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87 </script> 88 89 </div> 90 91 <main class="container"> 92 <div class="magick-template"> 93<div class="magick-header"> 94<p class="text-center"><a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#AcquireQuantizeInfo">AcquireQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#CloneQuantizeInfo">CloneQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#CompressImageColormap">CompressImageColormap</a> • <a href="quantize.html#DestroyQuantizeInfo">DestroyQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#GetImageQuantizeError">GetImageQuantizeError</a> • <a href="quantize.html#GetQuantizeInfo">GetQuantizeInfo</a> • <a href="quantize.html#KmeansImage">KmeansImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#PosterizeImage">PosterizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#QuantizeImages">QuantizeImages</a> • <a href="quantize.html#RemapImage">RemapImage</a> • <a href="quantize.html#RemapImages">RemapImages</a> • <a href="quantize.html#SetGrayscaleImage">SetGrayscaleImage</a></p> 95 96<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a></h2> 97 98<p>QuantizeImage() takes a standard RGB or monochrome images and quantizes them down to some fixed number of colors.</p> 99 100<p>For purposes of color allocation, an image is a set of n pixels, where each pixel is a point in RGB space. RGB space is a 3-dimensional vector space, and each pixel, Pi, is defined by an ordered triple of red, green, and blue coordinates, (Ri, Gi, Bi).</p> 101 102<p>Each primary color component (red, green, or blue) represents an intensity which varies linearly from 0 to a maximum value, Cmax, which corresponds to full saturation of that color. Color allocation is defined over a domain consisting of the cube in RGB space with opposite vertices at (0,0,0) and (Cmax, Cmax, Cmax). QUANTIZE requires Cmax = 255.</p> 103 104<p>The algorithm maps this domain onto a tree in which each node represents a cube within that domain. In the following discussion these cubes are defined by the coordinate of two opposite vertices (vertex nearest the origin in RGB space and the vertex farthest from the origin).</p> 105 106<p>The tree's root node represents the entire domain, (0,0,0) through (Cmax,Cmax,Cmax). Each lower level in the tree is generated by subdividing one node's cube into eight smaller cubes of equal size. This corresponds to bisecting the parent cube with planes passing through the midpoints of each edge.</p> 107 108<p>The basic algorithm operates in three phases: Classification, Reduction, and Assignment. Classification builds a color description tree for the image. Reduction collapses the tree until the number it represents, at most, the number of colors desired in the output image. Assignment defines the output image's color map and sets each pixel's color by restorage_class in the reduced tree. Our goal is to minimize the numerical discrepancies between the original colors and quantized colors (quantization error).</p> 109 110<p>Classification begins by initializing a color description tree of sufficient depth to represent each possible input color in a leaf. However, it is impractical to generate a fully-formed color description tree in the storage_class phase for realistic values of Cmax. If colors components in the input image are quantized to k-bit precision, so that Cmax= 2k-1, the tree would need k levels below the root node to allow representing each possible input color in a leaf. This becomes prohibitive because the tree's total number of nodes is 1 + sum(i=1, k, 8k).</p> 111 112<p>A complete tree would require 19,173,961 nodes for k = 8, Cmax = 255.</p> 113<dt>avoid building a fully populated tree, QUANTIZE</dt> 114<p>(1) Initializes data structures for nodes only as they are needed; (2) Chooses a maximum depth for the tree as a function of the desired number of colors in the output image (currently log2(colormap size)).</p> 115 116<p>For each pixel in the input image, storage_class scans downward from the root of the color description tree. At each level of the tree it identifies the single node which represents a cube in RGB space containing the pixel's color. It updates the following data for each such node:</p> 117 118<pre class="text"> 119 n1: Number of pixels whose color is contained in the RGB cube which 120 this node represents; 121</pre> 122 123<p>n2: Number of pixels whose color is not represented in a node at lower depth in the tree; initially, n2 = 0 for all nodes except leaves of the tree.</p> 124 125<p>Sr, Sg, Sb: Sums of the red, green, and blue component values for all pixels not classified at a lower depth. The combination of these sums and n2 will ultimately characterize the mean color of a set of pixels represented by this node.</p> 126 127<p>E: the distance squared in RGB space between each pixel contained within a node and the nodes' center. This represents the quantization error for a node.