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href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">-adaptive-sharpen</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">-adjoin</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#alpha">-alpha</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#antialias">-antialias</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#append">-append</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#attenuate">-attenuate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#authenticate">-authenticate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">-auto-orient</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#auto-threshold">-auto-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#backdrop">-backdrop</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bench">-bench</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bilateral-blur">-bilateral-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">-black-point-compensation</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#blue-primary">-blue-primary</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#blue-shift">-blue-shift</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#borderwidth">-borderwidth</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">-brightness-contrast</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#cache">-cache</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#canny">-canny</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#caption">-caption</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#cdl">-cdl</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">-charcoal</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#channel-fx">-channel-fx</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clahe">-clahe</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">-clip-path</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clone">-clone</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#colorize">-colorize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#colormap">-colormap</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">-color-matrix</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">-colorspace</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#color-threshold">-color-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#comment">-comment</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#compare">-compare</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#connected-components">-connected-components</a> • <a 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href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#descend">-descend</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#deskew">-deskew</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">-despeckle</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#direction">-direction</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#displace">-displace</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#display">-display</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">-dissimilarity-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#dissolve">-dissolve</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#distribute-cache">-distribute-cache</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">-duplicate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#edge">-edge</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#emboss">-emboss</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#encoding">-encoding</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#endian">-endian</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#enhance">-enhance</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#equalize">-equalize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#extract">-extract</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#features">-features</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#flip">-flip</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#floodfill">-floodfill</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#flop">-flop</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#foreground">-foreground</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">-format[identify]</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#frame_import_">-frame[import]</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#grayscale">-grayscale</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">-green-primary</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#help">-help</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#highlight-color">-highlight-color</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#hough-lines">-hough-lines</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">-iconGeometry</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#iconic">-iconic</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#immutable">-immutable</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#implode">-implode</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#insert">-insert</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#intensity">-intensity</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#intent">-intent</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#interlace">-interlace</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">-interline-spacing</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">-interword-spacing</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#kerning">-kerning</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#kmeans">-kmeans</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#kuwahara">-kuwahara</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#label">-label</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#lat">-lat</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#level-colors">-level-colors</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#limit">-limit</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">-linear-stretch</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#linewidth">-linewidth</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">-liquid-rescale</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#list">-list</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#loop">-loop</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">-lowlight-color</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#magnify">-magnify</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#map">-map</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#map_stream_">-map[stream]</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#median">-median</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#mean-shift">-mean-shift</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#metric">-metric</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#mode">-mode</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#moments">-moments</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#monitor">-monitor</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#name">-name</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#orient">-orient</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#paint">-paint</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#path">-path</a> 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class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#quantize">-quantize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#quiet">-quiet</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#range-threshold">-range-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#read-mask">-read-mask</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">-red-primary</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">-regard-warnings</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#remote">-remote</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#render">-render</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">-respect-parentheses</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#reverse">-reverse</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#roll">-roll</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#rotate">-rotate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#scale">-scale</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#screen">-screen</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#seed">-seed</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#segment">-segment</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#selective-blur">-selective-blur</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">-sepia-tone</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#shade">-shade</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#shadow">-shadow</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#shared-memory">-shared-memory</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#shear">-shear</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">-sigmoidal-contrast</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#silent">-silent</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#similarity-threshold">-similarity-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sketch">-sketch</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#smush">-smush</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#snaps">-snaps</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#solarize">-solarize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sort-pixels">-sort-pixels</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color">-sparse-color</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#spread">-spread</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#statistic">-statistic</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#stegano">-stegano</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#stereo">-stereo</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#storage-type">-storage-type</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">-subimage-search</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#swirl">-swirl</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">-synchronize</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#taint">-taint</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#text-font">-text-font</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#texture">-texture</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">-thumbnail</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#tile">-tile</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">-tile-offset</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#tint">-tint</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#title">-title</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">-transparent-color</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#transpose">-transpose</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#transverse">-transverse</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">-treedepth</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">-undercolor</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">-unique-colors</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#update">-update</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#version">-version</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#view">-view</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#vignette">-vignette</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#watermark">-watermark</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#wave">-wave</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#wavelet-denoise">-wavelet-denoise</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#white-balance">-white-balance</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#white-point">-white-point</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#window">-window</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#window-group">-window-group</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> • <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#write-mask">-write-mask</a> </p> 96<p class="lead magick-description">Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands: <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a> and <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p> 97 98<div style="margin: auto;"> 99 <h3><a class="anchor" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3> 100</div> 101 102<p class="magick-description">Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</p> 103 104<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it 105defaults to 1.</p> 106 107<div style="margin: auto;"> 108 <h3><a class="anchor" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></h3> 109</div> 110 111<p class="magick-description">Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</p> 112 113<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> 114option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a 115href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. 116Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a 117href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p> 118 119<div style="margin: auto;"> 120 <h3><a class="anchor" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3> 121</div> 122 123<p class="magick-description">Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</p> 124 125<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation 126(<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it 127defaults to 1.</p> 128 129<div style="margin: auto;"> 130 <h3><a class="anchor" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h3> 131</div> 132 133<p class="magick-description">Join images into a single multi-image file.</p> 134 135<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of 136an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as 137JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case 138ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if 139more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by 140adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to 141make distinct names for each image. </p> 142 143<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to 144separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file 145(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p> 146 147<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will 148automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify 149where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These 150strings, such as '<code>%d</code>' or '<code>%03d</code>', are familiar to those 151who have used the standard <code>printf()</code>' C-library function. As an 152example, the command</p> 153 154<pre class="highlight"><code>magick logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg 155</code></pre> 156 157<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by 158<a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, 159my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p> 160 161<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will 162save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...</p> 163<ol> 164<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,</li> 165<li>the <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or</li> 166<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output 167 filename.</li> 168</ol> 169 170 171<div style="margin: auto;"> 172 <h3><a class="anchor" id="affine"></a>-affine 173 <var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>y</sub></var>,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>[,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>]</h3> 174</div> 175 176<p class="magick-description">Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</p> 177 178<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a 179href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> options. </p> 180 181<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in 182quotes or without spaces. </p> 183 184<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them 185are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) 186coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at 187position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the original 188image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p> 189 190<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/> </p> 191 192<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that 193contains the transformed source image. The parameters 194<var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> 195subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the 196image area are cut off.</p> 197 198<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate 199system: positive <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions 200are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p> 201 202<p> If the translation coefficients <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and 203<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore, 204four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p> 205 206<p>Scaling by the factors <var>s<sub>x</sub></var> and 207<var>s<sub>y</sub></var> in the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions, 208respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p> 209 210<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a 211href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<code>Affineprojection</code> for more 212information </p> 213 214 215<pre class="highlight"><code>-affine <var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,0,0,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var> 216</code></pre> 217 218<p>Translation by a displacement (<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>, <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>) is accomplished like so:</p> 219 220<pre class="highlight"><code>-affine 1,0,0,1,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> 221</code></pre> 222 223<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle 224<var>a</var> by letting <var>c</var> = cos(<var>a</var>), <var>s</var> 225= sin(<var>a</var>), and using the following.</p> 226 227<pre class="highlight"><code>-affine <var>c</var>,<var>s</var>,-<var>s</var>,<var>c</var> 228</code></pre> 229 230<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> 231transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" 232>-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices 233of the individual transformations.</p> 234 235<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the 236matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p> 237 238<div style="margin: auto;"> 239 <h3><a class="anchor" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <var>type</var></h3> 240</div> 241 242<p class="magick-description">Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</p> 243 244<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha 245channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <var>type</var> from the list below.</p> 246 247<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 248<dl class="row"> 249 <dt class="col-md-4">Activate</dt> 250 <dd class="col-md-8"> 251 Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally Set 252 should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to 253 preserve existing (but specifically turned Off) transparency 254 channel. </dd> 255 256 <dt class="col-md-4">Associate</dt> 257 <dd class="col-md-8"> 258 associate the alpha channel with the image.</dd> 259 260 <dt class="col-md-4">Deactivate</dt> 261 <dd class="col-md-8"> 262 Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the 263 existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</dd> 264 265 <dt class="col-md-4">Disassociate</dt> 266 <dd class="col-md-8"> 267 disassociate the alpha channel from the image.</dd> 268 269 <dt class="col-md-4">Set</dt> 270 <dd class="col-md-8"> 271 Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off 272 then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had 273 the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</dd> 274 275 <dt class="col-md-4">Opaque</dt> 276 <dd class="col-md-8"> 277 Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque. 278 </dd> 279 280 <dt class="col-md-4">Transparent</dt> 281 <dd class="col-md-8"> 282 Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully 283 transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the 284 same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still 285 intact, but fully transparent. </dd> 286 287 <dt class="col-md-4">Extract</dt> 288 <dd class="col-md-8"> 289 Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns 290 'Off' the image's transparency, so as to generate 291 a grayscale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left 292 intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of 'Copy'. 293 </dd> 294 295 <dt class="col-md-4">Copy</dt> 296 <dd class="col-md-8"> 297 Turns 'On' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the 298 grayscale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting 299 a grayscale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored 300 appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </dd> 301 302 <dt class="col-md-4">Shape</dt> 303 <dd class="col-md-8"> 304 As per 'Copy' but also colors the resulting shape mask with 305 the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is 306 replaced, with appropriate alpha shape. 307 </dd> 308 309 <dt class="col-md-4">Remove</dt> 310 <dd class="col-md-8"> 311 Composite the image over the background color. 312 </dd> 313 314 <dt class="col-md-4">Background</dt> 315 <dd class="col-md-8"> 316 Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving 317 it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as 318 PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform, 319 and thus can compress better. 320 </dd> 321</dl> 322</div> 323<br/> 324 325<p>Note that while the obsolete <code>+matte</code> operation was the 326same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</code>", the <code> 327>-matte</code> operation was the same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> 328Set</code>" and not "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</code>". </p> 329 330<div class="pre-scrollable highlight" style="margin: auto;"> 331 <h3><a class="anchor" id="annotate"></a> 332 -annotate <var>degrees</var> <var>text</var><br /> 333 -annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var>{+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var></h3> 334</div> 335 336<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with text</p> 337 338<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise 339control over text annotations, use <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>.</p> 340 341 342<p>The values <var>Xdegrees</var> and <var>Ydegrees</var> 343control the shears applied to the text, while <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are offsets that give the location of the text relative any <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> setting and defaults to the upper left corner of the image.</p> 344 345<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var> 346or <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>x<var>degrees</var> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The 347direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <var>degrees</var> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical 348convention once it is realized that the positive <var>y</var>–direction is 349conventionally considered to be <var>downward</var> for images.)</p> 350 351<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix 352equation.</p> 353 354<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></p> 355 356<p>If <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the 357bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is 358probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this 359case leads to nice results.</p> 360 361<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <var>text</var> 362is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file 363<code>mytext.txt</code>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded 364formatting characters are recognized.</p> 365 366<div style="margin: auto;"> 367 <h3><a class="anchor" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h3> 368</div> 369 370<p class="magick-description">Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when drawing fonts and lines.</p> 371 372<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when 373drawn. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of 374antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to 375an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors 376are added when drawing such objects. </p> 377 378<div style="margin: auto;"> 379 <h3><a class="anchor" id="append"></a>-append</h3> 380</div> 381 382<p class="magick-description">Join current images vertically or horizontally.</p> 383 384<p>This option creates a single longer image, by joining all the current 385images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#append">+append</a> to 386stack images left-to-right. </p> 387 388<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the 389current <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color setting, and their 390position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a 391href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p> 392 393 394<div style="margin: auto;"> 395 <h3><a class="anchor" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <var>value</var></h3> 396</div> 397 398<p class="magick-description">Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</p> 399 400<p>If unset the value is equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition</p> 401 402<div style="margin: auto;"> 403 <h3><a class="anchor" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <var>password</var></h3> 404</div> 405 406<p class="magick-description">Decrypt a PDF with a password.</p> 407 408<p>Use this option to supply a <var>password</var> for decrypting 409a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The 410encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p> 411 412<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a> 413and <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p> 414 415 416<div style="margin: auto;"> 417 <h3><a class="anchor" id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h3> 418</div> 419 420<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</p> 421 422<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a 423href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that the mean color in the 424image will get a value of 50%. </p> 425 426<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p> 427 428<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and 429light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or 430dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images. 431</p> 432 433<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the 434'<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color 435values is used and modified. As the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" 436>-channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', channels are modified 437together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p> 438 439 440 441<div style="margin: auto;"> 442 <h3><a class="anchor" id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h3> 443</div> 444 445<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust color levels of image.</p> 446 447<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact 448minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a 449href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of 450values. </p> 451 452<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or 453JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values 454for the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the 455right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to 456generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically' 457defined images. </p> 458 459<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a 460href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" 461>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping' 462problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" 463>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p> 464 465<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the 466special '<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine 467which color values are used and modified. As the default <a 468href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', the 469'<var>sync</var>' ensures that the color channels will are modified 470together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring 471transparency. </p> 472 473 474<div style="margin: auto;"> 475 <h3><a class="anchor" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h3> 476</div> 477 478<p class="magick-description">Adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation).</p> 479 480<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation' 481and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient 482the image, for correct viewing. </p> 483 484<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital 485camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an 486appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without 487reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect 488result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a 489href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p> 490 491<div style="margin: auto;"> 492 <h3><a class="anchor" id="auto-threshold"></a>-auto-threshold <var>method</var></h3> 493</div> 494 495<p class="magick-description">Automatically perform image thresholding.</p> 496 497<p>Here are the valid methods:</p> 498 499<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 500<dl class="row"> 501<dt class="col-md-4">Undefined</dt><dd class="col-md-8">0: No method specified (equivalent to '<code>OTSU</code>').</dd> 502<dt class="col-md-4">Kapur</dt><dd class="col-md-8">maximum entropy thresholding.</dd> 503<dt class="col-md-4">OTSU</dt><dd class="col-md-8">cluster-based image thresholding.</dd> 504<dt class="col-md-4">Triangle</dt><dd class="col-md-8">a geometric thresholding method.</dd> 505</dl> 506</div> 507 508<p>The computed threshold is returned as the <kbd>auto-threshold:verbose</kbd> image property. To instead print to your device, use <kbd>-define auto-threshold:verbose=true</kbd>.</p> 509 510<div style="margin: auto;"> 511 <h3><a class="anchor" id="average"></a>-average</h3> 512</div> 513 514<p class="magick-description">Average a set of images.</p> 515 516<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p> 517 518 519<div style="margin: auto;"> 520 <h3><a class="anchor" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h3> 521</div> 522 523<p class="magick-description">Display the image centered on a backdrop.</p> 524 525<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding 526other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is 527specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format 528described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 529 530<div style="margin: auto;"> 531 <h3><a class="anchor" id="background"></a>-background <var>color</var></h3> 532</div> 533 534<p class="magick-description">Set the background color.</p> 535 536<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a 537href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is 538specified or found in the image) is white.</p> 539 540<div style="margin: auto;"> 541 <h3><a class="anchor" id="bench"></a>-bench <var>iterations</var></h3> 542</div> 543 544<p class="magick-description">Measure performance.</p> 545 546<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <var>iterations</var> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, 547consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the 548-duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent 549to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p> 550 551<pre class="highlight"><code>-> convert logo: -resize 200% -bench 5 logo.png 552Performance[1]: 5i 1.344ips 1.000e 3.710u 0:03.720 553Performance[2]: 5i 1.634ips 0.549e 3.890u 0:03.060 554Performance[3]: 5i 2.174ips 0.618e 3.190u 0:02.300 555Performance[4]: 5i 1.678ips 0.555e 3.810u 0:02.980 556Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710 557</code></pre> 558 559<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 2.174 iterations per 560second, using 3 threads and 3.190 seconds of the user allotted time, for 561a total elapsed time of 2.300 seconds.</p> 562 563<div style="margin: auto;"> 564 <h3><a class="anchor" id="bias"></a>-bias <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 565</div> 566 567<p class="magick-description">Add bias when convolving an image.</p> 568 569<p>This option shifts the output of <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a> so that 570positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p> 571 572<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing 573with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is 574especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge 575detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at 576zero.</p> 577 578<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any 579negative results without clipping to the color value range 580(0..QuantumRange).</p> 581 582<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a 583href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more 584about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a 585href="https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages or this 586<a 587href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> 588entry. </p> 589 590<div style="margin: auto;"> 591 <h3><a class="anchor" id="bilateral-blur"></a>-bilateral-blur <var>width</var>{x<var>height</var>}{<var>+intensity-sigma</var>}{<var>+spatial-sigma</var>}</h3> 592</div> 593 594<p class="magick-description">A non-linear, edge-preserving, and noise-reducing 595smoothing filter for images. It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a 596weighted average of intensity values from nearby pixels. This weight is 597based on a Gaussian distribution. The weights depend not only on Euclidean 598distance of pixels, but also on the radiometric differences (e.g., range 599differences, such as color intensity, depth distance, etc.). This preserves 600sharp edges.</p> 601 602<p>The intensity sigma is in the intensity space. A larger value means 603that farther colors within the pixel neighborhood (see spatial-sigma) 604will be mixed together, resulting in larger areas of semi-equal color.</p> 605 606<p>The spatial sigma is in the coordinate space. A larger value means that 607farther pixels influence each other as long as their colors are close 608enough (see intensity-sigma ). When the neigborhood diameter is greater 609than zero, it specifies the neighborhood size regardless of 610spatial-sigma. Otherwise, the neigborhood diameter is proportional to 611spatial-sigma.</p> 612<p>The default value for the intensity and spatial sigmas are <var>0.75*diameter</var> and <var>0.25*diameter</var> respectively.</p> 613 614 615<div style="margin: auto;"> 616 <h3><a class="anchor" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h3> 617</div> 618 619<p class="magick-description">Use black point compensation.</p> 620 621<div style="margin: auto;"> 622 <h3><a class="anchor" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 623</div> 624 625<p class="magick-description">Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</p> 626 627<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer 628value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the 629desired <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> value. See <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p> 630 631 632<div style="margin: auto;"> 633 <h3><a class="anchor" id="blend"></a>-blend <var>geometry</var></h3> 634</div> 635 636<p class="magick-description">Blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</p> 637 638<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the 639percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage 640value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while 641the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a 642<code>-blend 30%</code> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the 643'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <code>-blend 30x70%</code>.</p> 644 645 646<div style="margin: auto;"> 647 <h3><a class="anchor" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <var>x</var>,<var>y</var></h3> 648</div> 649 650<p class="magick-description">Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</p> 651 652<div style="margin: auto;"> 653 <h3><a class="anchor" id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <var>factor</var></h3> 654</div> 655 656<p class="magick-description">Simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</p> 657 658<div style="margin: auto;"> 659 660<div style="margin: auto;"> 661 <h3><a class="anchor" id="blur"></a>-blur <var>radius</var><br />-blur <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}</h3> 662</div> 663 664<p class="magick-description">Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</p> 665 666<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given 667<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p> 668 669<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></p> 670 671<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and 672determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p> 673 674<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the 675array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an 676integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible 677radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution. 678</p> 679 680<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the slower the 681operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and severe 682aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var> 683should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three 684times will produce a more accurate result. </p> 685 686<p>This option differs from <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply 687by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here 688we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, 689then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p> 690 691<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how 692pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result. 693</p> 694 695 696<div style="margin: auto;"> 697 <h3><a class="anchor" id="border"></a>-border <var>geometry</var></h3> 698</div> 699 700<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border of color. </p> 701 702<p>Set the width and height using the <var>size</var> portion of the 703<var>geometry</var> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are 704ignored. </p> 705 706<p>As of IM 6.7.8-8, the <var>geometry</var> arguments behave as follows:</p> 707 708<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 709<dl class="row"> 710<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value</var></dt> 711<dd class="col-md-8">value is added to both left/right and top/bottom</dd> 712<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var><code>x</code></dt> 713<dd class="col-md-8">value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd> 714<dt class="col-md-4"><code>x</code><var>value-y</var></dt> 715<dd class="col-md-8">value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd> 716<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var><code>x</code><var>value-y</var></dt> 717<dd class="col-md-8">value-x is added to left/right and value-y added to top/bottom</dd> 718<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var><code>x</code>0</dt> 719<dd class="col-md-8">value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd> 720<dt class="col-md-4">0<code>x</code><var>value-y</var></dt> 721<dd class="col-md-8">value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd> 722<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value</var>%</dt> 723<dd class="col-md-8">value % of width is added to left/right and value % of height is added to top/bottom</dd> 724<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var><code>x</code>%</dt> 725<dd class="col-md-8">value-x % of width is added to left/right and to top/bottom</dd> 726<dt class="col-md-4">x<var>value-y</var>%</dt> 727<dd class="col-md-8">value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and to left/right</dd> 728<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var>%<code>x</code><var>value-y</var>%</dt> 729<dd class="col-md-8">value-x % of width is added to left/right and value-y % of height is added to top/bottom</dd> 730<dt class="col-md-4"><var>value-x</var>%<code>x</code>0%</dt> 731<dd class="col-md-8">value-x % of width is added to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd> 732<dt class="col-md-4">0%<code>x</code><var>value-y</var>%</dt> 733<dd class="col-md-8">value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd> 734</dl> 735</div> 736 737<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a 738href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p> 739 740<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a 741href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default 742'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate 743size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before 744overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that 745with the default compose method of '<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may 746be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p> 747<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more 748functionality.</p> 749 750<div style="margin: auto;"> 751 <h3><a class="anchor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <var>color</var></h3> 752</div> 753 754<p class="magick-description">Set the border color.</p> 755 756<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 757 758<p>The default border color is <code>#DFDFDF</code>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p> 759 760<div style="margin: auto;"> 761 <h3><a class="anchor" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <var>geometry</var> </h3> 762</div> 763 764<p class="magick-description">Set the border width.</p> 765 766<div style="margin: auto;"> 767 <h3><a class="anchor" id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var><br />-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var>{x<var>contrast</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3> 768</div> 769 770<p class="magick-description">Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</p> 771 772<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are 773not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change. 774The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the 775brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast. 776To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness, 777set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p> 778 779<p>You may also use <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to 780apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same 781transformation to all channels.</p> 782 783<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a 784linear transform and applied 785using <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p> 786 787<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at 788contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally 789midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but 790not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation 791is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p> 792 793<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this 794function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p> 795 796<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 797at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is 798totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is 799totally black.