        write(escape(value))
564        write("</string></value>\n")
565    dispatch[str] = dump_unicode
566
567    def dump_bytes(self, value, write):
568        write("<value><base64>\n")
569        encoded = base64.encodebytes(value)
570        write(encoded.decode('ascii'))
571        write("</base64></value>\n")
572    dispatch[bytes] = dump_bytes
573    dispatch[bytearray] = dump_bytes
574
575    def dump_array(self, value, write):
576        i = id(value)
577        if i in self.memo:
578            raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive sequences")
579        self.memo[i] = None
580        dump = self.__dump
581        write("<value><array><data>\n")
582        for v in value:
583            dump(v, write)
584        write("</data></array></value>\n")
585        del self.memo[i]
586    dispatch[tuple] = dump_array
587    dispatch[list] = dump_array
588
589    def dump_struct(self, value, write, escape=escape):
590        i = id(value)
591        if i in self.memo:
592            raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive dictionaries")
593        self.memo[i] = None
594        dump = self.__dump
595        write("<value><struct>\n")
596        for k, v in value.items():
597            write("<member>\n")
598            if not isinstance(k, str):
599                raise TypeError("dictionary key must be string")
600            write("<name>%s</name>\n" % escape(k))
601            dump(v, write)
602            write("</member>\n")
603        write("</struct></value>\n")
604        del self.memo[i]
605    dispatch[dict] = dump_struct
606
607    def dump_datetime(self, value, write):
608        write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
609        write(_strftime(value))
610        write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
611    dispatch[datetime] = dump_datetime
612
613    def dump_instance(self, value, write):
614        # check for special wrappers
615        if value.__class__ in WRAPPERS:
616            self.write = write
617            value.encode(self)
618            del self.write
619        else:
620            # store instance attributes as a struct (really?)
621            self.dump_struct(value.__dict__, write)
622    dispatch[DateTime] = dump_instance
623    dispatch[Binary] = dump_instance
624    # XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
625    # for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
626    dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"] = dump_instance
627
628##
629# XML-RPC unmarshaller.
630#
631# @see loads
632
633class Unmarshaller:
634    """Unmarshal an XML-RPC response, based on incoming XML event
635    messages (start, data, end).  Call close() to get the resulting
636    data structure.
637
638    Note that this reader is fairly tolerant, and gladly accepts bogus
639    XML-RPC data without complaining (but not bogus XML).
640    """
641
642    # and again, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
643    # that's perfectly ok.
644
645    def __init__(self, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
646        self._type = None
647        self._stack = []
648        self._marks = []
649        self._data = []
650        self._value = False
651        self._methodname = None
652        self._encoding = "utf-8"
653        self.append = self._stack.append
654        self._use_datetime = use_builtin_types or use_datetime
655        self._use_bytes = use_builtin_types
656
657    def close(self):
658        # return response tuple and target method
659        if self._type is None or self._marks:
660            raise ResponseError()
661        if self._type == "fault":
662            raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
663        return tuple(self._stack)
664
665    def getmethodname(self):
666        return self._methodname
667
668    #
669    # event handlers
670
671    def xml(self, encoding, standalone):
672        self._encoding = encoding
673        # FIXME: assert standalone == 1 ???
674
675    def start(self, tag, attrs):
676        # prepare to handle this element
677        if ':' in tag:
678            tag = tag.split(':')[-1]
679        if tag == "array" or tag == "struct":
680            self._marks.append(len(self._stack))
681        self._data = []
682        if self._value and tag not in self.dispatch:
683            raise ResponseError("unknown tag %r" % tag)
684        self._value = (tag == "value")
685
686    def data(self, text):
687        self._data.append(text)
688
689    def end(self, tag):
690        # call the appropriate end tag handler
691        try:
692            f = self.dispatch[tag]
693        except KeyError:
694            if ':' not in tag:
695                return # unknown tag ?
696            try:
697                f = self.dispatch[tag.split(':')[-1]]
698            except KeyError:
699                return # unknown tag ?
