xref: /external/angle/src/libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/vk_helpers.cpp

//
// Copyright 2018 The ANGLE Project Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
//
// vk_helpers:
//   Helper utility classes that manage Vulkan resources.

#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/vk_helpers.h"

#include "common/utilities.h"
#include "common/vulkan/vk_headers.h"
#include "image_util/loadimage.h"
#include "libANGLE/Context.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/driver_utils.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/renderer_utils.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/BufferVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/ContextVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/DisplayVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/FramebufferVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/RenderTargetVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/RendererVk.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/android/vk_android_utils.h"
#include "libANGLE/renderer/vulkan/vk_utils.h"
#include "libANGLE/trace.h"

namespace rx
{
namespace vk
{
namespace
{
// ANGLE_robust_resource_initialization requires color textures to be initialized to zero.
constexpr VkClearColorValue kRobustInitColorValue = {{0, 0, 0, 0}};
// When emulating a texture, we want the emulated channels to be 0, with alpha 1.
constexpr VkClearColorValue kEmulatedInitColorValue = {{0, 0, 0, 1.0f}};
// ANGLE_robust_resource_initialization requires depth to be initialized to 1 and stencil to 0.
// We are fine with these values for emulated depth/stencil textures too.
constexpr VkClearDepthStencilValue kRobustInitDepthStencilValue = {1.0f, 0};

constexpr VkImageAspectFlags kDepthStencilAspects =
    VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;

constexpr angle::PackedEnumMap<PipelineStage, VkPipelineStageFlagBits> kPipelineStageFlagBitMap = {
    {PipelineStage::TopOfPipe, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::DrawIndirect, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::VertexInput, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::VertexShader, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::TessellationControl, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::TessellationEvaluation, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::GeometryShader, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::TransformFeedback, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BIT_EXT},
    {PipelineStage::EarlyFragmentTest, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::FragmentShader, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::LateFragmentTest, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::ColorAttachmentOutput, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::ComputeShader, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::Transfer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::BottomOfPipe, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT},
    {PipelineStage::Host, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT}};

constexpr gl::ShaderMap<PipelineStage> kPipelineStageShaderMap = {
    {gl::ShaderType::Vertex, PipelineStage::VertexShader},
    {gl::ShaderType::TessControl, PipelineStage::TessellationControl},
    {gl::ShaderType::TessEvaluation, PipelineStage::TessellationEvaluation},
    {gl::ShaderType::Geometry, PipelineStage::GeometryShader},
    {gl::ShaderType::Fragment, PipelineStage::FragmentShader},
    {gl::ShaderType::Compute, PipelineStage::ComputeShader},
};

constexpr size_t kDefaultPoolAllocatorPageSize = 16 * 1024;

struct ImageMemoryBarrierData
{
    char name[44];

    // The Vk layout corresponding to the ImageLayout key.
    VkImageLayout layout;

    // The stage in which the image is used (or Bottom/Top if not using any specific stage).  Unless
    // Bottom/Top (Bottom used for transition to and Top used for transition from), the two values
    // should match.
    VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask;
    VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask;
    // Access mask when transitioning into this layout.
    VkAccessFlags dstAccessMask;
    // Access mask when transitioning out from this layout.  Note that source access mask never
    // needs a READ bit, as WAR hazards don't need memory barriers (just execution barriers).
    VkAccessFlags srcAccessMask;
    // Read or write.
    ResourceAccess type;
    // *CommandBufferHelper track an array of PipelineBarriers. This indicates which array element
    // this should be merged into. Right now we track individual barrier for every PipelineStage. If
    // layout has a single stage mask bit, we use that stage as index. If layout has multiple stage
    // mask bits, we pick the lowest stage as the index since it is the first stage that needs
    // barrier.
    PipelineStage barrierIndex;
};

constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags kPreFragmentStageFlags =
    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT |
    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT;

constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags =
    kPreFragmentStageFlags | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT;

constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags =
    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;

// clang-format off
constexpr angle::PackedEnumMap<ImageLayout, ImageMemoryBarrierData> kImageMemoryBarrierData = {
    {
        ImageLayout::Undefined,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "Undefined",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            // Transition to: we don't expect to transition into Undefined.
            0,
            // Transition from: there's no data in the image to care about.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::InvalidEnum,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ColorAttachment,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ColorAttachment",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::ColorAttachmentOutput,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ColorAttachmentAndFragmentShaderRead,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ColorAttachmentAndFragmentShaderRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::FragmentShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ColorAttachmentAndAllShadersRead,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ColorAttachmentAndAllShadersRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DSAttachmentWriteAndFragmentShaderRead,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DSAttachmentWriteAndFragmentShaderRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::FragmentShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DSAttachmentWriteAndAllShadersRead,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DSAttachmentWriteAndAllShadersRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags | kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags | kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DSAttachmentReadAndFragmentShaderRead,
            ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DSAttachmentReadAndFragmentShaderRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::EarlyFragmentTest,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DSAttachmentReadAndAllShadersRead,
            ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DSAttachmentReadAndAllShadersRead",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags | kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags | kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DepthStencilAttachmentReadOnly,
            ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DepthStencilAttachmentReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::EarlyFragmentTest,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DepthStencilAttachment,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DepthStencilAttachment",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllDepthStencilPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::EarlyFragmentTest,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::DepthStencilResolveAttachment,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "DepthStencilResolveAttachment",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
            // Note: depth/stencil resolve uses color output stage and mask!
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::ColorAttachmentOutput,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::Present,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "Present",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            // transition to: vkQueuePresentKHR automatically performs the appropriate memory barriers:
            //
            // > Any writes to memory backing the images referenced by the pImageIndices and
            // > pSwapchains members of pPresentInfo, that are available before vkQueuePresentKHR
            // > is executed, are automatically made visible to the read access performed by the
            // > presentation engine.
            0,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::BottomOfPipe,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::SharedPresent,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "SharedPresent",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::BottomOfPipe,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ExternalPreInitialized,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ExternalPreInitialized",
            // Binding a VkImage with an initial layout of VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED to external
            // memory whose content has already been defined does not make the content undefined
            // (see 12.8.1.  External Resource Sharing).
            //
            // Note that for external memory objects, if the content is already defined, the
            // ownership rules imply that the first operation on the texture must be a call to
            // glWaitSemaphoreEXT that grants ownership of the image and informs us of the true
            // layout.  If the content is not already defined, the first operation may not be a
            // glWaitSemaphore, but in this case undefined layout is appropriate.
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
            // Transition to: we don't expect to transition into PreInitialized.
            0,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::InvalidEnum,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ExternalShadersReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ExternalShadersReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::TopOfPipe,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ExternalShadersWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ExternalShadersWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::TopOfPipe,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::TransferSrc,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "TransferSrc",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::Transfer,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::TransferDst,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "TransferDst",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::Transfer,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::VertexShaderReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "VertexShaderReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::VertexShaderWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "VertexShaderWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::PreFragmentShadersReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "PreFragmentShadersReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            kPreFragmentStageFlags,
            kPreFragmentStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::PreFragmentShadersWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "PreFragmentShadersWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            kPreFragmentStageFlags,
            kPreFragmentStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::FragmentShaderReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "FragmentShaderReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::FragmentShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::FragmentShaderWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "FragmentShaderWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::FragmentShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ComputeShaderReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ComputeShaderReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            PipelineStage::ComputeShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::ComputeShaderWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "ComputeShaderWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            PipelineStage::ComputeShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::AllGraphicsShadersReadOnly,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "AllGraphicsShadersReadOnly",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            // Transition from: RAR and WAR don't need memory barrier.
            0,
            ResourceAccess::ReadOnly,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
    {
        ImageLayout::AllGraphicsShadersWrite,
        ImageMemoryBarrierData{
            "AllGraphicsShadersWrite",
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            kAllShadersPipelineStageFlags,
            // Transition to: all reads and writes must happen after barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            // Transition from: all writes must finish before barrier.
            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
            ResourceAccess::Write,
            // In case of multiple destination stages, We barrier the earliest stage
            PipelineStage::VertexShader,
        },
    },
};
// clang-format on

VkPipelineStageFlags GetImageLayoutSrcStageMask(Context *context,
                                                const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transition)
{
    return transition.srcStageMask & context->getRenderer()->getSupportedVulkanPipelineStageMask();
}

VkPipelineStageFlags GetImageLayoutDstStageMask(Context *context,
                                                const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transition)
{
    return transition.dstStageMask & context->getRenderer()->getSupportedVulkanPipelineStageMask();
}

void HandlePrimitiveRestart(ContextVk *contextVk,
                            gl::DrawElementsType glIndexType,
                            GLsizei indexCount,
                            const uint8_t *srcPtr,
                            uint8_t *outPtr)
{
    switch (glIndexType)
    {
        case gl::DrawElementsType::UnsignedByte:
            if (contextVk->getFeatures().supportsIndexTypeUint8.enabled)
            {
                CopyLineLoopIndicesWithRestart<uint8_t, uint8_t>(indexCount, srcPtr, outPtr);
            }
            else
            {
                CopyLineLoopIndicesWithRestart<uint8_t, uint16_t>(indexCount, srcPtr, outPtr);
            }
            break;
        case gl::DrawElementsType::UnsignedShort:
            CopyLineLoopIndicesWithRestart<uint16_t, uint16_t>(indexCount, srcPtr, outPtr);
            break;
        case gl::DrawElementsType::UnsignedInt:
            CopyLineLoopIndicesWithRestart<uint32_t, uint32_t>(indexCount, srcPtr, outPtr);
            break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
    }
}

bool HasBothDepthAndStencilAspects(VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags)
{
    return IsMaskFlagSet(aspectFlags, kDepthStencilAspects);
}

uint8_t GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(uint32_t layerStart,
                                        uint32_t layerCount,
                                        uint32_t maxLayerCount)
{
    uint8_t layerRangeBits = layerCount >= maxLayerCount ? static_cast<uint8_t>(~0u)
                                                         : angle::BitMask<uint8_t>(layerCount);
    layerRangeBits <<= layerStart;

    return layerRangeBits;
}

uint32_t GetImageLayerCountForView(const ImageHelper &image)
{
    // Depth > 1 means this is a 3D texture and depth is our layer count
    return image.getExtents().depth > 1 ? image.getExtents().depth : image.getLayerCount();
}

void ReleaseImageViews(ImageViewVector *imageViewVector, std::vector<GarbageObject> *garbage)
{
    for (ImageView &imageView : *imageViewVector)
    {
        if (imageView.valid())
        {
            garbage->emplace_back(GetGarbage(&imageView));
        }
    }
    imageViewVector->clear();
}

void DestroyImageViews(ImageViewVector *imageViewVector, VkDevice device)
{
    for (ImageView &imageView : *imageViewVector)
    {
        imageView.destroy(device);
    }
    imageViewVector->clear();
}

ImageView *GetLevelImageView(ImageViewVector *imageViews, LevelIndex levelVk, uint32_t levelCount)
{
    // Lazily allocate the storage for image views. We allocate the full level count because we
    // don't want to trigger any std::vector reallocations. Reallocations could invalidate our
    // view pointers.
    if (imageViews->empty())
    {
        imageViews->resize(levelCount);
    }
    ASSERT(imageViews->size() > levelVk.get());

    return &(*imageViews)[levelVk.get()];
}

ImageView *GetLevelLayerImageView(LayerLevelImageViewVector *imageViews,
                                  LevelIndex levelVk,
                                  uint32_t layer,
                                  uint32_t levelCount,
                                  uint32_t layerCount)
{
    // Lazily allocate the storage for image views. We allocate the full layer count because we
    // don't want to trigger any std::vector reallocations. Reallocations could invalidate our
    // view pointers.
    if (imageViews->empty())
    {
        imageViews->resize(layerCount);
    }
    ASSERT(imageViews->size() > layer);

    return GetLevelImageView(&(*imageViews)[layer], levelVk, levelCount);
}

// Special rules apply to VkBufferImageCopy with depth/stencil. The components are tightly packed
// into a depth or stencil section of the destination buffer. See the spec:
// https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.1-extensions/man/html/VkBufferImageCopy.html
const angle::Format &GetDepthStencilImageToBufferFormat(const angle::Format &imageFormat,
                                                        VkImageAspectFlagBits copyAspect)
{
    if (copyAspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)
    {
        ASSERT(imageFormat.id == angle::FormatID::D24_UNORM_S8_UINT ||
               imageFormat.id == angle::FormatID::D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT ||
               imageFormat.id == angle::FormatID::S8_UINT);
        return angle::Format::Get(angle::FormatID::S8_UINT);
    }

    ASSERT(copyAspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT);

    switch (imageFormat.id)
    {
        case angle::FormatID::D16_UNORM:
            return imageFormat;
        case angle::FormatID::D24_UNORM_X8_UINT:
            return imageFormat;
        case angle::FormatID::D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
            return angle::Format::Get(angle::FormatID::D24_UNORM_X8_UINT);
        case angle::FormatID::D32_FLOAT:
            return imageFormat;
        case angle::FormatID::D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT:
            return angle::Format::Get(angle::FormatID::D32_FLOAT);
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
            return imageFormat;
    }
}

VkClearValue GetRobustResourceClearValue(const angle::Format &intendedFormat,
                                         const angle::Format &actualFormat)
{
    VkClearValue clearValue = {};
    if (intendedFormat.hasDepthOrStencilBits())
    {
        clearValue.depthStencil = kRobustInitDepthStencilValue;
    }
    else
    {
        clearValue.color = HasEmulatedImageChannels(intendedFormat, actualFormat)
                               ? kEmulatedInitColorValue
                               : kRobustInitColorValue;
    }
    return clearValue;
}

#if !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_MACOS) && !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_ANDROID)
bool IsExternalQueueFamily(uint32_t queueFamilyIndex)
{
    return queueFamilyIndex == VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL ||
           queueFamilyIndex == VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_FOREIGN_EXT;
}
#endif

bool IsShaderReadOnlyLayout(const ImageMemoryBarrierData &imageLayout)
{
    return imageLayout.layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
}

bool IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(const gl::TexLevelArray<angle::BitSet8<8>> &contentDefined)
{
    for (const angle::BitSet8<8> &levelContentDefined : contentDefined)
    {
        if (levelContentDefined.any())
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void ExtendRenderPassInvalidateArea(const gl::Rectangle &invalidateArea, gl::Rectangle *out)
{
    if (out->empty())
    {
        *out = invalidateArea;
    }
    else
    {
        gl::ExtendRectangle(*out, invalidateArea, out);
    }
}

bool CanCopyWithTransferForCopyImage(RendererVk *renderer,
                                     ImageHelper *srcImage,
                                     VkImageTiling srcTilingMode,
                                     ImageHelper *dstImage,
                                     VkImageTiling dstTilingMode)
{
    // Neither source nor destination formats can be emulated for copy image through transfer,
    // unless they are emulated with the same format!
    bool isFormatCompatible =
        (!srcImage->hasEmulatedImageFormat() && !dstImage->hasEmulatedImageFormat()) ||
        srcImage->getActualFormatID() == dstImage->getActualFormatID();

    // If neither formats are emulated, GL validation ensures that pixelBytes is the same for both.
    ASSERT(!isFormatCompatible ||
           srcImage->getActualFormat().pixelBytes == dstImage->getActualFormat().pixelBytes);

    return isFormatCompatible &&
           CanCopyWithTransfer(renderer, srcImage->getActualFormatID(), srcTilingMode,
                               dstImage->getActualFormatID(), dstTilingMode);
}

void ReleaseBufferListToRenderer(RendererVk *renderer, BufferHelperPointerVector *buffers)
{
    for (std::unique_ptr<BufferHelper> &toFree : *buffers)
    {
        toFree->release(renderer);
    }
    buffers->clear();
}

void DestroyBufferList(RendererVk *renderer, BufferHelperPointerVector *buffers)
{
    for (std::unique_ptr<BufferHelper> &toDestroy : *buffers)
    {
        toDestroy->destroy(renderer);
    }
    buffers->clear();
}