</p> 800 801<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' 802symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p> 803 804<div style="margin: auto;"> 805 <h3><a class="anchor" id="cache"></a>-cache <var>threshold</var></h3> 806</div> 807 808<p class="magick-description">(This option has been replaced by the <a href='command-line-options.html#limit'>-limit</a> option).</p> 809 810<div style="margin: auto;"> 811 <h3><a class="anchor" id="canny"></a>-canny <var>radius</var><br/>-canny <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+lower-percent</var>}{<var>+upper-percent</var>}</h3> 812</div> 813 814<p class="magick-description">Canny edge detector uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image.</p> 815 816<p>The thresholds range from 0 to 100% (e.g. -canny 0x1+10%+30%) with {<var>+lower-percent</var>} < {<var>+upper-percent</var>}. If {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+lower-percent</var>} remains the same, lesser edge components will be detected, but their lengths will be the same. If {<var>+lower-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is the same, the same number of edge components will be detected but their lengths will be shorter. The default thresholds are shown. The <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>} controls a gaussian blur applied to the input image to reduce noise and smooth the edges.</p> 817 818<div style="margin: auto;"> 819 <h3><a class="anchor" id="caption"></a>-caption <var>string</var></h3> 820</div> 821 822<p class="magick-description">Assign a caption to an image.</p> 823 824<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this 825option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use 826"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</code>". </p> 827 828<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a 829href="../www/escape.html">Format and 830Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption 831is finally assigned to the individual images. </p> 832 833<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the 834remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal; 835no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p> 836 837<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the 838<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options 839instead.</p> 840 841<p>For example,</p> 842 843<pre class="highlight"><code>-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff 844</code></pre> 845 846<p>produces an image caption of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming 847that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of 848480.</p> 849 850 851<div style="margin: auto;"> 852 <h3><a class="anchor" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <var>filename</var></h3> 853</div> 854 855<p class="magick-description">Color correct with a color decision list.</p> 856 857<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p> 858 859<pre class="highlight"><code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 860<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2"> 861 <ColorCorrection id="cc06668"> 862 <SOPNode> 863 <Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope> 864 <Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset> 865 <Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power> 866 </SOPNode> 867 <SATNode> 868 <Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation> 869 </SATNode> 870 </ColorCorrection> 871</ColorCorrectionCollection> 872</code></pre> 873 874<div style="margin: auto;"> 875 <h3><a class="anchor" id="channel"></a>-channel <var>type</var></h3> 876</div> 877 878<p class="magick-description">Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</p> 879 880<p>Choose from: <code>Red</code>, <code>Green</code>, <code>Blue</code>, 881<code>Alpha</code>, <code>Gray</code>, <code>Cyan</code>, <code>Magenta</code>, 882<code>Yellow</code>, <code>Black</code>, <code>Opacity</code>, 883<code>Index</code>, <code>RGB</code>, <code>RGBA</code>, <code>CMYK</code>, or 884<code>CMYKA</code>.</p> 885 886<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be 887abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<code>R</code>', '<code>G</code>', 888'<code>B</code>', '<code>A</code>', '<code>O</code>', '<code>C</code>', 889'<code>M</code>', '<code>Y</code>', '<code>K</code>'.</p> 890 891<p>The numerals 0 to 31 may also be used to specify channels, where 0 to 5 are: <br /> 892<ul> 893'<code>0</code>' equals <code>Red</code> or <code>Cyan</code> <br /> 894'<code>1</code>' equals <code>Green</code> or <code>Magenta</code> <br /> 895'<code>2</code>' equals <code>Blue</code> or <code>Yellow</code> <br /> 896'<code>3</code>' equals <code>Black</code> <br /> 897'<code>4</code>' equals <code>Alpha</code> or <code>Opacity</code> <br /> 898'<code>5</code>' equals <code>Index</code></p> 899</ul> 900 901<p>For example, to only select the <code>Red</code> and <code>Blue</code> channels 902you can use any of the following:</p> 903<ul><pre class="highlight"> 904<code>-channel Red,Blue</code> 905<code>-channel R,B</code> 906<code>-channel RB</code> 907<code>-channel 0,2</code> 908</pre></ul> 909 910<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the 911special channel type <code>All</code>. Not all operators are 'channel capable', 912but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators, 913will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p> 914 915<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified, 916'<code>Sync</code>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that 917operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel 918synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale 919operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual 920channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> 921setting) completely independently from each other. </p> 922 923<p>For example for operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and 924<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified 925together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without 926it being set, then each channel is modified separately and 927independently, which may produce color distortion. </p> 928 929<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<code>Convolve</code>' method 930and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands 931the '<code>Sync</code>' flag to modify the behavior of pixel colors according 932to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image 933processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not 934contribute to the final result. </p> 935 936<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and 937treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> 938setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<code>Sync</code>' flag. 939How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation. 940Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing. 941</p> 942 943<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 944channel</a>.</p> 945 946<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value 947'<code>RGBK,sync</code>', which specifies that operators act on all color 948channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are 949to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency 950(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a 951href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p> 952 953<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting 954include the following. 955 956<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>, 957<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a>, 958<a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>, 959<a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, 960<a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a>, 961<a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a>, 962<a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a>, 963<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only), 964<a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, 965<a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>, 966<a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a>, 967<a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a>, 968<a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a>, 969<a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, 970<a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>, 971<a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>, 972<a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>, 973<a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a>, 974<a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, 975<a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>, 976<a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>, 977<a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>, 978<a href="command-line-options.html#range-threshold">-range-threshold</a>, 979<a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, 980<a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>, and 981<a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>. 982</p> 983 984<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" 985>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, versus ANY user defined <a 986href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the 987default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync' 988flag. </p> 989 990<p>For example <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default grayscale 991the image before thresholding, if no <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting 992has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p> 993 994<p>Also some operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a 995href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the 996color channels if the '<code>alpha</code>' channel is also enabled by <a 997href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that 998fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any 999underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically 1000resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> 1001convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag 1002and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p> 1003 1004<p>As an alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the 1005color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no 1006alpha channel present, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells 1007the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a 1008href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p> 1009 1010<div style="margin: auto;"> 1011 <h3><a class="anchor" id="channel-fx"></a>-channel-fx <var>expression</var></h3> 1012</div> 1013 1014<p class="magick-description">Exchange, extract, or copy one or more image channels.</p> 1015 1016<p>The expression consists of one or more channels, either mnemonic or numeric (e.g. red or 0, green or 1, etc.), separated by certain operation symbols as follows:</p> 1017 1018<pre class="highlight"><code><=> exchange two channels (e.g. red<=>blue) 1019=> copy one channel to another channel (e.g. red=>green) 1020= assign a constant value to a channel (e.g. red=50%) 1021, write new image with channels in the specified order (e.g. red, green) 1022; add a new output image for the next set of channel operations (e.g. red; green; blue) 1023| move to the next input image for the source of channel data (e.g. | gray=>alpha) 1024</code></pre> 1025 1026<p>For example, to create 3 grayscale images from the red, green, and blue channels of an image, use:</p> 1027 1028<pre class="highlight"><code>-channel-fx "red; green; blue" 1029</code></pre> 1030 1031<p>A channel without an operation symbol implies separate (i.e, semicolon).</p> 1032 1033<p>Here we take an sRGB image and a grayscale image and inject the grayscale image into the alpha channel:</p> 1034<pre class="highlight"><code>magick wizard.png mask.pgm -channel-fx '| gray=>alpha' wizard-alpha.png 1035</code></pre> 1036<p>Use a similar command to define a read mask:</p> 1037<pre class="highlight"><code>magick wizard.png mask.pgm -channel-fx '| gray=>read-mask' wizard-mask.png 1038</code></pre> 1039 1040<p>Add <code>-debug pixel</code> prior to the <code>-channel-fx</code> option to track the channel morphology.</p> 1041 1042<div style="margin: auto;"> 1043 <h3><a class="anchor" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <var>factor</var></h3> 1044</div> 1045 1046<p class="magick-description">Simulate a charcoal drawing.</p> 1047 1048<div style="margin: auto;"> 1049 <h3><a class="anchor" id="chop"></a>-chop <var>geometry</var></h3> 1050</div> 1051 1052<p class="magick-description">Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</p> 1053 1054<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>width</var> 1055and <var>height</var> given in the of the <var>size</var> 1056portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the number of 1057columns and rows to remove. The <var>offset</var> portion of 1058the <var>geometry</var> argument is influenced by 1059a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p> 1060 1061<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, 1062and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p> 1063 1064<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more 1065typically used with as <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero 1066offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a 1067href="command-line-options.html#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from opposite 1068sides of the image. </p> 1069 1070<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a 1071href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <var>geometry</var> and <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p> 1072 1073<div style="margin: auto;"> 1074 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clahe"></a>-clahe <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{%}{+}<var>number-bins</var>{+}<var>clip-limit</var>{!}</h3> 1075</div> 1076 1077<p class="magick-description">Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization.</p> 1078<p> The image is divided into tiles of <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> pixels. Append <code>%</code> to define the width and height as percentages of the image's dimensions. The tile size should be larger than the size of features to be preserved and respects the aspect ratio of the image. Add <code>!</code> to force an exact tile width and height. <var>number-bins</var> is the number of histogram bins per tile (min 2, max 65536). The number of histogram bins should be smaller than the number of pixels in a single tile. <var>clip-limit</var> is the contrast limit for localized changes in contrast. A clip-limit of 2 to 3 is a good starting place (e.g. -clahe 50x50%+128+3). Very large values will let the histogram equalization do whatever it wants to do, that is result in maximal local contrast. The value 1 will result in the original image. Note, if the number of bins and the clip-limit are ommitted, they default to 128 and no clipping respectively.</p> 1079 1080 1081<div style="margin: auto;"> 1082 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h3> 1083</div> 1084 1085<p class="magick-description">Set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p> 1086 1087<div style="margin: auto;"> 1088 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clip"></a>-clip</h3> 1089</div> 1090 1091<p class="magick-description">Apply the clipping path if one is present.</p> 1092 1093<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p> 1094 1095<p>For example, in the command</p> 1096 1097<pre class="highlight"><code>magick cockatoo.tif -clip -negate negated.tif 1098</code></pre> 1099 1100<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p> 1101 1102<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires SVG support. If the SVG 1103delegate library is not present, the option is ignored.</p> 1104 1105<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">+clip</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p> 1106 1107<div style="margin: auto;"> 1108 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h3> 1109</div> 1110 1111<p class="magick-description">Clip the image as defined by this mask.</p> 1112 1113<p>Use the alpha channel of the current image as a mask. Any areas that is 1114white is not modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow, 1115until the mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask are 1116modified per the requirements of the operator. </p> 1117 1118<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining 1119a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the 1120mask (third) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>, 1121operation. </p> 1122 1123<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">+clip-mask</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p> 1124 1125<div style="margin: auto;"> 1126 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <var>id</var></h3> 1127</div> 1128 1129<p class="magick-description">Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</p> 1130 1131<p>This is identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> except choose a specific clip path in the event the image has more than one path available. </p> 1132 1133<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">+clip-path</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p> 1134 1135<div style="margin: auto;"> 1136 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clone"></a>-clone <var>index(s)</var></h3> 1137</div> 1138 1139<p class="magick-description">Make a clone of an image (or images).</p> 1140 1141<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a 1142clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to 1143the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis 1144(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p> 1145 1146<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 11470. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for 1148example, <code>−1</code> 1149represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a 1150dash (e.g. <code>0−4</code>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no 1151spaces (e.g. <code>0,2,5</code>). A value of '<code>0−−1</code> will 1152effectively clone all the images. </p> 1153 1154<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image 1155in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using an argument of 1156'<code>−1</code>'. </p> 1157 1158<div style="margin: auto;"> 1159 <h3><a class="anchor" id="clut"></a>-clut</h3> 1160</div> 1161 1162<p class="magick-description">Replace the channel values in the first image using each corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor <b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</p> 1163 1164<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the 1165histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a 1166either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger 1167than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from 1168top-left to bottom-right corners.</p> 1169 1170<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a 1171href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an 1172LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality 1173(Q) level. Good settings for this are '<code>bilinear</code>' and 1174'<code>catrom</code>'. Catom can return a useful second-order continuity.</p> 1175 1176<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a 1177specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p> 1178 1179<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> 1180setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a 1181href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <code>RGB</code>, this means that 1182transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a 1183href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is 1184set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way 1185as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the 1186alpha/matte values of the original image. </p> 1187 1188<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no 1189transparency (i.e. <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a 1190href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is 1191assumed that image represents a grayscale gradient which is used for the 1192replacement alpha values. That is you can use a grayscale CLUT image to 1193adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a grayscale image 1194using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency. 1195</p> 1196 1197<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors 1198according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation 1199of a 3D color cube. </p> 1200 1201 1202<div style="margin: auto;"> 1203 <h3><a class="anchor" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h3> 1204</div> 1205 1206<p class="magick-description">Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</p> 1207 1208<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to 1209its <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of 1210an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be 1211the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the 1212animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames 1213are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay 1214images. </p> 1215 1216<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using 1217the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<code>optimize</code>', although 1218there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is 1219better than the original. </p> 1220 1221 1222<div style="margin: auto;"> 1223 <h3><a class="anchor" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <var>value</var></h3> 1224</div> 1225 1226<p class="magick-description">Colorize the image by an amount specified by <var>value</var> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</p> 1227 1228<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization 1229values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with 1230a comma-delimited list of colorization 1231values (e.g., <code>-colorize 0,0,50</code>).</p> 1232 1233<div style="margin: auto;"> 1234 <h3><a class="anchor" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <var>type</var></h3> 1235</div> 1236 1237<p class="magick-description">Define the colormap type.</p> 1238 1239<p>The <var>type</var> can be <code>shared</code> or <code>private</code>.</p> 1240 1241<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual 1242is <code>PseudoColor</code> or <code>GrayScale</code>. Refer 1243to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, 1244a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with 1245other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, 1246therefore your image may look very different than intended. 1247If <code>private</code> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly 1248as they are defined. However, other clients may go <var>technicolor</var> 1249when the image colormap is installed.</p> 1250 1251<div style="margin: auto;"> 1252 <h3><a class="anchor" id="colors"></a>-colors <var>value</var></h3> 1253</div> 1254 1255<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</p> 1256 1257<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, 1258but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer 1259unique colors than specified by <var>value</var> will have any 1260duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color 1261palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, 1262it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before 1263reducing the number of colors. Refer to 1264the <a href="../www/quantize.html"> 1265color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p> 1266 1267<div style="margin: auto;"> 1268 <h3><a class="anchor" id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></h3> 1269</div> 1270 1271<p class="magick-description">Apply color correction to the image.</p> 1272 1273<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha, 1274and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices 1275can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 1276for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by 1277Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of 1278CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p> 1279 1280<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p> 1281 1282<pre class="highlight"><code>magick kittens.jpg -color-matrix \ 1283 " 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \ 1284 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \ 1285 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \ 1286 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \ 1287 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \ 1288 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png 1289</code></pre> 1290<div style="margin: auto;"> 1291 <h3><a class="anchor" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <var>value</var></h3> 1292</div> 1293 1294<p class="magick-description">Set the image colorspace.</p> 1295 1296<p>Choices are:</p> 1297 1298<pre class="highlight"><code>CMY CMYK Gray HCL 1299HCLp HSB HSI HSL 1300HSV HWB Jzazbz Lab 1301LCHab LCHuv LMS Log 1302Luv OHTA Rec601YCbCr Rec709YCbCr 1303RGB scRGB sRGB Transparent 1304xyY XYZ YCbCr YCC 1305YDbDr YIQ YPbPr YUV 1306Undefined 1307</code></pre> 1308 1309<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p> 1310 1311<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the linear RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option. Note, ImageMagick assumes the sRGB colorspace if the image format does not indicate otherwise. For colorspace conversion, the gamma function is first removed to produce linear RGB.</p> 1312 1313<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 1314<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 1315 <caption>Conversion of RGB to Other Color Spaces</caption> 1316 <tr><th valign="middle">CMY</th></tr> 1317 <tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>−R</td></tr> 1318 <tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>−G</td></tr> 1319 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>−B</td></tr> 1320 <tr><th valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr> 1321 <tr><td valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr> 1322 <tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(C−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr> 1323 <tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(M−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr> 1324 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(Y−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr> 1325 1326 <tr><th valign="middle">Gray</th></tr> 1327 <tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.212656*R+0.715158*G+0.072186*B</td></tr> 1328 1329 <tr><th valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr> 1330 <tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr> 1331 <tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr> 1332 <tr><td valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1333 1334 <tr><th valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr> 1335 <tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr> 1336 <tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr> 1337 <tr><td valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5*max(R,G,B) + 0.5*min(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1338 1339 <tr><th valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr> 1340 <tr><td valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr> 1341 <tr><td valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr> 1342 <tr><td valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr> 1343 1344 <tr><th valign="middle">LAB</th></tr> 1345 <tr><td valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr> 1346 <tr><td valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr> 1347 <tr><td valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr> 1348 <tr><th valign="middle">LinearGray</th></tr> 1349 <tr><td valign="middle">LinearGray = 0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B</td></tr> 1350 1351 <tr><th valign="middle">LOG</th></tr> 1352 <tr><td valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr> 1353 <tr><td valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr> 1354 <tr><td valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr> 1355 1356 <tr><th valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr> 1357 <tr><td valign="middle">I1=0.33333*R+0.33334*G+0.33333*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1358 <tr><td valign="middle">I2=(0.50000*R+0.00000*G−0.50000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1359 <tr><td valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000*R+0.50000*G−0.25000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1360 1361 <tr><th valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr> 1362 <tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B</td></tr> 1363 1364 <tr><th valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr> 1365 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1366 <tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1367 <tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1368 1369 <tr><th valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr> 1370 <tr><td valign="middle">Gray=0.212656*R+0.715158*G+0.072186*B</td></tr> 1371 1372 <tr><th valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr> 1373 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.212656*R+0.715158*G+0.072186*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1374 <tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572*R−0.385428*G+0.500000*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1375 <tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.454153*G−0.045847*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1376 <tr><th valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr> 1377 <tr><td valign="middle">if R ≤ .0.0031308 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055</td></tr> 1378 <tr><td valign="middle">if G ≤ .0.0031308 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055</td></tr> 1379 <tr><td valign="middle">if B ≤ .0.0031308 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055</td></tr> 1380 1381 <tr><th valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr> 1382 <tr><td valign="middle">X=0.4124564*R+0.3575761*G+0.1804375*B</td></tr> 1383 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2126729*R+0.7151522*G+0.0721750*B</td></tr> 1384 <tr><td valign="middle">Z=0.0193339*R+0.1191920*G+0.9503041*B</td></tr> 1385 1386 <tr><th valign="middle">YCC</th></tr> 1387 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=(0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1388 <tr><td valign="middle">C1=(−0.298839*R−0.586811*G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr> 1389 <tr><td valign="middle">C2=(0.70100*R−0.586811*G−0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr> 1390 1391 <tr><th valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr> 1392 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1393 <tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1394 <tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1395 1396 <tr><th valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr> 1397 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1398 <tr><td valign="middle">I=(0.59600*R−0.27400*G−0.32200*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1399 <tr><td valign="middle">Q=(0.21100*R−0.52300*G+0.31200*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1400 1401 <tr><th valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr> 1402 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390*R+0.5868110*G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1403 <tr><td valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1404 <tr><td valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1405 1406 <tr><th valign="middle">YUV</th></tr> 1407 <tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839*R+0.586811*G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr> 1408 <tr><td valign="middle">U=(−0.14740*R−0.28950*G+0.43690*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1409 <tr><td valign="middle">V=(0.61500*R−0.51500*G−0.10000*B)*(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr> 1410</table> 1411</div> 1412 1413<p>Note the scRGB colorspace requires HDRI support otherwise it behaves just like linear RGB.</p> 1414 1415<p>Use the <code>Undefined</code> colorspace to identify multi-spectral images.</p> 1416 1417<div style="margin: auto;"> 1418 <h3><a class="anchor" id="color-threshold"></a>-color-threshold <var>start-color</var>-<var>stop-color</var></h3> 1419</div> 1420 1421<p>Return a binary image where all colors within the specified range are changed to white. All other colors are changed to black.</p> 1422 1423<div style="margin: auto;"> 1424 <h3><a class="anchor" id="combine"></a>-combine</h3> 1425 <h3>+combine <var>colorspace</var></h3> 1426</div> 1427 1428<p class="magick-description">Combine one or more images into a single image.</p> 1429 1430<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the 1431combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the 1432sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <code>RGB</code>, this 1433means the first image is assigned to the <code>Red</code> channel, the second 1434to the <code>Green</code> channel, the third to the <code>Blue</code>.</p> 1435 1436<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a 1437href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. 1438Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the 1439original. </p> 1440 1441<pre class="highlight"><code>magick original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png 1442convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ 1443 -combine imagecopy.png 1444</code></pre> 1445 1446<div style="margin: auto;"> 1447 <h3><a class="anchor" id="comment"></a>-comment <var>string</var></h3> 1448</div> 1449 1450<p class="magick-description">Embed a comment in an image.</p> 1451 1452<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this 1453option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use 1454"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</code>". </p> 1455 1456<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a 1457href="../www/escape.html">Format and 1458Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment 1459is finally assigned to the individual images. </p> 1460 1461<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the 1462remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal; 1463no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p> 1464 1465<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the 1466<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options 1467instead.</p> 1468 1469<p>For example,</p> 1470 1471<pre class="highlight"><code>-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff 1472</code></pre> 1473 1474<p>produces an image comment of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming 1475that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of 1476480.</p> 1477 1478<div style="margin: auto;"> 1479 <h3><a class="anchor" id="compare"></a>-compare</h3> 1480</div> 1481 1482<p class="magick-description">Mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction</p> 1483 1484<p>This is a convert version of "<code>compare</code>" for two same sized images. The syntax is as follows, but other metrics are allowed.</p> 1485 1486<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare \ <br/> difference.png 1487</code></pre> 1488 1489<p>To get the metric value use the string format "%[distortion]".</p> 1490 1491<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare -format \ 1492 "%[distortion]" info: 1493</code></pre> 1494 1495<div style="margin: auto;"> 1496 <h3><a class="anchor" id="complex"></a>-complex <var>operator</var></h3> 1497</div> 1498 1499<p class="magick-description">Perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</p> 1500 1501Choose from these operators: 1502 1503<pre class="highlight"><code>add 1504conjugate 1505divide 1506magnitude-phase 1507multiply 1508real-imaginary 1509subtract 1510</code></pre> 1511 1512<p>Optionally specify the <code>divide</code> operator SNR with <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> complex:snr=float</code>.</p> 1513 1514<div style="margin: auto;"> 1515 <h3><a class="anchor" id="compose"></a>-compose <var>operator</var></h3> 1516</div> 1517 1518<p class="magick-description">Set the type of image composition.</p> 1519 1520<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for 1521a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p> 1522 1523<p>This setting affects image processing operators that merge two (or more) 1524images together in some way. This includes the operators, 1525<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-compare</a>, 1526<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a>, 1527<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> composite, 1528<a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a>, 1529<a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a>, 1530<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> merge, 1531<a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a>, 1532<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>, 1533and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p> 1534 1535<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<code>composite</code>" 1536command. </p> 1537 1538 1539<div style="margin: auto;"> 1540 <h3><a class="anchor" id="composite"></a>-composite</h3> 1541</div> 1542 1543<p class="magick-description">Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</p> 1544 1545<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image 1546according to the current <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location 1547of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a 1548href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> 1549settings. </p> 1550 1551<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a grayscale blending 'mask' image 1552relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask is blended with the 1553source image. However for the '<code>displace</code>' compose method, the 1554mask is used to provide a separate Y-displacement image instead. </p> 1555 1556<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical 1557arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a 1558href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:args</code>' 1559appropriately for the compose method. </p> 1560 1561<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination' 1562image outside the overlay area. It is disabled by default. You can enable this by setting the define: <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>compose:clip-to-self=true</code>'.</p> 1563 1564<p>The SVG compositing specification requires that color and opacity values range between zero and QuantumRange inclusive. You can permit values outside this range with this option: <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:clamp=false</code></p> 1565 1566 1567<div style="margin: auto;"> 1568 <h3><a class="anchor" id="compress"></a>-compress <var>type</var></h3> 1569</div> 1570 1571<p class="magick-description">Use pixel compression specified by <var>type</var> when writing the image.</p> 1572 1573<p>Choices are: <code>None</code>, <code>BZip</code>, <code 1574>Fax</code>, <code>Group4</code>, <code 1575>JPEG</code>, <code>JPEG2000</code>, <code 1576>Lossless</code>, <code>LZW</code>, <code 1577>RLE</code> or <code>Zip</code>.</p> 1578 1579<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 1580compress</a>.</p> 1581 1582<p>Specify <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an 1583uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified 1584image file.</p> 1585 1586<p>If <code>LZW</code> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been 1587enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be 1588read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p> 1589 1590<p><code>Lossless</code> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the 1591JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally 1592not recommended.</p> 1593 1594<p> 1595When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in 1596PNG format, by specifying <code>Zip</code> compression.</p> 1597 1598<p> 1599When writing a JNG file, specify <code>Zip</code> compression to request that 1600the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <code>JPEG</code> 1601to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p> 1602 1603<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level 1604to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. 1605Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the 1606sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling 1607the chroma channels.</p> 1608 1609<div style="margin: auto;"> 1610 <h3><a class="anchor" id="connected-components"></a>-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></h3> 1611</div> 1612 1613<p class="magick-description"><a href="../www/connected-components.html">connected-components</a> labeling detects connected regions in an image, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</p> 1614 1615<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> connected-components:verbose=true</code> to output statistics associated with each unique label.</p> 1616 1617<div style="margin: auto;"> 1618 <h3><a class="anchor" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h3> 1619</div> 1620 1621<p class="magick-description">Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</p> 1622 1623<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and 1624darker elements of the image. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance 1625the image or <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image 1626contrast.</p> 1627 1628<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p> 1629 1630<pre class="highlight"><code>magick rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png 1631</code></pre> 1632 1633<div style="margin: auto;"> 1634 <h3><a class="anchor" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3> 1635</div> 1636 1637<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p> 1638 1639<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most 1640<var >black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point %</var> pixels.</p> 1641 1642<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" 1643>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var >total pixels 1644minus white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <var>black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>100% minus white-point %</var> pixels.</p> 1645 1646<p>Note that <code>-contrast-stretch 0</code> will modify the image such that 1647the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <var>QuantumRange</var>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or 1648clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" 1649>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <code>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</code> (or 1650prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <code>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</code>).</p> 1651 1652<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that 1653bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they 1654originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p> 1655 1656<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to 1657preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> 1658setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> 1659setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p> 1660 1661<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' 1662normalization of mathematical images. </p> 1663 1664<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p> 1665 1666 1667<div style="margin: auto;"> 1668 <h3><a class="anchor" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <var>kernel</var></h3> 1669</div> 1670 1671<p class="magick-description">Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</p> 1672 1673<p>The <var>kernel</var> is a matrix specified as 1674a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right, 1675starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are 1676supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <var>kernel</var> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25, 16777<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p> 1678 1679<p>Note that the <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a> operator supports the <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that 1680positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value. 