700        return f(self, "".join(self._data))
701
702    #
703    # accelerator support
704
705    def end_dispatch(self, tag, data):
706        # dispatch data
707        try:
708            f = self.dispatch[tag]
709        except KeyError:
710            if ':' not in tag:
711                return # unknown tag ?
712            try:
713                f = self.dispatch[tag.split(':')[-1]]
714            except KeyError:
715                return # unknown tag ?
716        return f(self, data)
717
718    #
719    # element decoders
720
721    dispatch = {}
722
723    def end_nil (self, data):
724        self.append(None)
725        self._value = 0
726    dispatch["nil"] = end_nil
727
728    def end_boolean(self, data):
729        if data == "0":
730            self.append(False)
731        elif data == "1":
732            self.append(True)
733        else:
734            raise TypeError("bad boolean value")
735        self._value = 0
736    dispatch["boolean"] = end_boolean
737
738    def end_int(self, data):
739        self.append(int(data))
740        self._value = 0
741    dispatch["i1"] = end_int
742    dispatch["i2"] = end_int
743    dispatch["i4"] = end_int
744    dispatch["i8"] = end_int
745    dispatch["int"] = end_int
746    dispatch["biginteger"] = end_int
747
748    def end_double(self, data):
749        self.append(float(data))
750        self._value = 0
751    dispatch["double"] = end_double
752    dispatch["float"] = end_double
753
754    def end_bigdecimal(self, data):
755        self.append(Decimal(data))
756        self._value = 0
757    dispatch["bigdecimal"] = end_bigdecimal
758
759    def end_string(self, data):
760        if self._encoding:
761            data = data.decode(self._encoding)
762        self.append(data)
763        self._value = 0
764    dispatch["string"] = end_string
765    dispatch["name"] = end_string # struct keys are always strings
766
767    def end_array(self, data):
768        mark = self._marks.pop()
769        # map arrays to Python lists
770        self._stack[mark:] = [self._stack[mark:]]
771        self._value = 0
772    dispatch["array"] = end_array
773
774    def end_struct(self, data):
775        mark = self._marks.pop()
776        # map structs to Python dictionaries
777        dict = {}
778        items = self._stack[mark:]
779        for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
780            dict[items[i]] = items[i+1]
781        self._stack[mark:] = [dict]
782        self._value = 0
783    dispatch["struct"] = end_struct
784
785    def end_base64(self, data):
786        value = Binary()
787        value.decode(data.encode("ascii"))
788        if self._use_bytes:
789            value = value.data
790        self.append(value)
791        self._value = 0
792    dispatch["base64"] = end_base64
793
794    def end_dateTime(self, data):
795        value = DateTime()
796        value.decode(data)
797        if self._use_datetime:
798            value = _datetime_type(data)
799        self.append(value)
800    dispatch["dateTime.iso8601"] = end_dateTime
801
802    def end_value(self, data):
803        # if we stumble upon a value element with no internal
804        # elements, treat it as a string element
805        if self._value:
806            self.end_string(data)
807    dispatch["value"] = end_value
808
809    def end_params(self, data):
810        self._type = "params"
811    dispatch["params"] = end_params
812
813    def end_fault(self, data):
814        self._type = "fault"
815    dispatch["fault"] = end_fault
816
817    def end_methodName(self, data):
818        if self._encoding:
819            data = data.decode(self._encoding)
820        self._methodname = data
821        self._type = "methodName" # no params
822    dispatch["methodName"] = end_methodName
823
824## Multicall support
825#
826
827class _MultiCallMethod:
828    # some lesser magic to store calls made to a MultiCall object
829    # for batch execution
830    def __init__(self, call_list, name):
831        self.__call_list = call_list
832        self.__name = name
833    def __getattr__(self, name):
834        return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
835    def __call__(self, *args):
836        self.__call_list.append((self.__name, args))
837
838class MultiCallIterator:
839    """Iterates over the results of a multicall. Exceptions are
840    raised in response to xmlrpc faults."""