</p> 128 129<p>Reduction repeatedly prunes the tree until the number of nodes with n2 > 0 is less than or equal to the maximum number of colors allowed in the output image. On any given iteration over the tree, it selects those nodes whose E count is minimal for pruning and merges their color statistics upward. It uses a pruning threshold, Ep, to govern node selection as follows:</p> 130 131<dd> 132</dd> 133 134<dd> Ep = 0 while number of nodes with (n2 > 0) > required maximum number of colors prune all nodes such that E <= Ep Set Ep to minimum E in remaining nodes </dd> 135 136<dd> This has the effect of minimizing any quantization error when merging two nodes together. </dd> 137 138<dd> When a node to be pruned has offspring, the pruning procedure invokes itself recursively in order to prune the tree from the leaves upward. n2, Sr, Sg, and Sb in a node being pruned are always added to the corresponding data in that node's parent. This retains the pruned node's color characteristics for later averaging. </dd> 139 140<dd> For each node, n2 pixels exist for which that node represents the smallest volume in RGB space containing those pixel's colors. When n2 > 0 the node will uniquely define a color in the output image. At the beginning of reduction, n2 = 0 for all nodes except a the leaves of the tree which represent colors present in the input image. </dd> 141 142<dd> The other pixel count, n1, indicates the total number of colors within the cubic volume which the node represents. This includes n1 - n2 pixels whose colors should be defined by nodes at a lower level in the tree. </dd> 143 144<dd> Assignment generates the output image from the pruned tree. The output </dd> 145<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 146<dt>parts</dt> 147<dd>(1) A color map, which is an array of color descriptions (RGB triples) for each color present in the output image; (2) A pixel array, which represents each pixel as an index into the color map array. </dd> 148 149<dd> First, the assignment phase makes one pass over the pruned color description tree to establish the image's color map. For each node with n2 > 0, it divides Sr, Sg, and Sb by n2 . This produces the mean color of all pixels that classify no lower than this node. Each of these colors becomes an entry in the color map. </dd> 150 151<dd> Finally, the assignment phase reclassifies each pixel in the pruned tree to identify the deepest node containing the pixel's color. The pixel's value in the pixel array becomes the index of this node's mean color in the color map. </dd> 152 153<dd> This method is based on a similar algorithm written by Paul Raveling. </dd> 154 155<dd> </dd> 156</dl> 157<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="AcquireQuantizeInfo">AcquireQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 158 159<p>AcquireQuantizeInfo() allocates the QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 160 161<p>The format of the AcquireQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 162 163<pre class="text"> 164QuantizeInfo *AcquireQuantizeInfo(const ImageInfo *image_info) 165</pre> 166 167<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 168 169<dd> 170</dd> 171 172<dd> </dd> 173<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 174<dt>image_info</dt> 175<dd>the image info. </dd> 176 177<dd> </dd> 178</dl> 179<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="CloneQuantizeInfo">CloneQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 180 181<p>CloneQuantizeInfo() makes a duplicate of the given quantize info structure, or if quantize info is NULL, a new one.</p> 182 183<p>The format of the CloneQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 184 185<pre class="text"> 186QuantizeInfo *CloneQuantizeInfo(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 187</pre> 188 189<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 190 191<dd> 192</dd> 193 194<dd> </dd> 195<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 196<dt>clone_info</dt> 197<dd>Method CloneQuantizeInfo returns a duplicate of the given quantize info, or if image info is NULL a new one. </dd> 198 199<dd> </dd> 200<dt>quantize_info</dt> 201<dd>a structure of type info. </dd> 202 203<dd> </dd> 204</dl> 205<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="CompressImageColormap">CompressImageColormap</a></h2> 206 207<p>CompressImageColormap() compresses an image colormap by removing any duplicate or unused color entries.</p> 208 209<p>The format of the CompressImageColormap method is:</p> 210 211<pre class="text"> 212MagickBooleanType CompressImageColormap(Image *image, 213 ExceptionInfo *exception) 214</pre> 215 216<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 217 218<dd> 219</dd> 220 221<dd> </dd> 222<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 223<dt>image</dt> 224<dd>the image. </dd> 225 226<dd> </dd> 227<dt>exception</dt> 228<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 229 230<dd> </dd> 231</dl> 232<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="DestroyQuantizeInfo">DestroyQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 233 234<p>DestroyQuantizeInfo() deallocates memory associated with an QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 235 236<p>The format