1681This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with 1682convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is 1683especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge 1684detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero. 1685</p> 1686 1687<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any 1688negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange). 1689See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a 1690href="high-dynamic-range.html">High 1691Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a 1692href="https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this 1693<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> 1694entry. </p> 1695 1696 1697<div style="margin: auto;"> 1698 <h3><a class="anchor" id="copy"></a>-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></h3> 1699</div> 1700 1701<p class="magick-description">Copy pixels from one area of an image to another.</p> 1702 1703<div style="margin: auto;"> 1704 <h3><a class="anchor" id="crop"></a>-crop <var>geometry</var>{<var>@</var>}{<var>!</var>}</h3> 1705</div> 1706 1707<p class="magick-description">Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</p> 1708 1709<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 1710 1711<p>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the size of the image that remains 1712after cropping, and <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> in the 1713<var>offset</var> (if present) gives the location of the top left 1714corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the 1715amount to be removed, use <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p> 1716 1717<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are 1718present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the 1719cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of 1720the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper 1721left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is 1722present with <code>NorthEast</code>, <code>East</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> 1723gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to 1724the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a 1725href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <code>SouthWest</code>, 1726<code>South</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> gravity, the distance is measured 1727upward between the bottom edges.</p> 1728 1729<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are 1730omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input 1731image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if 1732the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p> 1733 1734<p>You can add the <var>@</var> to the geometry argument to equally divide the image into the number of tiles generated.</p> 1735 1736<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the 1737cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the 1738geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size 1739is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set 1740relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p> 1741 1742<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a 1743special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop 1744missed' warning given. </p> 1745 1746<p>It might be necessary to <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to 1747cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the 1748upper-left corner of the visible image. 1749 1750Similarly you may want to use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> after cropping to 1751remove the page offset that will be left behind. This is especially true when 1752you are going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image 1753offset.</p> 1754 1755<div style="margin: auto;"> 1756 <h3><a class="anchor" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <var>amount</var></h3> 1757</div> 1758 1759<p class="magick-description">Displace image colormap by amount.</p> 1760 1761<p><var>Amount</var> defines the number of positions each 1762colormap entry is shifted.</p> 1763 1764 1765<div style="margin: auto;"> 1766 <h3><a class="anchor" id="debug"></a>-debug <var>events</var></h3> 1767</div> 1768 1769<p class="magick-description">Enable debug printout.</p> 1770 1771<p>The <code>events</code> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It 1772can be either <code>None</code>, <code>All</code>, <code>Trace</code>, or 1773a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: 1774<code>Accelerate</code>, <code>Annotate</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Cache</code>, 1775<code>Coder</code>, <code>Configure</code>, <code>Deprecate</code>, 1776<code>Exception</code>, <code>Locale</code>, <code>Render</code>, 1777<code>Resource</code>, <code>Security</code>, <code>TemporaryFile</code>, 1778<code>Transform</code>, <code>X11</code>, or <code>User</code>. </p> 1779 1780 1781<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p> 1782 1783<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png 1784</code></pre> 1785 1786<p>The <code>User</code> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user 1787events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p> 1788 1789<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 1790debug</a>.</p> 1791 1792<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging 1793output.</p> 1794 1795<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p> 1796 1797<p>Debugging may also be set using the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment" 1798>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> 1799environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> 1800option.</p> 1801 1802 1803<div style="margin: auto;"> 1804 <h3><a class="anchor" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <var>filename</var></h3> 1805</div> 1806 1807<p class="magick-description">Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>.</p> 1808 1809<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p> 1810 1811<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or 1812Decipher an Image</a>.</p> 1813 1814 1815<div style="margin: auto;"> 1816 <h3><a class="anchor" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h3> 1817</div> 1818 1819<p class="magick-description">Find areas that has changed between images </p> 1820 1821<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a 1822href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with 1823a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. 1824</p> 1825 1826<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation 1827sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the 1828animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p> 1829 1830<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> 1831method '<code>compare-any</code>'. </p> 1832 1833 1834<div style="margin: auto;"> 1835 <h3><a class="anchor" id="define"></a>-define <var>key</var>{<var>=value</var>}<var>...</var></h3> 1836</div> 1837 1838<p class="magick-description">Add specific global settings generally used to control coders and image processing operations.</p> 1839 1840<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use 1841while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to 1842control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations, 1843beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a 1844href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) 1845as "Artifacts". </p> 1846 1847<p>If <var>value</var> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued 1848definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off 1849options. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions 1850previously created. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all 1851existing definitions.</p> 1852 1853<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a 1854href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set "option:<var>key</var>" "<var>value</var>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image 1855Properties</a> in the defined value. </p> 1856 1857<p>The <var>option</var> and <var>key</var> are case-independent (they are 1858converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <var>value</var> 1859is case-dependent.</p> 1860 1861<p>Such settings are global in scope, and affect all images and operations. </p> 1862 1863<p>See <a href="../www/defines.html">ImageMagick Defines</a> for a list of recognized defines. For example:</p> 1864 1865<pre class="highlight"><code>magick bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps 1866</code></pre> 1867 1868<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with 1869<code>registry:</code>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, 1870use:</p> 1871 1872<pre class="highlight"><code>-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp 1873</code></pre> 1874 1875<div style="margin: auto;"> 1876 <h3><a class="anchor" id="delay"></a>-delay <var>ticks</var> <br />-delay <var>ticks</var>x<var>ticks-per-second</var> {<var><</var>} {<var>></var>}</h3> 1877</div> 1878 1879<p class="magick-description">Display the next image after pausing.</p> 1880 1881<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences 1882<var>ticks/ticks-per-second</var> seconds must expire before the display of the 1883next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image 1884sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p> 1885 1886<p>Use <code>></code> to change the image delay <var>only</var> if its current 1887value exceeds the given delay. <code><</code> changes the image delay 1888<var>only</var> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if 1889you specify <code>30></code> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does 1890not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed 1891to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the 1892<code><</code> or <code>></code> from being interpreted by your shell as 1893a file redirection.</p> 1894 1895 1896<div style="margin: auto;"> 1897 <h3><a class="anchor" id="delete"></a>-delete <var>indexes</var></h3> 1898</div> 1899 1900<p class="magick-description">Delete the images specified by index, from the image sequence.</p> 1901 1902<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 19030. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 1904represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with 1905a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use 1906<code>+delete</code> to delete the last image in the current image sequence. Use <code>-delete 0--1</code> to delete the entire image sequence.</p> 1907 1908 1909<div style="margin: auto;"> 1910 <h3><a class="anchor" id="density"></a>-density <var>width</var><br />-density <var>width</var>x<var>height</var></h3> 1911</div> 1912 1913<p class="magick-description">Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</p> 1914 1915<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster 1916image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such 1917as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution 1918provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or 1919raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a 1920href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter 1921instead.</p> 1922 1923<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one 1924point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are 1925normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 1926600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use 1927a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the 1928number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p> 1929 1930<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the 1931stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image 1932resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not 1933stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using 1934its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard 1935file header.</p> 1936 1937<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option sets an <var>attribute</var> and 1938does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the 1939rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied 1940to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different 1941resolution, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> option.</p> 1942 1943<div style="margin: auto;"> 1944 <h3><a class="anchor" id="depth"></a>-depth <var>value</var></h3> 1945</div> 1946 1947<p class="magick-description">Depth of the image.</p> 1948 1949<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option 1950to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, 1951or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p> 1952 1953<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">+depth</a> to return depth to its default value.</p> 1954 1955<div style="margin: auto;"> 1956 <h3><a class="anchor" id="descend"></a>-descend</h3> 1957</div> 1958 1959<p class="magick-description">Obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</p> 1960 1961<div style="margin: auto;"> 1962 <h3><a class="anchor" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <var>threshold{%}</var></h3> 1963</div> 1964 1965<p class="magick-description">Straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</p> 1966 1967<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <code>option:deskew:auto-crop 1968<var>true | false</var></code> to auto crop the image.</p> 1969 1970<div style="margin: auto;"> 1971 <h3><a class="anchor" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h3> 1972</div> 1973 1974<p class="magick-description">Reduce the speckles within an image.</p> 1975 1976<div style="margin: auto;"> 1977 <h3><a class="anchor" id="direction"></a>-direction <var>type</var></h3> 1978</div> 1979 1980<p class="magick-description">Render text right-to-left or left-to-right. Requires the <a href="https://github.com/HOST-Oman/libraqm">RAQM</a> delegate library and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_text_layout">complex text layout</a>.</p> 1981 1982<div style="margin: auto;"> 1983 <h3><a class="anchor" id="displace"></a>-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>{%}{!}<br />-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>x<var>vertical-scale</var>{%}{!}</h3> 1984</div> 1985 1986<p class="magick-description">Shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</p> 1987 1988<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image, 1989is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of 1990what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid 1991area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining 1992through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image 1993behind it. </p> 1994 1995<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero 1996displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative 1997displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive 1998displacement of the lookup. </p> 1999 2000<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a 2001displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map 2002containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount, 2003and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from 2004the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been 2005'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very 2006important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p> 2007 2008<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels 2009that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough 2010it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well 2011outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very 2012easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area 2013into the overlay area. </p> 2014 2015<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the 2016overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches 2017percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead. 2018these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p> 2019 2020<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the 2021given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which 2022displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also 2023specify a third image which is normally used as a <var>mask</var>, 2024the <var>composite image</var> is used for horizontal X 2025displacement, while the <var>mask image</var> is used for vertical Y 2026displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement 2027values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within 2028the <var>scale</var> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup 2029any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather 2030than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p> 2031 2032<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0, 2033you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal 2034or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement. 2035</p> 2036 2037<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a 2038mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the 2039overlaid areas will not be affected. </p> 2040 2041 2042<div style="margin: auto;"> 2043 <h3><a class="anchor" id="display"></a>-display <var>host:display[.screen]</var></h3> 2044</div> 2045 2046<p class="magick-description">Specifies the X server to contact.</p> 2047 2048<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this 2049X server. See <var>X(1)</var>.</p> 2050 2051<div style="margin: auto;"> 2052 <h3><a class="anchor" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <var>method</var></h3> 2053</div> 2054 2055<p class="magick-description">Define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </p> 2056 2057<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be 2058modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being 2059displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an 2060animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p> 2061 2062<p>Here are the valid methods:</p> 2063 2064<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2065<dl class="row"> 2066<dt class="col-md-4">Undefined</dt><dd class="col-md-8">0: No disposal specified (equivalent to '<code>none</code>').</dd> 2067<dt class="col-md-4">None</dt><dd class="col-md-8">1: Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.</dd> 2068<dt class="col-md-4">Background</dt><dd class="col-md-8">2: Clear the frame area with the background color.</dd> 2069<dt class="col-md-4">Previous</dt><dd class="col-md-8">3: Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.</dd> 2070</dl> 2071</div> 2072 2073<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format 2074uses internally to represent the above settings. </p> 2075 2076<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list dispose</a>.</p> 2077 2078<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent 2079resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p> 2080 2081<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>dispose</code>' method to set the image 2082disposal method for images already in memory.</p> 2083 2084<div style="margin: auto;"> 2085 <h3><a class="anchor" id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3> 2086</div> 2087 2088<p class="magick-description">Maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</p> 2089 2090 2091<div style="margin: auto;"> 2092 <h3><a class="anchor" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <var>src_percent</var>[x<var>dst_percent</var>]</h3> 2093</div> 2094 2095<p class="magick-description">Dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</p> 2096 2097<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then 2098it is composited 'over' the main image. If <var>src_percent</var> 2099is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes 2100transparent at a value of '<code>200</code>'. If both percentages 2101are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p> 2102 2103<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved 2104'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two 2105images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p> 2106 2107<div style="margin: auto;"> 2108 <h3><a class="anchor" id="distort"></a>-distort <var>method arguments</var></h3> 2109</div> 2110 2111<p class="magick-description">Distort an image, using the given <var>method</var> and its required <var>arguments</var>.</p> 2112 2113<p>The <var>arguments</var> is a single string containing a list 2114of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of 2115and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <var>method</var> being used. </p> 2116 2117<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p> 2118 2119<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2120<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2121 <tr> 2122 <th style="width: 8%">Method</th> 2123 <th>Description</th> 2124 </tr> 2125 2126 <tr> 2127 <td>ScaleRotateTranslate <br/> SRT</td> 2128 <td> 2129 Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center', 2130 before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It 2131 is an alternative method of specifying a 'Affine' type of 2132 distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way 2133 of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger 2134 background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/> 2135 2136 The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each 2137 argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/> 2138 2139 <dl class="row"> 2140 <dt class="col-md-4">2:</dt><dd class="col-md-8"><var>Scale Angle</var></dd> 2141 <dt class="col-md-4">3:</dt><dd class="col-md-8"><var>X,Y Angle</var></dd> 2142 <dt class="col-md-4">4:</dt><dd class="col-md-8"><var>X,Y Scale Angle</var></dd> 2143 <dt class="col-md-4">5:</dt> <dd class="col-md-8"><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle</var></dd> 2144 <dt class="col-md-4">6:</dt> <dd class="col-md-8"><var>X,Y Scale Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd> 2145 <dt class="col-md-4">7:</dt> <dd class="col-md-8"><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd> 2146 </dl> 2147 2148 This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear 2149 'Affine' or 'AffineProjection' distortion. </td> </tr> 2150 2151 <tr> 2152 <td>Affine</td> 2153 <td> 2154 Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets 2155 of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating 2156 point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled, 2157 rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See 2158 also the related 'AffineProjection' and 'SRT' 2159 distortions. <br/> 2160 2161 More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least 2162 squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2 2163 control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation 2164 rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing, 2165 flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one 2166 control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may 2167 be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/> 2168 2169 This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion. 2170 </td> 2171 2172 </tr> 2173 2174 <tr> 2175 <td>RigidAffine</td> 2176 <td> 2177 A rigid affine (also known as a Euclidean transform), is similar to Affine but restricts the distortion to 4 arguments (S, R, Tx, Ty) with Sy = Sx and Ry = -Rx so that the distortion only has scale, rotation and translation. No skew. A minimum of two control point pairs is required. 2178 </td> 2179 </tr> 2180 2181 <tr> 2182 <td>AffineProjection</td> 2183 <td> 2184 Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6 2185 pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map 2186 the source image to the destination image. 2187 2188 <p class="text-center"><var> 2189 s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>, 2190 r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>, 2191 t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub> 2192 </var></p> 2193 2194 See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and 2195 meanings of these coefficients. <br/> 2196 2197 The distortions 'Affine' and 'SRT' provide 2198 alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing 2199 the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can 2200 see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a 2201 href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td> 2202 2203 </tr> 2204 2205 <tr> 2206 <td>BilinearForward<br/> 2207 BilinearReverse</td> 2208 <td> 2209 Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or 2210 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after 2211 distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain 2212 consistent. <br/> 2213 2214 The 'BilinearForward' is used to map rectangles to any 2215 quadrilateral, while the 'BilinearReverse' form maps any 2216 quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges 2217 in each case. <br/> 2218 2219 Note that 'BilinearForward' can generate invalid pixels 2220 which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> 2221 color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image 2222 may disappear. <br/> 2223 2224 There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will 2225 attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while 2226 preserving edges (and edge distance ratios). 2227 2228 </td> 2229 </tr> 2230 2231 <tr> 2232 <td>Perspective</td> 2233 <td> 2234 Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of 2235 control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of 2236 control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate 2237 distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama 2238 effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a 'Affine' 2239 linear distortion. <br/> 2240 2241 Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain 2242 straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon 2243 is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the 2244 <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td> 2245 </tr> 2246 2247 <tr> 2248 <td>PerspectiveProjection </td> 2249 <td> 2250 Do a 'Perspective' distortion biased on a set of 8 2251 pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking 2252 at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a 2253 'Perspective' distortion, or by calculating them yourself. 2254 If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the 2255 remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td> 2256 </tr> 2257 2258 <tr> 2259 <td>Polynomial</td> 2260 <td> 2261 Do an Nth order 2D 'Polynomial' distortion using a set of corresponding 2262 control points. The order of the polynomial dictates the minimum number of 2263 control points needed. Order 1 is the same as -distort Affine. Order 1.5 is the 2264 same as -distort BilinearReverse. Typical use is for a 2nd order distortion. 2265 There is no +distort polynomial.</td> 2266 </tr> 2267 2268 <tr> 2269 <td>Arc</td> 2270 <td> 2271 Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around 2272 a circle. 2273 2274 <dl class="row"> 2275 <dt class="col-md-4">arc_angle</dt> 2276 <dd class="col-md-8">The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</dd> 2277 <dt class="col-md-4">rotate_angle</dt> 2278 <dd class="col-md-8">Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</dd> 2279 <dt class="col-md-4">top_radius</dt> 2280 <dd class="col-md-8">Set top edge of source image at this radius</dd> 2281 <dt class="col-md-4">bottom_radius </dt> 2282 <dd class="col-md-8">Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</dd> 2283 </dl> 2284 2285 The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image, 2286 (as if using <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to 2287 preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as 2288 possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will 2289 be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/> 2290 2291 This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the 2292 aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar 2293 conversion. </td> 2294 </tr> 2295 2296 <tr> 2297 <td>Polar</td> 2298 <td> 2299 Like 'Arc' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of 2300 the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the 2301 radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the 2302 angle limits. <br/> 2303 2304 Arguments: <var>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</var> <br/> 2305 2306 All arguments are optional. With <var>Rmin</var> defaulting to zero, the 2307 center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top) 2308 to +180 (top). If <var>Rmax</var> is given the special value of 2309 '0', the distance from the center to the nearest edge 2310 is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole 2311 image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of 2312 '-1' will use the distance from the center to the furthest 2313 corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image, 2314 but will generate the exact reverse of a 'DePolar' with 2315 the same arguments. <br/> 2316 2317 If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used 2318 output image center will default to 0,0 of the virtual 2319 canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is 2320 made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td> 2321 2322 </tr> 2323 2324 <tr> 2325 <td>DePolar</td> 2326 <td> 2327 Uses the same arguments and meanings as a 'Polar' distortion 2328 but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/> 2329 2330 The special <var>Rmax</var> setting of '0' may however clip 2331 the corners of the input image. However using the special 2332 <var>Rmax</var> setting of '-1' (maximum center to corner 2333 distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the 2334 generated result, so that the same argument to 'Polar' will 2335 reverse the distortion re-producing the original. 2336 2337 Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular 2338 arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function. 2339 As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some 2340 form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce 2341 a high quality result. </td> 2342 2343 </tr> 2344 2345 <tr> 2346 <td>Barrel</td> 2347 <td> 2348 Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a 2349 href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut 2350 Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to 2351 correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight 2352 lines straight again. <br/> 2353 2354 <p class="text-center">Arguments: <var>A B C</var> [ <var>D</var> [ 2355 <var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] ] <br/> 2356 or <var>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub> 2357 A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></var> 2358 [ <var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] </p> 2359 So that it forms the function 2360 <p class="text-center">Rsrc = r * ( <var>A</var>*r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>*r<sup>2</sup> + 2361 <var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p> 2362 2363 Where <var>X</var>,<var>Y</var> is the optional center of the distortion 2364 (defaulting to the center of the image). <br/> 2365 The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than 2366 correct lens distortions. <br/> 2367 </td> 2368 2369 </tr> 2370 2371 <tr> 2372 <td>BarrelInverse</td> 2373 <td> 2374 This is very similar to 'Barrel' with the same set of 2375 arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse 2376 of the radial polynomial, 2377 so that it forms the function 2378 <p class="text-center">Rsrc = r / ( <var>A</var>*r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>*r<sup>2</sup> + 2379 <var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p> 2380 Note that this is not the reverse of the 'Barrel' 2381 distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method. 2382 2383 </td> 2384 </tr> 2385 2386 <tr> 2387 <td>Shepards</td> 2388 <td> 2389 Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse 2390 Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a 2391 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards 2392 Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement 2393 of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and 2394 the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results 2395 extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the 2396 corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent 2397 their movement. <br/> 2398 2399 The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or 2400 pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new 2401 position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/> 2402 2403 Internally it is equivalent to generating a displacement map (see <a 2404 href="command-line-options.html#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using 2405 the <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name. 2406 2407 </td> 2408 </tr> 2409 2410</table> 2411</div> 2412 2413<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 2414distort</a>.</p> 2415 2416<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<code>Affine</code>', 2417'<code>Perspective</code>', and '<code>Shepards</code>' use a list control points 2418defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the 2419destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source 2420image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate. 2421This produces a list of values such as...</p> 2422<p class="text-center"><var> 2423 U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub> 2424 U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub> 2425 U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub> 2426 ... 2427 U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub> 2428</var></p> 2429<p>where <var>U,V</var> on the source image is mapped to <var>X,Y</var> on the 2430destination image. </p> 2431 2432<p>For example, to warp an image using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion, 2433needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the 2434perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were 2435used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and 2436understand.</p> 2437 2438<pre class="highlight"><code>magick rose: -virtual-pixel black \ 2439 -distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ 2440 rose_3d_rotated.gif" 2441</code></pre> 2442 2443<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for 2444a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the 2445best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number 2446of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of 2447distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear 2448'<code>Affine</code>' distortion). </p> 2449 2450<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to 2451find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the 2452'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 2453'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p> 2454 2455<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to a cylindrical 2456resampling <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a>, using a special technique known as 2457EWA resampling. This produces very high quality results, especially when 2458images become smaller (minified) in the output, which is very common when 2459using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion. For example here we view 2460a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the way to the horizon. </p> 2461 2462<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ 2463 -distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ 2464 checks_tiled.jpg 2465</code></pre> 2466 2467<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can 2468be very slow, because of the number of pixels that are compressed to generate 2469each individual pixel close to the 'horizon'. You can turn off EWA 2470resampling, by specifying the special <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of 2471'<code>point</code>' (recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). 2472</p> 2473 2474<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last 2475example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> will use the current <a 2476href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these pixels. If you do not 2477what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match the rest of the 2478ground. </p> 2479 2480<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This 2481means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of 2482the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use 2483the plus form of the operator (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator 2484will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while 2485retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset 2486may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it 2487is unwanted. </p> 2488 2489<p>Setting <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a 2490href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients, 2491and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study, 2492and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p> 2493 2494<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" 2495>-define</a> distort:viewport={geometry_string}</code>" setting which will 2496specify the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the 2497distorted image space.</p> 2498 2499<p>Setting a "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> 2500distort:scale=<var>scale_factor</var></code>" will scale the output image (viewport or 2501otherwise) by that factor without changing the viewed contents of the 2502distorted image. This can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for 2503a higher quality result, or for panning and zooming around the image (with 2504appropriate viewport changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p> 2505 2506<p>Setting "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> resample:verbose=1</code>" 2507will output the cylindrical filter lookup table created by the EWA (Elliptical 2508Weighted Average) resampling algorithm. Note this table uses a squared radius 2509lookup value. This is typically only used for debugging EWA resampling. </p> 2510 2511 2512<div style="margin: auto;"> 2513 <h3><a class="anchor" id="distribute-cache"></a>-distribute-cache <var>port</var></h3> 2514</div> 2515 2516<p class="magick-description">Launch a distributed pixel cache server. </p> 2517 2518<div style="margin: auto;"> 2519 <h3><a class="anchor" id="dither"></a>-dither <var>method</var></h3> 2520</div> 2521 2522<p class="magick-description">Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to 2523images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically 2524when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default.</p> 2525 2526<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the 2527eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This 2528reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of 2529a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of 2530colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p> 2531 2532<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the 2533setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">+dither</a>. This will also render PostScript 2534without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always) 2535leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like 2536image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with 2537color gradients. </p> 2538 2539<p>The color reduction operators <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, <a 2540href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a 2541href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced 2542color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic 2543color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such 2544as <code>GIF:</code>, <code>XBM:</code>, and others, so dithering may also be used 2545in these cases. </p> 2546 2547<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> 2548to generate purely random dither. Or use <a 2549href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither 2550patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p> 2551<p>Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> dither:diffusion-amount=35%</code>, for example, to control the amount of Floyd-Steinberg dither.</p> 2552 2553 2554<div style="margin: auto;"> 2555 <h3><a class="anchor" id="draw"></a>-draw <var>string</var></h3> 2556</div> 2557 2558<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</p> 2559 2560<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic 2561primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel 2562operations.</p> 2563 2564<p>The shape primitives:</p> 2565 2566<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2567<dl class="row"> 2568<dt class="col-md-4">point</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x,y</dd> 2569<dt class="col-md-4">line</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd> 2570<dt class="col-md-4">rectangle</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd> 2571<dt class="col-md-4">roundRectangle</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc</dd> 2572<dt class="col-md-4">arc</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1</dd> 2573<dt class="col-md-4">ellipse</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1</dd> 2574<dt class="col-md-4">circle</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd> 2575<dt class="col-md-4">polyline</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd> 2576<dt class="col-md-4">polygon</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd> 2577<dt class="col-md-4">bezier</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd> 2578<dt class="col-md-4">path</dt><dd class="col-md-8">specification </dd> 2579<dt class="col-md-4">image</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> operator x0,y0 w,h filename</dd> 2580</dl> 2581</div> 2582 2583<p>The text primitive:</p> 2584 2585<dl class="row"> 2586<dt class="col-md-4">text</dt><dd class="col-md-8">x0,y0 string</dd> 2587</dl> 2588<p>The text gravity primitive:</p> 2589 2590<dl class="row"> 2591<dt class="col-md-4">gravity</dt><dd class="col-md-8">NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast</dd> 2592</dl> 2593 2594<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not 2595interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a 2596href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in 2597scope to the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p> 2598 2599<p>The transformation primitives:</p> 2600 2601<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2602<dl class="row"> 2603<dt class="col-md-4">rotate</dt><dd class="col-md-8">degrees</dd> 2604<dt class="col-md-4">translate</dt><dd class="col-md-8">dx,dy</dd> 2605<dt class="col-md-4">scale</dt><dd class="col-md-8">sx,sy</dd> 2606<dt class="col-md-4">skewX</dt><dd class="col-md-8">degrees</dd> 2607<dt class="col-md-4">skewY</dt><dd class="col-md-8">degrees</dd> 2608</dl> 2609</div> 2610 2611<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p> 2612 2613<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2614<dl class="row"> 2615<dt class="col-md-4">color</dt><dd class="col-md-8">x0,y0 method</dd> 2616<dt class="col-md-4">matte</dt><dd class="col-md-8">x0,y0 method</dd> 2617</dl> 2618</div> 2619 2620<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a 2621href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a 2622href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the 2623"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a 2624href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p> 2625 2626<p>A <code>point</code> primitive is specified by a single <var>point</var> in the 2627pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, 2628<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <code>point</code> 2629primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a 2630href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p> 2631 2632<p>A <code>line</code> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p> 2633 2634<p>A <code>rectangle</code> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the 2635upper left and lower right corners.