841
842    def __init__(self, results):
843        self.results = results
844
845    def __getitem__(self, i):
846        item = self.results[i]
847        if type(item) == type({}):
848            raise Fault(item['faultCode'], item['faultString'])
849        elif type(item) == type([]):
850            return item[0]
851        else:
852            raise ValueError("unexpected type in multicall result")
853
854class MultiCall:
855    """server -> an object used to boxcar method calls
856
857    server should be a ServerProxy object.
858
859    Methods can be added to the MultiCall using normal
860    method call syntax e.g.:
861
862    multicall = MultiCall(server_proxy)
863    multicall.add(2,3)
864    multicall.get_address("Guido")
865
866    To execute the multicall, call the MultiCall object e.g.:
867
868    add_result, address = multicall()
869    """
870
871    def __init__(self, server):
872        self.__server = server
873        self.__call_list = []
874
875    def __repr__(self):
876        return "<%s at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))
877
878    def __getattr__(self, name):
879        return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, name)
880
881    def __call__(self):
882        marshalled_list = []
883        for name, args in self.__call_list:
884            marshalled_list.append({'methodName' : name, 'params' : args})
885
886        return MultiCallIterator(self.__server.system.multicall(marshalled_list))
887
888# --------------------------------------------------------------------
889# convenience functions
890
891FastMarshaller = FastParser = FastUnmarshaller = None
892
893##
894# Create a parser object, and connect it to an unmarshalling instance.
895# This function picks the fastest available XML parser.
896#
897# return A (parser, unmarshaller) tuple.
898
899def getparser(use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
900    """getparser() -> parser, unmarshaller
901
902    Create an instance of the fastest available parser, and attach it
903    to an unmarshalling object.  Return both objects.
904    """
905    if FastParser and FastUnmarshaller:
906        if use_builtin_types:
907            mkdatetime = _datetime_type
908            mkbytes = base64.decodebytes
909        elif use_datetime:
910            mkdatetime = _datetime_type
911            mkbytes = _binary
912        else:
913            mkdatetime = _datetime
914            mkbytes = _binary
915        target = FastUnmarshaller(True, False, mkbytes, mkdatetime, Fault)
916        parser = FastParser(target)
917    else:
918        target = Unmarshaller(use_datetime=use_datetime, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
919        if FastParser:
920            parser = FastParser(target)
921        else:
922            parser = ExpatParser(target)
923    return parser, target
924
925##
926# Convert a Python tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC packet.
927#
928# @def dumps(params, **options)
929# @param params A tuple or Fault instance.
930# @keyparam methodname If given, create a methodCall request for
931#     this method name.
932# @keyparam methodresponse If given, create a methodResponse packet.
933#     If used with a tuple, the tuple must be a singleton (that is,
934#     it must contain exactly one element).
935# @keyparam encoding The packet encoding.
936# @return A string containing marshalled data.
937
938def dumps(params, methodname=None, methodresponse=None, encoding=None,
939          allow_none=False):
940    """data [,options] -> marshalled data
941
942    Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
943    request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
944
945    In addition to the data object, the following options can be given
946    as keyword arguments:
947
948        methodname: the method name for a methodCall packet
949
950        methodresponse: true to create a methodResponse packet.
951        If this option is used with a tuple, the tuple must be
952        a singleton (i.e. it can contain only one element).
953
954        encoding: the packet encoding (default is UTF-8)
955
956    All byte strings in the data structure are assumed to use the
957    packet encoding.  Unicode strings are automatically converted,
958    where necessary.