// Helper functions used below
char GetLoadOpShorthand(RenderPassLoadOp loadOp)
{
    switch (loadOp)
    {
        case RenderPassLoadOp::Clear:
            return 'C';
        case RenderPassLoadOp::Load:
            return 'L';
        case RenderPassLoadOp::None:
            return 'N';
        default:
            return 'D';
    }
}

char GetStoreOpShorthand(RenderPassStoreOp storeOp)
{
    switch (storeOp)
    {
        case RenderPassStoreOp::Store:
            return 'S';
        case RenderPassStoreOp::None:
            return 'N';
        default:
            return 'D';
    }
}

template <typename CommandBufferHelperT>
void RecycleCommandBufferHelper(VkDevice device,
                                std::vector<CommandBufferHelperT *> *freeList,
                                CommandBufferHelperT **commandBufferHelper,
                                priv::SecondaryCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    freeList->push_back(*commandBufferHelper);
}

template <typename CommandBufferHelperT>
void RecycleCommandBufferHelper(VkDevice device,
                                std::vector<CommandBufferHelperT *> *freeList,
                                CommandBufferHelperT **commandBufferHelper,
                                VulkanSecondaryCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    CommandPool *pool = (*commandBufferHelper)->getCommandPool();

    pool->freeCommandBuffers(device, 1, commandBuffer->ptr());
    commandBuffer->releaseHandle();
    SafeDelete(*commandBufferHelper);
}

ANGLE_MAYBE_UNUSED void ResetSecondaryCommandBuffer(
    std::vector<priv::SecondaryCommandBuffer> *resetList,
    priv::SecondaryCommandBuffer &&commandBuffer)
{
    commandBuffer.reset();
}

ANGLE_MAYBE_UNUSED void ResetSecondaryCommandBuffer(
    std::vector<VulkanSecondaryCommandBuffer> *resetList,
    VulkanSecondaryCommandBuffer &&commandBuffer)
{
    resetList->push_back(std::move(commandBuffer));
}

bool IsClear(UpdateSource updateSource)
{
    return updateSource == UpdateSource::Clear ||
           updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly ||
           updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearAfterInvalidate;
}

bool IsClearOfAllChannels(UpdateSource updateSource)
{
    return updateSource == UpdateSource::Clear ||
           updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearAfterInvalidate;
}
}  // anonymous namespace

// This is an arbitrary max. We can change this later if necessary.
uint32_t DynamicDescriptorPool::mMaxSetsPerPool           = 16;
uint32_t DynamicDescriptorPool::mMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplier = 2;

VkImageCreateFlags GetImageCreateFlags(gl::TextureType textureType)
{
    switch (textureType)
    {
        case gl::TextureType::CubeMap:
        case gl::TextureType::CubeMapArray:
            return VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;

        case gl::TextureType::_3D:
            return VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT;

        default:
            return 0;
    }
}

ImageLayout GetImageLayoutFromGLImageLayout(GLenum layout)
{
    switch (layout)
    {
        case GL_NONE:
            return ImageLayout::Undefined;
        case GL_LAYOUT_GENERAL_EXT:
            return ImageLayout::ExternalShadersWrite;
        case GL_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_EXT:
            return ImageLayout::ColorAttachment;
        case GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_EXT:
        case GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_EXT:
        case GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_EXT:
        case GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_EXT:
            // Note: once VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts becomes core or ubiquitous, we
            // should optimize depth/stencil image layout transitions to only be performed on the
            // aspect that needs transition.  In that case, these four layouts can be distinguished
            // and optimized.  Note that the exact equivalent of these layouts are specified in
            // VK_KHR_maintenance2, which are also usable, granted we transition the pair of
            // depth/stencil layouts accordingly elsewhere in ANGLE.
            return ImageLayout::DepthStencilAttachment;
        case GL_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_EXT:
            return ImageLayout::ExternalShadersReadOnly;
        case GL_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_EXT:
            return ImageLayout::TransferSrc;
        case GL_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_EXT:
            return ImageLayout::TransferDst;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
            return vk::ImageLayout::Undefined;
    }
}

GLenum ConvertImageLayoutToGLImageLayout(ImageLayout layout)
{
    switch (kImageMemoryBarrierData[layout].layout)
    {
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED:
            return GL_NONE;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_GENERAL_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_EXT;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
            return GL_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_EXT;
        default:
            break;
    }
    UNREACHABLE();
    return GL_NONE;
}

VkImageLayout ConvertImageLayoutToVkImageLayout(ImageLayout imageLayout)
{
    return kImageMemoryBarrierData[imageLayout].layout;
}

bool FormatHasNecessaryFeature(RendererVk *renderer,
                               angle::FormatID formatID,
                               VkImageTiling tilingMode,
                               VkFormatFeatureFlags featureBits)
{
    return (tilingMode == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL)
               ? renderer->hasImageFormatFeatureBits(formatID, featureBits)
               : renderer->hasLinearImageFormatFeatureBits(formatID, featureBits);
}

bool CanCopyWithTransfer(RendererVk *renderer,
                         angle::FormatID srcFormatID,
                         VkImageTiling srcTilingMode,
                         angle::FormatID dstFormatID,
                         VkImageTiling dstTilingMode)
{
    // Checks that the formats in the copy transfer have the appropriate tiling and transfer bits
    bool isTilingCompatible           = srcTilingMode == dstTilingMode;
    bool srcFormatHasNecessaryFeature = FormatHasNecessaryFeature(
        renderer, srcFormatID, srcTilingMode, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT);
    bool dstFormatHasNecessaryFeature = FormatHasNecessaryFeature(
        renderer, dstFormatID, dstTilingMode, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT);

    return isTilingCompatible && srcFormatHasNecessaryFeature && dstFormatHasNecessaryFeature;
}

// PackedClearValuesArray implementation
PackedClearValuesArray::PackedClearValuesArray() : mValues{} {}
PackedClearValuesArray::~PackedClearValuesArray() = default;

PackedClearValuesArray::PackedClearValuesArray(const PackedClearValuesArray &other) = default;
PackedClearValuesArray &PackedClearValuesArray::operator=(const PackedClearValuesArray &rhs) =
    default;

void PackedClearValuesArray::store(PackedAttachmentIndex index,
                                   VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                   const VkClearValue &clearValue)
{
    ASSERT(aspectFlags != 0);
    if (aspectFlags != VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)
    {
        storeNoDepthStencil(index, clearValue);
    }
}

void PackedClearValuesArray::storeNoDepthStencil(PackedAttachmentIndex index,
                                                 const VkClearValue &clearValue)
{
    mValues[index.get()] = clearValue;
}

// RenderPassAttachment implementation
RenderPassAttachment::RenderPassAttachment()
{
    reset();
}

void RenderPassAttachment::init(ImageHelper *image,
                                gl::LevelIndex levelIndex,
                                uint32_t layerIndex,
                                uint32_t layerCount,
                                VkImageAspectFlagBits aspect)
{
    ASSERT(mImage == nullptr);

    mImage      = image;
    mLevelIndex = levelIndex;
    mLayerIndex = layerIndex;
    mLayerCount = layerCount;
    mAspect     = aspect;

    mImage->setRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::RenderTargetAttachment);
}

void RenderPassAttachment::reset()
{
    mImage = nullptr;

    mAccess = ResourceAccess::Unused;

    mInvalidatedCmdCount = kInfiniteCmdCount;
    mDisabledCmdCount    = kInfiniteCmdCount;
    mInvalidateArea      = gl::Rectangle();
}

void RenderPassAttachment::onAccess(ResourceAccess access, uint32_t currentCmdCount)
{
    // Update the access for optimizing this render pass's loadOp
    UpdateAccess(&mAccess, access);

    // Update the invalidate state for optimizing this render pass's storeOp
    if (onAccessImpl(access, currentCmdCount))
    {
        // The attachment is no longer invalid, so restore its content.
        restoreContent();
    }
}

void RenderPassAttachment::invalidate(const gl::Rectangle &invalidateArea,
                                      bool isAttachmentEnabled,
                                      uint32_t currentCmdCount)
{
    // Keep track of the command count in the render pass at the time of invalidation.  If there are
    // more commands in the future, invalidate must be undone.
    mInvalidatedCmdCount = currentCmdCount;

    // Also track the command count if the attachment is currently disabled.
    mDisabledCmdCount = isAttachmentEnabled ? kInfiniteCmdCount : currentCmdCount;

    // Set/extend the invalidate area.
    ExtendRenderPassInvalidateArea(invalidateArea, &mInvalidateArea);
}

void RenderPassAttachment::onRenderAreaGrowth(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              const gl::Rectangle &newRenderArea)
{
    // Remove invalidate if it's no longer applicable.
    if (mInvalidateArea.empty() || mInvalidateArea.encloses(newRenderArea))
    {
        return;
    }

    ANGLE_VK_PERF_WARNING(contextVk, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_LOW,
                          "InvalidateSubFramebuffer discarded due to increased scissor region");

    mInvalidateArea      = gl::Rectangle();
    mInvalidatedCmdCount = kInfiniteCmdCount;
}

void RenderPassAttachment::finalizeLoadStore(Context *context,
                                             uint32_t currentCmdCount,
                                             bool hasUnresolveAttachment,
                                             RenderPassLoadOp *loadOp,
                                             RenderPassStoreOp *storeOp,
                                             bool *isInvalidatedOut)
{
    // Ensure we don't write to a read-only attachment. (ReadOnly -> !Write)
    ASSERT(!mImage->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment) ||
           mAccess != ResourceAccess::Write);

    // If the attachment is invalidated, skip the store op.  If we are not loading or clearing the
    // attachment and the attachment has not been used, auto-invalidate it.
    const bool notLoaded = *loadOp == RenderPassLoadOp::DontCare && !hasUnresolveAttachment;
    if (isInvalidated(currentCmdCount) || (notLoaded && mAccess != ResourceAccess::Write))
    {
        *storeOp          = RenderPassStoreOp::DontCare;
        *isInvalidatedOut = true;
    }
    else if (hasWriteAfterInvalidate(currentCmdCount))
    {
        // The attachment was invalidated, but is now valid.  Let the image know the contents are
        // now defined so a future render pass would use loadOp=LOAD.
        restoreContent();
    }

    // For read only depth stencil, we can use StoreOpNone if available.  DontCare is still
    // preferred, so do this after handling DontCare.
    const bool supportsLoadStoreOpNone =
        context->getRenderer()->getFeatures().supportsRenderPassLoadStoreOpNone.enabled;
    const bool supportsStoreOpNone =
        supportsLoadStoreOpNone ||
        context->getRenderer()->getFeatures().supportsRenderPassStoreOpNone.enabled;
    if (mAccess == ResourceAccess::ReadOnly && supportsStoreOpNone)
    {
        if (*storeOp == RenderPassStoreOp::Store && *loadOp != RenderPassLoadOp::Clear)
        {
            *storeOp = RenderPassStoreOp::None;
        }
    }

    if (mAccess == ResourceAccess::Unused)
    {
        if (*storeOp == RenderPassStoreOp::DontCare)
        {
            // If we are loading or clearing the attachment, but the attachment has not been used,
            // and the data has also not been stored back into attachment, then just skip the
            // load/clear op.
            *loadOp = RenderPassLoadOp::DontCare;
        }
        else
        {
            switch (*loadOp)
            {
                case RenderPassLoadOp::Clear:
                    // Cannot optimize away the ops if the attachment is cleared (even if not used
                    // afterwards)
                    break;
                case RenderPassLoadOp::Load:
                    // Make sure the attachment is neither loaded nor stored (as it's neither used
                    // nor invalidated), if possible.
                    if (supportsLoadStoreOpNone)
                    {
                        *loadOp = RenderPassLoadOp::None;
                    }
                    if (supportsStoreOpNone)
                    {
                        *storeOp = RenderPassStoreOp::None;
                    }
                    break;
                case RenderPassLoadOp::DontCare:
                case RenderPassLoadOp::None:
                default:
                    // loadOp=DontCare should be covered by storeOp=DontCare above.
                    // loadOp=None is never decided upfront.
                    UNREACHABLE();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

void RenderPassAttachment::restoreContent()
{
    // Note that the image may have been deleted since the render pass has started.
    if (mImage)
    {
        ASSERT(mImage->valid());
        if (mAspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)
        {
            mImage->restoreSubresourceStencilContent(mLevelIndex, mLayerIndex, mLayerCount);
        }
        else
        {
            mImage->restoreSubresourceContent(mLevelIndex, mLayerIndex, mLayerCount);
        }
        mInvalidateArea = gl::Rectangle();
    }
}

bool RenderPassAttachment::hasWriteAfterInvalidate(uint32_t currentCmdCount) const
{
    return (mInvalidatedCmdCount != kInfiniteCmdCount &&
            std::min(mDisabledCmdCount, currentCmdCount) != mInvalidatedCmdCount);
}

bool RenderPassAttachment::isInvalidated(uint32_t currentCmdCount) const
{
    return mInvalidatedCmdCount != kInfiniteCmdCount &&
           std::min(mDisabledCmdCount, currentCmdCount) == mInvalidatedCmdCount;
}

bool RenderPassAttachment::onAccessImpl(ResourceAccess access, uint32_t currentCmdCount)
{
    if (mInvalidatedCmdCount == kInfiniteCmdCount)
    {
        // If never invalidated or no longer invalidated, return early.
        return false;
    }
    if (access == ResourceAccess::Write)
    {
        // Drawing to this attachment is being enabled.  Assume that drawing will immediately occur
        // after this attachment is enabled, and that means that the attachment will no longer be
        // invalidated.
        mInvalidatedCmdCount = kInfiniteCmdCount;
        mDisabledCmdCount    = kInfiniteCmdCount;
        // Return true to indicate that the store op should remain STORE and that mContentDefined
        // should be set to true;
        return true;
    }
    // Drawing to this attachment is being disabled.
    if (hasWriteAfterInvalidate(currentCmdCount))
    {
        // The attachment was previously drawn while enabled, and so is no longer invalidated.
        mInvalidatedCmdCount = kInfiniteCmdCount;
        mDisabledCmdCount    = kInfiniteCmdCount;
        // Return true to indicate that the store op should remain STORE and that mContentDefined
        // should be set to true;
        return true;
    }

    // Use the latest CmdCount at the start of being disabled.  At the end of the render pass,
    // cmdCountDisabled is <= the actual command count, and so it's compared with
    // cmdCountInvalidated.  If the same, the attachment is still invalidated.
    mDisabledCmdCount = currentCmdCount;
    return false;
}

// CommandBufferHelperCommon implementation.
CommandBufferHelperCommon::CommandBufferHelperCommon()
    : mPipelineBarriers(),
      mPipelineBarrierMask(),
      mCommandPool(nullptr),
      mHasShaderStorageOutput(false),
      mHasGLMemoryBarrierIssued(false),
      mResourceUseList()
{}

CommandBufferHelperCommon::~CommandBufferHelperCommon() {}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::initializeImpl(Context *context, CommandPool *commandPool)
{
    ASSERT(mUsedBuffers.empty());

    mAllocator.initialize(kDefaultPoolAllocatorPageSize, 1);
    // Push a scope into the pool allocator so we can easily free and re-init on reset()
    mAllocator.push();

    mCommandPool = commandPool;
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::resetImpl()
{
    mAllocator.pop();
    mAllocator.push();

    mUsedBuffers.clear();
    ASSERT(mResourceUseList.empty());
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::bufferRead(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                           VkAccessFlags readAccessType,
                                           PipelineStage readStage,
                                           BufferHelper *buffer)
{
    VkPipelineStageFlagBits stageBits = kPipelineStageFlagBitMap[readStage];
    if (buffer->recordReadBarrier(readAccessType, stageBits, &mPipelineBarriers[readStage]))
    {
        mPipelineBarrierMask.set(readStage);
    }