</p> 2636 2637<p>A <code>roundRectangle</code> primitive takes the same corner points as 2638a <code>rectangle</code> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners 2639to be removed.</p> 2640 2641<p>The <code>circle</code> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). 2642Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p> 2643 2644<p>The <code>arc</code> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in 2645to a given rectangle. An <code>arc</code> requires the two corners used for 2646<code>rectangle</code> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the 2647arc of the segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end 2648points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment 2649of an ellipse is filled.</p> 2650 2651<p>Use <code>ellipse</code> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the 2652center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <var>semi-axes</var> of 2653the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 26540,360).</p> 2655 2656<p>The <code>polyline</code> and <code>polygon</code> primitives require three or 2657more points to define their perimeters. A <code>polyline</code> is simply 2658a <code>polygon</code> in which the final point is not stroked to the start 2659point. When unfilled, this is a <var>polygonal line</var>. If the <a 2660href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <code>none</code> (the default), then 2661a <code>polyline</code> is identical to a <code>polygon</code>. </p> 2662 2663<p>A <var>coordinate</var> is a pair of integers separated by a space or 2664optional comma. </p> 2665 2666<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 2667150,150 use:</p> 2668 2669<pre class="highlight"><code>-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150' 2670</code></pre> 2671 2672<p>The <code>Bezier</code> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three 2673or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the 2674<var>knots</var> and these points are attained by the curve, while any 2675intermediate coordinates are <var>control points</var>. If two control points 2676are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective 2677control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If 2678one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one 2679control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If 2680more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points 2681act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order 2682to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the 2683<code>path</code> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with 2684the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p> 2685 2686<pre class="highlight"><code>-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50' 2687-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50' 2688</code></pre> 2689 2690<p>A <code>path</code> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of 2691moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw 2692a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the 2693current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths 2694(i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by 2695one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as 2696<var>donut holes</var> in objects. (See <a 2697href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p> 2698 2699<p>Use <code>image</code> to composite an image with another image. Follow the 2700image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and 2701filename:</p> 2702 2703<pre class="highlight"><code>-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg' 2704</code></pre> 2705 2706<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual 2707dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given 2708dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for 2709a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p> 2710 2711<p>The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require 2712arguments cannot be used at present with the <code>-draw image</code> option. 2713 </p> 2714 2715<p>Use <code>text</code> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text 2716coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in 2717single or double quotes.</p> 2718 2719<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <code>Works like 2720magick!</code> for an image titled <code>bird.miff</code>. </p> 2721 2722<pre class="highlight"><code>-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!'"</code></pre> 2723 2724<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way 2725to annotate an image with text.</p> 2726 2727<p>The <code>rotate</code> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and 2728text primitives about the origin of the main image:</p> 2729 2730<pre class="highlight"><code>-draw "rotate 45 text 10,10 'Works like magick!'"</code></pre> 2731 2732<p>The <code>translate</code> primitive translates subsequent shape and text 2733primitives.</p> 2734 2735<p>The <code>scale</code> primitive scales them.</p> 2736 2737<p>The <code>skewX</code> and <code>skewY</code> primitives skew them with respect 2738to the origin of the main image or the region.</p> 2739 2740<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized 2741from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> 2742option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> 2743option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed 2744by the appearance of another <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option. If another 2745<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is 2746reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p> 2747 2748<p>Use the <code>color</code> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the 2749fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with 2750a method:</p> 2751 2752<pre class="highlight"><code>point 2753replace 2754floodfill 2755filltoborder 2756reset 2757</code></pre> 2758 2759<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The 2760<code>point</code> method recolors the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> 2761method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. 2762<code>Floodfill</code> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target 2763pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> recolors any neighbor 2764pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <code>reset</code> recolors all 2765pixels.</p> 2766 2767<p>Use <code>matte</code> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. 2768Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <code>color</code> primitive 2769for a description of methods). The <code>point</code> method changes the matte 2770value of the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> method changes the matte 2771value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. 2772<code>Floodfill</code> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the 2773color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> 2774changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a 2775href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <code>reset</code> changes the 2776matte value of all pixels.</p> 2777 2778<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a 2779href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#box">-box</a> 2780respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use 2781these options <var>before</var> the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option.</p> 2782 2783<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather 2784than 1.png).</p> 2785 2786<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="magick-vector-graphics.html" >Magick 2787Vector Graphics</a> format.</p> 2788<p>Note, drawing requires an alpha channel. If none is available, an all opaque alpha channel is implicitedly created.</p> 2789 2790 2791<div style="margin: auto;"> 2792 <h3><a class="anchor" id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></h3> 2793</div> 2794 2795<p class="magick-description">Duplicate an image one or more times.</p> 2796 2797<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence. 2798The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the 2799sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify 2800a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 28010,2). Use <code>+duplicate</code> to duplicate the last image in the current 2802image sequence.</p> 2803 2804<div style="margin: auto;"> 2805 <h3><a class="anchor" id="edge"></a>-edge <var>radius</var></h3> 2806</div> 2807 2808<p class="magick-description">Detect edges within an image.</p> 2809 2810<div style="margin: auto;"> 2811 <h3><a class="anchor" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <var>radius</var></h3> 2812</div> 2813 2814<p class="magick-description">Emboss an image.</p> 2815 2816<div style="margin: auto;"> 2817 <h3><a class="anchor" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <var>filename</var></h3> 2818</div> 2819 2820<p class="magick-description">Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>.</p> 2821 2822<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p> 2823 2824<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or 2825Decipher an Image</a>.</p> 2826 2827 2828 2829<div style="margin: auto;"> 2830 <h3><a class="anchor" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <var>type</var></h3> 2831</div> 2832 2833<p class="magick-description">Specify the text encoding.</p> 2834 2835<p>Choose from</p> 2836 2837<pre class="highlight"><code>AdobeCustom AdobeExpert 2838AdobeStandard AppleRoman 2839BIG5 GB2312 2840Latin 2 None 2841SJIScode Symbol 2842Unicode Wansung 2843</code></pre> 2844 2845<div style="margin: auto;"> 2846 <h3><a class="anchor" id="endian"></a>-endian <var>type</var></h3> 2847</div> 2848 2849<p class="magick-description">Specify endianness (<code>MSB</code> or <code>LSB</code>) of the image.</p> 2850 2851<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p> 2852 2853<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p> 2854 2855 2856<div style="margin: auto;"> 2857 <h3><a class="anchor" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h3> 2858</div> 2859 2860<p class="magick-description">Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</p> 2861 2862 2863<div style="margin: auto;"> 2864 <h3><a class="anchor" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h3> 2865</div> 2866 2867<p class="magick-description">Perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</p> 2868 2869<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the 2870image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then 2871equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p> 2872 2873<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <code>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness 2874-equalize -colorspace sRGB</code> ...</p> 2875 2876<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal 2877components transformation that puts most of the information in the first 2878channel. Here we have ... <code>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize 2879-colorspace sRGB</code> ...</p> 2880 2881<div style="margin: auto;"> 2882 <h3><a class="anchor" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <var>operator value</var></h3> 2883</div> 2884 2885<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</p> 2886 2887<p>(See the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator for some 2888multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more 2889elaborate calculations are needed.)</p> 2890 2891<p>The behaviors of each <var>operator</var> are summarized in the 2892following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to 2893below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while 2894a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum 2895(installation-dependent) value <var>QuantumRange</var>. (If 2896normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other 2897calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <var>QuantumRange</var>.)</p> 2898 2899<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 2900<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 2901 <col width="25%" /> 2902 <col width="75%" /> 2903 <thead> 2904 <tr> 2905 <th><var>operator</var></th> 2906 <th>Summary (see further below for details)</th> 2907 </tr> 2908 </thead> 2909 <tbody> 2910 2911 <tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr> 2912 <tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels. </td></tr> 2913 <tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels modulo <var>QuantumRange</var>.</td></tr> 2914 <tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2915 <tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr> 2916 <tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2917 <tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr> 2918 <tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr> 2919 <tr><td>InverseLog </td> <td>Apply inverse scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr> 2920 <tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr> 2921 <tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr> 2922 <tr><td>Max </td> <td>Set pixels to maximum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently less than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr> 2923 <tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <var>value</var> and divide by 2.</td></tr> 2924 <tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr> 2925 <tr><td>Min </td> <td>Set pixels to minimum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently greater than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr> 2926 <tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2927 <tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2928 <tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2929 <tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr> 2930 <tr><td>RMS</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2931 <tr><td>RootMeanSquare</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2932 <tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2933 <tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr> 2934 <tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <var>value</var> from pixels.</td></tr> 2935 <tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <var>value.</var></td></tr> 2936 2937 <tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> 2938 2939 <tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td><td> </td></tr> 2940 <tr><td>Impulse-noise</td><td> </td></tr> 2941 <tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td><td> </td></tr> 2942 <tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="command-line-options.html#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr> 2943 <tr><td>PoissonNoise</td><td> </td></tr> 2944 <tr><td>Uniform-noise</td><td> </td></tr> 2945 2946 <tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> 2947 2948 <tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2949 <tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <var>value</var>.</td></tr> 2950 <tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <var>value</var>. </td></tr> 2951 </tbody> 2952 </table> 2953</div> 2954 2955<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a 2956href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the 2957calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The transparency channel of the image is 2958represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a 2959<code>Divide</code> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image 2960semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<code>%</code>' to specify a value 2961as a percentage of the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p> 2962 2963<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use 2964<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p> 2965 2966<p>The results of the <code>Add</code>, <code>Subtract</code> and 2967<code>Multiply</code> methods can also be achieved using either the <a 2968href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with 2969appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values. 2970Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as 2971'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with 2972'alpha' values.</p> 2973 2974<p><code>AddModulus</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides 2975addition modulo the <var>QuantumRange</var>. It is therefore 2976equivalent to <code>Add</code> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the 2977interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. </p> 2978 2979<p><code>Exp or Exponential</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and 2980works on normalized pixel values. The <var>value</var> used with 2981<code>Exp</code> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential 2982function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and 2983thus outside the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The 2984formula is expressed below. </p> 2985 2986<p class="text-center"> 2987exp(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b>) 2988</p> 2989 2990<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a href="command-line-options.html#-function" 2991>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be 2992the result.</p> 2993 2994<p><code>Log</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on 2995normalized pixel values. This a <var>scaled</var> log function. The <var>value</var> used with <code>Log</code> provides a <var>scaling 2996factor</var> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The 2997formula applied to a normalized value <b><var>u</var></b> is below. </p> 2998 2999<p class="text-center"> 3000log(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b> + 1) / log(<var>value</var> + 1) 3001</p> 3002 3003<p><code>Pow</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on 3004normalized pixel values. Note that <code>Pow</code> is related to the <a 3005href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent 3006to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used 3007with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used 3008with <code>Pow</code>.</p> 3009 3010<p><code>Cosine</code> and <code>Sine</code> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and 3011converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function. 3012The synonyms <code>Cos</code> and <code>Sin</code> may also be used. The output 3013is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value 3014range. The <var>value</var> scaling of the <var>period</var> of the 3015function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will 3016be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <var>value</var> is 1, the effective period is simply the <var>QuantumRange</var>; but if the <var>value</var> is 2, 3017then the effective period is the <var>half</var> the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p> 3018 3019<p class="text-center"> 30200.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><var>u</var></b> × <var>value</var>). 3021</p> 3022 3023<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a 3024multi-value version of evaluate. </p> 3025 3026<div style="margin: auto;"> 3027 <h3><a class="anchor" id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></h3> 3028</div> 3029 3030<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images. Ensure all the images in the sequence are in the same colorspace, otherwise you may get unexpected results, e.g. add <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace sRGB</a> to your command-line.</p> 3031 3032<p>To print a complete list of <a 3033href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> operators, use <a 3034href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p> 3035 3036<div style="margin: auto;"> 3037 <h3><a class="anchor" id="extent"></a>-extent <var>geometry</var></h3> 3038</div> 3039 3040<p class="magick-description">Set the image size and offset.</p> 3041 3042<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. 3043To position the image, use offsets in the <var>geometry</var> 3044specification or precede with a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To 3045specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" 3046>-compose</a>.</p> 3047 3048<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600 3049display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the 3050image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p> 3051 3052<pre class="highlight"><code>magick input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ 3053 -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg 3054</code></pre> 3055 3056<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 3057 3058<div style="margin: auto;"> 3059 <h3><a class="anchor" id="extract"></a>-extract <var>geometry</var></h3> 3060</div> 3061 3062<p class="magick-description">Extract the specified area from image.</p> 3063 3064<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw 3065image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p> 3066 3067<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ 3068 image.rgb image.png", 3069convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ 3070 image.rgb image.png" 3071</code></pre> 3072 3073<p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p> 3074 3075<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ 3076 image.rgb image.png 3077</code></pre> 3078 3079<p>the image is <var>resized</var> to the specified dimensions instead, 3080equivalent to:</p> 3081 3082<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png 3083</code></pre> 3084 3085<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 3086 3087<div style="margin: auto;"> 3088 <h3><a class="anchor" id="family"></a>-family <var>fontFamily</var></h3> 3089</div> 3090 3091<p class="magick-description">Set a font family for text.</p> 3092 3093<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for 3094rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font 3095(e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., 3096"Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found). Note, the family can be a CSS-style font list.</p> 3097 3098<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options 3099<a href="../www/command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, 3100<a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">-pointsize</a>, 3101<a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, 3102<a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, 3103and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p> 3104 3105<div style="margin: auto;"> 3106 <h3><a class="anchor" id="features"></a>-features <var>distance</var></h3> 3107</div> 3108 3109<p class="magick-description">Display (co-occurrence matrix) texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</p> 3110 3111<pre class="highlight"><code>Angular Second Moment Sum Entropy 3112Contrast Entropy 3113Correlation Difference Variance 3114Sum of Squares Variance Difference Entropy 3115Inverse Difference Moment Information Measure of Correlation 1 3116Sum Average Information Measure of Correlation 2 3117Sum Variance Maximum Correlation Coefficient 3118</code></pre> 3119 3120<div style="margin: auto;"> 3121 <h3><a class="anchor" id="fft"></a>-fft</h3> 3122</div> 3123 3124<p class="magick-description">Implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p> 3125 3126<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows 3127users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal 3128(spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is 3129represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying 3130amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along 3131the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are 3132complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for 3133example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier 3134Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier 3135Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier 3136Transform</a>.</p> 3137 3138<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the 3139output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two 3140separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports 3141multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the 3142frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be 3143visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated 3144into a two-component image representation. The first component is the 3145magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex 3146number. See for example, <a 3147href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p> 3148 3149<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image 3150formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, 3151PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these 3152formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p> 3153 3154<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png -fft fft_image.miff 3155</code></pre> 3156 3157<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image.miff[0]</code> and a phase 3158image as <code>fft_image.miff[1]</code>. Similarly,</p> 3159 3160<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png -fft fft_image.png 3161</code></pre> 3162 3163<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image-0.png</code> and a phase image 3164as <code>fft_image-1.png</code>. If you prefer this representation, then you can 3165force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a 3166href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p> 3167 3168<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it 3169is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input 3170image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom 3171and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and 3172phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a 3173href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p> 3174 3175<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within 3176[0, <var>QuantumRange</var>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. 3177Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full 3178dynamic range. (The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not 3179scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain 3180very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In 3181order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log 3182function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to 3183enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can 3184be done, for example, as follows:</p> 3185 3186<pre class="highlight"><code>magick fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ 3187 -evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png" 3188</code></pre> 3189 3190<p>where either <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a 3191href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic 3192range, first. The argument to the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log 3193typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of 3194detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more 3195visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p> 3196 3197<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to 3198use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>.</p> 3199 3200<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real 3201and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p> 3202 3203<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, 3204this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must 3205use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component 3206results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional 3207values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either 3208MIFF or TIF, one should add <code>-define quantum:format=32</code>, to allow those image 3209types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p> 3210 3211<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a 3212href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same 3213padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component 3214images.</p> 3215 3216<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a 3217href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more 3218about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a 3219href="https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages, <a 3220href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html" 3221>Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a 3222 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging" >Wikipedia</a> 3223 entry. </p> 3224 3225<p>By default the FFT is normalized (and the IFT is not). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=forward</code> to explicitly normalize the FFT and unnormalize the IFT.</p> 3226 3227 3228<div style="margin: auto;"> 3229 <h3><a class="anchor" id="fill"></a>-fill <var>color</var></h3> 3230</div> 3231 3232<p class="magick-description">Color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</p> 3233 3234<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, 3235HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html" >Color Names</a> for 3236a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p> 3237 3238<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or 3239the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p> 3240 3241<p>For example,</p> 3242 3243<pre class="highlight"><code>-fill blue 3244-fill "#ddddff" 3245-fill "rgb(255,255,255)" 3246</code></pre> 3247 3248<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p> 3249 3250<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list color</a> option.</p> 3251 3252<div style="margin: auto;"> 3253 <h3><a class="anchor" id="filter"></a>-filter <var>type</var></h3> 3254</div> 3255 3256<p class="magick-description">Use this <var>type</var> of filter when resizing or distorting an image.</p> 3257 3258<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during 3259operations such as <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" 3260>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p> 3261 3262<pre class="highlight"><code>Point Hermite Cubic 3263Box Gaussian Catrom 3264Triangle Quadratic Mitchell 3265CubicSpline 3266</code></pre> 3267 3268<p>Use <code>-define filter:lobes={2,3,4}</code> to specify the support size for filtering for the <code>CubicSpline</code> filter.</p> 3269 3270<p>The <code>Bessel</code> and <code>Sinc</code> filter is also provided (as well 3271as a faster <code>SincFast</code> equivalent form). However these filters are 3272generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being 3273clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended 3274except via expert settings (see below). </p> 3275 3276<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing 3277function that the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is 3278using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the 3279operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p> 3280 3281<pre class="highlight"><code>Lanczos Hamming Parzen 3282Blackman Kaiser Welsh 3283Hanning Bartlett Bohman 3284</code></pre> 3285 3286<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided 3287<code>Lagrange</code>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending 3288on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p> 3289 3290<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to 3291<code>Mitchell</code> for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or 3292if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to 3293<code>Lanczos</code>.</p> 3294 3295<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 3296filter</a> option.</p> 3297 3298<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the 3299use of these expert settings (see also <a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> and <a 3300href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>):-</p> 3301 3302<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 3303<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 3304 <tr> 3305 <td>-define filter:blur=<var>factor</var></td> 3306 <td>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for 3307 blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and 3308 Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected 3309 results. </td> 3310 </tr> 3311 3312 <tr> 3313 <td>-define filter:support=<var>radius</var></td> 3314 <td>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and 3315 thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All 3316 filters have a default 'preferred' support size. Some filters like 3317 <code>Lagrange</code> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on 3318 this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow 3319 the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way. 3320 </td> 3321 </tr> 3322 3323 <tr> 3324 <td>-define filter:lobes=<var>count</var></td> 3325 <td>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an 3326 alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is 3327 designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for 3328 image distorts.</td> 3329 </tr> 3330 3331 <tr> 3332 <td>-define filter:sigma=<var>value</var></td> 3333 <td>The 'sigma' value used to define the <code>Gaussian</code> filter. Default 3334 sigma value is '<code>0.5</code>'. It only affects <code>Gaussian</code> but 3335 does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used 3336 to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due 3337 to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<code>0.707</code>' 3338 (a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </td> 3339 </tr> 3340 3341 <tr> 3342 <td>-define filter:b=<var>b-spline_factor</var></td> 3343 </tr> 3344 3345 <tr> 3346 <td>-define filter:c=<var>keys_alpha_factor</var></td> 3347 <td>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <code>Cubic</code>, 3348 <code>Catrom</code>, <code>Mitchel</code>, and <code>Hermite</code>, as well as 3349 the <code>Parzen</code> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values 3350 are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter. 3351 The values meaning was defined by a research paper by 3352 Mitchell-Netravali.</td> 3353 </tr> 3354 3355 <tr> 3356 <td>-define filter:kaiser-beta=<var>value</var></td> 3357 <td>The 'alpha' value used to as part of the Kaiser Windowing function. 3358 Default value is '6.5'. It only affects Kaiser windowing function, and 3359 does not affect any other attributes. 3360 Before ImageMagick v6.7.6-10, this option was known as "filter:alpha", (an 3361 inheritance from the very old "zoom" program). It was changed to bring the 3362 function in line with more modern academic research usage, and better 3363 assign it be more definitive. </td> 3364 </tr> 3365 3366 <tr> 3367 <td>-define filter:kaiser-alpha=<var>value</var></td> 3368 <td>This value when multiplied by 'PI' is equivalent to "kaiser-beta", and 3369 will override that setting. It only affects Kaiser windowing function, 3370 and does not affect any other attributes. </td> 3371 </tr> 3372 3373 <tr> 3374 <td>-define filter:filter=<var>filter_function</var></td> 3375 <td>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow 3376 you to directly use a windowing function such as <code>Blackman</code>, 3377 as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing 3378 function. If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set 3379 to <code>Box</code>). Directly specifying <code>Sinc</code> or <code>Jinc</code> 3380 as a filter will also do this. </td> 3381 </tr> 3382 3383 <tr> 3384 <td>-define filter:window=<var>filter_function</var></td> 3385 <td>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <code>Sinc</code> and 3386 <code>Jinc</code> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined 3387 support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter 3388 function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters. 3389 Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR 3390 filters. A typical choices is <code>Box</code>, (which effectively turns 3391 off the windowing function). </td> 3392 </tr> 3393 3394 <tr> 3395 <td>-define filter:win-support=<var>radius</var></td> 3396 <td>Scale windowing function to this size instead. This causes the windowing 3397 (or self-windowing Lagrange filter) to act is if the support window is 3398 larger than what is actually supplied to the calling operator. The filter 3399 however is still clipped to the real support size given. If unset this 3400 will equal the normal filter support size. </td> 3401 </tr> 3402 3403 <tr> 3404 <td>-define filter:verbose=<var>1</var></td> 3405 <td>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter 3406 selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the 3407 filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be 3408 easily graphed. Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other filters. The <code>Lanczos</code> filter for example is defined in terms of 3409 a <code>SincFast</code> windowed <code>SincFast</code> filter, while 3410 <code>Mitchell</code> is defined as a general <code>Cubic</code> family filter 3411 with specific 'B' and 'C' settings. </td> 3412 </tr> 3413 3414</table> 3415</div> 3416 3417<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe jinc windowed sinc filter (Genseng filter?):</p> 3418 3419<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png \ 3420 -filter sinc \ 3421 -set filter:window=jinc \ 3422 -set filter:lobes=8 \ 3423 -resize 150% image.jpg" 3424</code></pre> 3425 3426<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p> 3427 3428<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png \ 3429 -set filter:filter=sinc \ 3430 -set filter:lobes=4 \ 3431 -resize 150% image.jpg" 3432</code></pre> 3433 3434<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with 3435a '<code>Box</code>' filter. For example the '<code>Welch</code> parabolic 3436windowing function. </p> 3437 3438<pre class="highlight"><code>magick null: -define filter:filter=Box \ 3439 -define filter:window=Welch \ 3440 -define filter:support=1.0 \ 3441 -define filter:verbose=1 \ 3442 -resize 2 null: > window_welch.dat 3443gnuplot 3444 set grid 3445 plot \"window_welch.dat\" with lines 3446</code></pre> 3447 3448<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts 3449who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this 3450knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters 3451involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image 3452resizing.</p> 3453 3454 3455<div style="margin: auto;"> 3456 <h3><a class="anchor" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h3> 3457</div> 3458 3459<p class="magick-description">This is a simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</p> 3460 3461 3462<div style="margin: auto;"> 3463 <h3><a class="anchor" id="flip"></a>-flip</h3> 3464</div> 3465 3466<p class="magick-description">Create a <var>mirror image</var></p> 3467 3468<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored 3469upside-down. </p> 3470 3471 3472<div style="margin: auto;"> 3473 <h3><a class="anchor" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var> <var>color</var></h3> 3474</div> 3475 3476<p class="magick-description">Floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</p> 3477 3478<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity affected. 3479Any color that matches within <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the 3480given <var>color</var> argument, connected to that 'seed point' 3481will be replaced with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p> 3482 3483<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given 3484<var>color</var> (according to <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no 3485action will be taken. </p> 3486 3487<p>This operator works more like the <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> option, than 3488a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed 3489point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="command-line-options.html#draw" >-draw</a> and 3490its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p> 3491 3492 3493<div style="margin: auto;"> 3494 <h3><a class="anchor" id="flop"></a>-flop</h3> 3495</div> 3496 3497<p class="magick-description">Create a <var>mirror image</var>.</p> 3498 3499<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in 3500a vertical mirror. </p> 3501 3502 3503<div style="margin: auto;"> 3504 <h3><a class="anchor" id="font"></a>-font <var>name</var></h3> 3505</div> 3506 3507<p class="magick-description">Set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</p> 3508 3509<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list font</a> 3510option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p> 3511 3512<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can 3513also specify a font from a specific source. For example <code>Arial.ttf</code> 3514is a TrueType font file, <code>ps:helvetica</code> is PostScript font, and 3515<code>x:fixed</code> is X11 font.</p> 3516 3517<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a 3518href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a 3519href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p> 3520 3521 3522<div style="margin: auto;"> 3523 <h3><a class="anchor" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <var>color</var></h3> 3524</div> 3525 3526<p class="magick-description">Define the foreground color for menus.", "display</p> 3527 3528<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a 3529href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 3530 3531<p>The default foreground color is black.</p> 3532 3533<div style="margin: auto;"> 3534 <h3><a class="anchor" id="format"></a>-format <var>type</var></h3> 3535</div> 3536 3537<p class="magick-description">The image format type.</p> 3538 3539<p>When used with the <code>mogrify</code> utility, this option converts any 3540image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify. 3541For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a 3542href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p> 3543 3544<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the 3545filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with 3546the image format type specified with <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a>. For 3547example, if you specify <var>tiff</var> as the format type and the 3548input image filename is <var>image.gif</var>, the output image 3549filename becomes <var>image.tiff</var>.</p> 3550 3551<div style="margin: auto;"> 3552 <h3><a class="anchor" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <var>string</var></h3> 3553</div> 3554 3555<p class="magick-description">Output formatted image characteristics.</p> 3556 3557<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image 3558Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this 3559option.</p> 3560 3561<div style="margin: auto;"> 3562 <h3><a class="anchor" id="frame"></a>-frame <var>geometry</var></h3> 3563</div> 3564 3565<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</p> 3566 3567<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" 3568>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p> 3569 3570<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument indicates the amount of extra width and 3571height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given 3572in the <var>geometry</var> argument, then the border added is 3573a solid color. Offsets <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, if present, specify that 3574the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of 3575thickness <var>x</var> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness 3576<var>y</var> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments. 