of the DestroyQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 237 238<pre class="text"> 239QuantizeInfo *DestroyQuantizeInfo(QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 240</pre> 241 242<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 243 244<dd> 245</dd> 246 247<dd> </dd> 248<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 249<dt>quantize_info</dt> 250<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 251 252<dd> </dd> 253</dl> 254<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="GetImageQuantizeError">GetImageQuantizeError</a></h2> 255 256<p>GetImageQuantizeError() measures the difference between the original and quantized images. This difference is the total quantization error. The error is computed by summing over all pixels in an image the distance squared in RGB space between each reference pixel value and its quantized value. These values are computed:</p> 257 258<pre class="text"> 259 o mean_error_per_pixel: This value is the mean error for any single 260pixel in the image. 261</pre> 262 263<dt>normalized_mean_square_error</dt> 264<p>This value is the normalized mean quantization error for any single pixel in the image. This distance measure is normalized to a range between 0 and 1. It is independent of the range of red, green, and blue values in the image.</p> 265 266<dt>normalized_maximum_square_error</dt> 267<p>Thsi value is the normalized maximum quantization error for any single pixel in the image. This distance measure is normalized to a range between 0 and 1. It is independent of the range of red, green, and blue values in your image.</p> 268 269<p>The format of the GetImageQuantizeError method is:</p> 270 271<pre class="text"> 272MagickBooleanType GetImageQuantizeError(Image *image, 273 ExceptionInfo *exception) 274</pre> 275 276<p>A description of each parameter follows.</p> 277 278<dt>image</dt> 279<p>the image.</p> 280 281<dt>exception</dt> 282<p>return any errors or warnings in this structure.</p> 283 284<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="GetQuantizeInfo">GetQuantizeInfo</a></h2> 285 286<p>GetQuantizeInfo() initializes the QuantizeInfo structure.</p> 287 288<p>The format of the GetQuantizeInfo method is:</p> 289 290<pre class="text"> 291GetQuantizeInfo(QuantizeInfo *quantize_info) 292</pre> 293 294<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 295 296<dd> 297</dd> 298 299<dd> </dd> 300<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 301<dt>quantize_info</dt> 302<dd>Specifies a pointer to a QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 303 304<dd> </dd> 305</dl> 306<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="KmeansImage">KmeansImage</a></h2> 307 308<p>KmeansImage() applies k-means color reduction to an image. This is a colorspace clustering or segmentation technique.</p> 309 310<p>The format of the KmeansImage method is:</p> 311 312<pre class="text"> 313MagickBooleanType KmeansImage(Image *image,const size_t number_colors, 314 const size_t max_iterations,const double tolerance, 315 ExceptionInfo *exception) 316</pre> 317 318<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 319 320<dd> 321</dd> 322 323<dd> </dd> 324<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 325<dt>image</dt> 326<dd>the image. </dd> 327 328<dd> </dd> 329<dt>number_colors</dt> 330<dd>number of colors to use as seeds. </dd> 331 332<dd> </dd> 333<dt>max_iterations</dt> 334<dd>maximum number of iterations while converging. </dd> 335 336<dd> </dd> 337<dt>tolerance</dt> 338<dd>the maximum tolerance. </dd> 339 340<dd> </dd> 341<dt>exception</dt> 342<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 343 344<dd> </dd> 345</dl> 346<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="PosterizeImage">PosterizeImage</a></h2> 347 348<p>PosterizeImage() reduces the image to a limited number of colors for a "poster" effect.</p> 349 350<p>The format of the PosterizeImage method is:</p> 351 352<pre class="text"> 353MagickBooleanType PosterizeImage(Image *image,const size_t levels, 354 const DitherMethod dither_method,ExceptionInfo *exception) 355</pre> 356 357<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 358 359<dd> 360</dd> 361 362<dd> </dd> 363<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 364<dt>image</dt> 365<dd>Specifies a pointer to an Image structure. </dd> 366 367<dd> </dd> 368<dt>levels</dt> 369<dd>Number of color levels allowed in each channel. Very low values (2, 3, or 4) have the most visible effect. </dd> 370 371<dd> </dd> 372<dt>dither_method</dt> 373<dd>choose from UndefinedDitherMethod, NoDitherMethod, RiemersmaDitherMethod, FloydSteinbergDitherMethod. </dd> 374 375<dd> </dd> 376<dt>exception</dt> 377<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 378 379<dd> </dd> 380</dl> 381<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImage">QuantizeImage</a></h2> 382 383<p>QuantizeImage() analyzes the colors within a reference image and chooses a fixed number of colors to represent the image. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the color difference between the input and output image while minimizing the processing time.