    ASSERT(!usesBufferForWrite(*buffer));
    if (!mUsedBuffers.contains(buffer->getBufferSerial()))
    {
        mUsedBuffers.insert(buffer->getBufferSerial(), BufferAccess::Read);
        buffer->retainReadOnly(&mResourceUseList);
    }
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::bufferWrite(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                            VkAccessFlags writeAccessType,
                                            PipelineStage writeStage,
                                            AliasingMode aliasingMode,
                                            BufferHelper *buffer)
{
    buffer->retainReadWrite(&mResourceUseList);
    VkPipelineStageFlagBits stageBits = kPipelineStageFlagBitMap[writeStage];
    if (buffer->recordWriteBarrier(writeAccessType, stageBits, &mPipelineBarriers[writeStage]))
    {
        mPipelineBarrierMask.set(writeStage);
    }

    // Storage buffers are special. They can alias one another in a shader.
    // We support aliasing by not tracking storage buffers. This works well with the GL API
    // because storage buffers are required to be externally synchronized.
    // Compute / XFB emulation buffers are not allowed to alias.
    if (aliasingMode == AliasingMode::Disallowed)
    {
        ASSERT(!usesBuffer(*buffer));
        mUsedBuffers.insert(buffer->getBufferSerial(), BufferAccess::Write);
    }

    // Make sure host-visible buffer writes result in a barrier inserted at the end of the frame to
    // make the results visible to the host.  The buffer may be mapped by the application in the
    // future.
    if (buffer->isHostVisible())
    {
        contextVk->onHostVisibleBufferWrite();
    }
}

bool CommandBufferHelperCommon::usesBuffer(const BufferHelper &buffer) const
{
    return mUsedBuffers.contains(buffer.getBufferSerial());
}

bool CommandBufferHelperCommon::usesBufferForWrite(const BufferHelper &buffer) const
{
    BufferAccess access;
    if (!mUsedBuffers.get(buffer.getBufferSerial(), &access))
    {
        return false;
    }
    return access == BufferAccess::Write;
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::executeBarriers(const angle::FeaturesVk &features,
                                                PrimaryCommandBuffer *primary)
{
    // make a local copy for faster access
    PipelineStagesMask mask = mPipelineBarrierMask;
    if (mask.none())
    {
        return;
    }

    if (features.preferAggregateBarrierCalls.enabled)
    {
        PipelineStagesMask::Iterator iter = mask.begin();
        PipelineBarrier &barrier          = mPipelineBarriers[*iter];
        for (++iter; iter != mask.end(); ++iter)
        {
            barrier.merge(&mPipelineBarriers[*iter]);
        }
        barrier.execute(primary);
    }
    else
    {
        for (PipelineStage pipelineStage : mask)
        {
            PipelineBarrier &barrier = mPipelineBarriers[pipelineStage];
            barrier.execute(primary);
        }
    }
    mPipelineBarrierMask.reset();
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::imageReadImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                              ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                              ImageHelper *image)
{
    if (image->isReadBarrierNecessary(imageLayout))
    {
        updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(contextVk, image, aspectFlags, imageLayout);
    }
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::imageWriteImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                               gl::LevelIndex level,
                                               uint32_t layerStart,
                                               uint32_t layerCount,
                                               VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                               ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                               AliasingMode aliasingMode,
                                               ImageHelper *image)
{
    image->retain(&mResourceUseList);
    image->onWrite(level, 1, layerStart, layerCount, aspectFlags);
    // Write always requires a barrier
    updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(contextVk, image, aspectFlags, imageLayout);
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(Context *context,
                                                            ImageHelper *image,
                                                            VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                                            ImageLayout imageLayout)
{
    PipelineStage barrierIndex = kImageMemoryBarrierData[imageLayout].barrierIndex;
    ASSERT(barrierIndex != PipelineStage::InvalidEnum);
    PipelineBarrier *barrier = &mPipelineBarriers[barrierIndex];
    if (image->updateLayoutAndBarrier(context, aspectFlags, imageLayout, barrier))
    {
        mPipelineBarrierMask.set(barrierIndex);
    }
}

void CommandBufferHelperCommon::addCommandDiagnosticsCommon(std::ostringstream *out)
{
    *out << "Memory Barrier: ";
    for (PipelineBarrier &barrier : mPipelineBarriers)
    {
        if (!barrier.isEmpty())
        {
            barrier.addDiagnosticsString(*out);
        }
    }
    *out << "\\l";
}

// OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper implementation.
OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper() {}

OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::~OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper() {}

angle::Result OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::initialize(Context *context,
                                                               CommandPool *commandPool)
{
    initializeImpl(context, commandPool);
    return initializeCommandBuffer(context);
}

angle::Result OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::initializeCommandBuffer(Context *context)
{
    return mCommandBuffer.initialize(context, mCommandPool, false, &mAllocator);
}

angle::Result OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::reset(Context *context)
{
    resetImpl();

    // Reset and re-initialize the command buffer
    context->getRenderer()->resetOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(std::move(mCommandBuffer));
    return initializeCommandBuffer(context);
}

void OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::imageRead(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                     VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                                     ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                                     ImageHelper *image)
{
    imageReadImpl(contextVk, aspectFlags, imageLayout, image);
    image->retain(&mResourceUseList);
}

void OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::imageWrite(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                      gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                      uint32_t layerStart,
                                                      uint32_t layerCount,
                                                      VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                                      ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                                      AliasingMode aliasingMode,
                                                      ImageHelper *image)
{
    imageWriteImpl(contextVk, level, layerStart, layerCount, aspectFlags, imageLayout, aliasingMode,
                   image);
}

angle::Result OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::flushToPrimary(Context *context,
                                                                   PrimaryCommandBuffer *primary)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::flushToPrimary");
    ASSERT(!empty());

    // Commands that are added to primary before beginRenderPass command
    executeBarriers(context->getRenderer()->getFeatures(), primary);

    ANGLE_TRY(mCommandBuffer.end(context));
    mCommandBuffer.executeCommands(primary);

    // Restart the command buffer.
    return reset(context);
}

void OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper::addCommandDiagnostics(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    std::ostringstream out;
    addCommandDiagnosticsCommon(&out);

    out << mCommandBuffer.dumpCommands("\\l");
    contextVk->addCommandBufferDiagnostics(out.str());
}

// RenderPassCommandBufferHelper implementation.
RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::RenderPassCommandBufferHelper()
    : mCurrentSubpass(0),
      mCounter(0),
      mClearValues{},
      mRenderPassStarted(false),
      mTransformFeedbackCounterBuffers{},
      mTransformFeedbackCounterBufferOffsets{},
      mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount(0),
      mRebindTransformFeedbackBuffers(false),
      mIsTransformFeedbackActiveUnpaused(false),
      mPreviousSubpassesCmdCount(0),
      mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex(kAttachmentIndexInvalid),
      mColorAttachmentsCount(0),
      mImageOptimizeForPresent(nullptr)
{}

RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::~RenderPassCommandBufferHelper()
{
    mFramebuffer.setHandle(VK_NULL_HANDLE);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::initialize(Context *context, CommandPool *commandPool)
{
    initializeImpl(context, commandPool);
    return initializeCommandBuffer(context);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::initializeCommandBuffer(Context *context)
{
    return getCommandBuffer().initialize(context, mCommandPool, true, &mAllocator);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::reset(Context *context)
{
    resetImpl();

    for (PackedAttachmentIndex index = kAttachmentIndexZero; index < mColorAttachmentsCount;
         ++index)
    {
        mColorAttachments[index].reset();
        mColorResolveAttachments[index].reset();
    }

    mDepthAttachment.reset();
    mDepthResolveAttachment.reset();
    mStencilAttachment.reset();
    mStencilResolveAttachment.reset();

    mRenderPassStarted                 = false;
    mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount = 0;
    mRebindTransformFeedbackBuffers    = false;
    mHasShaderStorageOutput            = false;
    mHasGLMemoryBarrierIssued          = false;
    mPreviousSubpassesCmdCount         = 0;
    mColorAttachmentsCount             = PackedAttachmentCount(0);
    mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex       = kAttachmentIndexInvalid;
    mRenderPassUsedImages.clear();
    mImageOptimizeForPresent = nullptr;

    // Reset and re-initialize the command buffers
    for (uint32_t subpass = 0; subpass <= mCurrentSubpass; ++subpass)
    {
        context->getRenderer()->resetRenderPassCommandBuffer(std::move(mCommandBuffers[subpass]));
    }

    mCurrentSubpass = 0;
    return initializeCommandBuffer(context);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::imageRead(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                              ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                              ImageHelper *image)
{
    imageReadImpl(contextVk, aspectFlags, imageLayout, image);

    // As noted in the header we don't support multiple read layouts for Images.
    // We allow duplicate uses in the RP to accommodate for normal GL sampler usage.
    if (!usesImage(*image))
    {
        mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(image->getImageSerial());
        image->retain(&mResourceUseList);
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::imageWrite(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                               gl::LevelIndex level,
                                               uint32_t layerStart,
                                               uint32_t layerCount,
                                               VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                               ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                               AliasingMode aliasingMode,
                                               ImageHelper *image)
{
    imageWriteImpl(contextVk, level, layerStart, layerCount, aspectFlags, imageLayout, aliasingMode,
                   image);

    // When used as a storage image we allow for aliased writes.
    if (aliasingMode == AliasingMode::Disallowed)
    {
        ASSERT(!usesImage(*image));
    }
    if (!usesImage(*image))
    {
        mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(image->getImageSerial());
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::colorImagesDraw(ResourceUseList *resourceUseList,
                                                    gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                    uint32_t layerStart,
                                                    uint32_t layerCount,
                                                    ImageHelper *image,
                                                    ImageHelper *resolveImage,
                                                    PackedAttachmentIndex packedAttachmentIndex)
{
    ASSERT(packedAttachmentIndex < mColorAttachmentsCount);

    image->retain(resourceUseList);
    if (!usesImage(*image))
    {
        // This is possible due to different layers of the same texture being attached to different
        // attachments
        mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(image->getImageSerial());
    }
    mColorAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].init(image, level, layerStart, layerCount,
                                                  VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT);

    if (resolveImage)
    {
        resolveImage->retain(resourceUseList);
        if (!usesImage(*resolveImage))
        {
            mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(resolveImage->getImageSerial());
        }
        mColorResolveAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].init(resolveImage, level, layerStart,
                                                             layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT);
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::depthStencilImagesDraw(ResourceUseList *resourceUseList,
                                                           gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                           uint32_t layerStart,
                                                           uint32_t layerCount,
                                                           ImageHelper *image,
                                                           ImageHelper *resolveImage)
{
    ASSERT(!usesImage(*image));
    ASSERT(!resolveImage || !usesImage(*resolveImage));

    // Because depthStencil buffer's read/write property can change while we build renderpass, we
    // defer the image layout changes until endRenderPass time or when images going away so that we
    // only insert layout change barrier once.
    image->retain(resourceUseList);
    mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(image->getImageSerial());

    mDepthAttachment.init(image, level, layerStart, layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT);
    mStencilAttachment.init(image, level, layerStart, layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT);

    if (resolveImage)
    {
        // Note that the resolve depth/stencil image has the same level/layer index as the
        // depth/stencil image as currently it can only ever come from
        // multisampled-render-to-texture renderbuffers.
        resolveImage->retain(resourceUseList);
        mRenderPassUsedImages.insert(resolveImage->getImageSerial());

        mDepthResolveAttachment.init(resolveImage, level, layerStart, layerCount,
                                     VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT);
        mStencilResolveAttachment.init(resolveImage, level, layerStart, layerCount,
                                       VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT);
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::onColorAccess(PackedAttachmentIndex packedAttachmentIndex,
                                                  ResourceAccess access)
{
    ASSERT(packedAttachmentIndex < mColorAttachmentsCount);
    mColorAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].onAccess(access, getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::onDepthAccess(ResourceAccess access)
{
    mDepthAttachment.onAccess(access, getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::onStencilAccess(ResourceAccess access)
{
    mStencilAttachment.onAccess(access, getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::updateStartedRenderPassWithDepthMode(
    bool readOnlyDepthStencilMode)
{
    ASSERT(mRenderPassStarted);
    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() == mStencilAttachment.getImage());
    ASSERT(mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() == mStencilResolveAttachment.getImage());

    ImageHelper *depthStencilImage        = mDepthAttachment.getImage();
    ImageHelper *depthStencilResolveImage = mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage();

    if (depthStencilImage)
    {
        if (readOnlyDepthStencilMode)
        {
            depthStencilImage->setRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment);
        }
        else
        {
            depthStencilImage->clearRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment);
        }

        if (depthStencilResolveImage)
        {
            if (readOnlyDepthStencilMode)
            {
                depthStencilResolveImage->setRenderPassUsageFlag(
                    RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment);
            }
            else
            {
                depthStencilResolveImage->clearRenderPassUsageFlag(
                    RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment);
            }
        }
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeColorImageLayout(
    Context *context,
    ImageHelper *image,
    PackedAttachmentIndex packedAttachmentIndex,
    bool isResolveImage)
{
    ASSERT(packedAttachmentIndex < mColorAttachmentsCount);
    ASSERT(image != nullptr);

    // Do layout change.
    ImageLayout imageLayout;
    if (image->usedByCurrentRenderPassAsAttachmentAndSampler())
    {
        // texture code already picked layout and inserted barrier
        imageLayout = image->getCurrentImageLayout();
        ASSERT(imageLayout == ImageLayout::ColorAttachmentAndFragmentShaderRead ||
               imageLayout == ImageLayout::ColorAttachmentAndAllShadersRead);
    }
    else
    {
        imageLayout = ImageLayout::ColorAttachment;
        updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(context, image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, imageLayout);
    }

    if (!isResolveImage)
    {
        mAttachmentOps.setLayouts(packedAttachmentIndex, imageLayout, imageLayout);
    }

    if (mImageOptimizeForPresent == image)
    {
        ASSERT(packedAttachmentIndex == kAttachmentIndexZero);
        // Use finalLayout instead of extra barrier for layout change to present
        mImageOptimizeForPresent->setCurrentImageLayout(ImageLayout::Present);
        // TODO(syoussefi):  We currently don't store the layout of the resolve attachments, so once
        // multisampled backbuffers are optimized to use resolve attachments, this information needs
        // to be stored somewhere.  http://anglebug.com/7150
        SetBitField(mAttachmentOps[packedAttachmentIndex].finalLayout,
                    mImageOptimizeForPresent->getCurrentImageLayout());
        mImageOptimizeForPresent = nullptr;
    }

    if (isResolveImage)
    {
        // Note: the color image will have its flags reset after load/store ops are determined.
        image->resetRenderPassUsageFlags();
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeColorImageLoadStore(
    Context *context,
    PackedAttachmentIndex packedAttachmentIndex)
{
    PackedAttachmentOpsDesc &ops = mAttachmentOps[packedAttachmentIndex];
    RenderPassLoadOp loadOp      = static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(ops.loadOp);
    RenderPassStoreOp storeOp    = static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(ops.storeOp);

    // This has to be called after layout been finalized
    ASSERT(ops.initialLayout != static_cast<uint16_t>(ImageLayout::Undefined));

    uint32_t currentCmdCount = getRenderPassWriteCommandCount();
    bool isInvalidated       = false;

    RenderPassAttachment &colorAttachment = mColorAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex];
    colorAttachment.finalizeLoadStore(context, currentCmdCount,
                                      mRenderPassDesc.getColorUnresolveAttachmentMask().any(),
                                      &loadOp, &storeOp, &isInvalidated);

    if (isInvalidated)
    {
        ops.isInvalidated = true;
    }

    if (!ops.isInvalidated)
    {
        mColorResolveAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].restoreContent();
    }

    // If the image is being written to, mark its contents defined.
    // This has to be done after storeOp has been finalized.
    if (storeOp == RenderPassStoreOp::Store)
    {
        colorAttachment.restoreContent();
    }

    SetBitField(ops.loadOp, loadOp);
    SetBitField(ops.storeOp, storeOp);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeDepthStencilImageLayout(Context *context)
{
    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() != nullptr);
    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() == mStencilAttachment.getImage());