3577</p> 3578 3579<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a 3580href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default 3581'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate 3582size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then 3583draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a 3584href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto 3585center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of 3586'<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a 3587href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p> 3588 3589<p>The image composition is not 3590affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p> 3591 3592 3593<div style="margin: auto;"> 3594 <h3><a class="anchor" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h3> 3595</div> 3596 3597<p class="magick-description">Include the X window frame in the imported image. </p> 3598<div style="margin: auto;"> 3599 <h3><a class="anchor" id="function"></a>-function <var>function</var> <var>parameters</var></h3> 3600</div> 3601 3602<p class="magick-description">Apply a function to channel values.</p> 3603 3604<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify 3605each of the color values for each previously set <a 3606href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a 3607href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the 3608calculations are handled.</p> 3609 3610<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a 3611href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in 3612ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p> 3613 3614<p>Here, <var>parameters</var> is a comma-separated list of 3615numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <var>function</var> is selected. Choose the <var>function</var> from:</p> 3616 3617<pre class="highlight"><code>Polynomial 3618Sinusoid 3619Arcsin 3620Arctan 3621</code></pre> 3622 3623<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> operators, 3624use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p> 3625 3626<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 3627<dl class="row"> 3628 <dt class="col-md-4">Polynomial</dt> 3629 <dd class="col-md-8"><p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, 3630these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. 3631That is, entering</p> 3632 3633<pre class="highlight"><code>-function Polynomial <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub>,<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub>,...<var>a</var><sub>1</sub>,<var>a</var><sub>0</sub> 3634</code></pre> 3635 3636<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p> 3637 3638<pre class="highlight"><code><var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var></sup> + <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var>-1</sup> + ··· <var>a</var><sub>1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>a</var><sub>0</sub>, 3639</code></pre> 3640 3641<p>where <b><var>u</var></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p> 3642 3643<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function can be used in place of <code>Set</code> 3644(the <var>constant</var> polynomial) and <code>Add</code>, <code>Divide</code>, 3645<code>Multiply</code>, and <code>Subtract</code> (some <var>linear</var> 3646polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a 3647href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some 3648correspondences follow.</p> 3649 3650<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 3651<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 3652 <tr> 3653 <td>-evaluate Set <var>value</var> </td> 3654 <td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var></td> 3655 <td>(Constant functions; set <var>value</var>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td> 3656 </tr> 3657 <tr> 3658 <td>-evaluate Add <var>value</var> </td> 3659 <td>-function Polynomial 1,<var>value</var></td> 3660 </tr> 3661 <tr> 3662 <td>-evaluate Subtract <var>value</var> </td> 3663 <td>-function Polynomial 1,−<var>value</var></td> 3664 </tr> 3665 <tr> 3666 <td>-evaluate Multiply <var>value</var> </td> 3667 <td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var>,0</td> 3668 </tr> 3669 <tr> 3670 <td>+level black% x white%</td> 3671 <td>-function Polynomial A,B</td> 3672 <td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td> 3673 </tr> 3674</table> 3675</div> 3676 3677<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function gives great versatility, since 3678polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy 3679desired.</p> 3680 3681</dd> 3682<dt class="col-md-4">Sinusoid</dt> 3683<dd class="col-md-8"> 3684<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function can be used to vary the channel values 3685sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These 3686values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p> 3687 3688<pre class="highlight"><code>-function <code>Sinusoid</code> <var>freq</var>,[<var>phase</var>,[<var>amp</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]] 3689</code></pre> 3690 3691<p>where <var>phase</var> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function 3692corresponds to 0 through <var>freq</var>×360 degrees.) 3693The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally 3694<b><var>u</var></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p> 3695 3696<pre class="highlight"><code><var>amp</var> * sin(2*π* (<var>freq</var> * <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>phase</var> / 360)) + <var>bias</var> 3697</code></pre> 3698 3699<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 3700(when <b><var>u</var></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between 3701.7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p> 3702 3703<pre class="highlight"><code>-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7 3704</code></pre> 3705 3706<p>The default values of <var>amp</var> and <var>bias</var> are both .5. The default for <var>phase</var> 3707is 0.</p> 3708 3709<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function generalizes <code>Sin</code> and 3710<code>Cos</code> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing 3711varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p> 3712 3713<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 3714<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 3715 <tr> 3716 <td>-evaluate Sin <var>freq</var> </td> 3717 <td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,0 </td> 3718 </tr> 3719 <tr> 3720 <td>-evaluate Cos <var>freq</var> </td> 3721 <td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,90 </td> 3722 </tr> 3723</table> 3724</div> 3725 </dd> 3726<dt class="col-md-4">ArcSin</dt> 3727<dd class="col-md-8"> 3728<p>The <code>ArcSin</code> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid, 3729and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps. 3730The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range 3731of values.</p> 3732 3733<pre class="highlight"><code>-function <code>ArcSin</code> <var>width</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]] 3734</code></pre> 3735 3736<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black, 37371.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0 3738for bout input (<var>width</var>), and output (<var>width</var>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p> 3739 3740<pre class="highlight"><code><var>range</var>/π * asin( 2/<var>width</var> * ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var> 3741</code></pre> 3742 3743</dd> 3744<dt class="col-md-4">ArcTan</dt> 3745<dd class="col-md-8"> 3746<p>The <code>ArcTan</code> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from 3747limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value. 3748All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p> 3749 3750<pre class="highlight"><code>-function <code>ArcTan</code> <var>slope</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]] 3751</code></pre> 3752 3753<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'. 3754</p> 3755 3756<pre class="highlight"><code><var>range</var>/π * atan( <var>slope</var>*π * ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var> 3757</code></pre> 3758 </dd> 3759</dl> 3760</div> 3761 3762 3763 3764<div style="margin: auto;"> 3765 <h3><a class="anchor" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <var>distance</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 3766</div> 3767 3768<p class="magick-description">Colors within this <var>distance</var> are considered equal.</p> 3769 3770<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must 3771be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color 3772in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an 3773image with <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target 3774background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for 3775these differences.</p> 3776 3777<p>The <var>distance</var> can be in absolute intensity units or, by 3778appending <code>%</code> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 377965535, or 4294967295).</p> 3780 3781<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >+fuzz</a> to reset the fuzz value to 0.</p> 3782 3783 3784<div style="margin: auto;"> 3785 <h3><a class="anchor" id="fx"></a>-fx <var>expression</var></h3> 3786</div> 3787 3788<p class="magick-description">Apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</p> 3789 3790<p>If the first character of <var>expression</var> is <code>@</code>, 3791the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the 3792string.</p> 3793 3794<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, 3795The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this 3796option.</p> 3797 3798 3799<div style="margin: auto;"> 3800 <h3><a class="anchor" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <var>value</var></h3> 3801</div> 3802 3803<p class="magick-description">Level of gamma correction.</p> 3804 3805<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look 3806different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to 3807adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 3808<code>0.8</code> to <code>2.3</code>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and 3809gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may 3810result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only 3811eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p> 3812 3813<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to 3814a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the 3815normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the 3816same as taking the square root of the image.</p> 3817 3818<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <var>value</var></a> to set the 3819image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option 3820is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute 3821(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the 3822display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA 3823chunk, use</p> 3824 3825<pre class="highlight"><code>magick input.png +gamma .45455 output.png 3826</code></pre> 3827 3828<p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p> 3829 3830<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator.</p> 3831 3832<div style="margin: auto;"> 3833 <h3><a class="anchor" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var><br />-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}</h3> 3834</div> 3835 3836<p class="magick-description">Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</p> 3837 3838<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given 3839<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p> 3840 3841<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/> </p> 3842 3843<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and 3844determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p> 3845 3846<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the 3847array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an 3848integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible 3849radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution. 3850</p> 3851 3852<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the radius the slower the 3853operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and severe 3854aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var> 3855should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three 3856times will produce a more accurate result. </p> 3857 3858<p>This differs from the faster <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a 3859full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the 3860neighboring pixels. </p> 3861 3862<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how 3863pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result. 3864</p> 3865 3866 3867<div style="margin: auto;"> 3868 <h3><a class="anchor" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <var>geometry</var></h3> 3869</div> 3870 3871<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred size and location of the image.</p> 3872 3873<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 3874 3875<div style="margin: auto;"> 3876 <h3><a class="anchor" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <var>type</var></h3> 3877</div> 3878 3879<p class="magick-description">Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</p> 3880 3881<p>Choices include: <code>NorthWest</code>, <code>North</code>, 3882<code>NorthEast</code>, <code>West</code>, <code>Center</code>, <code>East</code>, 3883<code>SouthWest</code>, <code>South</code>, <code>SouthEast</code>. Use <a 3884href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a 3885href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick 3886installation.</p> 3887 3888<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For 3889example, a gravity of <code>Center</code> forces the text to be centered within 3890the image. By default, the image gravity is <code>undefined</code>. See <a 3891href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the 3892text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a 3893href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p> 3894 3895<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the 3896<a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that 3897take <var>geometry</var> as an argument, such as the <a 3898href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> option. </p> 3899 3900<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option 3901or setting having a <var>geometry</var> argument that specifies an 3902offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested 3903by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following 3904command, for example, suppose the file <code>image.png</code> has dimensions 3905200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> 3906is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is 3907<code>Center</code>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point 3908(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving 3909(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at 3910that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the 3911region itself, which is <var>centered</var> at the pixel 3912coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p> 3913 3914<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ 3915 -negate output.png 3916</code></pre> 3917 3918<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a 3919href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates 3920within the composite.</p> 3921 3922<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a 3923href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates 3924within a tile. The default gravity is <code>Center</code> for this purpose.</p> 3925 3926<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">+gravity</a> to return gravity to its default value.</p> 3927 3928 3929<div style="margin: auto;"> 3930 <h3><a class="anchor" id="grayscale"></a>-grayscale <var>method</var></h3> 3931</div> 3932 3933<p class="magick-description">Convert image to grayscale.</p> 3934 3935<p>This will use one of the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> methods to 3936convert the given image into a grayscale image. </p> 3937 3938<p>For example, to convert an image to (linear) Rec709Luminance grayscale, type:</p> 3939 3940<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -grayscale Rec709Luminance out.png 3941</code></pre> 3942 3943<p>which is equivalent to:</p> 3944 3945<pre class="highlight"> 3946<code>magick in.png -colorspace RGB -colorspace Gray out.png</code> 3947or 3948<code>magick in.png -colorspace LinearGray out.png</code> 3949</pre> 3950 3951<p>Similarly, to convert an image to (non-linear) Rec709Luma grayscale, type:</p> 3952 3953<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -grayscale Rec709Luma out.png 3954</code></pre> 3955 3956<p>which is equivalent to:</p> 3957 3958<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -colorspace Gray out.png 3959</code></pre> 3960 3961<p>Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result 3962regardless of the current colorpsace of the image. But a 'mathematical' 3963intensity method depends on the current colorspace the image is currently 3964using. </p> 3965 3966<p>While this operation uses an <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> method, 3967it does not use or set the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting, so 3968will not affect other operations that may use that setting.</p> 3969 3970 3971<div style="margin: auto;"> 3972 <h3><a class="anchor" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <var>x,y</var></h3> 3973</div> 3974 3975<p class="magick-description">Green chromaticity primary point.</p> 3976 3977 3978<div style="margin: auto;"> 3979 <h3><a class="anchor" id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h3> 3980</div> 3981 3982<p class="magick-description">Apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</p> 3983 3984<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2 3985dimensions. Create it with the <code>HALD:</code> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You 3986can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option 3987to apply the transform to the image. </p> 3988 3989<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png 3990</code></pre> 3991 3992<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop 3993to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them 3994to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p> 3995 3996<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that 3997the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the 3998represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a 3999href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting affected, nor can it adjust or modify an 4000images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p> 4001 4002<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement 4003of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler grayscale 4004image. E.g: grayscale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram 4005mapping. </p> 4006 4007 4008<div style="margin: auto;"> 4009 <h3><a class="anchor" id="help"></a>-help</h3> 4010</div> 4011 4012<p class="magick-description">Print usage instructions.</p> 4013 4014<div style="margin: auto;"> 4015 <h3><a class="anchor" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <var>color</var></h3> 4016</div> 4017 4018<p class="magick-description">When comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p> 4019 4020<div style="margin: auto;"> 4021 <h3><a class="anchor" id="hough-lines"></a>-hough-lines <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3> 4022</div> 4023 4024<p class="magick-description">Identify straight lines in the image (e.g. -hough-lines 9x9+195).</p> 4025 4026<p>Use the Hough line detector with any binary edge extracted image to locate and draw any straight lines that it finds.</p> 4027 4028<p>The process accumulates counts for every white pixel in the binary edge image for every possible orientation (for angles from 0 to 179 in 1 deg increments) and distance from the center of the image to the corners (in 1 px increments). It stores the counts in an accumulator matrix of angle vs distance. The size of the accumulator will be 180x(diagonal/2). Next it searches the accumulator for peaks in counts and converts the locations of the peaks to slope and intercept in the normal x,y input image space. The algorithm uses slope/intercepts to find the endpoints clipped to the bounds of the image. The lines are drawn from the given endpoints. The counts are a measure of the length of the lines.</p>. 4029 4030<p>The WxH arguments specify the filter size for locating the peaks in the Hough accumulator. The threshold excludes lines whose counts are less than the threshold value.</p> 4031 4032<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a></code> to specify the color of the background onto which the lines will be drawn. The default is black.</p> 4033 4034<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a></code> to specify the color of the lines. The default is black.</p> 4035 4036<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke" >-stroke</a></code> and <code><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth" >-strokewidth</a></code> to specify the thickness of the lines. The default is black and no strokewidth.</p> 4037 4038<p>A text file listing the endpoints and counts may be created by using the suffix, .mvg, for the output image.</p> 4039 4040<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> hough-lines:accumulator=true</code> to return the accumulator image in addition to the lines image.</p> 4041 4042<div style="margin: auto;"> 4043 <h3><a class="anchor" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <var>geometry</var></h3> 4044</div> 4045 4046<p class="magick-description">Specify the icon geometry.</p> 4047 4048<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same 4049manner as the <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to 4050handle negative offsets.</p> 4051 4052<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 4053 4054<div style="margin: auto;"> 4055 <h3><a class="anchor" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h3> 4056</div> 4057 4058<p class="magick-description">Start in icon mode in X Windows", 'animate', 'display</p> 4059 4060<div style="margin: auto;"> 4061 <h3><a class="anchor" id="identify"></a>-identify</h3> 4062</div> 4063 4064<p class="magick-description">Identify the format and characteristics of the image.</p> 4065 4066<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; 4067the image class (<var>DirectClass</var> or <var>PseudoClass</var>); the total number of unique colors; and the 4068number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="miff.html">MIFF</a> for 4069a description of the image class.</p> 4070 4071<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors 4072in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a 4073href="../www/quantize.html">color 4074reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p> 4075 4076<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious 4077amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles, 4078image histogram, and others.</p> 4079 4080<div style="margin: auto;"> 4081 <h3><a class="anchor" id="ift"></a>-ift</h3> 4082</div> 4083 4084<p class="magick-description">Implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p> 4085 4086<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows 4087users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase 4088images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial 4089domain. See for example, <a 4090href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, 4091<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and 4092<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p> 4093 4094<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of 4095the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p> 4096 4097<pre class="highlight"><code>magick fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png 4098</code></pre> 4099 4100<p>or</p> 4101 4102<pre class="highlight"><code>magick fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png 4103</code></pre> 4104 4105<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when 4106the original image, prior to the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> or <a 4107href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at 4108the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p> 4109 4110<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to 4111use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a>.</p> 4112 4113<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real 4114and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal 4115(spatial) domain.</p> 4116 4117<p>By default the IFT is not normalized (and the FFT is). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=inverse</code> to explicitly normalize the IFT and unnormalize the FFT.</p> 4118 4119<div style="margin: auto;"> 4120 <h3><a class="anchor" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h3> 4121</div> 4122 4123<p class="magick-description">Make image immutable.</p> 4124 4125<div style="margin: auto;"> 4126 <h3><a class="anchor" id="implode"></a>-implode <var>factor</var></h3> 4127</div> 4128 4129<p class="magick-description">Implode image pixels about the center.</p> 4130 4131<div style="margin: auto;"> 4132 <h3><a class="anchor" id="insert"></a>-insert <var>index</var></h3> 4133</div> 4134 4135<p class="magick-description">Insert the last image into the image sequence.</p> 4136 4137<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it 4138at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is 4139calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such 4140<code>-insert -1</code> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p> 4141 4142<p>The <code>+insert</code> option is equivalent to <code>-insert -1</code>. In 4143other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. 4144Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p> 4145 4146<div style="margin: auto;"> 4147 <h3><a class="anchor" id="intensity"></a>-intensity <var>method</var></h3> 4148</div> 4149 4150<p class="magick-description">Method to generate intensity value from pixel.</p> 4151 4152<p>ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an 4153operator needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from 4154an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the 4155<code>Rec709Luma</code> formula is used, which is the same formula used when converting images to <code>-colorspace gray</code>. </p> 4156 4157<p>The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert 4158the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before 4159being applied to calculate the final greyscale value. </p> 4160 4161<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 4162<dl class="row"> 4163<dt class="col-md-4">Rec601Luma</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> 0.298839R' + 0.586811G'+ 0.114350B'</dd> 4164<dt class="col-md-4">Rec601Luminance</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> 0.298839R + 0.586811G + 0.114350B</dd> 4165<dt class="col-md-4">Rec709Luma</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> 0.212656R' + 0.715158G' + 0.072186B'</dd> 4166<dt class="col-md-4">Rec709Luminance</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> 0.212656R + 0.715158G + 0.072186B</dd> 4167<dt class="col-md-4">Brightness</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> max(R', G', B')</dd> 4168<dt class="col-md-4">Lightness</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> (min(R', G', B') + max(R', G', B')) / 2.0</dd> 4169</dl> 4170</div> 4171 4172<p>Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while 4173R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values. </p> 4174 4175<p>These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the 4176current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of 4177what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using.</p> 4178 4179<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 4180<dl class="row"> 4181<dt class="col-md-4">Average</dt><dd class="col-md-8">(R' + G' + B') / 3.0</dd> 4182<dt class="col-md-4">MS</dt><dd class="col-md-8">(R'^2 + G'^2 + B'^2) / 3.0</dd> 4183<dt class="col-md-4">RMS</dt><dd class="col-md-8">sqrt( (R'^2 + G'^2 + B'^2) / 3.0 )</dd> 4184</dl> 4185</div> 4186 4187<p>These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a 4188grayscale difference image between two color images (using <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" 4189>-compose</a> '<code>Difference</code>' composition. </p> 4190 4191<p> For example The 'MS' (Mean Squared) setting is good for minimizing color 4192error comparisions. While... The method 'RMS' (Root Mean Squared) for 4193example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color 4194difference image. This is equivalent to the color only component of the <a 4195href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor color compare setting. </p> 4196 4197<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale" >-grayscale</a> which applies one of the above 4198grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the <a 4199href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting.</p> 4200 4201<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace gray</a> image conversion also uses 4202the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the 4203appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above 4204function.</p> 4205 4206<p>To print a complete list of possible pixel intensity setting methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intensity</a>.</p> 4207 4208<p>Operators affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting include:</p> 4209 4210<pre class="highlight"><code>-adaptive-blur 4211-adaptive-sharpen 4212-black-threshold 4213-clut (when mapping greyscale CLUT image to alpha channel if set by -channels) 4214-colors for gray colorspace 4215-compose {LightenIntensity, DarkenIntensity, CopyOpacity, CopyBlack} 4216-contrast-stretch 4217-distort {ErodeIntensity, DilateIntensity} 4218-normalize 4219-random-threshold 4220-range-threshold 4221-selective-blur 4222-shade 4223-threshold 4224-tint 4225-white-threshold 4226</code></pre> 4227 4228<div style="margin: auto;"> 4229 <h3><a class="anchor" id="intent"></a>-intent <var>type</var></h3> 4230</div> 4231 4232<p class="magick-description">Use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</p> 4233 4234<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see 4235<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <code>Absolute, 4236Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</code>.</p> 4237 4238<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p> 4239 4240<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intent</a>.</p> 4241 4242<div style="margin: auto;"> 4243 <h3><a class="anchor" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <var>type</var></h3> 4244</div> 4245 4246<p class="magick-description">The type of interlacing scheme.</p> 4247 4248<p>Choose from:</p> 4249 4250<pre class="highlight"><code>none 4251line 4252plane 4253partition 4254JPEG 4255GIF 4256PNG 4257</code></pre> 4258 4259<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image 4260formats such as <code>RGB</code> or <code>YUV</code>.</p> 4261 4262<p><code>None</code> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p> 4263 4264<p><code>Line</code> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p> 4265 4266<p><code>Plane</code> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p> 4267 4268<p><code>Partition</code> is like plane except the different planes are saved to 4269individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p> 4270 4271<p>Use <code>Line</code> or <code>Plane</code> to create an <code>interlaced 4272PNG</code> or <code>GIF</code> or <code>progressive JPEG</code> image.</p> 4273 4274<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 4275interlace</a>.</p> 4276 4277<div style="margin: auto;"> 4278 <h3><a class="anchor" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <var>type</var></h3> 4279</div> 4280 4281<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</p> 4282 4283<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point 4284value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source 4285image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of 4286the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a 4287point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p> 4288 4289<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 4290<dl class="row"> 4291 <dt class="col-md-4">average</dt> 4292 <dd class="col-md-8">The average color of the surrounding four pixels</dd> 4293 <dt class="col-md-4">average4</dt> 4294 <dd class="col-md-8">The average color of the surrounding four pixels</dd> 4295 <dt class="col-md-4">average9</dt> 4296 <dd class="col-md-8">The average color of the surrounding nine pixels</dd> 4297 <dt class="col-md-4">average16</dt> 4298 <dd class="col-md-8">The average color of the surrounding sixteen pixels</dd> 4299 <dt class="col-md-4">background</dt> 4300 <dd class="col-md-8"> </dd> 4301 <dt class="col-md-4">bilinear</dt> 4302 <dd class="col-md-8">A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)</dd> 4303 <dt class="col-md-4">blend</dt> 4304 <dd class="col-md-8"> </dd> 4305 <dt class="col-md-4">catrom</dt> 4306 <dd class="col-md-8">Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels</dd> 4307 <dt class="col-md-4">integer</dt> 4308 <dd class="col-md-8">The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)</dd> 4309 <dt class="col-md-4">mesh</dt> 4310 <dd class="col-md-8">Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations</dd> 4311 <dt class="col-md-4">nearest-neighbor</dt> 4312 <dd class="col-md-8">The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)</dd> 4313 <dt class="col-md-4">spline</dt> 4314 <dd class="col-md-8">Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)</dd> 4315</dl> 4316</div> 4317 4318<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" 4319>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#transform" 4320>-transform</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. </p> 4321 4322<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p> 4323 4324<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the 4325lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p> 4326 4327 4328<div style="margin: auto;"> 4329 <h3><a class="anchor" id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <var>value</var></h3> 4330</div> 4331 4332<p class="magick-description">The space between two text lines.</p> 4333 4334<div style="margin: auto;"> 4335 <h3><a class="anchor" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <var>value</var></h3> 4336</div> 4337 4338<p class="magick-description">The space between two words.</p> 4339 4340<div style="margin: auto;"> 4341 <h3><a class="anchor" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <var>value</var></h3> 4342</div> 4343 4344<p class="magick-description">The space between two letters.</p> 4345 4346<div style="margin: auto;"> 4347 <h3><a class="anchor" id="kmeans"></a>-kmeans <var>colors</var>{x<var>iterations</var>}{+<var>tolerance</var>}</h3> 4348</div> 4349 4350<p class="magick-description">Kmeans (iterative) color reduction (e.g. <code>-kmeans 5x100+0.01</code>). Colors is the desired number of colors. Initial colors are found using color quantization. Iterations is the stopping number of iterations (default=100). Convergence is the stopping threshold on the color change between iterations (default=0.01). Processing finishes, if either iterations or tolerance are reached. Use <code>-define kmeans:seed-colors=<var>color-list</var></code> to initialize the colors, where color-list is a semicolon delimited list of seed colors (e.g. <code>-define kmeans:seed-colors="red;sRGB(19,167,254);#00ffff</code>). A color list overrides the color quantization. A non-empty list of colors overrides the number of colors. Any unassigned initial colors are assigned random colors from the image.</p> 4351 4352<div style="margin: auto;"> 4353 <h3><a class="anchor" id="kuwahara"></a>-kuwahara <var>radius</var><br />-kuwahara <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}</h3> 4354</div> 4355 4356<p class="magick-description">Edge preserving noise reduction filter.</p> 4357 4358<p>The <var >radius</var> is more important than the <var >sigma</var>. If <var >sigma</var> is left off, it will be computed automatically from the <var >radius</var> as <var >sigma</var>=<var >radius</var>-0.5. The <var >sigma</var> provides a bit of additional smoothing control.</p> 4359 4360 4361<div style="margin: auto;"> 4362 <h3><a class="anchor" id="label"></a>-label <var>name</var></h3> 4363</div> 4364 4365<p class="magick-description">Assign a label to an image.</p> 4366 4367<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in 4368or created. You can use the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign 4369a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, 4370MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p> 4371 4372<p>When saving an image to a <var>PostScript</var> file, any label 4373assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript 4374image. </p> 4375 4376<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image 4377attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image 4378Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p> 4379 4380<p>For example,</p> 4381 4382<pre class="highlight"><code>-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff 4383</code></pre> 4384 4385<p>assigns an image label of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> to the 4386"<code>bird.miff</code>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it 4387is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any 4388existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels 4389from an image by assigning the empty string. </p> 4390 4391<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream 4392via <var>Label</var> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be 4393visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or 4394during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.</p> 4395 4396<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image label is read from a file titled by the 4397remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded 4398formatting characters are recognized.</p> 4399 4400 4401<div style="margin: auto;"> 4402 <h3><a class="anchor" id="lat"></a>-lat <var>width</var><br />-lat <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>offset</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 4403</div> 4404 4405<p class="magick-description">Perform local adaptive threshold.</p> 4406 4407<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a 4408surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus 4409the optional <code>offset</code>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made 4410black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents 4411can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more 4412sensitive to those small variations. </p> 4413 4414<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is 4415based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the 4416the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p> 4417 4418 4419<div style="margin: auto;"> 4420 <h3><a class="anchor" id="layers"></a>-layers <var>method</var></h3> 4421</div> 4422 4423<p class="magick-description">Handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</p> 4424 4425<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images 4426which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal 4427animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p> 4428 4429<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 4430<table class="table table-sm table-hover"> 4431 <tbody> 4432 <tr> 4433 <th style="width: 8%">Method</th> 4434 <th>Description</th> 4435 </tr> 4436 4437 <tr> 4438 <td>compare-any</td> 4439 <td>Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle 4440 that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a 4441 href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td> 4442 </tr> 4443 4444 <tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct" 4445 >-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal 4446 working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as 4447 '<code>Previous</code>' or '<code>Background</code>'. </td> 4448 </tr> 4449 4450 <tr> 4451 <td>compare-clear</td> 4452 <td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to the bounds of any 4453 opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the 4454 smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td> 4455 </tr> 4456 4457 <tr> 4458 <td>compare-overlay</td> 4459 <td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to pixels that add 4460 extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels. 4461 That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td> 4462 </tr> 4463 4464 <tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha 4465 composition method '<code>change-mask</code>', to reduce the image to 4466 just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td> 4467 </tr> 4468 4469 <tr> 4470 <td>coalesce</td> 4471 <td>Equivalent to a call to the <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" 4472 >-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the 4473 current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as 4474 it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a 4475 'film strip'-like animation. </td> 4476 </tr> 4477 4478 <tr> 4479 <td>composite</td> 4480 <td>Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a 4481 "<code>null:</code>" image, with the destination image list first, and 4482 the source images last. An image from each list are composited 4483 together until one list is finished. The separator image and source 4484 image lists are removed. </td> 4485 </tr> 4486 4487 4488 <tr><td></td> 4489 <td>The <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according 4490 to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual 4491 canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a 4492 href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also 4493 added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr> 4494 4495 <tr><td></td> 4496 <td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is 4497 applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which 4498 list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which 4499 preserved. </td> 4500 </tr> 4501 4502 4503 <tr> 4504 <td>dispose</td> 4505 <td>This like '<code>coalesce</code>' but shows the look of 4506 the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before 4507 the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that 4508 results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" 4509 >-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what 4510 is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing. 4511 </td> 4512 </tr> 4513 4514 <tr> 4515 <td>flatten</td> 4516 <td>Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual 4517 canvas using the current <a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a> color, 4518 and <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that 4519 canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final 4520 image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td> 4521 </tr> 4522 4523 <tr><td></td> 4524 <td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations 4525 overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td> 4526 </tr> 4527 4528 <tr><td></td> 4529 <td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual 4530 canvas with real pixels, or to underlay an opaque color to remove 4531 transparency from an image.