959    """
960
961    assert isinstance(params, (tuple, Fault)), "argument must be tuple or Fault instance"
962    if isinstance(params, Fault):
963        methodresponse = 1
964    elif methodresponse and isinstance(params, tuple):
965        assert len(params) == 1, "response tuple must be a singleton"
966
967    if not encoding:
968        encoding = "utf-8"
969
970    if FastMarshaller:
971        m = FastMarshaller(encoding)
972    else:
973        m = Marshaller(encoding, allow_none)
974
975    data = m.dumps(params)
976
977    if encoding != "utf-8":
978        xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % str(encoding)
979    else:
980        xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" # utf-8 is default
981
982    # standard XML-RPC wrappings
983    if methodname:
984        # a method call
985        data = (
986            xmlheader,
987            "<methodCall>\n"
988            "<methodName>", methodname, "</methodName>\n",
989            data,
990            "</methodCall>\n"
991            )
992    elif methodresponse:
993        # a method response, or a fault structure
994        data = (
995            xmlheader,
996            "<methodResponse>\n",
997            data,
998            "</methodResponse>\n"
999            )
1000    else:
1001        return data # return as is
1002    return "".join(data)
1003
1004##
1005# Convert an XML-RPC packet to a Python object.  If the XML-RPC packet
1006# represents a fault condition, this function raises a Fault exception.
1007#
1008# @param data An XML-RPC packet, given as an 8-bit string.
1009# @return A tuple containing the unpacked data, and the method name
1010#     (None if not present).
1011# @see Fault
1012
1013def loads(data, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
1014    """data -> unmarshalled data, method name
1015
1016    Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
1017    name (None if not present).
1018
1019    If the XML-RPC packet represents a fault condition, this function
1020    raises a Fault exception.
1021    """
1022    p, u = getparser(use_datetime=use_datetime, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
1023    p.feed(data)
1024    p.close()
1025    return u.close(), u.getmethodname()
1026
1027##
1028# Encode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
1029# Content-Encoding: gzip
1030# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
1031#
1032# @param data the unencoded data
1033# @return the encoded data
1034
1035def gzip_encode(data):
1036    """data -> gzip encoded data
1037
1038    Encode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
1039    """
1040    if not gzip:
1041        raise NotImplementedError
1042    f = BytesIO()
1043    with gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=f, compresslevel=1) as gzf:
1044        gzf.write(data)
1045    return f.getvalue()
1046
1047##
1048# Decode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
1049# Content-Encoding: gzip
1050# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
1051#
1052# @param data The encoded data
1053# @keyparam max_decode Maximum bytes to decode (20 MiB default), use negative
1054#    values for unlimited decoding
1055# @return the unencoded data
1056# @raises ValueError if data is not correctly coded.
1057# @raises ValueError if max gzipped payload length exceeded
1058
1059def gzip_decode(data, max_decode=20971520):
1060    """gzip encoded data -> unencoded data
1061
1062    Decode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
1063    """
1064    if not gzip:
1065        raise NotImplementedError
1066    with gzip.GzipFile(mode="rb", fileobj=BytesIO(data)) as gzf:
1067        try:
1068            if max_decode < 0: # no limit
1069                decoded = gzf.read()
1070            else:
1071                decoded = gzf.read(max_decode + 1)
1072        except OSError:
1073            raise ValueError("invalid data")
1074    if max_decode >= 0 and len(decoded) > max_decode:
1075        raise ValueError("max gzipped payload length exceeded")
1076    return decoded
1077
1078##
1079# Return a decoded file-like object for the gzip encoding
1080# as described in RFC 1952.
1081#
1082# @param response A stream supporting a read() method
1083# @return a file-like object that the decoded data can be read() from
1084
1085class GzipDecodedResponse(gzip.GzipFile if gzip else object):
1086    """a file-like object to decode a response encoded with the gzip
1087    method, as described in RFC 1952.
1088    """
1089    def __init__(self, response):
1090        #response doesn't support tell() and read(), required by
1091        #GzipFile
1092        if not gzip:
1093            raise NotImplementedError
1094        self.io = BytesIO(response.read())
1095        gzip.GzipFile.__init__(self, mode="rb", fileobj=self.io)
1096
1097    def close(self):
1098        try:
1099            gzip.GzipFile.close(self)
1100        finally:
1101            self.io.close()
1102
1103
1104# --------------------------------------------------------------------
1105# request dispatcher
1106
1107class _Method:
1108    # some magic to bind an XML-RPC method to an RPC server.
1109    # supports "nested" methods (e.g. examples.getStateName)
1110    def __init__(self, send, name):
1111        self.__send = send
1112        self.__name = name
1113    def __getattr__(self, name):
1114        return _Method(self.__send, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
1115    def __call__(self, *args):
1116        return self.__send(self.__name, args)
1117
1118##
1119# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTP.