    ImageHelper *depthStencilImage = mDepthAttachment.getImage();

    // Do depth stencil layout change.
    ImageLayout imageLayout;
    bool barrierRequired;

    if (depthStencilImage->usedByCurrentRenderPassAsAttachmentAndSampler())
    {
        // texture code already picked layout and inserted barrier
        imageLayout = depthStencilImage->getCurrentImageLayout();
        if (depthStencilImage->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment))
        {
            ASSERT(imageLayout == ImageLayout::DSAttachmentReadAndFragmentShaderRead ||
                   imageLayout == ImageLayout::DSAttachmentReadAndAllShadersRead);
            barrierRequired = depthStencilImage->isReadBarrierNecessary(imageLayout);
        }
        else
        {
            ASSERT(imageLayout == ImageLayout::DSAttachmentWriteAndFragmentShaderRead ||
                   imageLayout == ImageLayout::DSAttachmentWriteAndAllShadersRead);
            barrierRequired = true;
        }
    }
    else if (depthStencilImage->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment))
    {
        imageLayout     = ImageLayout::DepthStencilAttachmentReadOnly;
        barrierRequired = depthStencilImage->isReadBarrierNecessary(imageLayout);
    }
    else
    {
        // Write always requires a barrier
        imageLayout     = ImageLayout::DepthStencilAttachment;
        barrierRequired = true;
    }

    mAttachmentOps.setLayouts(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex, imageLayout, imageLayout);

    if (barrierRequired)
    {
        const angle::Format &format = depthStencilImage->getActualFormat();
        ASSERT(format.hasDepthOrStencilBits());
        VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetDepthStencilAspectFlags(format);
        updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(context, depthStencilImage, aspectFlags, imageLayout);
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeDepthStencilResolveImageLayout(Context *context)
{
    ASSERT(mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() != nullptr);
    ASSERT(mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() == mStencilResolveAttachment.getImage());

    ImageHelper *depthStencilResolveImage = mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage();
    ASSERT(!depthStencilResolveImage->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment));

    ImageLayout imageLayout     = ImageLayout::DepthStencilResolveAttachment;
    const angle::Format &format = depthStencilResolveImage->getActualFormat();
    ASSERT(format.hasDepthOrStencilBits());
    VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetDepthStencilAspectFlags(format);

    updateImageLayoutAndBarrier(context, depthStencilResolveImage, aspectFlags, imageLayout);

    if (!depthStencilResolveImage->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment))
    {
        ASSERT(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex != kAttachmentIndexInvalid);
        const PackedAttachmentOpsDesc &dsOps = mAttachmentOps[mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex];

        // If the image is being written to, mark its contents defined.
        if (!dsOps.isInvalidated)
        {
            mDepthResolveAttachment.restoreContent();
        }
        if (!dsOps.isStencilInvalidated)
        {
            mStencilResolveAttachment.restoreContent();
        }
    }

    depthStencilResolveImage->resetRenderPassUsageFlags();
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeImageLayout(Context *context, const ImageHelper *image)
{
    if (image->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::RenderTargetAttachment))
    {
        for (PackedAttachmentIndex index = kAttachmentIndexZero; index < mColorAttachmentsCount;
             ++index)
        {
            if (mColorAttachments[index].getImage() == image)
            {
                finalizeColorImageLayoutAndLoadStore(context, index);
                mColorAttachments[index].reset();
            }
            else if (mColorResolveAttachments[index].getImage() == image)
            {
                finalizeColorImageLayout(context, mColorResolveAttachments[index].getImage(), index,
                                         true);
                mColorResolveAttachments[index].reset();
            }
        }
    }

    if (mDepthAttachment.getImage() == image)
    {
        finalizeDepthStencilImageLayoutAndLoadStore(context);
        mDepthAttachment.reset();
        mStencilAttachment.reset();
    }

    if (mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() == image)
    {
        finalizeDepthStencilResolveImageLayout(context);
        mDepthResolveAttachment.reset();
        mStencilResolveAttachment.reset();
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeDepthStencilLoadStore(Context *context)
{
    ASSERT(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex != kAttachmentIndexInvalid);

    PackedAttachmentOpsDesc &dsOps   = mAttachmentOps[mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex];
    RenderPassLoadOp depthLoadOp     = static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(dsOps.loadOp);
    RenderPassStoreOp depthStoreOp   = static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(dsOps.storeOp);
    RenderPassLoadOp stencilLoadOp   = static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(dsOps.stencilLoadOp);
    RenderPassStoreOp stencilStoreOp = static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(dsOps.stencilStoreOp);

    // This has to be called after layout been finalized
    ASSERT(dsOps.initialLayout != static_cast<uint16_t>(ImageLayout::Undefined));

    uint32_t currentCmdCount  = getRenderPassWriteCommandCount();
    bool isDepthInvalidated   = false;
    bool isStencilInvalidated = false;

    mDepthAttachment.finalizeLoadStore(context, currentCmdCount,
                                       mRenderPassDesc.hasDepthUnresolveAttachment(), &depthLoadOp,
                                       &depthStoreOp, &isDepthInvalidated);
    mStencilAttachment.finalizeLoadStore(context, currentCmdCount,
                                         mRenderPassDesc.hasStencilUnresolveAttachment(),
                                         &stencilLoadOp, &stencilStoreOp, &isStencilInvalidated);

    if (isDepthInvalidated)
    {
        dsOps.isInvalidated = true;
    }
    if (isStencilInvalidated)
    {
        dsOps.isStencilInvalidated = true;
    }

    // This has to be done after storeOp has been finalized.
    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() == mStencilAttachment.getImage());
    if (!mDepthAttachment.getImage()->hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage::ReadOnlyAttachment))
    {
        // If the image is being written to, mark its contents defined.
        if (depthStoreOp == RenderPassStoreOp::Store)
        {
            mDepthAttachment.restoreContent();
        }
        if (stencilStoreOp == RenderPassStoreOp::Store)
        {
            mStencilAttachment.restoreContent();
        }
    }

    SetBitField(dsOps.loadOp, depthLoadOp);
    SetBitField(dsOps.storeOp, depthStoreOp);
    SetBitField(dsOps.stencilLoadOp, stencilLoadOp);
    SetBitField(dsOps.stencilStoreOp, stencilStoreOp);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeColorImageLayoutAndLoadStore(
    Context *context,
    PackedAttachmentIndex packedAttachmentIndex)
{
    finalizeColorImageLayout(context, mColorAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].getImage(),
                             packedAttachmentIndex, false);
    finalizeColorImageLoadStore(context, packedAttachmentIndex);

    mColorAttachments[packedAttachmentIndex].getImage()->resetRenderPassUsageFlags();
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::finalizeDepthStencilImageLayoutAndLoadStore(Context *context)
{
    finalizeDepthStencilImageLayout(context);
    finalizeDepthStencilLoadStore(context);

    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() == mStencilAttachment.getImage());
    mDepthAttachment.getImage()->resetRenderPassUsageFlags();
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::beginRenderPass(
    ContextVk *contextVk,
    const Framebuffer &framebuffer,
    const gl::Rectangle &renderArea,
    const RenderPassDesc &renderPassDesc,
    const AttachmentOpsArray &renderPassAttachmentOps,
    const PackedAttachmentCount colorAttachmentCount,
    const PackedAttachmentIndex depthStencilAttachmentIndex,
    const PackedClearValuesArray &clearValues,
    RenderPassCommandBuffer **commandBufferOut)
{
    ASSERT(!mRenderPassStarted);

    mRenderPassDesc              = renderPassDesc;
    mAttachmentOps               = renderPassAttachmentOps;
    mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex = depthStencilAttachmentIndex;
    mColorAttachmentsCount       = colorAttachmentCount;
    mFramebuffer.setHandle(framebuffer.getHandle());
    mRenderArea       = renderArea;
    mClearValues      = clearValues;
    *commandBufferOut = &getCommandBuffer();

    mRenderPassStarted = true;
    mCounter++;

    return beginRenderPassCommandBuffer(contextVk);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::beginRenderPassCommandBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo inheritanceInfo = {};
    ANGLE_TRY(RenderPassCommandBuffer::InitializeRenderPassInheritanceInfo(
        contextVk, mFramebuffer, mRenderPassDesc, &inheritanceInfo));
    inheritanceInfo.subpass = mCurrentSubpass;

    return getCommandBuffer().begin(contextVk, inheritanceInfo);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::endRenderPass(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    ANGLE_TRY(endRenderPassCommandBuffer(contextVk));

    for (PackedAttachmentIndex index = kAttachmentIndexZero; index < mColorAttachmentsCount;
         ++index)
    {
        if (mColorAttachments[index].getImage() != nullptr)
        {
            finalizeColorImageLayoutAndLoadStore(contextVk, index);
        }
        if (mColorResolveAttachments[index].getImage() != nullptr)
        {
            finalizeColorImageLayout(contextVk, mColorResolveAttachments[index].getImage(), index,
                                     true);
        }
    }

    if (mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex == kAttachmentIndexInvalid)
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // Do depth stencil layout change and load store optimization.
    ASSERT(mDepthAttachment.getImage() == mStencilAttachment.getImage());
    ASSERT(mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() == mStencilResolveAttachment.getImage());
    if (mDepthAttachment.getImage() != nullptr)
    {
        finalizeDepthStencilImageLayoutAndLoadStore(contextVk);
    }
    if (mDepthResolveAttachment.getImage() != nullptr)
    {
        finalizeDepthStencilResolveImageLayout(contextVk);
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::endRenderPassCommandBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    return getCommandBuffer().end(contextVk);
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::nextSubpass(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                         RenderPassCommandBuffer **commandBufferOut)
{
    if (RenderPassCommandBuffer::ExecutesInline())
    {
        // When using ANGLE secondary command buffers, the commands are inline and are executed on
        // the primary command buffer.  This means that vkCmdNextSubpass can be intermixed with the
        // rest of the commands, and there is no need to split command buffers.
        //
        // Note also that the command buffer handle doesn't change in this case.
        getCommandBuffer().nextSubpass(VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // When using Vulkan secondary command buffers, each subpass's contents must be recorded in a
    // separate command buffer that is vkCmdExecuteCommands'ed in the primary command buffer.
    // vkCmdNextSubpass calls must also be issued in the primary command buffer.
    //
    // To support this, a list of command buffers are kept, one for each subpass.  When moving to
    // the next subpass, the previous command buffer is ended and a new one is initialized and
    // begun.

    // Accumulate command count for tracking purposes.
    mPreviousSubpassesCmdCount = getRenderPassWriteCommandCount();

    ANGLE_TRY(endRenderPassCommandBuffer(contextVk));
    markClosed();

    ++mCurrentSubpass;
    ASSERT(mCurrentSubpass < kMaxSubpassCount);

    ANGLE_TRY(initializeCommandBuffer(contextVk));
    ANGLE_TRY(beginRenderPassCommandBuffer(contextVk));
    markOpen();

    // Return the new command buffer handle
    *commandBufferOut = &getCommandBuffer();
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::beginTransformFeedback(size_t validBufferCount,
                                                           const VkBuffer *counterBuffers,
                                                           const VkDeviceSize *counterBufferOffsets,
                                                           bool rebindBuffers)
{
    mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validBufferCount);
    mRebindTransformFeedbackBuffers    = rebindBuffers;

    for (size_t index = 0; index < validBufferCount; index++)
    {
        mTransformFeedbackCounterBuffers[index]       = counterBuffers[index];
        mTransformFeedbackCounterBufferOffsets[index] = counterBufferOffsets[index];
    }
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::endTransformFeedback()
{
    pauseTransformFeedback();
    mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount = 0;
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::invalidateRenderPassColorAttachment(
    const gl::State &state,
    size_t colorIndexGL,
    PackedAttachmentIndex attachmentIndex,
    const gl::Rectangle &invalidateArea)
{
    // Color write is enabled if:
    //
    // - Draw buffer is enabled (this is implicit, as invalidate only affects enabled draw buffers)
    // - Color output is not entirely masked
    // - Rasterizer-discard is not enabled
    const gl::BlendStateExt &blendStateExt = state.getBlendStateExt();
    const bool isColorWriteEnabled =
        blendStateExt.getColorMaskIndexed(colorIndexGL) != 0 && state.isRasterizerDiscardEnabled();
    mColorAttachments[attachmentIndex].invalidate(invalidateArea, isColorWriteEnabled,
                                                  getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::invalidateRenderPassDepthAttachment(
    const gl::DepthStencilState &dsState,
    const gl::Rectangle &invalidateArea)
{
    const bool isDepthWriteEnabled = dsState.depthTest && dsState.depthMask;
    mDepthAttachment.invalidate(invalidateArea, isDepthWriteEnabled,
                                getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::invalidateRenderPassStencilAttachment(
    const gl::DepthStencilState &dsState,
    const gl::Rectangle &invalidateArea)
{
    const bool isStencilWriteEnabled =
        dsState.stencilTest && (!dsState.isStencilNoOp() || !dsState.isStencilBackNoOp());
    mStencilAttachment.invalidate(invalidateArea, isStencilWriteEnabled,
                                  getRenderPassWriteCommandCount());
}

angle::Result RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::flushToPrimary(Context *context,
                                                            PrimaryCommandBuffer *primary,
                                                            const RenderPass *renderPass)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::flushToPrimary");
    ASSERT(mRenderPassStarted);

    // Commands that are added to primary before beginRenderPass command
    executeBarriers(context->getRenderer()->getFeatures(), primary);

    ASSERT(renderPass != nullptr);

    VkRenderPassBeginInfo beginInfo    = {};
    beginInfo.sType                    = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
    beginInfo.renderPass               = renderPass->getHandle();
    beginInfo.framebuffer              = mFramebuffer.getHandle();
    beginInfo.renderArea.offset.x      = static_cast<uint32_t>(mRenderArea.x);
    beginInfo.renderArea.offset.y      = static_cast<uint32_t>(mRenderArea.y);
    beginInfo.renderArea.extent.width  = static_cast<uint32_t>(mRenderArea.width);
    beginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(mRenderArea.height);
    beginInfo.clearValueCount          = static_cast<uint32_t>(mRenderPassDesc.attachmentCount());
    beginInfo.pClearValues             = mClearValues.data();

    // Run commands inside the RenderPass.
    constexpr VkSubpassContents kSubpassContents =
        RenderPassCommandBuffer::ExecutesInline() ? VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE
                                                  : VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS;

    primary->beginRenderPass(beginInfo, kSubpassContents);
    for (uint32_t subpass = 0; subpass <= mCurrentSubpass; ++subpass)
    {
        if (subpass > 0)
        {
            primary->nextSubpass(kSubpassContents);
        }
        mCommandBuffers[subpass].executeCommands(primary);
    }
    primary->endRenderPass();

    // Restart the command buffer.
    return reset(context);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::updateRenderPassForResolve(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                               Framebuffer *newFramebuffer,
                                                               const RenderPassDesc &renderPassDesc)
{
    ASSERT(newFramebuffer);
    mFramebuffer.setHandle(newFramebuffer->getHandle());
    mRenderPassDesc = renderPassDesc;
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::resumeTransformFeedback()
{
    ASSERT(isTransformFeedbackStarted());

    uint32_t numCounterBuffers =
        mRebindTransformFeedbackBuffers ? 0 : mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount;

    mRebindTransformFeedbackBuffers    = false;
    mIsTransformFeedbackActiveUnpaused = true;

    getCommandBuffer().beginTransformFeedback(0, numCounterBuffers,
                                              mTransformFeedbackCounterBuffers.data(),
                                              mTransformFeedbackCounterBufferOffsets.data());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::pauseTransformFeedback()
{
    ASSERT(isTransformFeedbackStarted() && isTransformFeedbackActiveUnpaused());
    mIsTransformFeedbackActiveUnpaused = false;
    getCommandBuffer().endTransformFeedback(0, mValidTransformFeedbackBufferCount,
                                            mTransformFeedbackCounterBuffers.data(),
                                            mTransformFeedbackCounterBufferOffsets.data());
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::updateRenderPassColorClear(PackedAttachmentIndex colorIndexVk,
                                                               const VkClearValue &clearValue)
{
    mAttachmentOps.setClearOp(colorIndexVk);
    mClearValues.store(colorIndexVk, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, clearValue);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::updateRenderPassDepthStencilClear(
    VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
    const VkClearValue &clearValue)
{
    // Don't overwrite prior clear values for individual aspects.
    VkClearValue combinedClearValue = mClearValues[mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex];

    if ((aspectFlags & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) != 0)
    {
        mAttachmentOps.setClearOp(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex);
        combinedClearValue.depthStencil.depth = clearValue.depthStencil.depth;
    }

    if ((aspectFlags & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0)
    {
        mAttachmentOps.setClearStencilOp(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex);
        combinedClearValue.depthStencil.stencil = clearValue.depthStencil.stencil;
    }