</td> 4532 </tr> 4533 4534 4535 <tr> 4536 <td>merge</td> 4537 <td>As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image 4538 layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the 4539 image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset 4540 will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is 4541 negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved. 4542 </td> 4543 </tr> 4544 4545 <tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with 4546 negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly. 4547 Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> 4548 will remove the layer offset, and create an image in which all the 4549 overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though 4550 not necessarily exactly where you specified them. 4551 </td> 4552 </tr> 4553 4554 <tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but 4555 without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td> 4556 </tr> 4557 4558 <tr> 4559 <td>mosaic</td> 4560 <td>As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size 4561 of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the 4562 image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, 4563 by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still 4564 become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds' 4565 if this could be a problem. </td> 4566 4567 </tr> 4568 4569 <tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image 4570 using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The 4571 resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so 4572 can be saved to any image file format. </td> 4573 </tr> 4574 4575 4576 <tr> 4577 <td>optimize</td> 4578 <td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using 4579 a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to 4580 apply both the '<code>optimize-frame</code>', and 4581 '<code>optimize-transparency</code>' methods but may be expanded to 4582 include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td> 4583 </tr> 4584 4585 <tr> 4586 <td>optimize-frame</td> 4587 <td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by 4588 reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by 4589 attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring 4590 the result will continue to animate properly. </td> 4591 </tr> 4592 4593 <tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. 4594 But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this. 4595 However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame 4596 optimizers seen. </td> 4597 </tr> 4598 4599 <tr> 4600 <td>optimize-plus</td> 4601 <td>As '<code>optimize-frame</code>' but attempt to improve the 4602 overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without 4603 changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are 4604 added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the 4605 overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the 4606 next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame 4607 only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal 4608 '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. </td> 4609 </tr> 4610 4611 <tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal 4612 style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, 4613 though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is 4614 better than the normal '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. For some 4615 animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final 4616 animation size. </td> 4617 </tr> 4618 4619 <tr> 4620 <td>optimize-transparency</td> 4621 <td>Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame 4622 overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting 4623 animation by more than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor. 4624 </td> 4625 </tr> 4626 4627 <tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation 4628 to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one 4629 (transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating 4630 the current disposed image of the last frame. </td> 4631 </tr> 4632 4633 <tr> 4634 <td>remove-dups</td> 4635 <td>Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive 4636 images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations. 4637 </td> 4638 </tr> 4639 4640 <tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay 4641 across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into 4642 smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been 4643 used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td> 4644 </tr> 4645 4646 <tr> 4647 <td>remove-zero</td> 4648 <td>Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the 4649 images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a 4650 warning is then issued). </td> 4651 </tr> 4652 4653 <tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which 4654 provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are 4655 actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for 4656 improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td> 4657 </tr> 4658 4659 <tr> 4660 <td>trim-bounds</td> 4661 <td>Find the bounds of all the images in the current 4662 image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on 4663 a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or 4664 merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset. 4665 All the images is given the same canvas size, and will have 4666 a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to 4667 each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image 4668 will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those 4669 edges however may be transparent. </td> 4670 </tr> 4671 4672 <tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a 4673 <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images 4674 have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using 4675 'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td> 4676 </tr> 4677 4678 </tbody> 4679</table> 4680</div> 4681 4682<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list layers</a>.</p> 4683 4684<p>The operators <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct" 4685>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic" 4686>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in 4687the future. Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" 4688>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the 4689GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a> 4690settings. </p> 4691 4692 4693<div style="margin: auto;"> 4694 <h3><a class="anchor" id="level"></a>-level <var>black_point</var>{,<var>white_point</var>}{<var>%</var>}{,<var>gamma</var>}</h3> 4695</div> 4696 4697<p class="magick-description">Adjust the level of image channels.</p> 4698 4699<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point, 4700white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and 4701white points range from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var>, or from 0 to 4702100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<var>QuantumRange</var> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes. 4703If a <code>%</code> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white 4704points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a 4705href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the 4706default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p> 4707 4708<p>In normal usage (<code>-level</code>) the image values are stretched so that 4709the given '<code>black_point</code>' value in the original image is set to zero 4710(or black), while the given '<code>white_point</code>' value is set to <var>QuantumRange</var> (or white). This provides you with direct 4711contrast adjustments to the image. The '<code>gamma</code>' of the resulting 4712image will then be adjusted. </p> 4713 4714<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator 4715(<code>+level</code>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument 4716list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That 4717is a zero, or <var>QuantumRange</var> value (black, and white, resp.) 4718in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to 4719de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The 4720'<code>gamma</code>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the 4721image is made. </p> 4722 4723<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> 4724setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to 4725limit the effect of this operator. </p> 4726 4727<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte' 4728values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p> 4729 4730 4731<div style="margin: auto;"> 4732 <h3><a class="anchor" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<var>black_color</var>}{,}{<var>white_color</var>}</h3> 4733</div> 4734 4735<p class="magick-description">Adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</p> 4736 4737<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the 4738value for each color channel is determined by the 4739'<code>black_color</code>' and '<code>white_color</code>' colors given (as 4740described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p> 4741 4742<p>This effectively means the colors provided to <code>-level-colors</code> 4743is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other 4744colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is 4745adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p> 4746 4747<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<code>+level-colors</code>) 4748will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors 4749respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to 4750those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain grayscale image into a 4751one using the gradient of colors specified. </p> 4752 4753<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after 4754that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point 4755respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is 4756used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either 4757threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that 4758color (+ form). </p> 4759 4760 4761<div style="margin: auto;"> 4762 <h3><a class="anchor" id="limit"></a>-limit <var>type value</var></h3> 4763</div> 4764 4765<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel cache resource limit.</p> 4766 4767<p>Choose from: <code>width</code>, <code>height</code>, <code>area</code>, <code>memory</code>, <code>map</code>, <code>disk</code>, <code>file</code>, <code>thread</code>, <code>throttle</code>, or <code>time</code>.</p> 4768 4769<p>The value for <code>file</code> is in number of files. The other limits are 4770in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits 4771with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).</p> 4772 4773<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 3GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 3GiB 4774memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the 4775available resources on your computer if this information is available. When 4776any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take 4777compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits 4778memory:</p> 4779 4780<pre class="highlight"><code>-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB 4781</code></pre> 4782 4783<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p> 4784 4785<pre class="highlight"><code>-> identify -list resource 4786Resource limits: 4787 Width: 100MP 4788 Height: 100MP 4789 Area: 25.181GB 4790 Memory: 11.726GiB 4791 Map: 23.452GiB 4792 Disk: unlimited 4793 File: 768 4794 Thread: 12 4795 Throttle: 0 4796 Time: unlimited 4797</code></pre> 4798 4799<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one 4800of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and 4801disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#limit">-limit</a> settings 4802and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of 4803allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the 4804request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the 4805<code>area</code> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p> 4806 4807<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical 4808image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in 4809memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the 4810<code>memory</code> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If 4811a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file 4812is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the 4813<code>map</code> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if 4814the resource request exceeds the <code>area</code> limit, the pixels are 4815automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program 4816fails.</p> 4817 4818<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource 4819limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax 4820your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process 4821images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all 4822or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows 4823other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under 4824these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick 4825workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For 4826example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from 4827the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10MiB of memory you can 4828simply set the area limit to 10MiB:</p> 4829 4830<pre class="highlight"><code>-limit area 10MB 4831</code></pre> 4832 4833<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically 4834cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images 4835typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can 4836be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users 4837might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk 4838limit as well:</p> 4839 4840<pre class="highlight"><code>-limit area 10MB -limit disk 500MB 4841</code></pre> 4842 4843<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p> 4844 4845<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set 4846with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the 4847environment variables <code>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</code>, 4848<code>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</code>, 4849<code>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</code>, 4850<code>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</code> for limits of 4851image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads 4852of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p> 4853 4854<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug cache</a> to 4855their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the 4856pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how 4857resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output 4858through <code>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</code> for more readable sifting. 4859</p> 4860 4861<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache 4862Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache 4863">Architecture</a> page. </p> 4864 4865<div style="margin: auto;"> 4866 <h3><a class="anchor" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3> 4867</div> 4868 4869<p class="magick-description">Linear with saturation stretch.</p> 4870 4871<p>This is very similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, 4872and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to 4873be stretched. However it then stretches those colors using the <a 4874href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator.</p> 4875 4876<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off 4877effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the 4878histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p> 4879 4880<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of 4881'<code>0</code>' does nothing, while a value of '<code>1</code>' does a near 4882perfect stretch of the color range. </p> 4883 4884<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' 4885normalization of mathematical images. </p> 4886 4887<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p> 4888 4889 4890<div style="margin: auto;"> 4891 <h3><a class="anchor" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h3> 4892</div> 4893 4894<p class="magick-description">The line width for subsequent draw operations.</p> 4895 4896<div style="margin: auto;"> 4897 <h3><a class="anchor" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></h3> 4898</div> 4899 4900<p class="magick-description">Rescale image with seam-carving.</p> 4901 4902<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 4903 4904<div style="margin: auto;"> 4905 <h3><a class="anchor" id="list"></a>-list <var>type</var></h3> 4906</div> 4907 4908<p class="magick-description">Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</p> 4909 4910<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code> 4911Align 4912Alpha 4913Boolean 4914Cache 4915Channel 4916Class 4917ClipPath 4918Coder 4919Color 4920Colorspace 4921Command 4922Complex 4923Compose 4924Compress 4925Configure 4926DataType 4927Debug 4928Decoration 4929Delegate 4930Direction 4931Dispose 4932Distort 4933Dither 4934Endian 4935Evaluate 4936FillRule 4937Filter 4938Font 4939Format 4940Function 4941Gravity 4942Intensity 4943Intent 4944Interlace 4945Interpolate 4946Kernel 4947Layers 4948LineCap 4949LineJoin 4950List 4951Locale 4952LogEvent 4953Log 4954Magic 4955Method 4956Metric 4957Mime 4958Mode 4959Morphology 4960Module 4961Noise 4962Orientation 4963PixelIntensity 4964Policy 4965PolicyDomain 4966PolicyRights 4967Preview 4968Primitive 4969QuantumFormat 4970Resource 4971SparseColor 4972Statistic 4973Storage 4974Stretch 4975Style 4976Threshold 4977Type 4978Units 4979Validate 4980VirtualPixel 4981</code></pre> 4982 4983<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<code>-list 4984list</code>" to get a complete listing of all the "<code>-list</code>" arguments 4985available:</p> 4986 4987<pre class="highlight"><code>magick identify -list list 4988</code></pre> 4989 4990<div style="margin: auto;"> 4991 <h3><a class="anchor" id="log"></a>-log <var>string</var></h3> 4992</div> 4993 4994<p class="magick-description">Specify format for debug log.</p> 4995 4996<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a 4997href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p> 4998 4999<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format 5000characters:</p> 5001 5002<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 5003<dl class="row"> 5004<dt class="col-md-4">%d</dt><dd class="col-md-8">domain</dd> 5005<dt class="col-md-4">%e</dt><dd class="col-md-8">event</dd> 5006<dt class="col-md-4">%f</dt><dd class="col-md-8">function</dd> 5007<dt class="col-md-4">%l</dt><dd class="col-md-8">line</dd> 5008<dt class="col-md-4">%m</dt><dd class="col-md-8">module</dd> 5009<dt class="col-md-4">%p</dt><dd class="col-md-8">process ID</dd> 5010<dt class="col-md-4">%r</dt><dd class="col-md-8">real CPU time</dd> 5011<dt class="col-md-4">%t</dt><dd class="col-md-8">wall clock time</dd> 5012<dt class="col-md-4">%u</dt><dd class="col-md-8">user CPU time</dd> 5013<dt class="col-md-4">%%</dt><dd class="col-md-8">percent sign</dd> 5014<dt class="col-md-4">\n</dt><dd class="col-md-8">newline</dd> 5015<dt class="col-md-4">\r</dt><dd class="col-md-8">carriage return</dd> 5016</dl> 5017</div> 5018 5019<p>For example:</p> 5020 5021<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -debug coder -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png 5022</code></pre> 5023 5024<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p> 5025 5026<div style="margin: auto;"> 5027 <h3><a class="anchor" id="loop"></a>-loop <var>iterations</var></h3> 5028</div> 5029 5030<p class="magick-description">Add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</p> 5031 5032<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, 5033otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <var>iterations</var> 5034times.</p> 5035 5036<div style="margin: auto;"> 5037 <h3><a class="anchor" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <var>color</var></h3> 5038</div> 5039 5040<p class="magick-description">When comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p> 5041 5042<div style="margin: auto;"> 5043 <h3><a class="anchor" id="magnify"></a>-magnify</h3> 5044</div> 5045 5046<p class="magick-description">Double or triple the size of the image with pixel art scaling. Specify an alternative scaling method with <code>-define magnify:method=<var>method</var></code> Choose from these methods: <code>eagle2X, eagle3X, eagle3XB, epb2X, fish2X, hq2X, scale2X, scale3X, xbr2X</code>. The default is scale2X.</p> 5047 5048 5049<div style="margin: auto;"> 5050 <h3><a class="anchor" id="map"></a>-map <var>type</var></h3> 5051</div> 5052 5053<p class="magick-description">Display image using this <var>type</var>.</p> 5054 5055<p>Choose from these <var>Standard Colormap</var> types:</p> 5056 5057<pre class="highlight"><code>best 5058default 5059gray 5060red 5061green 5062blue 5063</code></pre> 5064 5065<p>The <var>X server</var> must support the <var>Standard 5066Colormap</var> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <code>list</code> as 5067the type and <code>display</code> searches the list of colormap types in 5068<code>top-to-bottom</code> order until one is located. See <var>xstdcmap(1)</var> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p> 5069 5070 5071<div style="margin: auto;"> 5072 <h3><a class="anchor" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <var>components</var></h3> 5073</div> 5074 5075<p class="magick-description">Pixel map.</p> 5076 5077<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p> 5078 5079<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 5080<dl class="row"> 5081<dt class="col-md-4">r</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> red pixel component</dd> 5082<dt class="col-md-4">g</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> green pixel component</dd> 5083<dt class="col-md-4">b</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> blue pixel component</dd> 5084<dt class="col-md-4">a</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)</dd> 5085<dt class="col-md-4">o</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)</dd> 5086<dt class="col-md-4">i</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> grayscale intensity pixel component</dd> 5087<dt class="col-md-4">c</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> cyan pixel component</dd> 5088<dt class="col-md-4">m</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> magenta pixel component</dd> 5089<dt class="col-md-4">y</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> yellow pixel component</dd> 5090<dt class="col-md-4">k</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> black pixel component</dd> 5091<dt class="col-md-4">p</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> pad component (always 0)</dd> 5092</dl> 5093</div> 5094 5095<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g. 5096bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p> 5097 5098 5099<div style="margin: auto;"> 5100 <h3><a class="anchor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <var>color</var></h3> 5101</div> 5102 5103<p class="magick-description">Specify the color to be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option.</p> 5104 5105<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 5106 5107<p>The default matte color is <code>#BDBDBD</code>, <span 5108style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p> 5109 5110<div style="margin: auto;"> 5111 <h3><a class="anchor" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h3> 5112</div> 5113 5114<p class="magick-description">Return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</p> 5115 5116<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p> 5117 5118<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same 5119name. </p> 5120 5121<div style="margin: auto;"> 5122 <h3><a class="anchor" id="median"></a>-median <var>geometry</var></h3> 5123</div> 5124 5125<p class="magick-description">Apply a median filter to the image.</p> 5126 5127<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p> 5128 5129<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same 5130name. </p> 5131 5132<div style="margin: auto;"> 5133 <h3><a class="anchor" id="mean-shift"></a>-mean-shift <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+distance</var>{%}</h3> 5134</div> 5135 5136<p class="magick-description">Image noise removal and color reduction/segmentation (e.g. -mean-shift 7x7+10%).</p> 5137 5138<p><var>width</var>x<var>height</var> is the window size and <var>distance</var> is the color distance measured in the range 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%</p> 5139 5140<p>The mean shift algorithm is iterative and thus slower the larger the window size. For each pixel, it gets all the pixels in the window centered at the pixel and excludes those that are outside the <var>radius=sqrt((width-1)(height-1)/4)</var> surrounding the pixel. From those pixels, it finds which of them are within the specified squared color distance from the current mean. It then computes a new x,y centroid from those coordinates and a new mean. This new x,y centroid is used as the center for a new window. This process is iterated until it converges and the final mean is then used to replace the original pixel value. It repeats this process for the next pixel, etc, until it processes all pixels in the image. Results are better when using other colorspaces rather than RGB. Recommend YIQ, YUV or YCbCr, which seem to give equivalent results.</p> 5141 5142<div style="margin: auto;"> 5143 <h3><a class="anchor" id="metric"></a>-metric <var>type</var></h3> 5144</div> 5145 5146<p class="magick-description">Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <var>type</var> given metric.</p> 5147 5148<p>Choose from:</p> 5149 5150<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 5151<dl class="row"> 5152<dt class="col-md-4">AE</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz affected)</dd> 5153<dt class="col-md-4">DSSIM</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> structural dissimilarity index</dd> 5154<dt class="col-md-4">FUZZ</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> mean color distance</dd> 5155<dt class="col-md-4">MAE</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance</dd> 5156<dt class="col-md-4">MEPP</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)</dd> 5157<dt class="col-md-4">MSE</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> mean error squared, average of the channel error squared</dd> 5158<dt class="col-md-4">NCC</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> normalized cross correlation</dd> 5159<dt class="col-md-4">PAE</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> peak absolute (normalized peak absolute)</dd> 5160<dt class="col-md-4">PHASH</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> perceptual hash for the sRGB and HCLp colorspaces. Specify an alternative colorspace with <code>-define phash:colorspaces=<var>colorspace,colorspace,...</var></code></dd> 5161<dt class="col-md-4">PSNR</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> peak signal to noise ratio</dd> 5162<dt class="col-md-4">RMSE</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)</dd> 5163<dt class="col-md-4">SSIM</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> structural similarity index</dd> 5164</dl> 5165</div> 5166 5167<p>Control the '<code>AE</code>', or absolute count of pixels that are different, 5168with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which 5169only changed by a small amount). Use '<code>PAE</code>' to find the 5170size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels 5171'similar', while '<code>MAE</code>' determines the factor needed 5172for about half the pixels to be similar. </p> 5173 5174<p>The <code>MEPP</code> metric returns three different metrics 5175('<code>MAE</code>', '<code>MAE</code>' normalized, and '<code>PAE</code>' 5176normalized) from a single comparison run. </p> 5177 5178<p>The <code>SSIM</code> and <code>DSSIM</code> metrics respect these defines: 5179<code>-define compare:ssim-radius</code>, <code>-define compare:ssim-sigma</code>, 5180<code>-define compare:ssim-k1</code>, and <code>-define compare:ssim-k2</code>.</p> 5181 5182<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 5183metric</a> option.</p> 5184 5185 5186<div style="margin: auto;"> 5187 <h3><a class="anchor" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h3> 5188</div> 5189 5190<p class="magick-description">Return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</p> 5191 5192<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p> 5193 5194<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same 5195name. </p> 5196 5197 5198 5199<div style="margin: auto;"> 5200 <h3><a class="anchor" id="mode"></a>-mode <var>geometry</var></h3> 5201</div> 5202 5203<p class="magick-description">Make each pixel the \'predominant color\' of the neighborhood.'</p> 5204 5205<div style="margin: auto;"> 5206 <h3>-mode <var>value</var></h3> 5207</div> 5208 5209<p class="magick-description">Mode of operation.</p> 5210 5211<p>Choose the <var>value</var> from these styles: <code>Frame, 5212Unframe, or Concatenate</code></p> 5213 5214<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<code>Mode</code>' argument 5215for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your 5216ImageMagick installation.</p> 5217 5218 5219<div style="margin: auto;"> 5220 <h3><a class="anchor" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <var>brightness</var>[,<var>saturation</var>,<var>hue</var>]</h3> 5221</div> 5222 5223<p class="magick-description">Vary the <var>brightness</var>, <var>saturation</var>, and <var>hue</var> of an image.</p> 5224 5225<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means 5226no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p> 5227 5228<p>The <var>brightness</var> is a multiplier of the overall 5229brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is 5230twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> the image 5231before and after. </p> 5232 5233<p>The <var>saturation</var> controls the amount of color in an 5234image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as 5235200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p> 5236 5237<p>The <var>hue</var> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors 5238within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in 5239a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on. 5240A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the 5241image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to 5242the original image. </p> 5243 5244<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color 5245saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a 5246href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p> 5247 5248<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<code 5249>option:modulate:colorspace</code>' to specify which colorspace to 5250modulate. Choose from <code>HCL</code>, <code>HCLp</code>, <code>HSB</code>, <code>HSI</code>, <code>HSL</code> (the default), <code>HSV</code>, <code>HWB</code>, or <code>LCH</code> (LCHuv). For example,</p> 5251 5252<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png 5253</code></pre> 5254 5255<div style="margin: auto;"> 5256 <h3><a class="anchor" id="moments"></a>-moments</h3> 5257</div> 5258 5259<p class="magick-description">Report image moments and perceptual hash.</p> 5260 5261 5262<div style="margin: auto;"> 5263 <h3><a class="anchor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h3> 5264</div> 5265 5266<p class="magick-description">Monitor progress.</p> 5267 5268 5269<div style="margin: auto;"> 5270 <h3><a class="anchor" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h3> 5271</div> 5272 5273<p class="magick-description">Transform the image to black and white.</p> 5274 5275<div style="margin: auto;"> 5276 <h3><a class="anchor" id="morph"></a>-morph <var>frames</var></h3> 5277</div> 5278 5279<p class="magick-description">Morphs an image sequence.</p> 5280 5281<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the 5282appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images 5283in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a 5284href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <var>frames</var> 5285argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p> 5286 5287 5288<div style="margin: auto;"> 5289 <h3><a class="anchor" id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h3> 5290 <h3>-morphology <var>method</var> <var>kernel</var></h3> 5291</div> 5292 5293<p class="magick-description">Apply a morphology method to the image.</p> 5294 5295<p>See <a href="https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples, Morphology</a>. </p> 5296 5297 5298<div style="margin: auto;"> 5299 <h3><a class="anchor" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h3> 5300</div> 5301 5302<p class="magick-description">An simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</p> 5303 5304 5305<div style="margin: auto;"> 5306 <h3><a class="anchor" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <var>radius</var><br />-motion-blur <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}+<var>angle</var></h3> 5307</div> 5308 5309<p class="magick-description">Simulate motion blur.</p> 5310 5311<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The 5312angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the 5313direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p> 5314 5315<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a 5316definite sense of direction of movement. </p> 5317 5318<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how 5319pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result. 5320</p> 5321 5322<div style="margin: auto;"> 5323 <h3><a class="anchor" id="name"></a>-name</h3> 5324</div> 5325 5326<p class="magick-description">Name an image.</p> 5327<div style="margin: auto;"> 5328 <h3><a class="anchor" id="negate"></a>-negate</h3> 5329</div> 5330 5331<p class="magick-description">Replace each pixel with its complementary color.</p> 5332 5333<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes 5334black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">+negate</a> to only 5335negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p> 5336 5337<div style="margin: auto;"> 5338 <h3><a class="anchor" id="noise"></a>-noise <var>geometry</var><br/> 5339 +noise <var>type</var></h3> 5340</div> 5341 5342<p class="magick-description">Add or reduce noise in an image.</p> 5343 5344<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the 5345objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating 5346undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel 5347with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been 5348found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is 5349a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p> 5350 5351<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <var>radius</var></code> to 5352specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivalent 5353to using a <code><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</code> operation, 5354which should be used in preference.</p> 5355 5356<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <var>type</var> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise 5357types:</p> 5358 5359<pre class="highlight"><code>Gaussian 5360Impulse 5361Laplacian 5362Multiplicative 5363Poisson 5364Random 5365Uniform 5366</code></pre> 5367 5368<p>The amount of noise added can be controlled by the <code><a 5369href="command-line-options.html#attenuate" >-attenuate</a></code> setting. If unset the value is 5370equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p> 5371 5372<p>Note that Random will replace the image with noise rather than add noise to the image. Use Uniform, if you wish to add random noise to the image.</p> 5373 5374<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p> 5375 5376<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows 5377the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be 5378added to an image. </p> 5379 5380 5381<div style="margin: auto;"> 5382 <h3><a class="anchor" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h3> 5383</div> 5384 5385<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p> 5386 5387<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible 5388values. While doing so, black-out at most <var>2%</var> of the pixels and 5389white-out at most <var>1%</var> of the pixels.</p> 5390 5391<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" >-normalize</a> 5392is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>. 5393(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" 5394>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p> 5395 5396<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to 5397preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> 5398setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> 5399setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p> 5400 5401<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details. 5402Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization 5403that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p> 5404 5405<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p> 5406 5407 5408<div style="margin: auto;"> 5409 <h3><a class="anchor" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <var>color</var></h3> 5410</div> 5411 5412<p class="magick-description">Change this color to the fill color within the image.</p> 5413 5414<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format 5415described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" 5416>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one 5417given.</p> 5418 5419<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match 5420the target color. </p> 5421 5422<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same 5423as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with 5424transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting. 5425To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha 5426channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</code>", for 5427the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a 5428href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p> 5429 5430 5431<div style="margin: auto;"> 5432 <h3><a class="anchor" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <var>threshold_map</var>{,<var>level</var>...}</h3> 5433</div> 5434 5435<p class="magick-description">Dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <var>threshold map</var> specified, and a uniform color map with the 5436given number of <var>levels</var> per color channel.</p> 5437 5438<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p> 5439 5440<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code> 5441threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither) 5442checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither) 5443o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed) 5444o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed) 5445o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed) 5446o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed) 5447h3x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled) 5448h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled) 5449h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled) 5450h3x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal) 5451h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal) 5452h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal) 5453h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal) 5454c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black) 5455c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white) 5456c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black) 5457c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white) 5458c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black) 5459c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white) 5460</code></pre> 5461 5462<p> The <code>threshold</code> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image. 5463This could be used with <var >level</var> to do the equivalent of <a 5464href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors. 5465</p> 5466 5467<p>The <code>checks</code> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither 5468pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid 5469white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white. 5470</p> 5471 5472<p>You can define your own <var >threshold map</var> for ordered 5473dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system 5474<code>thresholds.xml</code> XML file. See <a href="../www/resources.html" >Resources</a> 5475for more details of configuration files. </p> 5476 5477<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the 5478<a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p> 5479 5480<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all 5481color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different 5482channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are 5483simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete 5484circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely 5485on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth 5486looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring 5487after being created. </p> 5488 5489 5490<div style="margin: auto;"> 5491 <h3><a class="anchor" id="orient"></a>-orient <var>image orientation</var></h3> 5492</div> 5493 5494<p class="magick-description">Specify orientation of a digital camera image.</p> 5495 5496<p>Choose from these orientations:</p> 5497 5498<pre class="highlight"><code>bottom-left right-top 5499bottom-right top-left 5500left-bottom top-right 5501left-top undefined 5502right-bottom 5503</code></pre> 5504 5505<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list 5506orientation</a> option.</p> 5507 5508 5509<div style="margin: auto;"> 5510 <h3><a class="anchor" id="page"></a>-page <var>geometry</var><br/> 5511 -page <var>media</var>[<var>offset</var>][{<var>^!<></var>}]<br/> 5512 +page 5513 </h3> 5514</div> 5515 5516<p class="magick-description">Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</p> 5517 5518<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 5519 5520<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <var>media</var> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other 5521<var>geometry</var> arguments (e.g. <a 5522href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <code>Letter+43+43</code>).</p> 5523 5524<p>Use <var>media</var> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<var>width</var>x<var>height</var>) of the <var>PostScript</var> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. 