1120# <p>
1121# You can create custom transports by subclassing this method, and
1122# overriding selected methods.
1123
1124class Transport:
1125    """Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
1126
1127    # client identifier (may be overridden)
1128    user_agent = "Python-xmlrpc/%s" % __version__
1129
1130    #if true, we'll request gzip encoding
1131    accept_gzip_encoding = True
1132
1133    # if positive, encode request using gzip if it exceeds this threshold
1134    # note that many servers will get confused, so only use it if you know
1135    # that they can decode such a request
1136    encode_threshold = None #None = don't encode
1137
1138    def __init__(self, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False,
1139                 *, headers=()):
1140        self._use_datetime = use_datetime
1141        self._use_builtin_types = use_builtin_types
1142        self._connection = (None, None)
1143        self._headers = list(headers)
1144        self._extra_headers = []
1145
1146    ##
1147    # Send a complete request, and parse the response.
1148    # Retry request if a cached connection has disconnected.
1149    #
1150    # @param host Target host.
1151    # @param handler Target PRC handler.
1152    # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
1153    # @param verbose Debugging flag.
1154    # @return Parsed response.
1155
1156    def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
1157        #retry request once if cached connection has gone cold
1158        for i in (0, 1):
1159            try:
1160                return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
1161            except http.client.RemoteDisconnected:
1162                if i:
1163                    raise
1164            except OSError as e:
1165                if i or e.errno not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ECONNABORTED,
1166                                        errno.EPIPE):
1167                    raise
1168
1169    def single_request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
1170        # issue XML-RPC request
1171        try:
1172            http_conn = self.send_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
1173            resp = http_conn.getresponse()
1174            if resp.status == 200:
1175                self.verbose = verbose
1176                return self.parse_response(resp)
1177
1178        except Fault:
1179            raise
1180        except Exception:
1181            #All unexpected errors leave connection in
1182            # a strange state, so we clear it.
1183            self.close()
1184            raise
1185
1186        #We got an error response.
1187        #Discard any response data and raise exception
1188        if resp.getheader("content-length", ""):
1189            resp.read()
1190        raise ProtocolError(
1191            host + handler,
1192            resp.status, resp.reason,
1193            dict(resp.getheaders())
1194            )
1195
1196
1197    ##
1198    # Create parser.
1199    #
1200    # @return A 2-tuple containing a parser and an unmarshaller.
1201
1202    def getparser(self):
1203        # get parser and unmarshaller
1204        return getparser(use_datetime=self._use_datetime,
1205                         use_builtin_types=self._use_builtin_types)
1206
1207    ##
1208    # Get authorization info from host parameter
1209    # Host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple; if a string,
1210    # it is checked for a "user:pw@host" format, and a "Basic
1211    # Authentication" header is added if appropriate.
1212    #
1213    # @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
1214    # @return A 3-tuple containing (actual host, extra headers,
1215    #     x509 info).  The header and x509 fields may be None.
1216
1217    def get_host_info(self, host):
1218
1219        x509 = {}
1220        if isinstance(host, tuple):
1221            host, x509 = host
1222
1223        auth, host = urllib.parse._splituser(host)
1224
1225        if auth:
1226            auth = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(auth)
1227            auth = base64.encodebytes(auth).decode("utf-8")
1228            auth = "".join(auth.split()) # get rid of whitespace
1229            extra_headers = [
1230                ("Authorization", "Basic " + auth)
1231                ]
1232        else:
1233            extra_headers = []
1234
1235        return host, extra_headers, x509
1236
1237    ##
1238    # Connect to server.
1239    #
1240    # @param host Target host.
1241    # @return An HTTPConnection object
1242
1243    def make_connection(self, host):
1244        #return an existing connection if possible.  This allows
1245        #HTTP/1.1 keep-alive.