    // Bypass special D/S handling. This clear values array stores values packed.
    mClearValues.storeNoDepthStencil(mDepthStencilAttachmentIndex, combinedClearValue);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::growRenderArea(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                   const gl::Rectangle &newRenderArea)
{
    // The render area is grown such that it covers both the previous and the new render areas.
    gl::GetEnclosingRectangle(mRenderArea, newRenderArea, &mRenderArea);

    // Remove invalidates that are no longer applicable.
    mDepthAttachment.onRenderAreaGrowth(contextVk, mRenderArea);
    mStencilAttachment.onRenderAreaGrowth(contextVk, mRenderArea);
}

void RenderPassCommandBufferHelper::addCommandDiagnostics(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    std::ostringstream out;
    addCommandDiagnosticsCommon(&out);

    size_t attachmentCount             = mRenderPassDesc.attachmentCount();
    size_t depthStencilAttachmentCount = mRenderPassDesc.hasDepthStencilAttachment() ? 1 : 0;
    size_t colorAttachmentCount        = attachmentCount - depthStencilAttachmentCount;

    PackedAttachmentIndex attachmentIndexVk(0);
    std::string loadOps, storeOps;

    if (colorAttachmentCount > 0)
    {
        loadOps += " Color: ";
        storeOps += " Color: ";

        for (size_t i = 0; i < colorAttachmentCount; ++i)
        {
            loadOps += GetLoadOpShorthand(
                static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].loadOp));
            storeOps += GetStoreOpShorthand(
                static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].storeOp));
            ++attachmentIndexVk;
        }
    }

    if (depthStencilAttachmentCount > 0)
    {
        ASSERT(depthStencilAttachmentCount == 1);

        loadOps += " Depth/Stencil: ";
        storeOps += " Depth/Stencil: ";

        loadOps += GetLoadOpShorthand(
            static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].loadOp));
        loadOps += GetLoadOpShorthand(
            static_cast<RenderPassLoadOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].stencilLoadOp));

        storeOps += GetStoreOpShorthand(
            static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].storeOp));
        storeOps += GetStoreOpShorthand(
            static_cast<RenderPassStoreOp>(mAttachmentOps[attachmentIndexVk].stencilStoreOp));
    }

    if (attachmentCount > 0)
    {
        out << "LoadOp:  " << loadOps << "\\l";
        out << "StoreOp: " << storeOps << "\\l";
    }

    for (uint32_t subpass = 0; subpass <= mCurrentSubpass; ++subpass)
    {
        if (subpass > 0)
        {
            out << "Next Subpass"
                << "\\l";
        }
        out << mCommandBuffers[subpass].dumpCommands("\\l");
    }
    contextVk->addCommandBufferDiagnostics(out.str());
}

// CommandBufferRecycler implementation.
template <typename CommandBufferT, typename CommandBufferHelperT>
void CommandBufferRecycler<CommandBufferT, CommandBufferHelperT>::onDestroy()
{
    for (CommandBufferHelperT *commandBufferHelper : mCommandBufferHelperFreeList)
    {
        SafeDelete(commandBufferHelper);
    }
    mCommandBufferHelperFreeList.clear();

    ASSERT(mSecondaryCommandBuffersToReset.empty());
}

template void CommandBufferRecycler<OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer,
                                    OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::onDestroy();
template void
CommandBufferRecycler<RenderPassCommandBuffer, RenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::onDestroy();

template <typename CommandBufferT, typename CommandBufferHelperT>
angle::Result CommandBufferRecycler<CommandBufferT, CommandBufferHelperT>::getCommandBufferHelper(
    Context *context,
    CommandPool *commandPool,
    CommandBufferHelperT **commandBufferHelperOut)
{
    if (mCommandBufferHelperFreeList.empty())
    {
        CommandBufferHelperT *commandBuffer = new CommandBufferHelperT();
        *commandBufferHelperOut             = commandBuffer;

        return commandBuffer->initialize(context, commandPool);
    }
    else
    {
        CommandBufferHelperT *commandBuffer = mCommandBufferHelperFreeList.back();
        mCommandBufferHelperFreeList.pop_back();
        *commandBufferHelperOut = commandBuffer;
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }
}

template angle::Result
CommandBufferRecycler<OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer, OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::
    getCommandBufferHelper(Context *context,
                           CommandPool *commandPool,
                           OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper **commandBufferHelperOut);
template angle::Result
CommandBufferRecycler<RenderPassCommandBuffer, RenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::
    getCommandBufferHelper(Context *context,
                           CommandPool *commandPool,
                           RenderPassCommandBufferHelper **commandBufferHelperOut);

template <typename CommandBufferT, typename CommandBufferHelperT>
void CommandBufferRecycler<CommandBufferT, CommandBufferHelperT>::recycleCommandBufferHelper(
    VkDevice device,
    CommandBufferHelperT **commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT((*commandBuffer)->empty());
    (*commandBuffer)->markOpen();
    RecycleCommandBufferHelper(device, &mCommandBufferHelperFreeList, commandBuffer,
                               &(*commandBuffer)->getCommandBuffer());
}

template void
CommandBufferRecycler<OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer, OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::
    recycleCommandBufferHelper(VkDevice device,
                               OutsideRenderPassCommandBufferHelper **commandBuffer);
template void CommandBufferRecycler<RenderPassCommandBuffer, RenderPassCommandBufferHelper>::
    recycleCommandBufferHelper(VkDevice device, RenderPassCommandBufferHelper **commandBuffer);

template <typename CommandBufferT, typename CommandBufferHelperT>
void CommandBufferRecycler<CommandBufferT, CommandBufferHelperT>::resetCommandBuffer(
    CommandBufferT &&commandBuffer)
{
    ResetSecondaryCommandBuffer(&mSecondaryCommandBuffersToReset, std::move(commandBuffer));
}

// DynamicBuffer implementation.
DynamicBuffer::DynamicBuffer()
    : mUsage(0),
      mHostVisible(false),
      mInitialSize(0),
      mNextAllocationOffset(0),
      mSize(0),
      mAlignment(0),
      mMemoryPropertyFlags(0)
{}

DynamicBuffer::DynamicBuffer(DynamicBuffer &&other)
    : mUsage(other.mUsage),
      mHostVisible(other.mHostVisible),
      mInitialSize(other.mInitialSize),
      mBuffer(std::move(other.mBuffer)),
      mNextAllocationOffset(other.mNextAllocationOffset),
      mSize(other.mSize),
      mAlignment(other.mAlignment),
      mMemoryPropertyFlags(other.mMemoryPropertyFlags),
      mInFlightBuffers(std::move(other.mInFlightBuffers)),
      mBufferFreeList(std::move(other.mBufferFreeList))
{}

void DynamicBuffer::init(RendererVk *renderer,
                         VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                         size_t alignment,
                         size_t initialSize,
                         bool hostVisible)
{
    mUsage       = usage;
    mHostVisible = hostVisible;
    mMemoryPropertyFlags =
        (hostVisible) ? VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT : VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;

    // Check that we haven't overridden the initial size of the buffer in setMinimumSizeForTesting.
    if (mInitialSize == 0)
    {
        mInitialSize = initialSize;
        mSize        = 0;
    }

    // Workaround for the mock ICD not supporting allocations greater than 0x1000.
    // Could be removed if https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Tools/issues/84 is fixed.
    if (renderer->isMockICDEnabled())
    {
        mSize = std::min<size_t>(mSize, 0x1000);
    }

    requireAlignment(renderer, alignment);
}

DynamicBuffer::~DynamicBuffer()
{
    ASSERT(mBuffer == nullptr);
    ASSERT(mInFlightBuffers.empty());
    ASSERT(mBufferFreeList.empty());
}

angle::Result DynamicBuffer::allocateNewBuffer(Context *context)
{
    context->getPerfCounters().dynamicBufferAllocations++;

    // Allocate the buffer
    ASSERT(!mBuffer);
    mBuffer = std::make_unique<BufferHelper>();

    VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo    = {};
    createInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.flags                 = 0;
    createInfo.size                  = mSize;
    createInfo.usage                 = mUsage;
    createInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;

    return mBuffer->init(context, createInfo, mMemoryPropertyFlags);
}

bool DynamicBuffer::allocateFromCurrentBuffer(size_t sizeInBytes, BufferHelper **bufferHelperOut)
{
    mNextAllocationOffset =
        roundUp<uint32_t>(mNextAllocationOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(mAlignment));

    ASSERT(bufferHelperOut);
    size_t sizeToAllocate                                      = roundUp(sizeInBytes, mAlignment);
    angle::base::CheckedNumeric<size_t> checkedNextWriteOffset = mNextAllocationOffset;
    checkedNextWriteOffset += sizeToAllocate;

    if (!checkedNextWriteOffset.IsValid() || checkedNextWriteOffset.ValueOrDie() > mSize)
    {
        return false;
    }

    ASSERT(mBuffer != nullptr);
    ASSERT(mHostVisible);
    ASSERT(mBuffer->getMappedMemory());
    mBuffer->setSuballocationOffsetAndSize(mNextAllocationOffset, sizeToAllocate);
    *bufferHelperOut = mBuffer.get();

    mNextAllocationOffset += static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeToAllocate);
    return true;
}

angle::Result DynamicBuffer::allocate(Context *context,
                                      size_t sizeInBytes,
                                      BufferHelper **bufferHelperOut,
                                      bool *newBufferAllocatedOut)
{
    bool newBuffer = !allocateFromCurrentBuffer(sizeInBytes, bufferHelperOut);
    if (newBufferAllocatedOut)
    {
        *newBufferAllocatedOut = newBuffer;
    }

    if (!newBuffer)
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    size_t sizeToAllocate = roundUp(sizeInBytes, mAlignment);

    if (mBuffer)
    {
        // Make sure the buffer is not released externally.
        ASSERT(mBuffer->valid());
        mInFlightBuffers.push_back(std::move(mBuffer));
        ASSERT(!mBuffer);
    }

    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();

    const size_t sizeIgnoringHistory = std::max(mInitialSize, sizeToAllocate);
    if (sizeToAllocate > mSize || sizeIgnoringHistory < mSize / 4)
    {
        mSize = sizeIgnoringHistory;
        // Clear the free list since the free buffers are now either too small or too big.
        ReleaseBufferListToRenderer(renderer, &mBufferFreeList);
    }

    // The front of the free list should be the oldest. Thus if it is in use the rest of the
    // free list should be in use as well.
    if (mBufferFreeList.empty() ||
        mBufferFreeList.front()->isCurrentlyInUse(renderer->getLastCompletedQueueSerial()))
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(allocateNewBuffer(context));
    }
    else
    {
        mBuffer = std::move(mBufferFreeList.front());
        mBufferFreeList.erase(mBufferFreeList.begin());
    }

    ASSERT(mBuffer->getBlockMemorySize() == mSize);

    mNextAllocationOffset = 0;

    ASSERT(mBuffer != nullptr);
    mBuffer->setSuballocationOffsetAndSize(mNextAllocationOffset, sizeToAllocate);
    *bufferHelperOut = mBuffer.get();

    mNextAllocationOffset += static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeToAllocate);
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicBuffer::release(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    reset();

    ReleaseBufferListToRenderer(renderer, &mInFlightBuffers);
    ReleaseBufferListToRenderer(renderer, &mBufferFreeList);

    if (mBuffer)
    {
        mBuffer->release(renderer);
        mBuffer.reset(nullptr);
    }
}

void DynamicBuffer::releaseInFlightBuffersToResourceUseList(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    ResourceUseList *resourceUseList = &contextVk->getResourceUseList();
    for (std::unique_ptr<BufferHelper> &bufferHelper : mInFlightBuffers)
    {
        // This function is used only for internal buffers, and they are all read-only.
        // It's possible this may change in the future, but there isn't a good way to detect that,
        // unfortunately.
        bufferHelper->retainReadOnly(resourceUseList);

        // We only keep free buffers that have the same size. Note that bufferHelper's size is
        // suballocation's size. We need to use the whole block memory size here.
        if (bufferHelper->getBlockMemorySize() != mSize)
        {
            bufferHelper->release(contextVk->getRenderer());
        }
        else
        {
            mBufferFreeList.push_back(std::move(bufferHelper));
        }
    }
    mInFlightBuffers.clear();
}

void DynamicBuffer::destroy(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    reset();

    DestroyBufferList(renderer, &mInFlightBuffers);
    DestroyBufferList(renderer, &mBufferFreeList);

    if (mBuffer)
    {
        mBuffer->unmap(renderer);
        mBuffer->destroy(renderer);
        mBuffer.reset(nullptr);
    }
}

void DynamicBuffer::requireAlignment(RendererVk *renderer, size_t alignment)
{
    ASSERT(alignment > 0);

    size_t prevAlignment = mAlignment;

    // If alignment was never set, initialize it with the atom size limit.
    if (prevAlignment == 0)
    {
        prevAlignment =
            static_cast<size_t>(renderer->getPhysicalDeviceProperties().limits.nonCoherentAtomSize);
        ASSERT(gl::isPow2(prevAlignment));
    }

    // We need lcm(prevAlignment, alignment).  Usually, one divides the other so std::max() could be
    // used instead.  Only known case where this assumption breaks is for 3-component types with
    // 16- or 32-bit channels, so that's special-cased to avoid a full-fledged lcm implementation.

    if (gl::isPow2(prevAlignment * alignment))
    {
        ASSERT(alignment % prevAlignment == 0 || prevAlignment % alignment == 0);

        alignment = std::max(prevAlignment, alignment);
    }
    else
    {
        ASSERT(prevAlignment % 3 != 0 || gl::isPow2(prevAlignment / 3));
        ASSERT(alignment % 3 != 0 || gl::isPow2(alignment / 3));

        prevAlignment = prevAlignment % 3 == 0 ? prevAlignment / 3 : prevAlignment;
        alignment     = alignment % 3 == 0 ? alignment / 3 : alignment;

        alignment = std::max(prevAlignment, alignment) * 3;
    }

    // If alignment has changed, make sure the next allocation is done at an aligned offset.
    if (alignment != mAlignment)
    {
        mNextAllocationOffset = roundUp(mNextAllocationOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(alignment));
    }

    mAlignment = alignment;
}

void DynamicBuffer::setMinimumSizeForTesting(size_t minSize)
{
    // This will really only have an effect next time we call allocate.
    mInitialSize = minSize;

    // Forces a new allocation on the next allocate.
    mSize = 0;
}

void DynamicBuffer::reset()
{
    mSize                 = 0;
    mNextAllocationOffset = 0;
}

// BufferPool implementation.
BufferPool::BufferPool()
    : mVirtualBlockCreateFlags(vma::VirtualBlockCreateFlagBits::GENERAL),
      mUsage(0),
      mHostVisible(false),
      mSize(0),
      mMemoryTypeIndex(0)
{}