5525The choices for paper sizes are: <code>4x6</code>, <code>5x7</code>, <code>7x9</code>, <code>8x10</code>, <code>9x11</code>, <code>9x12</code>, <code>10x13</code>, <code>10x14</code>, <code>11x17</code>, <code>4A0</code>, <code>2A0</code>, <code>a0</code>, <code>a1</code>, <code>a2</code>, <code>a3</code>, <code>a4</code>, <code>a4small</code>, <code>a5</code>, <code>a6</code>, <code>a7</code>, <code>a8</code>, <code>a9</code>, <code>a10</code>, <code>archa</code>, <code>archb</code>, <code>archC</code>, <code>archd</code>, <code>arche</code>, <code>b0</code>, <code>b1</code>, <code>b10</code>, <code>b2</code>, <code>b3</code>, <code>b4</code>, <code>b5</code>, <code>b6</code>, <code>b7</code>, <code>b8</code>, <code>b9</code>, <code>c0</code>, <code>c1</code>, <code>c2</code>, <code>c3</code>, <code>c4</code>, <code>c5</code>, <code>c6</code>, <code>c7</code>, <code>csheet</code>, <code>dsheet</code>, <code>esheet</code>, <code>executive</code>, <code>flsa</code>, <code>flse</code>, <code>folio</code>, <code>halfletter</code>, <code>isob0</code>, <code>isob1</code>, <code>isob10</code>, <code>isob2</code>, <code>isob3</code>, <code>isob4</code>, <code>isob5</code>, <code>isob6</code>, <code>isob7</code>, <code>isob8</code>, <code>isob9</code>, <code>jisb0</code>, <code>jisb1</code>, <code>jisb2</code>, <code>jisb3</code>, <code>jisb4</code>, <code>jisb5</code>, <code>jisb6</code>, <code>ledger</code>, <code>legal</code>, <code>letter</code>, <code>lettersmall</code>, <code>monarch</code>, <code>quarto</code>, <code>statement</code>, <code>tabloid</code>. To determine the cooresponding size in pixels at 72DPI, use this command for example:</p> 5526<pre class="highlight"><code>magick xc: -format "%[papersize:a4]" info:</code></pre> 5527 5528<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image 5529format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this 5530purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas 5531and are not affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To 5532position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a><var>{+-}x{+-}y</var> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG 5533file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in 5534the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values 5535that are written in the <code>MHDR</code> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and 5536height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the 5537sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to 5538determine its dimensions.</p> 5539 5540<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a 5541href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <var>lower 5542left-hand corner</var> of the page by {+-}<code>x</code><var>offset</var>{+-}<code>y</code> <var>offset</var>. Use <a 5543href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the 5544page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the 5545page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <var>NorthWest</var>, i.e., positive <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> <var>offset</var> are measured rightward and downward from the top left 5546corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is 5547present with a value other than <var>NorthWest</var>.</p> 5548 5549<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p> 5550 5551<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a>.</p> 5552 5553<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p> 5554 5555<div style="margin: auto;"> 5556 <h3><a class="anchor" id="paint"></a>-paint <var>radius</var></h3> 5557</div> 5558 5559<p class="magick-description">Simulate an oil painting.</p> 5560 5561<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular 5562neighborhood whose width is specified with <var>radius</var>.</p> 5563 5564<div style="margin: auto;"> 5565 <h3><a class="anchor" id="path"></a>-path <var>path</var></h3></div> 5566 5567<p class="magick-description">Write images to this path on disk.</p> 5568 5569<div style="margin: auto;"> 5570 <h3><a class="anchor" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3> 5571</div> 5572 5573<p class="magick-description">Pause between animation loops</p> 5574 5575<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p> 5576 5577<div style="margin: auto;"> 5578 <h3><a class="anchor" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3> 5579</div> 5580 5581<p class="magick-description">Pause between snapshots.</p> 5582 5583<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p> 5584 5585<div style="margin: auto;"> 5586 <h3><a class="anchor" id="perceptible"></a>-perceptible <var>epsilon</var></h3> 5587</div> 5588 5589<p class="magick-description">Set each pixel whose value is less than |<var>epsilon</var>| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p> 5590 5591<div style="margin: auto;"> 5592 <h3><a class="anchor" id="ping"></a>-ping</h3> 5593</div> 5594 5595<p class="magick-description">Efficiently determine these image characteristics: image number, the file name, the width and height of the image, whether the image is colormapped or not, the number of colors in the image, the number of bytes in the image, the format of the image (JPEG, PNM, etc.). Use <code>+ping</code> to ensure accurate image properties.</p> 5596 5597<div style="margin: auto;"> 5598 <h3><a class="anchor" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <var>value</var></h3> 5599</div> 5600 5601<p class="magick-description">Pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</p> 5602 5603<div style="margin: auto;"> 5604 <h3><a class="anchor" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <var>angle</var></h3> 5605</div> 5606 5607<p class="magick-description">Simulate a Polaroid picture.</p> 5608 5609<p>Use <code>+polaroid</code> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p> 5610 5611<div style="margin: auto;"> 5612 <h3><a class="anchor" id="poly"></a>-poly <var>"wt,exp ..."</var></h3> 5613</div> 5614 5615<p class="magick-description">Combines multiple images according to a weighted sum of polynomials; one floating point weight (coefficient) and one floating point polynomial exponent (power) for each image expressed as comma separated pairs.</p> 5616 5617<p> The weights should typically be fractions between -1 and 1. But the sum of weights should be 1 or at least between 0 and 1 to avoid clamping in non-hdri mode at black and white.</p> 5618 5619<p>The exponents may be positive, negative or zero. A negative exponent is equivalent to 1 divided by the image raised to the corresponding positive exponent. A zero exponent always produces 1 scaled by quantumrange to white, i.e. wt*white, no matter what the image.</p> 5620 5621<p>The format is: <var>output = wt1*image1^exp1 + wt2*image2^exp2 </var>...</p> 5622 5623<p>Some simple uses are:</p> 5624<ul> 5625<li>A weighted sum of each image provided all weights add to unity and all exponents=1. If the weights are all equal to 1/(number of images), then this is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-evaluate-sequence</a> <var>mean</var>.</li> 5626<li>The sum of squares of two or more images, provided the weights are equal (and sum to 1 to avoid clamping) and the exponents equal 2.</li> 5627</ul> 5628 5629<p>Note that one may add a constant color to the expression simply by using xc:somecolor for one of the images and specifying the desired weight and exponent equal to 0.</p> 5630 5631<p>Similarly one may add white to the expression by simply using null: (or xc:white) for one of the images with the appropriate weight and exponent equal to 0.</p> 5632 5633 5634<div style="margin: auto;"> 5635 <h3><a class="anchor" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <var>levels</var></h3> 5636</div> 5637 5638<p class="magick-description">Reduce the image to a limited number of color levels per channel.</p> 5639 5640<p>Very low values of <var>levels</var>, e.g., 2, 3, 4, have the most 5641visible effect.</p> 5642 5643<div style="margin: auto;"> 5644 <h3><a class="anchor" id="precision"></a>-precision <var>value</var></h3> 5645</div> 5646 5647<p class="magick-description">Set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</p> 5648 5649<div style="margin: auto;"> 5650 <h3><a class="anchor" id="preview"></a>-preview <var>type</var></h3> 5651</div> 5652 5653<p class="magick-description">Image preview type.</p> 5654 5655<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. 5656<code>magick file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</code>). Choose from 5657these previews:</p> 5658 5659<pre class="pre-scrollable highlight"><code> 5660AddNoise 5661Blur 5662Brightness 5663Charcoal 5664Despeckle 5665Dull 5666EdgeDetect 5667Gamma 5668Grayscale 5669Hue 5670Implode 5671JPEG 5672OilPaint 5673Quantize 5674Raise 5675ReduceNoise 5676Roll 5677Rotate 5678Saturation 5679Segment 5680Shade 5681Sharpen 5682Shear 5683Solarize 5684Spiff 5685Spread 5686Swirl 5687Threshold 5688Wave 5689</code></pre> 5690 5691<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p> 5692 5693<p>The default preview is <code>JPEG</code>.</p> 5694 5695<div style="margin: auto;"> 5696 <h3><a class="anchor" id="print"></a>-print <var>string</var></h3> 5697</div> 5698 5699<p class="magick-description">Interpret string and print to console.</p> 5700 5701<div style="margin: auto;"> 5702 <h3><a class="anchor" id="process"></a>-process <var>command</var></h3> 5703</div> 5704 5705<p class="magick-description">Process the image with a custom image filter.</p> 5706 5707<p>The command arguments has the form <code>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... 5708argN"</code> where <code>module</code> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. 5709"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to 5710pass to the process module.</p> 5711 5712<div style="margin: auto;"> 5713 <h3><a class="anchor" id="profile"></a>-profile <var>filename</var><br/> 5714 +profile <var>profile_name</var></h3> 5715</div> 5716 5717<p class="magick-description">Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</p> 5718 5719<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> <var>filename</var> adds an 5720ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile 5721to the image.</p> 5722 5723<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <var>profile_name</var></a> to 5724remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so 5725wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we 5726remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <code>+profile 5727"!xmp,*"</code>. </p> 5728 5729<p>Use <code>magick identify -verbose</code> to find out which profiles are in the 5730image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and 5731comments).</p> 5732 5733<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option is not 5734used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <var>APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</var> or <var>IPTC</var>.</p> 5735 5736<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the 5737<var>APP1</var> profile), use.</p> 5738 5739<p>Set <code>-define precision:highres-transform=true</code> to increase the transform precision. Note, there is a slight performance penalty as the high-precision transform is floating point rather than unsigned.</p> 5740 5741<pre class="highlight"><code>magick cockatoo.jpg profile.exif 5742</code></pre> 5743 5744<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the 5745original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a 5746href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and 5747therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the 5748command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is 5749CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p> 5750 5751<pre class="highlight"><code>magick CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff 5752</code></pre> 5753 5754<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra 5755conversion steps can yield unwanted results. CMYK profiles are often very 5756asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping. 5757</p> 5758 5759<div style="margin: auto;"> 5760 <h3><a class="anchor" id="quality"></a>-quality <var>value</var></h3> 5761</div> 5762 5763<p class="magick-description">JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</p> 5764 5765<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and 5766highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). 5767The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can 5768be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the 5769chroma channels are not downsampled. 5770Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the 5771factors for chroma downsampling.</p> 5772 5773<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear 5774equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This 5775non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by 5776the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy 5777compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p> 5778 5779<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib 5780compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default 5781PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG 5782filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means 5783compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p> 5784 5785<p>For compression level 0 (quality value less than 10), the Huffman-only 5786strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst 5787compression.</p> 5788 5789<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for 5790all scanlines:</p> 5791 5792<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 5793<dl class="row"> 5794<dt class="col-md-4">0</dt><dd class="col-md-8">none</dd> 5795<dt class="col-md-4">1</dt><dd class="col-md-8">sub</dd> 5796<dt class="col-md-4">2</dt><dd class="col-md-8">up</dd> 5797<dt class="col-md-4">3</dt><dd class="col-md-8">average</dd> 5798<dt class="col-md-4">4</dt><dd class="col-md-8">Paeth</dd> 5799</dl> 5800</div> 5801 5802<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater 5803than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is 5804used.</p> 5805 5806<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering 5807with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> is used.</p> 5808 5809<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color 5810transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering 5811with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> are used.</p> 5812 5813<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the 5814Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with 5815adaptive PNG filtering.</p> 5816 5817<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the 5818Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with 5819no PNG filtering.</p> 5820 5821<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG 5822and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p> 5823 5824<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type 5825can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control, 5826you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and 5827PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead. 5828See <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence 5829over values from the -quality option.</p> 5830 5831<p>For further information, see 5832the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p> 5833 5834<p>For the MIFF and TIFF image formats, quality/10 is the <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">Zip/BZip</a> compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p> 5835 5836<p>For the BPG image format, quality/2 is the actual BPG compression level (range from 0 to 51).</p> 5837 5838<div style="margin: auto;"> 5839 <h3><a class="anchor" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <var>colorspace</var></h3> 5840</div> 5841 5842<p class="magick-description">Reduce colors using this colorspace.</p> 5843 5844<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number 5845of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a 5846href="command-line-options.html#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens 5847automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as 5848GIF, and PNG8.</p> 5849 5850 5851<div style="margin: auto;"> 5852 <h3><a class="anchor" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h3> 5853</div> 5854 5855<p class="magick-description">Suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</p> 5856 5857<div style="margin: auto;"> 5858 <h3><a class="anchor" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <var>angle</var></h3> 5859</div> 5860 5861<p class="magick-description">Blur around the center of the image.</p> 5862 5863<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as 5864such actually mis-named. </p> 5865 5866<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how 5867pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result. 5868</p> 5869 5870 5871<div style="margin: auto;"> 5872 <h3><a class="anchor" id="raise"></a>-raise <var>thickness</var></h3> 5873</div> 5874 5875<p class="magick-description">Lighten or darken image edges.</p> 5876 5877<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> to create 5878a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">+raise</a>. </p> 5879 5880<p>Unlike the similar <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, <a 5881href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p> 5882 5883<div style="margin: auto;"> 5884 <h3><a class="anchor" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <var>low</var>x<var>high</var></h3> 5885</div> 5886 5887<p class="magick-description">Apply a random threshold to the image.</p> 5888 5889<div style="margin: auto;"> 5890 <h3><a class="anchor" id="range-threshold"></a>-range-threshold <var>low-black</var>,<var>low-white</var>,<var>high-white</var>,<var>high-black</var></h3> 5891</div> 5892 5893<p class="magick-description">Perform either hard or soft thresholding within some range of values in an image.</p> 5894 5895<div style="margin: auto;"> 5896 <h3><a class="anchor" id="read-mask"></a>-read-mask 5897<var>filename</var></h3> 5898</div> 5899 5900<p class="magick-description">Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</p> 5901 5902<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with 5903grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to. 5904</p> 5905 5906<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#read-mask">+read-mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p> 5907 5908<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way, 5909but with strict boolean masking. </p> 5910 5911<div style="margin: auto;"> 5912 <h3><a class="anchor" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <var>x,y</var></h3> 5913</div> 5914 5915<p class="magick-description">Set the red chromaticity primary point.</p> 5916 5917<div style="margin: auto;"> 5918 <h3><a class="anchor" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h3> 5919</div> 5920 5921<p class="magick-description">Pay attention to warning messages.</p> 5922 5923<p>This option causes some warnings in some image formats to be treated 5924as errors. </p> 5925 5926<div style="margin: auto;"> 5927 <h3><a class="anchor" id="remap"></a>-remap <var>filename</var></h3> 5928</div> 5929 5930<p class="magick-description">Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</p> 5931 5932<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then 5933the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest 5934color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p> 5935 5936<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all 5937images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color 5938table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use 5939that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images, 5940without requiring extra local color tables. </p> 5941 5942<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image 5943sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to 5944appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color 5945reducing those images using <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color 5946limit, then <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of 5947images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p> 5948 5949<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a 5950href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as 5951no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use 5952of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a 5953href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to 5954reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p> 5955 5956<p>Note, the remap image colormap has at most 8-bits of precision. Deeper color maps are automagically coalesced with other colors to meet this requirement.</p> 5957 5958<div style="margin: auto;"> 5959 <h3><a class="anchor" id="region"></a>-region <var>geometry</var></h3> 5960</div> 5961 5962<p class="magick-description">Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</p> 5963 5964<p>The <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are treated 5965in the same manner as in <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a>.</p> 5966 5967<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 5968 5969<p>Use <code>+region</code> to remove any previously set regions.</p> 5970 5971<div style="margin: auto;"> 5972 <h3><a class="anchor" id="remote"></a>-remote</h3> 5973</div> 5974 5975<p class="magick-description">Perform a remote operation.</p> 5976 5977<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p> 5978 5979<p>If you have more than one <a href="display.html">display</a> application 5980running simultaneously, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#window"> window</a> option to 5981specify which application to control.</p> 5982 5983<div style="margin: auto;"> 5984 <h3><a class="anchor" id="render"></a>-render</h3> 5985</div> 5986 5987<p class="magick-description">Render vector operations.</p> 5988 5989<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. 5990This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p> 5991 5992<div style="margin: auto;"> 5993<h3><a class="anchor" id="repage"></a>-repage <var>geometry</var></h3> 5994</div> 5995 5996<p class="magick-description">Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</p> 5997 5998<p>This option is like <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator 5999rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset 6000of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p> 6001 6002<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 6003 6004<p>If a <code>!</code> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing 6005offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for 6006animation sequences. </p> 6007 6008<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<code>0x0</code>' forces it to 6009recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear 6010completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p> 6011 6012<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual 6013canvas meta-data from the images. </p> 6014 6015<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>page</code>' option can be used to 6016directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p> 6017 6018 6019<div style="margin: auto;"> 6020 <h3><a class="anchor" id="resample"></a>-resample <var>horizontal</var>x<var>vertical</var></h3> 6021</div> 6022 6023<p class="magick-description">Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</p> 6024 6025<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original 6026at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 60273 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 602872 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that 6029only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of 6030storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image 6031resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a 6032href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the 6033resample resolution.</p> 6034 6035<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary 6036embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will 6037continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image 6038resolution specified in the standard file header.</p> 6039 6040<div style="margin: auto;"> 6041 <h3><a class="anchor" id="resize"></a>-resize <var>geometry</var></h3> 6042</div> 6043 6044<p class="magick-description">Resize an image.</p> 6045 6046<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are 6047ignored, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p> 6048 6049<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> option 6050or <code>-define filter:option=value</code> precedes the <a 6051href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified 6052filter.</p> 6053 6054<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light 6055coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma 6056correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p> 6057 6058<pre class="highlight"><code>magick portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ 6059 -quality 92 passport.jpg 6060</code></pre> 6061 6062<p>Note, some resampling functions are damped oscillations in approximation of a Sinc function. As such, you may get negative lobes if your release of ImageMagick is HDRI-enabled. To eliminate them, add <a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a> to your command-line.</p> 6063 6064<div style="margin: auto;"> 6065 <h3><a class="anchor" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h3> 6066</div> 6067 6068<p class="magick-description">Settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</p> 6069 6070<div style="margin: auto;"> 6071 <h3><a class="anchor" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h3> 6072</div> 6073 6074<p class="magick-description">Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</p> 6075 6076 6077<div style="margin: auto;"> 6078 <h3><a class="anchor" id="roll"></a>-roll {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3> 6079</div> 6080 6081<p class="magick-description">Roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</p> 6082 6083<p>A negative <var>x</var> offset rolls the image right-to-left. 6084A negative <var>y</var> offset rolls the image bottom-to-top.</p> 6085 6086 6087<div style="margin: auto;"> 6088 <h3><a class="anchor" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <var>degrees</var>{<var><</var>}{<var>></var>}</h3> 6089</div> 6090 6091<p class="magick-description">Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</p> 6092 6093<p>Use <code>></code> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the 6094height. <code><</code> rotates the image <var>only</var> if its width is less 6095than the height. For example, if you specify <code>-rotate "-90>"</code> and 6096the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 6097640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <code>></code> or 6098<code><</code>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being 6099misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p> 6100 6101<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are 6102filled with the <code>background</code> color. </p> 6103 6104<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the 6105'<code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>' distort method. </p> 6106 6107 6108<div style="margin: auto;"> 6109 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sample"></a>-sample <var>geometry</var></h3> 6110</div> 6111 6112<p class="magick-description">Minify / magnify the image with pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</p> 6113 6114<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original 6115from the image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When 6116minifying, pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped 6117over). </p> 6118 6119<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with 6120a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>point</code> (nearest 6121neighbor), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it 6122avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores 6123the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p> 6124 6125<p>The key feature of the <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors 6126will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p> 6127 6128<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are 6129ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p> 6130 6131 6132<p>The actual sampling point is the middle of the sub-region being sampled. 6133As such a single pixel sampling of an image will take the middle pixel, (or 6134top-left-middle if image has even dimensions). However the <a 6135href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>sample:offset</code>' can be set to modify 6136this position some other location within each sub-region being sampled, as 6137a percentage offset.</p> 6138 6139<p>By default this value is '<code>50</code>' for the midpoint, but could be set 6140to '<code>0</code>' for top-left, '<code>100</code>' for bottom-right, or with 6141separate X and Y offsets such as '<code>0x50</code>' for left-middle edge of 6142sampling sub-region.</p> 6143 6144 6145<div style="margin: auto;"> 6146 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <var>horizontal-factor</var>x<var>vertical-factor</var></h3> 6147</div> 6148 6149<p class="magick-description">Sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</p> 6150 6151<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder 6152for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use 6153its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when 6154writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a 6155href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a 6156href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 6157downsampling method.</p> 6158 6159<div style="margin: auto;"> 6160 <h3><a class="anchor" id="scale"></a>-scale <var>geometry</var></h3> 6161</div> 6162 6163<p class="magick-description">Minify / magnify the image with pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</p> 6164 6165<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels 6166together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p> 6167 6168<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with 6169a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>box</code>. Though it is a lot 6170faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it 6171completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p> 6172 6173<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer 6174multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to 6175produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is 6176a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing 6177noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low 6178light conditions. </p> 6179 6180 6181<div style="margin: auto;"> 6182 <h3><a class="anchor" id="scene"></a>-scene <var>value</var></h3> 6183</div> 6184 6185<p class="magick-description">Set scene number.</p> 6186 6187<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p> 6188 6189<div style="margin: auto;"> 6190 <h3><a class="anchor" id="screen"></a>-screen</h3> 6191</div> 6192 6193<p class="magick-description">Specify the screen to capture.</p> 6194 6195<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image 6196should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified 6197window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the 6198specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups 6199that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p> 6200 6201<div style="margin: auto;"> 6202 <h3><a class="anchor" id="seed"></a>-seed</h3> 6203</div> 6204 6205<p class="magick-description">Seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</p> 6206 6207<div style="margin: auto;"> 6208 <h3><a class="anchor" id="segment"></a>-segment <var>cluster-threshold</var>x<var>smoothing-threshold</var></h3> 6209</div> 6210 6211<p class="magick-description">Segment the colors of an image.</p> 6212 6213<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and 6214identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This 6215is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p> 6216 6217<p>Specify <var>cluster threshold</var> as the number of pixels in 6218each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. 6219<var>Smoothing threshold</var> eliminates noise in the second 6220derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect 6221a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p> 6222 6223<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report 6224of the color clusters is returned.</p> 6225 6226 6227<div style="margin: auto;"> 6228 <h3><a class="anchor" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <var>radius</var><br />-selective-blur <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3> 6229</div> 6230 6231<p class="magick-description">Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</p> 6232 6233<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in 6234contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var> or as a percentage.</p> 6235 6236<div style="margin: auto;"> 6237 <h3><a class="anchor" id="separate"></a>-separate</h3> 6238</div> 6239 6240<p class="magick-description">Separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>.</p> 6241 6242<div style="margin: auto;"> 6243 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <var>percent-threshold</var></h3> 6244</div> 6245 6246<p class="magick-description">Simulate a sepia-toned photo.</p> 6247 6248<p>Specify <var>threshold</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p> 6249 6250<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect 6251achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia 6252toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable 6253tone.</p> 6254 6255 6256 6257<div style="margin: auto;"> 6258 <h3><a class="anchor" id="set"></a>-set <var>key value</var></h3> 6259 <h3>+set <var>key</var></h3> 6260</div> 6261 6262<p class="magick-description">Sets image attributes and properties for images in the current image sequence.</p> 6263 6264<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images 6265in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="command-line-options.html#set">+set</a> form of the 6266option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as 6267appropriate. </p> 6268 6269<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data 6270'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a 6271href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a 6272href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally 6273assigned before the image is read in, by using a <var>key</var> of 6274the same name. </p> 6275 6276<p>If the given <var>key</var> does not match a specific known 6277'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a free form 6278'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" 6279>-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) as "Properties". 6280</p> 6281 6282<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images 6283using the options <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#label" 6284>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign 6285a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent 6286Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p> 6287 6288<pre class="highlight"><code>-> convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.jpg 6289identify -format %c rose.jpg 6290Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose 6291</code></pre> 6292 6293<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image 6294Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p> 6295 6296<pre class="highlight"><code>-> convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \ 6297 -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info: 6298Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23 6299</code></pre> 6300 6301<p>Other well known 'properties' that are available include: 6302'<code>date:create</code>' and '<code>date:modify</code>' and 6303'<code>signature</code>'. </p> 6304 6305<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify 6306the '<code>page</code>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also 6307see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer 6308control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a> 6309option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<code>page</code>' 6310attribute. </p> 6311 6312<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image. 6313For example,</p> 6314 6315<pre class="highlight"><code>magick image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd 6316</code></pre> 6317 6318<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For 6319example only 'properties' prefixed with "<code>filename:</code>" can be used to 6320modify the output filename of an image. For example</p> 6321 6322<pre class="highlight"><code>magick rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png' 6323</code></pre> 6324 6325<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<code>option:</code>" the setting will 6326be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a 6327href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they 6328can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image, 6329in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if 6330the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p> 6331 6332<pre class="highlight"><code>magick rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \ 6333 label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif" 6334</code></pre> 6335 6336<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match 6337a 'artifact' if the given <var>key</var> does not match an existing 6338'attribute' or 'property'. </p> 6339 6340<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value 6341with <code>registry:</code>.</p> 6342 6343<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject 6344previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using 6345the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a 6346programming interface:</p> 6347 6348<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png 6349</code></pre> 6350 6351<p>where <var>x</var> is a location flag and 6352<var>filename</var> is a file containing the chunk 6353name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data. 6354This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not 6355be included in the file.</p> 6356 6357<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT), 6358or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks 6359of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent 6360subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p> 6361 6362 6363<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 \ 6364 -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png 6365</code></pre> 6366 6367<div style="margin: auto;"> 6368 <h3><a class="anchor" id="shade"></a>-shade <var>azimuth</var>x<var>elevation</var></h3> 6369</div> 6370 6371<p class="magick-description">Shade the image using a distant light source.</p> 6372 6373<p>Specify <var>azimuth</var> and <var>elevation</var> as 6374the position of the light source. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">+shade</a> to return 6375the shading results as a grayscale image.</p> 6376 6377<div style="margin: auto;"> 6378 <h3><a class="anchor" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <var>percent-opacity</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 6379</div> 6380 6381<p class="magick-description">Simulate an image shadow.</p> 6382 6383<div style="margin: auto;"> 6384 <h3><a 6385id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h3> 6386</div> 6387 6388<p class="magick-description">Use shared memory.</p> 6389 6390<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared 6391memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, 6392and the display must support the <var>MIT-SHM</var> extension. 6393Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <code>True</code>.</p> 6394 6395<div style="margin: auto;"> 6396 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <var>radius</var><br />-sharpen <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}</h3> 6397</div> 6398 6399<p class="magick-description">Sharpen the image.</p> 6400 6401<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p> 6402 6403<div style="margin: auto;"> 6404 <h3><a class="anchor" id="shave"></a>-shave <var>geometry</var></h3> 6405</div> 6406 6407<p class="magick-description">Shave pixels from the image edges.</p> 6408 6409<p>The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var> 6410argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of 6411the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. 6412Offsets are ignored.</p> 6413 6414<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 6415 6416<div style="margin: auto;"> 6417 <h3><a class="anchor" id="shear"></a>-shear <var>Xdegrees</var>[x<var>Ydegrees</var>]</h3> 6418</div> 6419 6420<p class="magick-description">Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</p> 6421 6422<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <var>Ydegrees</var> is omitted it defaults to <var>Xdegrees</var>. When both angles are 6423given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical 6424component.</p> 6425 6426<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., 6427horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount 6428of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, 6429<var>Xdegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the 6430negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<var>Xdegrees</var><90° and to the left when 90°<<var>Xdegrees</var><180°. For vertical shears <var>Ydegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the 6431positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<var>Ydegrees</var><90° and up when 90°<<var>Ydegrees</var><180°.</p> 6432 6433<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color 6434defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified 6435using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 6436 6437<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is 6438important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not 6439<var>commute</var>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For 6440example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p> 6441 6442<pre class="highlight"><code>magick logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png 6443convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png 6444</code></pre> 6445 6446<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except 6447for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates 6448a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p> 6449 6450<pre class="highlight"><code>magick logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png 6451</code></pre> 6452 6453<div style="margin: auto;"> 6454 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <var>contrast</var>x<var>mid-point</var></h3> 6455</div> 6456 6457<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</p> 6458 6459<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function 6460without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var> 6461indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, 0 is none, 3 is 6462typical and 20 is a lot. 6463</p> 6464 6465<p>The <var>mid-point</var> indicates where the maximum change 6466'slope' in contrast should fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is 6467middle-gray; 100% is black). </p> 6468 6469<p>By default the image contrast is increased, use <var>+sigmoidal-contrast</var> to decrease the contrast.</p> 6470 6471<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change (similar to 6472a gamma adjustment), you would use <var>-sigmoidal-contrast 6473{brightness}x0%</var> to increase brightness and <var>+sigmoidal-contrast {brightness}x0%</var> to decrease brightness. 6474Note the use of '0' fo rthe mid-point of the sigmoidal curve. </p> 6475 6476<p>Using a very high <var>contrast</var> will produce a sort of 6477'smoothed thresholding' of the image. Not as sharp (with high aliasing 6478effects) of a true threshold, but with tapered gray-levels around the threshold 6479<var>mid-point</var>. </p> 6480 6481<div style="margin: auto;"> 6482 <h3><a class="anchor" id="silent"></a>-silent</h3> 6483 6484 6485</div> 6486 6487<p class="magick-description">Operate silently. This option is only used 6488by the <a href="import.html">import</a> tool.</p> 6489 6490<div style="margin: auto;"> 6491 <h3><a class="anchor" id="similarity-threshold"></a>-similarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3> 6492</div> 6493 6494<p class="magick-description">Minimum RMSE for subimage match.</p> 6495 6496<p>If this setting is used, then the search will stop as soon as it finds a match whose metric is less than or equal to the value. A partially filled second output image will result. Using a value of zero, will cause the search to stop at the first perfect match it finds. If this setting is left off, then the search will proceed to completion or as limited by <var>-dissimilarity-threshold</var>.</p> 6497 6498<div style="margin: auto;"> 6499 <h3><a class="anchor" id="size"></a>-size <var>width</var>[x<var>height</var>][<var>+offset</var>]</h3> 6500</div> 6501 6502<p class="magick-description">Set the width and height of the image.