1246        if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
1247            return self._connection[1]
1248        # create a HTTP connection object from a host descriptor
1249        chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
1250        self._connection = host, http.client.HTTPConnection(chost)
1251        return self._connection[1]
1252
1253    ##
1254    # Clear any cached connection object.
1255    # Used in the event of socket errors.
1256    #
1257    def close(self):
1258        host, connection = self._connection
1259        if connection:
1260            self._connection = (None, None)
1261            connection.close()
1262
1263    ##
1264    # Send HTTP request.
1265    #
1266    # @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
1267    # @param handler Target RPC handler (a path relative to host)
1268    # @param request_body The XML-RPC request body
1269    # @param debug Enable debugging if debug is true.
1270    # @return An HTTPConnection.
1271
1272    def send_request(self, host, handler, request_body, debug):
1273        connection = self.make_connection(host)
1274        headers = self._headers + self._extra_headers
1275        if debug:
1276            connection.set_debuglevel(1)
1277        if self.accept_gzip_encoding and gzip:
1278            connection.putrequest("POST", handler, skip_accept_encoding=True)
1279            headers.append(("Accept-Encoding", "gzip"))
1280        else:
1281            connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
1282        headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/xml"))
1283        headers.append(("User-Agent", self.user_agent))
1284        self.send_headers(connection, headers)
1285        self.send_content(connection, request_body)
1286        return connection
1287
1288    ##
1289    # Send request headers.
1290    # This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
1291    #
1292    # @param connection httpConnection.
1293    # @param headers list of key,value pairs for HTTP headers
1294
1295    def send_headers(self, connection, headers):
1296        for key, val in headers:
1297            connection.putheader(key, val)
1298
1299    ##
1300    # Send request body.
1301    # This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
1302    #
1303    # @param connection httpConnection.
1304    # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
1305
1306    def send_content(self, connection, request_body):
1307        #optionally encode the request
1308        if (self.encode_threshold is not None and
1309            self.encode_threshold < len(request_body) and
1310            gzip):
1311            connection.putheader("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
1312            request_body = gzip_encode(request_body)
1313
1314        connection.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(request_body)))
1315        connection.endheaders(request_body)
1316
1317    ##
1318    # Parse response.
1319    #
1320    # @param file Stream.
1321    # @return Response tuple and target method.
1322
1323    def parse_response(self, response):
1324        # read response data from httpresponse, and parse it
1325        # Check for new http response object, otherwise it is a file object.
1326        if hasattr(response, 'getheader'):
1327            if response.getheader("Content-Encoding", "") == "gzip":
1328                stream = GzipDecodedResponse(response)
1329            else:
1330                stream = response
1331        else:
1332            stream = response
1333
1334        p, u = self.getparser()
1335
1336        while 1:
1337            data = stream.read(1024)
1338            if not data:
1339                break
1340            if self.verbose:
1341                print("body:", repr(data))
1342            p.feed(data)
1343
1344        if stream is not response:
1345            stream.close()
1346        p.close()
1347
1348        return u.close()
1349
1350##
1351# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTPS.
1352
1353class SafeTransport(Transport):
1354    """Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
1355
1356    def __init__(self, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False,
1357                 *, headers=(), context=None):
1358        super().__init__(use_datetime=use_datetime,
1359                         use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types,
1360                         headers=headers)
1361        self.context = context
1362
1363    # FIXME: mostly untested
1364
1365    def make_connection(self, host):
1366        if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
1367            return self._connection[1]
1368
1369        if not hasattr(http.client, "HTTPSConnection"):
1370            raise NotImplementedError(
1371            "your version of http.client doesn't support HTTPS")
1372        # create a HTTPS connection object from a host descriptor
1373        # host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple
1374        chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
1375        self._connection = host, http.client.HTTPSConnection(chost,
1376            None, context=self.context, **(x509 or {}))
1377        return self._connection[1]
1378
1379##
1380# Standard server proxy.  This class establishes a virtual connection
1381# to an XML-RPC server.
1382# <p>
1383# This class is available as ServerProxy and Server.  New code should
1384# use ServerProxy, to avoid confusion.