BufferPool::BufferPool(BufferPool &&other)
    : mVirtualBlockCreateFlags(other.mVirtualBlockCreateFlags),
      mUsage(other.mUsage),
      mHostVisible(other.mHostVisible),
      mSize(other.mSize),
      mMemoryTypeIndex(other.mMemoryTypeIndex)
{}

void BufferPool::initWithFlags(RendererVk *renderer,
                               vma::VirtualBlockCreateFlags flags,
                               VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                               VkDeviceSize initialSize,
                               uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
                               VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags)
{
    mVirtualBlockCreateFlags = flags;
    mUsage                   = usage;
    mMemoryTypeIndex         = memoryTypeIndex;
    if (initialSize)
    {
        // Should be power of two
        ASSERT(gl::isPow2(initialSize));
        mSize = initialSize;
    }
    else
    {
        mSize = renderer->getPreferedBufferBlockSize(memoryTypeIndex);
    }
    mHostVisible = ((memoryPropertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0);
}

BufferPool::~BufferPool()
{
    ASSERT(mBufferBlocks.empty());
}

void BufferPool::pruneEmptyBuffers(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    int emptyBufferCount = 0;
    int freedBufferCount = 0;
    for (auto iter = mBufferBlocks.rbegin(); iter != mBufferBlocks.rend();)
    {
        if (!(*iter)->isEmpty())
        {
            ++iter;
            continue;
        }

        // Record how many times this buffer block has found to be empty  seqentially.
        int32_t countRemainsEmpty = (*iter)->getAndIncrementEmptyCounter();

        // We will always free empty buffers that has smaller size. Or if the empty buffer has been
        // found empty for long enough time, or we accumulated too many empty buffers, we also free
        // it.
        if ((*iter)->getMemorySize() < mSize || countRemainsEmpty >= kMaxCountRemainsEmpty ||
            emptyBufferCount >= kMaxEmptyBufferCount)
        {
            (*iter)->destroy(renderer);
            (*iter).reset();
            ++freedBufferCount;
        }
        else
        {
            ++emptyBufferCount;
        }
        ++iter;
    }

    // Remove the null pointers all at once, if any.
    if (freedBufferCount)
    {
        BufferBlockPointerVector compactedBlocks;
        for (auto iter = mBufferBlocks.begin(); iter != mBufferBlocks.end(); ++iter)
        {
            if (*iter)
            {
                compactedBlocks.push_back(std::move(*iter));
            }
        }
        mBufferBlocks = std::move(compactedBlocks);
    }
}

angle::Result BufferPool::allocateNewBuffer(Context *context, VkDeviceSize sizeInBytes)
{
    RendererVk *renderer       = context->getRenderer();
    const Allocator &allocator = renderer->getAllocator();

    VkDeviceSize heapSize =
        renderer->getMemoryProperties().getHeapSizeForMemoryType(mMemoryTypeIndex);

    // First ensure we are not exceeding the heapSize to avoid the validation error.
    ANGLE_VK_CHECK(context, sizeInBytes <= heapSize, VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY);

    // Double the size until meet the requirement. This also helps reducing the fragmentation. Since
    // this is global pool, we have less worry about memory waste.
    VkDeviceSize newSize = mSize;
    while (newSize < sizeInBytes)
    {
        newSize <<= 1;
    }
    mSize = std::min(newSize, heapSize);

    // Allocate buffer
    VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo    = {};
    createInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.flags                 = 0;
    createInfo.size                  = mSize;
    createInfo.usage                 = mUsage;
    createInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;

    VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags;
    allocator.getMemoryTypeProperties(mMemoryTypeIndex, &memoryPropertyFlags);

    DeviceScoped<Buffer> buffer(renderer->getDevice());
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, buffer.get().init(context->getDevice(), createInfo));

    DeviceScoped<DeviceMemory> deviceMemory(renderer->getDevice());
    VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlagsOut;
    VkDeviceSize sizeOut;
    ANGLE_TRY(AllocateBufferMemory(context, memoryPropertyFlags, &memoryPropertyFlagsOut, nullptr,
                                   &buffer.get(), &deviceMemory.get(), &sizeOut));
    ASSERT(sizeOut >= mSize);

    // Allocate bufferBlock
    std::unique_ptr<BufferBlock> block = std::make_unique<BufferBlock>();
    ANGLE_TRY(block->init(context, buffer.get(), mVirtualBlockCreateFlags, deviceMemory.get(),
                          memoryPropertyFlagsOut, mSize));

    if (mHostVisible)
    {
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, block->map(context->getDevice()));
    }

    // Append the bufferBlock into the pool
    mBufferBlocks.push_back(std::move(block));
    context->getPerfCounters().allocateNewBufferBlockCalls++;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferPool::allocateBuffer(Context *context,
                                         VkDeviceSize sizeInBytes,
                                         VkDeviceSize alignment,
                                         BufferSuballocation *suballocation)
{
    ASSERT(alignment);
    VkDeviceSize offset;
    VkDeviceSize alignedSize = roundUp(sizeInBytes, alignment);

    if (alignedSize >= kMaxBufferSizeForSuballocation)
    {
        VkDeviceSize heapSize =
            context->getRenderer()->getMemoryProperties().getHeapSizeForMemoryType(
                mMemoryTypeIndex);
        // First ensure we are not exceeding the heapSize to avoid the validation error.
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK(context, sizeInBytes <= heapSize, VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY);

        // Allocate buffer
        VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo    = {};
        createInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.flags                 = 0;
        createInfo.size                  = alignedSize;
        createInfo.usage                 = mUsage;
        createInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;

        VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags;
        const Allocator &allocator = context->getRenderer()->getAllocator();
        allocator.getMemoryTypeProperties(mMemoryTypeIndex, &memoryPropertyFlags);

        DeviceScoped<Buffer> buffer(context->getDevice());
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, buffer.get().init(context->getDevice(), createInfo));

        DeviceScoped<DeviceMemory> deviceMemory(context->getDevice());
        VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlagsOut;
        VkDeviceSize sizeOut;
        ANGLE_TRY(AllocateBufferMemory(context, memoryPropertyFlags, &memoryPropertyFlagsOut,
                                       nullptr, &buffer.get(), &deviceMemory.get(), &sizeOut));
        ASSERT(sizeOut >= alignedSize);

        suballocation->initWithEntireBuffer(context, buffer.get(), deviceMemory.get(),
                                            memoryPropertyFlagsOut, alignedSize);
        if (mHostVisible)
        {
            ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, suballocation->map(context));
        }
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // We always allocate from reverse order so that older buffers have a chance to age out. The
    // assumption is that to allocate from new buffers first may have a better chance to leave the
    // older buffers completely empty and we may able to free it.
    for (auto iter = mBufferBlocks.rbegin(); iter != mBufferBlocks.rend();)
    {
        std::unique_ptr<BufferBlock> &block = *iter;
        if (block->isEmpty() && block->getMemorySize() < mSize)
        {
            // Don't try to allocate from an empty buffer that has smaller size. It will get
            // released when pruneEmptyBuffers get called later on.
            ++iter;
            continue;
        }

        if (block->allocate(alignedSize, alignment, &offset) == VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            suballocation->init(context->getDevice(), block.get(), offset, alignedSize);
            return angle::Result::Continue;
        }
        ++iter;
    }

    ANGLE_TRY(allocateNewBuffer(context, alignedSize));

    // Sub-allocate from the bufferBlock.
    std::unique_ptr<BufferBlock> &block = mBufferBlocks.back();
    ANGLE_VK_CHECK(context, block->allocate(alignedSize, alignment, &offset) == VK_SUCCESS,
                   VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY);
    suballocation->init(context->getDevice(), block.get(), offset, alignedSize);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void BufferPool::destroy(RendererVk *renderer, bool orphanNonEmptyBufferBlock)
{
    for (std::unique_ptr<BufferBlock> &block : mBufferBlocks)
    {
        if (block->isEmpty())
        {
            block->destroy(renderer);
        }
        else
        {
            // When orphan is not allowed, all BufferBlocks must be empty.
            ASSERT(orphanNonEmptyBufferBlock);
            renderer->addBufferBlockToOrphanList(block.release());
        }
    }
    mBufferBlocks.clear();
}

// DescriptorPoolHelper implementation.
DescriptorPoolHelper::DescriptorPoolHelper() : mFreeDescriptorSets(0) {}

DescriptorPoolHelper::~DescriptorPoolHelper() = default;

bool DescriptorPoolHelper::hasCapacity(uint32_t descriptorSetCount) const
{
    return mFreeDescriptorSets >= descriptorSetCount;
}

angle::Result DescriptorPoolHelper::init(Context *context,
                                         const std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> &poolSizesIn,
                                         uint32_t maxSets)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();

    if (mDescriptorPool.valid())
    {
        ASSERT(!isCurrentlyInUse(renderer->getLastCompletedQueueSerial()));
        mDescriptorPool.destroy(renderer->getDevice());
    }

    // Make a copy of the pool sizes, so we can grow them to satisfy the specified maxSets.
    std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes = poolSizesIn;

    for (VkDescriptorPoolSize &poolSize : poolSizes)
    {
        poolSize.descriptorCount *= maxSets;
    }

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo = {};
    descriptorPoolInfo.sType                      = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    descriptorPoolInfo.flags                      = 0;
    descriptorPoolInfo.maxSets                    = maxSets;
    descriptorPoolInfo.poolSizeCount              = static_cast<uint32_t>(poolSizes.size());
    descriptorPoolInfo.pPoolSizes                 = poolSizes.data();

    mFreeDescriptorSets = maxSets;

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mDescriptorPool.init(renderer->getDevice(), descriptorPoolInfo));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DescriptorPoolHelper::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    mDescriptorPool.destroy(device);
}

void DescriptorPoolHelper::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    contextVk->addGarbage(&mDescriptorPool);
}

angle::Result DescriptorPoolHelper::allocateDescriptorSets(
    Context *context,
    ResourceUseList *resourceUseList,
    const DescriptorSetLayout &descriptorSetLayout,
    uint32_t descriptorSetCount,
    VkDescriptorSet *descriptorSetsOut)
{
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType                       = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.descriptorPool              = mDescriptorPool.getHandle();
    allocInfo.descriptorSetCount          = descriptorSetCount;
    allocInfo.pSetLayouts                 = descriptorSetLayout.ptr();

    ASSERT(mFreeDescriptorSets >= descriptorSetCount);
    mFreeDescriptorSets -= descriptorSetCount;

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mDescriptorPool.allocateDescriptorSets(context->getDevice(), allocInfo,
                                                                 descriptorSetsOut));

    // The pool is still in use every time a new descriptor set is allocated from it.
    retain(resourceUseList);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

// DynamicDescriptorPool implementation.
DynamicDescriptorPool::DynamicDescriptorPool()
    : mCurrentPoolIndex(0), mCachedDescriptorSetLayout(VK_NULL_HANDLE)
{}

DynamicDescriptorPool::~DynamicDescriptorPool() = default;

angle::Result DynamicDescriptorPool::init(Context *context,
                                          const VkDescriptorPoolSize *setSizes,
                                          size_t setSizeCount,
                                          VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout)
{
    ASSERT(setSizes);
    ASSERT(setSizeCount);
    ASSERT(mCurrentPoolIndex == 0);
    ASSERT(mDescriptorPools.empty() ||
           (mDescriptorPools.size() == 1 &&
            mDescriptorPools[mCurrentPoolIndex]->get().hasCapacity(mMaxSetsPerPool)));
    ASSERT(mCachedDescriptorSetLayout == VK_NULL_HANDLE);

    mPoolSizes.assign(setSizes, setSizes + setSizeCount);
    mCachedDescriptorSetLayout = descriptorSetLayout;

    mDescriptorPools.push_back(new RefCountedDescriptorPoolHelper());
    mCurrentPoolIndex = mDescriptorPools.size() - 1;
    return mDescriptorPools[mCurrentPoolIndex]->get().init(context, mPoolSizes, mMaxSetsPerPool);
}

void DynamicDescriptorPool::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    for (RefCountedDescriptorPoolHelper *pool : mDescriptorPools)
    {
        ASSERT(!pool->isReferenced());
        pool->get().destroy(device);
        delete pool;
    }

    mDescriptorPools.clear();
    mCurrentPoolIndex          = 0;
    mCachedDescriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

void DynamicDescriptorPool::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    for (RefCountedDescriptorPoolHelper *pool : mDescriptorPools)
    {
        ASSERT(!pool->isReferenced());
        pool->get().release(contextVk);
        delete pool;
    }

    mDescriptorPools.clear();
    mCurrentPoolIndex          = 0;
    mCachedDescriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

angle::Result DynamicDescriptorPool::allocateSetsAndGetInfo(
    Context *context,
    ResourceUseList *resourceUseList,
    const DescriptorSetLayout &descriptorSetLayout,
    uint32_t descriptorSetCount,
    RefCountedDescriptorPoolBinding *bindingOut,
    VkDescriptorSet *descriptorSetsOut,
    bool *newPoolAllocatedOut)
{
    ASSERT(!mDescriptorPools.empty());
    ASSERT(descriptorSetLayout.getHandle() == mCachedDescriptorSetLayout);

    *newPoolAllocatedOut = false;

    if (!bindingOut->valid() || !bindingOut->get().hasCapacity(descriptorSetCount))
    {
        if (!mDescriptorPools[mCurrentPoolIndex]->get().hasCapacity(descriptorSetCount))
        {
            ANGLE_TRY(allocateNewPool(context));
            *newPoolAllocatedOut = true;
        }

        bindingOut->set(mDescriptorPools[mCurrentPoolIndex]);
    }

    ++context->getPerfCounters().descriptorSetAllocations;

    return bindingOut->get().allocateDescriptorSets(context, resourceUseList, descriptorSetLayout,
                                                    descriptorSetCount, descriptorSetsOut);
}

angle::Result DynamicDescriptorPool::allocateNewPool(Context *context)
{
    bool found = false;

    Serial lastCompletedSerial = context->getRenderer()->getLastCompletedQueueSerial();
    for (size_t poolIndex = 0; poolIndex < mDescriptorPools.size(); ++poolIndex)
    {
        if (!mDescriptorPools[poolIndex]->isReferenced() &&
            !mDescriptorPools[poolIndex]->get().isCurrentlyInUse(lastCompletedSerial))
        {
            mCurrentPoolIndex = poolIndex;
            found             = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found)
    {
        mDescriptorPools.push_back(new RefCountedDescriptorPoolHelper());
        mCurrentPoolIndex = mDescriptorPools.size() - 1;

        static constexpr size_t kMaxPools = 99999;
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK(context, mDescriptorPools.size() < kMaxPools, VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS);
    }

    // This pool is getting hot, so grow its max size to try and prevent allocating another pool in
    // the future.
    if (mMaxSetsPerPool < kMaxSetsPerPoolMax)
    {
        mMaxSetsPerPool *= mMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplier;
    }

    return mDescriptorPools[mCurrentPoolIndex]->get().init(context, mPoolSizes, mMaxSetsPerPool);
}

// For testing only!
uint32_t DynamicDescriptorPool::GetMaxSetsPerPoolForTesting()
{
    return mMaxSetsPerPool;
}

// For testing only!
void DynamicDescriptorPool::SetMaxSetsPerPoolForTesting(uint32_t maxSetsPerPool)
{
    mMaxSetsPerPool = maxSetsPerPool;
}

// For testing only!
uint32_t DynamicDescriptorPool::GetMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplierForTesting()
{
    return mMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplier;
}

// For testing only!
void DynamicDescriptorPool::SetMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplierForTesting(uint32_t maxSetsPerPoolMultiplier)
{
    mMaxSetsPerPoolMultiplier = maxSetsPerPoolMultiplier;
}