</p> 6503 6504<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose 6505dimensions are unknown such as <code>GRAY</code>, <code>RGB</code>, or 6506<code>CMYK</code>. In addition to width and height, use <a 6507href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the 6508image or tell the number of colors in a <code>MAP</code> image file, (e.g. -size 6509640x512+256).</p> 6510 6511<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p> 6512 6513<pre class="highlight"><code>192x128 6514384x256 6515768x512 65161536x1024 65173072x2048 6518</code></pre> 6519 6520<div style="margin: auto;"> 6521 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <var>radius</var><br />-sketch <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}+<var>angle</var></h3> 6522</div> 6523 6524<p class="magick-description">Simulate a pencil sketch.</p> 6525 6526<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The 6527angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the 6528direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p> 6529 6530<div style="margin: auto;"> 6531 <h3><a class="anchor" id="smush"></a>-smush <var>offset</var></h3> 6532</div> 6533 6534<p class="magick-description">Appends an image sequence together ignoring transparency.</p> 6535 6536<p>Smush is a more flexible version of <a href="command-line-options.html#append">-append</a>, joining the images in the sequence top-to-bottom (<a href="command-line-options.html#smush">-smush</a>) or left-to-right (<a href="command-line-options.html#smush">+smush</a>), with a gap between images according to the specified offset.</p> 6537 6538<p>If the offset is negative, images will overlap by that amount.</p> 6539 6540<p><a href="command-line-options.html#smush">-smush</a> respects <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a>. Any empty space will be filled with the <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color.</p> 6541 6542<p>For zero offset and transparent images, the non-transparent parts of the two images will be aligned as close as possible without overlapping.</p> 6543 6544<div style="margin: auto;"> 6545 <h3><a class="anchor" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <var>value</var></h3> 6546</div> 6547 6548<p class="magick-description">Set the number of screen snapshots.</p> 6549 6550<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p> 6551 6552<div style="margin: auto;"> 6553 <h3><a class="anchor" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <var>percent-threshold</var></h3> 6554</div> 6555 6556<p class="magick-description">Negate all pixels above the threshold level.</p> 6557 6558<p>Specify <var>factor</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p> 6559 6560<p>This option produces a <var>solarization</var> effect seen when 6561exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p> 6562 6563<div style="margin: auto;"> 6564 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sort-pixels"></a>-sort-pixels</h3> 6565</div> 6566 6567<p class="magick-description">sorts pixels within each scanline in ascending order of intensity.</p> 6568 6569<div style="margin: auto;"> 6570 <h3><a class="anchor" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <var>method</var> '<var>x</var>,<var>y</var> <var>color</var> ...'</h3> 6571</div> 6572 6573<p class="magick-description"> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </p> 6574 6575 6576<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 6577<dl class="row"> 6578 <dt class="col-md-4">barycentric</dt> 6579 <dd class="col-md-8">three point triangle of color given 3 points. 6580 Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points. 6581 The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those 6582 3 points. </dd> 6583 <dt class="col-md-4">bilinear</dt> 6584 <dd class="col-md-8">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points 6585 fall back to barycentric. </dd> 6586 <dt class="col-md-4">voronoi</dt> 6587 <dd class="col-md-8">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point 6588 given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </dd> 6589 <dt class="col-md-4">manhattan</dt> 6590 <dd class="col-md-8">Like voronoi, but resulting polygonal 'cells' are mapped to a fixed coordinate system.</dd> 6591 <dt class="col-md-4">shepards</dt> 6592 <dd class="col-md-8">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance 6593 squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of 6594 colors. </dd> 6595 <dt class="col-md-4">inverse</dt> 6596 <dd class="col-md-8">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance. 6597 This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of 6598 '<code>shepards</code>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the 6599 average of colors. </dd> 6600</dl> 6601</div> 6602 6603<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual 6604canvas (<a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >-repage</a> 6605offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be 6606some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values. 6607</p> 6608 6609<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> are 6610modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not 6611affected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after 6612the operation. </p> 6613 6614<p>Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent 6615gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the 6616values. </p> 6617 6618<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all 6619the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is 6620logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor an image to some 6621default value. </p> 6622 6623 6624<div style="margin: auto;"> 6625 <h3><a class="anchor" id="splice"></a>-splice <var>geometry</var></h3> 6626</div> 6627 6628<p class="magick-description">Splice the current background color into the image.</p> 6629 6630<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a 6631href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the 6632given <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> will divide the 6633image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns. 6634</p> 6635 6636<p>If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that 6637dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a 6638href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of 6639the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a 6640href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p> 6641 6642<p>If the exact same <var>geometry</var> and <a 6643href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> the 6644added all splices removed. </p> 6645 6646<div style="margin: auto;"> 6647 <h3><a class="anchor" id="spread"></a>-spread <var>amount</var></h3> 6648</div> 6649 6650<p class="magick-description">Displace image pixels by a random amount.</p> 6651 6652<p>The argument <var>amount</var> defines the size of the 6653neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to 6654blend.</p> 6655 6656<p>The lookup is controlled by the <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting.</p> 6657 6658<div style="margin: auto;"> 6659 <h3><a class="anchor" id="statistic"></a>-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></h3> 6660</div> 6661 6662<p class="magick-description">Replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</p> 6663 6664<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p> 6665 6666<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 6667<dl class="row"> 6668<dt class="col-md-4">Gradient</dt><dd class="col-md-8">maximum difference (max - min) value in neighborhood</dd> 6669<dt class="col-md-4">Maximum</dt><dd class="col-md-8">maximum value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6670<dt class="col-md-4">Minimum</dt><dd class="col-md-8">minimum value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6671<dt class="col-md-4">Mean</dt><dd class="col-md-8">average value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6672<dt class="col-md-4">Median</dt><dd class="col-md-8">median value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6673<dt class="col-md-4">Mode</dt><dd class="col-md-8">mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6674<dt class="col-md-4">Nonpeak</dt><dd class="col-md-8">value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6675<dt class="col-md-4">RMS</dt><dd class="col-md-8">root mean square value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6676<dt class="col-md-4">StandardDeviation</dt><dd class="col-md-8"> standard deviation value per channel in neighborhood</dd> 6677</dl> 6678</div> 6679 6680<div style="margin: auto;"> 6681 <h3><a class="anchor" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <var>offset</var></h3> 6682</div> 6683 6684<p class="magick-description">Hide watermark within an image.</p> 6685 6686<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the 6687beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need 6688this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 6689320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p> 6690 6691<div style="margin: auto;"> 6692 <h3><a class="anchor" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <var>+x</var>{<var>+y</var>}</h3> 6693</div> 6694 6695<p class="magick-description">Composite two images to create a red / cyan stereo anaglyph.</p> 6696 6697<p>The left side of the stereo pair (second image) is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side (first image) is saved as the green and blue channels. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p> 6698 6699<div style="margin: auto;"> 6700 <h3><a class="anchor" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <var>type</var></h3> 6701</div> 6702 6703<p class="magick-description">Pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</p> 6704 6705<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 6706<dl class="row"> 6707<dt class="col-md-4">char</dt><dd class="col-md-8">unsigned characters</dd> 6708<dt class="col-md-4">double</dt><dd class="col-md-8">doubles</dd> 6709<dt class="col-md-4">float</dt><dd class="col-md-8">floats</dd> 6710<dt class="col-md-4">integer</dt><dd class="col-md-8">integers</dd> 6711<dt class="col-md-4">long</dt><dd class="col-md-8">longs</dd> 6712<dt class="col-md-4">quantum</dt><dd class="col-md-8">pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution</dd> 6713<dt class="col-md-4">short</dt><dd class="col-md-8">unsigned shorts</dd> 6714</dl> 6715</div> 6716 6717<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels 6718values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p> 6719 6720<div style="margin: auto;"> 6721 <h3><a class="anchor" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <var>fontStretch</var></h3> 6722</div> 6723 6724<p class="magick-description">Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</p> 6725 6726<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to 6727apply to the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStretch</var> from the following.</p> 6728 6729<pre class="highlight"><code>Any 6730Condensed 6731Expanded 6732ExtraCondensed 6733ExtraExpanded 6734Normal 6735SemiCondensed 6736SemiExpanded 6737UltraCondensed 6738UltraExpanded 6739</code></pre> 6740 6741<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list 6742stretch</a>.</p> 6743 6744<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a 6745href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a 6746href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p> 6747 6748<div style="margin: auto;"> 6749 <h3><a class="anchor" id="strip"></a>-strip</h3> 6750</div> 6751 6752<p class="magick-description">Strip the image of any profiles, comments or these PNG chunks: bKGD,cHRM,EXIF,gAMA,iCCP,iTXt,sRGB,tEXt,zCCP,zTXt,date.</p> 6753 6754<div style="margin: auto;"> 6755 <h3><a class="anchor" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <var>color</var></h3> 6756</div> 6757 6758<p class="magick-description">Color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</p> 6759 6760<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 6761 6762<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p> 6763 6764<div style="margin: auto;"> 6765 <h3><a class="anchor" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <var>value</var></h3> 6766</div> 6767 6768<p class="magick-description">Set the stroke width.</p> 6769 6770<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p> 6771 6772<div style="margin: auto;"> 6773 <h3><a class="anchor" id="style"></a>-style <var>fontStyle</var></h3> 6774</div> 6775 6776<p class="magick-description">Set a font style for text.</p> 6777 6778<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to 6779the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStyle</var> from 6780the following.</p> 6781 6782<pre class="highlight"><code>Any 6783Italic 6784Normal 6785Oblique 6786</code></pre> 6787 6788<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a 6789href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a 6790href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p> 6791 6792<div style="margin: auto;"> 6793 <h3><a class="anchor" id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h3> 6794</div> 6795 6796<p class="magick-description">Search for subimage.</p> 6797 6798<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location 6799of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images 6800(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will 6801be the "match score" image.</p> 6802 6803<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible 6804position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will 6805be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in 6806this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also 6807reported. Note that this may or may not be a perfect match, and the actual 6808brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other 6809possible matching locations. </p> 6810 6811<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible 6812location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the 6813sub-image the faster this search is. </p> 6814 6815 6816<div style="margin: auto;"> 6817 <h3><a class="anchor" id="swap"></a>-swap <var>index,index</var></h3> 6818</div> 6819 6820<p class="magick-description">Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</p> 6821 6822<p>For example, <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third 6823images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">+swap</a> to switch 6824the last two images in the sequence.</p> 6825 6826<div style="margin: auto;"> 6827 <h3><a class="anchor" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <var>degrees</var></h3> 6828</div> 6829 6830<p class="magick-description">Swirl image pixels about the center.</p> 6831 6832<p><var>Degrees</var> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p> 6833 6834<div style="margin: auto;"> 6835 <h3><a class="anchor" id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h3> 6836</div> 6837 6838<p class="magick-description">Synchronize image to storage device.</p> 6839 6840<p>Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized 6841to disk. There is a performance penalty, but the benefits include ensuring a 6842valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there 6843is not enough disk space for the image pixel cache.</p> 6844 6845<div style="margin: auto;"> 6846 <h3><a class="anchor" id="taint"></a>-taint</h3> 6847</div> 6848 6849<p class="magick-description">Mark the image as modified.</p> 6850 6851<div style="margin: auto;"> 6852 <h3><a class="anchor" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <var>name</var></h3> 6853</div> 6854 6855<p class="magick-description">Font for writing fixed-width text.</p> 6856 6857<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) 6858formatted text. The default is 14 point <var>Courier</var>.</p> 6859 6860<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or 6861OPTION1 font. For example, <code>Courier.ttf</code> is a TrueType font and 6862<code>x:fixed</code> is OPTION1.</p> 6863 6864<div style="margin: auto;"> 6865 <h3><a class="anchor" id="texture"></a>-texture <var>filename</var></h3> 6866</div> 6867 6868<p class="magick-description">Name of texture to tile onto the image background.</p> 6869 6870<div style="margin: auto;"> 6871 <h3><a class="anchor" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 6872</div> 6873 6874<!-- {<var>green,blue,opacity</var>} 6875<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as 6876the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is 6877a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used 6878and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p> 6879--> 6880 6881<p class="magick-description">Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</p> 6882 6883<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the 6884maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p> 6885 6886<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer 6887value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, 6888the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels 6889are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the 6890<code>quantum depth</code> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is 6891therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable 6892recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as 6893a percentage. </p> 6894 6895<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% 6896red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red 6897channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. 6898</p> 6899 6900<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png 6901</code></pre> 6902 6903<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would 6904generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the 6905input image.</p> 6906 6907 6908<pre class="highlight"><code>magick in.png -channel RGB -threshold 100% black.png 6909convert in.png -channel RGB -threshold -1 white.png 6910</code></pre> 6911 6912<p> See also <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a> and <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>. 6913</p> 6914 6915<div style="margin: auto;"> 6916 <h3><a class="anchor" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></h3> 6917</div> 6918 6919<p class="magick-description">Create a thumbnail of the image.</p> 6920 6921<p>This is similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized 6922for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to 6923reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a 6924href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p> 6925 6926<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 6927 6928<div style="margin: auto;"> 6929 <h3><a class="anchor" id="tile"></a>-tile <var>filename</var></h3> 6930</div> 6931 6932<p class="magick-description">Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</p> 6933 6934<div style="margin: auto;"> 6935 <h3>-tile <var>geometry</var></h3> 6936</div> 6937 6938<p class="magick-description">Specify the layout of images.</p> 6939 6940<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p> 6941 6942<div style="margin: auto;"> 6943 <h3>-tile</h3> 6944</div> 6945 6946<p class="magick-description">Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</p> 6947 6948<div style="margin: auto;"> 6949 <h3><a class="anchor" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3> 6950</div> 6951 6952<p class="magick-description">Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</p> 6953 6954<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile" 6955>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for 6956creating a tiled canvas using <code>TILE:</code> or <code>PATTERN:</code> input 6957formats. </p> 6958 6959<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image 6960by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p> 6961 6962<div style="margin: auto;"> 6963 <h3><a class="anchor" id="tint"></a>-tint <var>value</var></h3> 6964</div> 6965 6966<p class="magick-description">Tint the image with the fill color.</p> 6967 6968<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p> 6969 6970<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, 6971white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such 6972as the various shades of grey.</p> 6973 6974<div style="margin: auto;"> 6975 <h3><a class="anchor" id="title"></a>-title <var>string</var></h3> 6976</div> 6977 6978<p class="magick-description">Assign a title to displayed image.", "animate", "display", "montage</p> 6979 6980<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to 6981the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. 6982Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, 6983or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described 6984under the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option.</p> 6985 6986<p>For example,</p> 6987 6988<pre class="highlight"><code>-title "%m:%f %wx%h" 6989</code></pre> 6990 6991<p>produces an image title of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> for an image 6992titled <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p> 6993 6994 6995<div style="margin: auto;"> 6996 <h3><a class="anchor" id="transform"></a>-transform</h3> 6997</div> 6998 6999<p class="magick-description">Transform the image.</p> 7000 7001<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option.</p> 7002 7003<pre class="highlight"><code>magick -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg 7004</code></pre> 7005 7006 7007<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a 7008href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<code>AffineProjection</code>' method. </p> 7009 7010 7011<div style="margin: auto;"> 7012 <h3><a class="anchor" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <var>color</var></h3> 7013</div> 7014 7015<p class="magick-description">Make this color transparent within the image.</p> 7016 7017<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format 7018described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" 7019>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one 7020given. </p> 7021 7022<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched. 7023that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p> 7024 7025<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a 7026href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the 7027current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent. 7028However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures 7029that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" 7030>-alpha</a> set</code>", and does not require you to modify the <a 7031href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p> 7032 7033<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color' 7034used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a 7035href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p> 7036 7037 7038<div style="margin: auto;"> 7039 <h3><a class="anchor" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <var>color</var></h3> 7040</div> 7041 7042<p class="magick-description">Set the transparent color.</p> 7043 7044<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as 7045GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This 7046does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent 7047color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a 7048href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p> 7049 7050<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a 7051transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can 7052use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an 7053image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is 7054appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a 7055transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this 7056type. </p> 7057 7058<p>The default transparent color is <code>#00000000</code>, which is fully transparent black.</p> 7059 7060<div style="margin: auto;"> 7061 <h3><a class="anchor" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h3> 7062</div> 7063 7064<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</p> 7065 7066<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <code>-flip -rotate 90</code>. 7067</p> 7068 7069<div style="margin: auto;"> 7070 <h3><a class="anchor" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h3> 7071</div> 7072 7073<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <code>-flop -rotate 90</code>.</p> 7074 7075 7076<div style="margin: auto;"> 7077 <h3><a class="anchor" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <var>value</var></h3> 7078</div> 7079 7080<p class="magick-description">Tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p> 7081 7082<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes 7083the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p> 7084 7085<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source 7086image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. 7087However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the 7088best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to 7089the <a href="../www/quantize.html" 7090>color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p> 7091 7092<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a> 7093option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is 7094required for this option to take effect.</p> 7095 7096<div style="margin: auto;"> 7097 <h3><a class="anchor" id="trim"></a>-trim</h3> 7098</div> 7099 7100<p class="magick-description">Trim an image.</p> 7101 7102<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner 7103pixels. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> remove 7104edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p> 7105 7106<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing 7107you to extract the result of the <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> operation from the 7108image. Use a <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page 7109information if it is unwanted.</p> 7110 7111<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special 7112single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a 7113<a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p> 7114 7115<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> trim:percent-background=0%</code> to 7116remove all the background from the image. The amount of background that is 7117tolerated in an edge specified as a percent. 0% means no background is tolerated. 711850% means an edge can contain up to 50% pixels that are background per the fuzz-factor.</p> 7119 7120<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> trim:edges={north,east,south,west}</code> separated by commas to only trim the specified edges of the image, e.g. <code>-define trim:edges=north,south</code>.</p> 7121 7122<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> <em>background-color</em></code> to 7123identify background color surrounding the region of interest.</p> 7124 7125<div style="margin: auto;"> 7126 <h3><a class="anchor" id="type"></a>-type <var>type</var></h3> 7127</div> 7128 7129<p class="magick-description">The image type.</p> <p>Choose from: <code>Bilevel</code>, 7130<code>Grayscale</code>, <code>GrayscaleAlpha</code>, <code>Palette</code>, 7131<code>PaletteAlpha</code>, <code>TrueColor</code>, <code>TrueColorAlpha</code>, 7132<code>ColorSeparation</code>, or <code>ColorSeparationAlpha</code>.</p> 7133 7134<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and 7135truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a 7136href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For 7137example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though 7138only gray pixels are present, use.</p> 7139 7140<pre class="highlight"><code>magick bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg 7141</code></pre> 7142 7143<p>Similarly, use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type TrueColorAlpha</a> to force the 7144encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the 7145output format supports transparency.</p> 7146 7147<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p> 7148 7149<div style="margin: auto;"> 7150 <h3><a class="anchor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <var>color</var></h3> 7151</div> 7152 7153<p class="magick-description">Set the color of the annotation bounding box.</p> 7154 7155<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p> 7156 7157<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p> 7158 7159 7160<div style="margin: auto;"> 7161 <h3><a class="anchor" id="update"></a>-update <var>seconds</var></h3> 7162</div> 7163 7164<p class="magick-description">Detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</p> 7165 7166<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently 7167displayed is over-written. <code>display</code> will automagically detect that 7168the input file has been changed and update the displayed image 7169accordingly.</p> 7170 7171 7172<div style="margin: auto;"> 7173 <h3><a class="anchor" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h3> 7174</div> 7175 7176<p class="magick-description">Discard all but one of any pixel color.</p> 7177 7178 7179<div style="margin: auto;"> 7180 <h3><a class="anchor" id="units"></a>-units <var>type</var></h3> 7181</div> 7182 7183<p class="magick-description">The units of image resolution.</p> 7184 7185<p>Choose from: <code>Undefined</code>, <code>PixelsPerInch</code>, or 7186<code>PixelsPerCentimeter</code>. This option is normally used in conjunction 7187with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p> 7188 7189 7190<div style="margin: auto;"> 7191 <h3><a class="anchor" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <var>radius</var><br />-unsharp <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+gain</var>}{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3> 7192</div> 7193 7194<p class="magick-description">Sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</p> 7195 7196<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is 7197convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation 7198(sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use 7199a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p> 7200 7201<p>The parameters are:</p> 7202 7203<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 7204<dl class="row"> 7205<dt class="col-md-4">radius</dt> 7206<dd class="col-md-8">The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center pixel (default 0).</dd> 7207<dt class="col-md-4">sigma</dt> 7208<dd class="col-md-8">The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).</dd> 7209<dt class="col-md-4">gain</dt> 7210<dd class="col-md-8">The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).</dd> 7211<dt class="col-md-4">threshold</dt> 7212<dd class="col-md-8">The threshold, as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var>, needed to apply the difference amount (default 0.05).</dd> 7213</dl> 7214</div> 7215 7216<div style="margin: auto;"> 7217 <h3><a class="anchor" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h3> 7218</div> 7219 7220<p class="magick-description">Print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or <code>info:</code>.</p> 7221 7222 7223<div style="margin: auto;"> 7224 <h3><a class="anchor" id="version"></a>-version</h3> 7225</div> 7226 7227<p class="magick-description">Print ImageMagick version string and exit.</p> 7228 7229 7230<div style="margin: auto;"> 7231 <h3><a class="anchor" id="view"></a>-view <var>string</var></h3> 7232</div> 7233 7234<p class="magick-description">FlashPix viewing parameters.</p> 7235 7236 7237<div style="margin: auto;"> 7238 <h3><a class="anchor" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 7239</div> 7240 7241<p class="magick-description">Soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</p> 7242 7243<p>The vignette effect rolloff is controlled by radiusxsigma. For nominal rolloff, this would be set to 0xsigma. A value of 0x0 will produce a circle/ellipse with no rolloff. The arguments x and y control the size of the circle. Larger values decrease the radii and smaller values increase the radii. Values of +0+0 will generate a circle/ellipse the same size as the image. The default values for x and y are 10% of the corresponding image dimension. Thus, the radii will be decreased by 10%, i.e., the diameters of the circle/ellipse will be 80% of the corresponding image dimension.</p> 7244 7245<div style="margin: auto;"> 7246 <h3><a class="anchor" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></h3> 7247</div> 7248 7249<p class="magick-description">Specify contents of <var>virtual pixels</var>.</p> 7250 7251<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color 7252lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to 7253surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source 7254image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p> 7255 7256<p>Choose from these methods:</p> 7257 7258<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 7259<dl class="row"> 7260<dt class="col-md-4">background</dt><dd class="col-md-8">the area surrounding the image is the background color</dd> 7261<dt class="col-md-4">black</dt><dd class="col-md-8">the area surrounding the image is black</dd> 7262<dt class="col-md-4">checker-tile</dt><dd class="col-md-8">alternate squares with image and background color</dd> 7263<dt class="col-md-4">dither</dt><dd class="col-md-8">non-random 32x32 dithered pattern</dd> 7264<dt class="col-md-4">edge</dt><dd class="col-md-8">extend the edge pixel toward infinity</dd> 7265<dt class="col-md-4">gray</dt><dd class="col-md-8">the area surrounding the image is gray</dd> 7266<dt class="col-md-4">horizontal-tile</dt><dd class="col-md-8">horizontally tile the image, background color above/below</dd> 7267<dt class="col-md-4">horizontal-tile-edge</dt><dd class="col-md-8">horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd> 7268<dt class="col-md-4">mirror</dt><dd class="col-md-8">mirror tile the image</dd> 7269<dt class="col-md-4">random</dt><dd class="col-md-8">choose a random pixel from the image</dd> 7270<dt class="col-md-4">tile</dt><dd class="col-md-8">tile the image (default)</dd> 7271<dt class="col-md-4">transparent</dt><dd class="col-md-8">the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness</dd> 7272<dt class="col-md-4">vertical-tile</dt><dd class="col-md-8">vertically tile the image, sides are background color</dd> 7273<dt class="col-md-4">vertical-tile-edge</dt><dd class="col-md-8">vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd> 7274<dt class="col-md-4">white</dt><dd class="col-md-8">the area surrounding the image is white</dd> 7275</dl> 7276</div> 7277 7278<p>The default value is "edge".</p> 7279 7280<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" 7281>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. 7282However it also affects operations that may access pixels just outside the 7283image proper, such as <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a 7284href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p> 7285 7286<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a 7287href="command-line-options.html#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p> 7288 7289 7290<div style="margin: auto;"> 7291 <h3><a class="anchor" id="visual"></a>-visual <var>type</var></h3> 7292</div> 7293 7294<p class="magick-description">Animate images using this X visual type.", 'animate', 'display'</p> 7295 7296<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p> 7297 7298<pre class="highlight"><code>StaticGray TrueColor 7299GrayScale DirectColor 7300StaticColor default 7301PseudoColor visual id 7302</code></pre> 7303 7304<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. 7305If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most 7306simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p> 7307 7308 7309<div style="margin: auto;"> 7310 <h3><a class="anchor" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <var>brightness</var>x<var>saturation</var></h3> 7311</div> 7312 7313<p class="magick-description">Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and saturation.</p> 7314 7315<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's 7316brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the 7317<var>brightness</var> percentage. The destinations color saturation 7318attribute is just direct modified by the <var>saturation</var> 7319percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p> 7320 7321 7322<div style="margin: auto;"> 7323 <h3><a class="anchor" id="wave"></a>-wave <var>amplitude</var><br />-wave <var>amplitude</var>x<var>wavelength</var></h3> 7324</div> 7325 7326<p class="magick-description">Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</p> 7327 7328<div style="margin: auto;"> 7329 <h3><a class="anchor" id="wavelet-denoise"></a>-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var><br />-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var>x<var>softness</var></h3> 7330</div> 7331 7332<p class="magick-description">Removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform. The threshold is the value below which everything is considered noise and ranges from 0.0 (none) to QuantumRange or use percent (e.g. 5%). Softness attenuates the threshold and typically ranges from 0.0 (none) to 1.0. The higher the value the more noise that remains in the image.</p> 7333 7334<div style="margin: auto;"> 7335 <h3><a class="anchor" id="weight"></a>-weight <var>fontWeight</var></h3> 7336</div> 7337 7338<p class="magick-description">Set a font weight for text.</p> 7339 7340<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to 7341the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for 7342<var>fontWeight</var> or select from the following.</p> 7343 7344<div class="pre-scrollable highlight"> 7345<dl class="row"> 7346<dt class="col-md-4">Thin </dt> 7347<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 100.</dd> 7348<dt class="col-md-4">ExtraLight </dt> 7349<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 200.</dd> 7350<dt class="col-md-4">Light </dt> 7351<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 300.</dd> 7352<dt class="col-md-4">Normal </dt> 7353<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 400.</dd> 7354<dt class="col-md-4">Medium </dt> 7355<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 500.</dd> 7356<dt class="col-md-4">DemiBold </dt> 7357<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 600.</dd> 7358<dt class="col-md-4">Bold </dt> 7359<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 700.</dd> 7360<dt class="col-md-4">ExtraBold </dt> 7361<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 800.</dd> 7362<dt class="col-md-4">Heavy </dt> 7363<dd class="col-md-8">Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 900.</dd> 7364</dl> 7365</div> 7366<br/> 7367 7368<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list weight</a>.</p> 7369 7370<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a 7371href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a 7372href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>. </p> 7373 7374<div style="margin: auto;"> 7375 <h3><a class="anchor" id="white-balance"></a>-white-balance</h3> 7376</div> 7377<p>Applies white balancing to an image according to a grayworld assumption in the LAB colorspace.</p> 7378<p>Use <kbd>-define white-balance:vibrance=<em>value{%}</em></kdb> to change the color vibrance of the a & b channels.</p> 7379 7380<div style="margin: auto;"> 7381 <h3><a class="anchor" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <var>x,y</var></h3> 7382</div> 7383 7384<p class="magick-description">Chromaticity white point.</p> 7385 7386<div style="margin: auto;"> 7387 <h3><a class="anchor" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3> 7388</div> 7389 7390<p class="magick-description">Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</p> 7391 7392<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer 7393value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the 7394desired <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> value. See <a class="text-nowrap" href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p> 7395 7396<div style="margin: auto;"> 7397 <h3><a class="anchor" id="window"></a>-window <var>id</var></h3> 7398</div> 7399 7400<p class="magick-description">Make the image the background of a window.", 'animate', 'display'</p> 7401 7402<p><var>id</var> can be a window id or name. Specify <code>root</code> 7403to select X's root window as the target window.</p> 7404 7405<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If 7406<code>backdrop</code> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the 7407image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <code>X RESOURCES</code> 7408for details.</p> 7409 7410<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique 7411colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a 7412href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p> 7413 7414<div style="margin: auto;"> 7415 <h3><a class="anchor" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h3> 7416</div> 7417 7418<p class="magick-description">Specify the window group.</p> 7419 7420<div style="margin: auto;"> 7421 <h3><a class="anchor" id="write"></a>-write <var>filename</var></h3> 7422</div> 7423 7424<p class="magick-description">Write an image sequence.</p> 7425 7426<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> <var>filename</var> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">+write</a> <var>filename</var> option.</p> 7427 7428<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p> 7429 7430<div style="margin: auto;"> 7431 <h3><a class="anchor" id="write-mask"></a>-write-mask <var>filename</var></h3> 7432</div> 7433 7434<p class="magick-description">Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</p> 7435 7436<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with 7437grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to. 7438</p> 7439 7440<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#write-mask">+write-mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p> 7441 7442<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way, 7443but with strict boolean masking. </p> 7444</div> 7445</div> 7446 </div> 7447 </main><!-- /.container --> 7448 <footer class="magick-footer"> 7449 <div class="container-fluid"> 7450 <a href="security-policy.html">Security</a> • 7451 <a href="news.html">News</a> 7452 7453 <a href="command-line-options.html#"><img class="d-inline" id="wand" alt="And Now a Touch of Magick" width="16" height="16" src="../images/wand.ico"/></a> 7454 7455 <a href="links.html">Related</a> • 7456 <a href="sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> 7457 <br/> 7458 <a href="support.html">Sponsor</a> • 7459 <a href="cite.html">Cite</a> • 7460 <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> • 7461 <a href="https://imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a> 7462 <br/> 7463 <a href="https://github.com/imagemagick/imagemagick" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 499.36" width="2%" height="2%" role="img" focusable="false"><title>GitHub</title><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"/></svg></a> • 7464 <a href="https://twitter.com/imagemagick" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 416.32" width="2%" height="2%" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Twitter</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M160.83 416.32c193.2 0 298.92-160.22 298.92-298.92 0-4.51 0-9-.2-13.52A214 214 0 0 0 512 49.38a212.93 212.93 0 0 1-60.44 16.6 105.7 105.7 0 0 0 46.3-58.19 209 209 0 0 1-66.79 25.37 105.09 105.09 0 0 0-181.73 71.91 116.12 116.12 0 0 0 2.66 24c-87.28-4.3-164.73-46.3-216.56-109.82A105.48 105.48 0 0 0 68 159.6a106.27 106.27 0 0 1-47.53-13.11v1.43a105.28 105.28 0 0 0 84.21 103.06 105.67 105.67 0 0 1-47.33 1.84 105.06 105.06 0 0 0 98.14 72.94A210.72 210.72 0 0 1 25 370.84a202.17 202.17 0 0 1-25-1.43 298.85 298.85 0 0 0 160.83 46.92"/></svg></a> 7465 <br/> 7466 <small>© 1999-2021 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small> 7467 </div> 7468 </footer> 7469 7470 <!-- Javascript assets --> 7471 <script src="assets/magick.js" ></script> 7472 </body> 7473</html> 7474<!-- Magick Cache 13th February 2021 11:48 -->