</p> 384 385<p>The format of the QuantizeImage method is:</p> 386 387<pre class="text"> 388MagickBooleanType QuantizeImage(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 389 Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 390</pre> 391 392<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 393 394<dd> 395</dd> 396 397<dd> </dd> 398<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 399<dt>quantize_info</dt> 400<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 401 402<dd> </dd> 403<dt>image</dt> 404<dd>the image. </dd> 405 406<dd> </dd> 407<dt>exception</dt> 408<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 409 410<dd> </dd> 411</dl> 412<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="QuantizeImages">QuantizeImages</a></h2> 413 414<p>QuantizeImages() analyzes the colors within a set of reference images and chooses a fixed number of colors to represent the set. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the color difference between the input and output images while minimizing the processing time.</p> 415 416<p>The format of the QuantizeImages method is:</p> 417 418<pre class="text"> 419MagickBooleanType QuantizeImages(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 420 Image *images,ExceptionInfo *exception) 421</pre> 422 423<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 424 425<dd> 426</dd> 427 428<dd> </dd> 429<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 430<dt>quantize_info</dt> 431<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 432 433<dd> </dd> 434<dt>images</dt> 435<dd>Specifies a pointer to a list of Image structures. </dd> 436 437<dd> </dd> 438<dt>exception</dt> 439<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 440 441<dd> </dd> 442</dl> 443<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="RemapImage">RemapImage</a></h2> 444 445<p>RemapImage() replaces the colors of an image with the closest of the colors from the reference image.</p> 446 447<p>The format of the RemapImage method is:</p> 448 449<pre class="text"> 450MagickBooleanType RemapImage(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 451 Image *image,const Image *remap_image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 452</pre> 453 454<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 455 456<dd> 457</dd> 458 459<dd> </dd> 460<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 461<dt>quantize_info</dt> 462<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 463 464<dd> </dd> 465<dt>image</dt> 466<dd>the image. </dd> 467 468<dd> </dd> 469<dt>remap_image</dt> 470<dd>the reference image. </dd> 471 472<dd> </dd> 473<dt>exception</dt> 474<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 475 476<dd> </dd> 477</dl> 478<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="RemapImages">RemapImages</a></h2> 479 480<p>RemapImages() replaces the colors of a sequence of images with the closest color from a reference image.</p> 481 482<p>The format of the RemapImage method is:</p> 483 484<pre class="text"> 485MagickBooleanType RemapImages(const QuantizeInfo *quantize_info, 486 Image *images,Image *remap_image,ExceptionInfo *exception) 487</pre> 488 489<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 490 491<dd> 492</dd> 493 494<dd> </dd> 495<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 496<dt>quantize_info</dt> 497<dd>Specifies a pointer to an QuantizeInfo structure. </dd> 498 499<dd> </dd> 500<dt>images</dt> 501<dd>the image sequence. </dd> 502 503<dd> </dd> 504<dt>remap_image</dt> 505<dd>the reference image. </dd> 506 507<dd> </dd> 508<dt>exception</dt> 509<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 510 511<dd> </dd> 512</dl> 513<h2><a href="../../api/MagickCore/quantize_8c.html" id="SetGrayscaleImage">SetGrayscaleImage</a></h2> 514 515<p>SetGrayscaleImage() converts an image to a PseudoClass grayscale image.</p> 516 517<p>The format of the SetGrayscaleImage method is:</p> 518 519<pre class="text"> 520MagickBooleanType SetGrayscaleImage(Image *image, 521 ExceptionInfo *exception) 522</pre> 523 524<p>A description of each parameter follows:</p> 525 526<dd> 527</dd> 528 529<dd> </dd> 530<dl class="dl-horizontal"> 531<dt>image</dt> 532<dd>The image. </dd> 533 534<dd> </dd> 535<dt>exception</dt> 536<dd>return any errors or warnings in this structure. </dd> 537 538<dd> </dd> 539</dl> 540</div> 541 </div> 542 </main><!-- /.container --> 543 <footer class="magick-footer"> 544 <div class="container-fluid"> 545 <a href="../../www/security-policy.html">Security</a> • 546 <a href="../../www/news.html">News</a> 547 548 <a href="quantize.html#"><img class="d-inline" id="wand" alt="And Now a Touch of Magick" width="16" height="16" src="../../../images/wand.ico"/></a> 549 550 <a href="../../www/links.html">Related</a> • 551 <a href="../../www/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> 552 <br/> 553 <a href="../../www/support.html">Sponsor</a> • 554 <a href="../../www/cite.html">Cite</a> • 555 <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> • 556 <a 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