// DynamicallyGrowingPool implementation
template <typename Pool>
DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::DynamicallyGrowingPool()
    : mPoolSize(0), mCurrentPool(0), mCurrentFreeEntry(0)
{}

template <typename Pool>
DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::~DynamicallyGrowingPool() = default;

template <typename Pool>
angle::Result DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::initEntryPool(Context *contextVk, uint32_t poolSize)
{
    ASSERT(mPools.empty());
    mPoolSize         = poolSize;
    mCurrentFreeEntry = poolSize;
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

template <typename Pool>
void DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::destroyEntryPool(VkDevice device)
{
    for (PoolResource &resource : mPools)
    {
        destroyPoolImpl(device, resource.pool);
    }
    mPools.clear();
}

template <typename Pool>
bool DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::findFreeEntryPool(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    Serial lastCompletedQueueSerial = contextVk->getLastCompletedQueueSerial();
    for (size_t poolIndex = 0; poolIndex < mPools.size(); ++poolIndex)
    {
        PoolResource &pool = mPools[poolIndex];
        if (pool.freedCount == mPoolSize && !pool.isCurrentlyInUse(lastCompletedQueueSerial))
        {
            mCurrentPool      = poolIndex;
            mCurrentFreeEntry = 0;

            pool.freedCount = 0;

            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

template <typename Pool>
angle::Result DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::allocateNewEntryPool(ContextVk *contextVk, Pool &&pool)
{
    mPools.emplace_back(std::move(pool), 0);

    mCurrentPool      = mPools.size() - 1;
    mCurrentFreeEntry = 0;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

template <typename Pool>
void DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::onEntryFreed(ContextVk *contextVk, size_t poolIndex)
{
    ASSERT(poolIndex < mPools.size() && mPools[poolIndex].freedCount < mPoolSize);
    mPools[poolIndex].retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    ++mPools[poolIndex].freedCount;
}

template <typename Pool>
angle::Result DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::allocatePoolEntries(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                                uint32_t entryCount,
                                                                uint32_t *poolIndex,
                                                                uint32_t *currentEntryOut)
{
    if (mCurrentFreeEntry + entryCount > mPoolSize)
    {
        if (!findFreeEntryPool(contextVk))
        {
            Pool newPool;
            ANGLE_TRY(allocatePoolImpl(contextVk, newPool, mPoolSize));
            ANGLE_TRY(allocateNewEntryPool(contextVk, std::move(newPool)));
        }
    }

    *poolIndex       = static_cast<uint32_t>(mCurrentPool);
    *currentEntryOut = mCurrentFreeEntry;

    mCurrentFreeEntry += entryCount;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

template <typename Pool>
DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::PoolResource::PoolResource(Pool &&poolIn, uint32_t freedCountIn)
    : pool(std::move(poolIn)), freedCount(freedCountIn)
{}

template <typename Pool>
DynamicallyGrowingPool<Pool>::PoolResource::PoolResource(PoolResource &&other)
    : pool(std::move(other.pool)), freedCount(other.freedCount)
{}

// DynamicQueryPool implementation
DynamicQueryPool::DynamicQueryPool() = default;

DynamicQueryPool::~DynamicQueryPool() = default;

angle::Result DynamicQueryPool::init(ContextVk *contextVk, VkQueryType type, uint32_t poolSize)
{
    ANGLE_TRY(initEntryPool(contextVk, poolSize));
    mQueryType = type;
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicQueryPool::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    destroyEntryPool(device);
}

void DynamicQueryPool::destroyPoolImpl(VkDevice device, QueryPool &poolToDestroy)
{
    poolToDestroy.destroy(device);
}

angle::Result DynamicQueryPool::allocateQuery(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              QueryHelper *queryOut,
                                              uint32_t queryCount)
{
    ASSERT(!queryOut->valid());

    uint32_t currentPool = 0;
    uint32_t queryIndex  = 0;
    ANGLE_TRY(allocatePoolEntries(contextVk, queryCount, &currentPool, &queryIndex));

    queryOut->init(this, currentPool, queryIndex, queryCount);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result DynamicQueryPool::allocatePoolImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 QueryPool &poolToAllocate,
                                                 uint32_t entriesToAllocate)
{
    VkQueryPoolCreateInfo queryPoolInfo = {};
    queryPoolInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    queryPoolInfo.flags                 = 0;
    queryPoolInfo.queryType             = this->mQueryType;
    queryPoolInfo.queryCount            = entriesToAllocate;
    queryPoolInfo.pipelineStatistics    = 0;

    if (this->mQueryType == VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS)
    {
        queryPoolInfo.pipelineStatistics = VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_CLIPPING_INVOCATIONS_BIT;
    }

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, poolToAllocate.init(contextVk->getDevice(), queryPoolInfo));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicQueryPool::freeQuery(ContextVk *contextVk, QueryHelper *query)
{
    if (query->valid())
    {
        size_t poolIndex = query->mQueryPoolIndex;
        ASSERT(getQueryPool(poolIndex).valid());

        onEntryFreed(contextVk, poolIndex);

        query->deinit();
    }
}

// QueryResult implementation
void QueryResult::setResults(uint64_t *results, uint32_t queryCount)
{
    ASSERT(mResults[0] == 0 && mResults[1] == 0);

    // Accumulate the query results.  For multiview, where multiple query indices are used to return
    // the results, it's undefined how the results are distributed between indices, but the sum is
    // guaranteed to be the desired result.
    for (uint32_t query = 0; query < queryCount; ++query)
    {
        for (uint32_t perQueryIndex = 0; perQueryIndex < mIntsPerResult; ++perQueryIndex)
        {
            mResults[perQueryIndex] += results[query * mIntsPerResult + perQueryIndex];
        }
    }
}

// QueryHelper implementation
QueryHelper::QueryHelper()
    : mDynamicQueryPool(nullptr),
      mQueryPoolIndex(0),
      mQuery(0),
      mQueryCount(0),
      mStatus(QueryStatus::Inactive)
{}

QueryHelper::~QueryHelper() {}

// Move constructor
QueryHelper::QueryHelper(QueryHelper &&rhs)
    : Resource(std::move(rhs)),
      mDynamicQueryPool(rhs.mDynamicQueryPool),
      mQueryPoolIndex(rhs.mQueryPoolIndex),
      mQuery(rhs.mQuery),
      mQueryCount(rhs.mQueryCount)
{
    rhs.mDynamicQueryPool = nullptr;
    rhs.mQueryPoolIndex   = 0;
    rhs.mQuery            = 0;
    rhs.mQueryCount       = 0;
}

QueryHelper &QueryHelper::operator=(QueryHelper &&rhs)
{
    std::swap(mDynamicQueryPool, rhs.mDynamicQueryPool);
    std::swap(mQueryPoolIndex, rhs.mQueryPoolIndex);
    std::swap(mQuery, rhs.mQuery);
    std::swap(mQueryCount, rhs.mQueryCount);
    return *this;
}

void QueryHelper::init(const DynamicQueryPool *dynamicQueryPool,
                       const size_t queryPoolIndex,
                       uint32_t query,
                       uint32_t queryCount)
{
    mDynamicQueryPool = dynamicQueryPool;
    mQueryPoolIndex   = queryPoolIndex;
    mQuery            = query;
    mQueryCount       = queryCount;

    ASSERT(mQueryCount <= gl::IMPLEMENTATION_ANGLE_MULTIVIEW_MAX_VIEWS);
}

void QueryHelper::deinit()
{
    mDynamicQueryPool = nullptr;
    mQueryPoolIndex   = 0;
    mQuery            = 0;
    mQueryCount       = 0;
    mUse.release();
    mUse.init();
    mStatus = QueryStatus::Inactive;
}

template <typename CommandBufferT>
void QueryHelper::beginQueryImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                 OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *resetCommandBuffer,
                                 CommandBufferT *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(mStatus != QueryStatus::Active);
    const QueryPool &queryPool = getQueryPool();
    resetQueryPoolImpl(contextVk, queryPool, resetCommandBuffer);
    commandBuffer->beginQuery(queryPool, mQuery, 0);
    mStatus = QueryStatus::Active;
}

template <typename CommandBufferT>
void QueryHelper::endQueryImpl(ContextVk *contextVk, CommandBufferT *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(mStatus != QueryStatus::Ended);
    commandBuffer->endQuery(getQueryPool(), mQuery);
    mStatus = QueryStatus::Ended;
    // Query results are available after endQuery, retain this query so that we get its serial
    // updated which is used to indicate that query results are (or will be) available.
    retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::beginQuery(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    if (contextVk->hasStartedRenderPass())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->flushCommandsAndEndRenderPass(
            RenderPassClosureReason::BeginNonRenderPassQuery));
    }

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer({}, &commandBuffer));

    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->handleGraphicsEventLog(rx::GraphicsEventCmdBuf::InOutsideCmdBufQueryCmd));

    beginQueryImpl(contextVk, commandBuffer, commandBuffer);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::endQuery(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    if (contextVk->hasStartedRenderPass())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->flushCommandsAndEndRenderPass(
            RenderPassClosureReason::EndNonRenderPassQuery));
    }

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer({}, &commandBuffer));

    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->handleGraphicsEventLog(rx::GraphicsEventCmdBuf::InOutsideCmdBufQueryCmd));

    endQueryImpl(contextVk, commandBuffer);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

template <typename CommandBufferT>
void QueryHelper::resetQueryPoolImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                     const QueryPool &queryPool,
                                     CommandBufferT *commandBuffer)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();
    if (vkResetQueryPoolEXT != nullptr && renderer->getFeatures().supportsHostQueryReset.enabled)
    {
        vkResetQueryPoolEXT(contextVk->getDevice(), queryPool.getHandle(), mQuery, mQueryCount);
    }
    else
    {
        commandBuffer->resetQueryPool(queryPool, mQuery, mQueryCount);
    }
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::beginRenderPassQuery(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *outsideRenderPassCommandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer({}, &outsideRenderPassCommandBuffer));

    RenderPassCommandBuffer *renderPassCommandBuffer =
        &contextVk->getStartedRenderPassCommands().getCommandBuffer();

    beginQueryImpl(contextVk, outsideRenderPassCommandBuffer, renderPassCommandBuffer);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void QueryHelper::endRenderPassQuery(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    if (mStatus == QueryStatus::Active)
    {
        endQueryImpl(contextVk, &contextVk->getStartedRenderPassCommands().getCommandBuffer());
    }
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::flushAndWriteTimestamp(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    if (contextVk->hasStartedRenderPass())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(
            contextVk->flushCommandsAndEndRenderPass(RenderPassClosureReason::TimestampQuery));
    }

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer({}, &commandBuffer));
    writeTimestamp(contextVk, commandBuffer);
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void QueryHelper::writeTimestampToPrimary(ContextVk *contextVk, PrimaryCommandBuffer *primary)
{
    // Note that commands may not be flushed at this point.

    const QueryPool &queryPool = getQueryPool();
    resetQueryPoolImpl(contextVk, queryPool, primary);
    primary->writeTimestamp(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, queryPool, mQuery);
}

void QueryHelper::writeTimestamp(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                 OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    const QueryPool &queryPool = getQueryPool();
    resetQueryPoolImpl(contextVk, queryPool, commandBuffer);
    commandBuffer->writeTimestamp(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, queryPool, mQuery);
    // timestamp results are available immediately, retain this query so that we get its serial
    // updated which is used to indicate that query results are (or will be) available.
    retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
}

bool QueryHelper::hasSubmittedCommands() const
{
    return mUse.getSerial().valid();
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::getUint64ResultNonBlocking(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                      QueryResult *resultOut,
                                                      bool *availableOut)
{
    ASSERT(valid());
    VkResult result;

    // Ensure that we only wait if we have inserted a query in command buffer. Otherwise you will
    // wait forever and trigger GPU timeout.
    if (hasSubmittedCommands())
    {
        constexpr VkQueryResultFlags kFlags = VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT;
        result                              = getResultImpl(contextVk, kFlags, resultOut);
    }
    else
    {
        result     = VK_SUCCESS;
        *resultOut = 0;
    }

    if (result == VK_NOT_READY)
    {
        *availableOut = false;
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }
    else
    {
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, result);
        *availableOut = true;
    }
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result QueryHelper::getUint64Result(ContextVk *contextVk, QueryResult *resultOut)
{
    ASSERT(valid());
    if (hasSubmittedCommands())
    {
        constexpr VkQueryResultFlags kFlags = VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT | VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT;
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, getResultImpl(contextVk, kFlags, resultOut));
    }
    else
    {
        *resultOut = 0;
    }
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

VkResult QueryHelper::getResultImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                    const VkQueryResultFlags flags,
                                    QueryResult *resultOut)
{
    std::array<uint64_t, 2 * gl::IMPLEMENTATION_ANGLE_MULTIVIEW_MAX_VIEWS> results;

    VkDevice device = contextVk->getDevice();
    VkResult result = getQueryPool().getResults(device, mQuery, mQueryCount, sizeof(results),
                                                results.data(), sizeof(uint64_t), flags);

    if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        resultOut->setResults(results.data(), mQueryCount);
    }

    return result;
}

// DynamicSemaphorePool implementation
DynamicSemaphorePool::DynamicSemaphorePool() = default;

DynamicSemaphorePool::~DynamicSemaphorePool() = default;

angle::Result DynamicSemaphorePool::init(ContextVk *contextVk, uint32_t poolSize)
{
    ANGLE_TRY(initEntryPool(contextVk, poolSize));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicSemaphorePool::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    destroyEntryPool(device);
}

angle::Result DynamicSemaphorePool::allocateSemaphore(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                      SemaphoreHelper *semaphoreOut)
{
    ASSERT(!semaphoreOut->getSemaphore());

    uint32_t currentPool  = 0;
    uint32_t currentEntry = 0;
    ANGLE_TRY(allocatePoolEntries(contextVk, 1, &currentPool, &currentEntry));

    semaphoreOut->init(currentPool, &getPool(currentPool)[currentEntry]);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicSemaphorePool::freeSemaphore(ContextVk *contextVk, SemaphoreHelper *semaphore)
{
    if (semaphore->getSemaphore())
    {
        onEntryFreed(contextVk, semaphore->getSemaphorePoolIndex());
        semaphore->deinit();
    }
}

angle::Result DynamicSemaphorePool::allocatePoolImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                     std::vector<Semaphore> &poolToAllocate,
                                                     uint32_t entriesToAllocate)
{
    poolToAllocate.resize(entriesToAllocate);
    for (Semaphore &semaphore : poolToAllocate)
    {
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, semaphore.init(contextVk->getDevice()));
    }
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void DynamicSemaphorePool::destroyPoolImpl(VkDevice device, std::vector<Semaphore> &poolToDestroy)
{
    for (Semaphore &semaphore : poolToDestroy)
    {
        semaphore.destroy(device);
    }
}

// SemaphoreHelper implementation
SemaphoreHelper::SemaphoreHelper() : mSemaphorePoolIndex(0), mSemaphore(0) {}

SemaphoreHelper::~SemaphoreHelper() {}

SemaphoreHelper::SemaphoreHelper(SemaphoreHelper &&other)
    : mSemaphorePoolIndex(other.mSemaphorePoolIndex), mSemaphore(other.mSemaphore)
{
    other.mSemaphore = nullptr;
}

SemaphoreHelper &SemaphoreHelper::operator=(SemaphoreHelper &&other)
{
    std::swap(mSemaphorePoolIndex, other.mSemaphorePoolIndex);
    std::swap(mSemaphore, other.mSemaphore);
    return *this;
}

void SemaphoreHelper::init(const size_t semaphorePoolIndex, const Semaphore *semaphore)
{
    mSemaphorePoolIndex = semaphorePoolIndex;
    mSemaphore          = semaphore;
}

void SemaphoreHelper::deinit()
{
    mSemaphorePoolIndex = 0;
    mSemaphore          = nullptr;
}

// LineLoopHelper implementation.
LineLoopHelper::LineLoopHelper(RendererVk *renderer) {}
LineLoopHelper::~LineLoopHelper() = default;

angle::Result LineLoopHelper::getIndexBufferForDrawArrays(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                          uint32_t clampedVertexCount,
                                                          GLint firstVertex,
                                                          BufferHelper **bufferOut)
{
    size_t allocateBytes = sizeof(uint32_t) * (static_cast<size_t>(clampedVertexCount) + 1);
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(contextVk, allocateBytes,
                                                              MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));
    uint32_t *indices = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(mDynamicIndexBuffer.getMappedMemory());