1385#
1386# @def ServerProxy(uri, **options)
1387# @param uri The connection point on the server.
1388# @keyparam transport A transport factory, compatible with the
1389#    standard transport class.
1390# @keyparam encoding The default encoding used for 8-bit strings
1391#    (default is UTF-8).
1392# @keyparam verbose Use a true value to enable debugging output.
1393#    (printed to standard output).
1394# @see Transport
1395
1396class ServerProxy:
1397    """uri [,options] -> a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
1398
1399    uri is the connection point on the server, given as
1400    scheme://host/target.
1401
1402    The standard implementation always supports the "http" scheme.  If
1403    SSL socket support is available (Python 2.0), it also supports
1404    "https".
1405
1406    If the target part and the slash preceding it are both omitted,
1407    "/RPC2" is assumed.
1408
1409    The following options can be given as keyword arguments:
1410
1411        transport: a transport factory
1412        encoding: the request encoding (default is UTF-8)
1413
1414    All 8-bit strings passed to the server proxy are assumed to use
1415    the given encoding.
1416    """
1417
1418    def __init__(self, uri, transport=None, encoding=None, verbose=False,
1419                 allow_none=False, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False,
1420                 *, headers=(), context=None):
1421        # establish a "logical" server connection
1422
1423        # get the url
1424        p = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
1425        if p.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
1426            raise OSError("unsupported XML-RPC protocol")
1427        self.__host = p.netloc
1428        self.__handler = p.path or "/RPC2"
1429
1430        if transport is None:
1431            if p.scheme == "https":
1432                handler = SafeTransport
1433                extra_kwargs = {"context": context}
1434            else:
1435                handler = Transport
1436                extra_kwargs = {}
1437            transport = handler(use_datetime=use_datetime,
1438                                use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types,
1439                                headers=headers,
1440                                **extra_kwargs)
1441        self.__transport = transport
1442
1443        self.__encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
1444        self.__verbose = verbose
1445        self.__allow_none = allow_none
1446
1447    def __close(self):
1448        self.__transport.close()
1449
1450    def __request(self, methodname, params):
1451        # call a method on the remote server
1452
1453        request = dumps(params, methodname, encoding=self.__encoding,
1454                        allow_none=self.__allow_none).encode(self.__encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
1455
1456        response = self.__transport.request(
1457            self.__host,
1458            self.__handler,
1459            request,
1460            verbose=self.__verbose
1461            )
1462
1463        if len(response) == 1:
1464            response = response[0]
1465
1466        return response
1467
1468    def __repr__(self):
1469        return (
1470            "<%s for %s%s>" %
1471            (self.__class__.__name__, self.__host, self.__handler)
1472            )
1473
1474    def __getattr__(self, name):
1475        # magic method dispatcher
1476        return _Method(self.__request, name)
1477
1478    # note: to call a remote object with a non-standard name, use
1479    # result getattr(server, "strange-python-name")(args)
1480
1481    def __call__(self, attr):
1482        """A workaround to get special attributes on the ServerProxy
1483           without interfering with the magic __getattr__
1484        """
1485        if attr == "close":
1486            return self.__close
1487        elif attr == "transport":
1488            return self.__transport
1489        raise AttributeError("Attribute %r not found" % (attr,))
1490
1491    def __enter__(self):
1492        return self
1493
1494    def __exit__(self, *args):
1495        self.__close()
1496
1497# compatibility
1498
1499Server = ServerProxy
1500
1501# --------------------------------------------------------------------
1502# test code
1503
1504if __name__ == "__main__":
1505
1506    # simple test program (from the XML-RPC specification)
1507
1508    # local server, available from Lib/xmlrpc/server.py
1509    server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000")
1510
1511    try:
1512        print(server.currentTime.getCurrentTime())
1513    except Error as v:
1514        print("ERROR", v)
1515
1516    multi = MultiCall(server)
1517    multi.getData()
1518    multi.pow(2,9)
1519    multi.add(1,2)
1520    try:
1521        for response in multi():
1522            print(response)
1523    except Error as v:
1524        print("ERROR", v)
1525