    // Note: there could be an overflow in this addition.
    uint32_t unsignedFirstVertex = static_cast<uint32_t>(firstVertex);
    uint32_t vertexCount         = (clampedVertexCount + unsignedFirstVertex);
    for (uint32_t vertexIndex = unsignedFirstVertex; vertexIndex < vertexCount; vertexIndex++)
    {
        *indices++ = vertexIndex;
    }
    *indices = unsignedFirstVertex;

    // Since we are not using the VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT flag when creating the
    // device memory in the StreamingBuffer, we always need to make sure we flush it after
    // writing.
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.flush(contextVk->getRenderer()));

    *bufferOut = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result LineLoopHelper::getIndexBufferForElementArrayBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                                  BufferVk *elementArrayBufferVk,
                                                                  gl::DrawElementsType glIndexType,
                                                                  int indexCount,
                                                                  intptr_t elementArrayOffset,
                                                                  BufferHelper **bufferOut,
                                                                  uint32_t *indexCountOut)
{
    if (glIndexType == gl::DrawElementsType::UnsignedByte ||
        contextVk->getState().isPrimitiveRestartEnabled())
    {
        ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "LineLoopHelper::getIndexBufferForElementArrayBuffer");

        void *srcDataMapping = nullptr;
        ANGLE_TRY(elementArrayBufferVk->mapImpl(contextVk, GL_MAP_READ_BIT, &srcDataMapping));
        ANGLE_TRY(streamIndices(contextVk, glIndexType, indexCount,
                                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(srcDataMapping) + elementArrayOffset,
                                bufferOut, indexCountOut));
        ANGLE_TRY(elementArrayBufferVk->unmapImpl(contextVk));
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    *indexCountOut = indexCount + 1;

    size_t unitSize = contextVk->getVkIndexTypeSize(glIndexType);

    size_t allocateBytes = unitSize * (indexCount + 1) + 1;
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(contextVk, allocateBytes,
                                                              MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));

    BufferHelper *sourceBuffer = &elementArrayBufferVk->getBuffer();
    VkDeviceSize sourceOffset =
        static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(elementArrayOffset) + sourceBuffer->getOffset();
    uint64_t unitCount                         = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(indexCount);
    angle::FixedVector<VkBufferCopy, 2> copies = {
        {sourceOffset, mDynamicIndexBuffer.getOffset(), unitCount * unitSize},
        {sourceOffset, mDynamicIndexBuffer.getOffset() + unitCount * unitSize, unitSize},
    };

    vk::CommandBufferAccess access;
    access.onBufferTransferWrite(&mDynamicIndexBuffer);
    access.onBufferTransferRead(sourceBuffer);

    vk::OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    commandBuffer->copyBuffer(sourceBuffer->getBuffer(), mDynamicIndexBuffer.getBuffer(),
                              static_cast<uint32_t>(copies.size()), copies.data());

    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.flush(contextVk->getRenderer()));

    *bufferOut = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result LineLoopHelper::streamIndices(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                            gl::DrawElementsType glIndexType,
                                            GLsizei indexCount,
                                            const uint8_t *srcPtr,
                                            BufferHelper **bufferOut,
                                            uint32_t *indexCountOut)
{
    size_t unitSize = contextVk->getVkIndexTypeSize(glIndexType);

    uint32_t numOutIndices = indexCount + 1;
    if (contextVk->getState().isPrimitiveRestartEnabled())
    {
        numOutIndices = GetLineLoopWithRestartIndexCount(glIndexType, indexCount, srcPtr);
    }
    *indexCountOut = numOutIndices;

    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(contextVk, unitSize * numOutIndices,
                                                              MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));
    uint8_t *indices = mDynamicIndexBuffer.getMappedMemory();

    if (contextVk->getState().isPrimitiveRestartEnabled())
    {
        HandlePrimitiveRestart(contextVk, glIndexType, indexCount, srcPtr, indices);
    }
    else
    {
        if (contextVk->shouldConvertUint8VkIndexType(glIndexType))
        {
            // If vulkan doesn't support uint8 index types, we need to emulate it.
            VkIndexType indexType = contextVk->getVkIndexType(glIndexType);
            ASSERT(indexType == VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);
            uint16_t *indicesDst = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(indices);
            for (int i = 0; i < indexCount; i++)
            {
                indicesDst[i] = srcPtr[i];
            }

            indicesDst[indexCount] = srcPtr[0];
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy(indices, srcPtr, unitSize * indexCount);
            memcpy(indices + unitSize * indexCount, srcPtr, unitSize);
        }
    }

    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.flush(contextVk->getRenderer()));

    *bufferOut = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result LineLoopHelper::streamIndicesIndirect(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                    gl::DrawElementsType glIndexType,
                                                    BufferHelper *indexBuffer,
                                                    BufferHelper *indirectBuffer,
                                                    VkDeviceSize indirectBufferOffset,
                                                    BufferHelper **indexBufferOut,
                                                    BufferHelper **indirectBufferOut)
{
    size_t unitSize      = contextVk->getVkIndexTypeSize(glIndexType);
    size_t allocateBytes = static_cast<size_t>(indexBuffer->getSize() + unitSize);

    if (contextVk->getState().isPrimitiveRestartEnabled())
    {
        // If primitive restart, new index buffer is 135% the size of the original index buffer. The
        // smallest lineloop with primitive restart is 3 indices (point 1, point 2 and restart
        // value) when converted to linelist becomes 4 vertices. Expansion of 4/3. Any larger
        // lineloops would have less overhead and require less extra space. Any incomplete
        // primitives can be dropped or left incomplete and thus not increase the size of the
        // destination index buffer. Since we don't know the number of indices being used we'll use
        // the size of the index buffer as allocated as the index count.
        size_t numInputIndices    = static_cast<size_t>(indexBuffer->getSize() / unitSize);
        size_t numNewInputIndices = ((numInputIndices * 4) / 3) + 1;
        allocateBytes             = static_cast<size_t>(numNewInputIndices * unitSize);
    }

    // Allocate buffer for results
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(contextVk, allocateBytes,
                                                              MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndirectBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(
        contextVk, sizeof(VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand), MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));

    *indexBufferOut    = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;
    *indirectBufferOut = &mDynamicIndirectBuffer;

    BufferHelper *dstIndexBuffer    = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;
    BufferHelper *dstIndirectBuffer = &mDynamicIndirectBuffer;

    // Copy relevant section of the source into destination at allocated offset.  Note that the
    // offset returned by allocate() above is in bytes. As is the indices offset pointer.
    UtilsVk::ConvertLineLoopIndexIndirectParameters params = {};
    params.indirectBufferOffset    = static_cast<uint32_t>(indirectBufferOffset);
    params.dstIndirectBufferOffset = 0;
    params.srcIndexBufferOffset    = 0;
    params.dstIndexBufferOffset    = 0;
    params.indicesBitsWidth        = static_cast<uint32_t>(unitSize * 8);

    return contextVk->getUtils().convertLineLoopIndexIndirectBuffer(
        contextVk, indirectBuffer, dstIndirectBuffer, dstIndexBuffer, indexBuffer, params);
}

angle::Result LineLoopHelper::streamArrayIndirect(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                  size_t vertexCount,
                                                  BufferHelper *arrayIndirectBuffer,
                                                  VkDeviceSize arrayIndirectBufferOffset,
                                                  BufferHelper **indexBufferOut,
                                                  BufferHelper **indexIndirectBufferOut)
{
    auto unitSize        = sizeof(uint32_t);
    size_t allocateBytes = static_cast<size_t>((vertexCount + 1) * unitSize);

    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndexBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(contextVk, allocateBytes,
                                                              MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));
    ANGLE_TRY(mDynamicIndirectBuffer.allocateForVertexConversion(
        contextVk, sizeof(VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand), MemoryHostVisibility::Visible));

    *indexBufferOut         = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;
    *indexIndirectBufferOut = &mDynamicIndirectBuffer;

    BufferHelper *dstIndexBuffer    = &mDynamicIndexBuffer;
    BufferHelper *dstIndirectBuffer = &mDynamicIndirectBuffer;

    // Copy relevant section of the source into destination at allocated offset.  Note that the
    // offset returned by allocate() above is in bytes. As is the indices offset pointer.
    UtilsVk::ConvertLineLoopArrayIndirectParameters params = {};
    params.indirectBufferOffset    = static_cast<uint32_t>(arrayIndirectBufferOffset);
    params.dstIndirectBufferOffset = 0;
    params.dstIndexBufferOffset    = 0;
    return contextVk->getUtils().convertLineLoopArrayIndirectBuffer(
        contextVk, arrayIndirectBuffer, dstIndirectBuffer, dstIndexBuffer, params);
}

void LineLoopHelper::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    mDynamicIndexBuffer.release(contextVk->getRenderer());
    mDynamicIndirectBuffer.release(contextVk->getRenderer());
}

void LineLoopHelper::destroy(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    mDynamicIndexBuffer.destroy(renderer);
    mDynamicIndirectBuffer.destroy(renderer);
}

// static
void LineLoopHelper::Draw(uint32_t count,
                          uint32_t baseVertex,
                          RenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    // Our first index is always 0 because that's how we set it up in createIndexBuffer*.
    commandBuffer->drawIndexedBaseVertex(count, baseVertex);
}

PipelineStage GetPipelineStage(gl::ShaderType stage)
{
    const PipelineStage pipelineStage = kPipelineStageShaderMap[stage];
    ASSERT(pipelineStage == PipelineStage::VertexShader ||
           pipelineStage == PipelineStage::TessellationControl ||
           pipelineStage == PipelineStage::TessellationEvaluation ||
           pipelineStage == PipelineStage::GeometryShader ||
           pipelineStage == PipelineStage::FragmentShader ||
           pipelineStage == PipelineStage::ComputeShader);
    return pipelineStage;
}

// PipelineBarrier implementation.
void PipelineBarrier::addDiagnosticsString(std::ostringstream &out) const
{
    if (mMemoryBarrierSrcAccess != 0 || mMemoryBarrierDstAccess != 0)
    {
        out << "Src: 0x" << std::hex << mMemoryBarrierSrcAccess << " &rarr; Dst: 0x" << std::hex
            << mMemoryBarrierDstAccess << std::endl;
    }
}

// BufferHelper implementation.
BufferHelper::BufferHelper()
    : mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()),
      mCurrentWriteAccess(0),
      mCurrentReadAccess(0),
      mCurrentWriteStages(0),
      mCurrentReadStages(0),
      mSerial()
{}

BufferHelper::~BufferHelper() = default;

BufferHelper::BufferHelper(BufferHelper &&other)
{
    *this = std::move(other);
}

BufferHelper &BufferHelper::operator=(BufferHelper &&other)
{
    ReadWriteResource::operator=(std::move(other));

    mSuballocation        = std::move(other.mSuballocation);
    mBufferForVertexArray = std::move(other.mBufferForVertexArray);

    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = other.mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex;
    mCurrentWriteAccess      = other.mCurrentWriteAccess;
    mCurrentReadAccess       = other.mCurrentReadAccess;
    mCurrentWriteStages      = other.mCurrentWriteStages;
    mCurrentReadStages       = other.mCurrentReadStages;
    mSerial                  = other.mSerial;

    return *this;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::init(Context *context,
                                 const VkBufferCreateInfo &requestedCreateInfo,
                                 VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags)
{
    RendererVk *renderer       = context->getRenderer();
    const Allocator &allocator = renderer->getAllocator();

    initializeBarrierTracker(context);

    VkBufferCreateInfo modifiedCreateInfo;
    const VkBufferCreateInfo *createInfo = &requestedCreateInfo;

    if (renderer->getFeatures().padBuffersToMaxVertexAttribStride.enabled)
    {
        const VkDeviceSize maxVertexAttribStride = renderer->getMaxVertexAttribStride();
        ASSERT(maxVertexAttribStride);
        modifiedCreateInfo = requestedCreateInfo;
        modifiedCreateInfo.size += maxVertexAttribStride;
        createInfo = &modifiedCreateInfo;
    }

    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags =
        (memoryPropertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT);
    VkMemoryPropertyFlags preferredFlags =
        (memoryPropertyFlags & (~VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT));

    bool persistentlyMapped = renderer->getFeatures().persistentlyMappedBuffers.enabled;

    // Check that the allocation is not too large.
    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = kInvalidMemoryTypeIndex;
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, allocator.findMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(
                              *createInfo, requiredFlags, preferredFlags, persistentlyMapped,
                              &memoryTypeIndex));

    VkDeviceSize heapSize =
        renderer->getMemoryProperties().getHeapSizeForMemoryType(memoryTypeIndex);

    ANGLE_VK_CHECK(context, createInfo->size <= heapSize, VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY);

    // Allocate buffer object
    DeviceScoped<Buffer> buffer(renderer->getDevice());
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, buffer.get().init(context->getDevice(), *createInfo));

    DeviceScoped<DeviceMemory> deviceMemory(renderer->getDevice());
    VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlagsOut;
    VkDeviceSize sizeOut;
    ANGLE_TRY(AllocateBufferMemory(context, requiredFlags, &memoryPropertyFlagsOut, nullptr,
                                   &buffer.get(), &deviceMemory.get(), &sizeOut));
    ASSERT(sizeOut >= createInfo->size);

    mSuballocation.initWithEntireBuffer(context, buffer.get(), deviceMemory.get(),
                                        memoryPropertyFlagsOut, requestedCreateInfo.size);

    if (isHostVisible())
    {
        uint8_t *ptrOut;
        ANGLE_TRY(map(context, &ptrOut));
    }

    if (renderer->getFeatures().allocateNonZeroMemory.enabled)
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(initializeNonZeroMemory(context, createInfo->usage, createInfo->size));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::initExternal(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                         VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryProperties,
                                         const VkBufferCreateInfo &requestedCreateInfo,
                                         GLeglClientBufferEXT clientBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(IsAndroid());

    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    initializeBarrierTracker(contextVk);

    VkBufferCreateInfo modifiedCreateInfo             = requestedCreateInfo;
    VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo externCreateInfo = {};
    externCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    externCreateInfo.handleTypes =
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID;
    externCreateInfo.pNext   = nullptr;
    modifiedCreateInfo.pNext = &externCreateInfo;

    DeviceScoped<Buffer> buffer(renderer->getDevice());
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, buffer.get().init(renderer->getDevice(), modifiedCreateInfo));

    DeviceScoped<DeviceMemory> deviceMemory(renderer->getDevice());
    VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlagsOut;
    ANGLE_TRY(InitAndroidExternalMemory(contextVk, clientBuffer, memoryProperties, &buffer.get(),
                                        &memoryPropertyFlagsOut, &deviceMemory.get()));

    mSuballocation.initWithEntireBuffer(contextVk, buffer.get(), deviceMemory.get(),
                                        memoryPropertyFlagsOut, requestedCreateInfo.size);

    if (isHostVisible())
    {
        uint8_t *ptrOut;
        ANGLE_TRY(map(contextVk, &ptrOut));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::initSuballocation(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,
                                              size_t size,
                                              size_t alignment)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    // We should reset these in case the BufferHelper object has been released and called
    // initSuballocation again.
    initializeBarrierTracker(contextVk);

    if (renderer->getFeatures().padBuffersToMaxVertexAttribStride.enabled)
    {
        const VkDeviceSize maxVertexAttribStride = renderer->getMaxVertexAttribStride();
        ASSERT(maxVertexAttribStride);
        size += maxVertexAttribStride;
    }

    vk::BufferPool *pool = contextVk->getDefaultBufferPool(size, memoryTypeIndex);
    ANGLE_TRY(pool->allocateBuffer(contextVk, size, alignment, &mSuballocation));

    if (renderer->getFeatures().allocateNonZeroMemory.enabled)
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(initializeNonZeroMemory(contextVk, GetDefaultBufferUsageFlags(renderer), size));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::allocateForCopyBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                  size_t size,
                                                  MemoryCoherency coherency)
{
    RendererVk *renderer     = contextVk->getRenderer();
    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = renderer->getStagingBufferMemoryTypeIndex(coherency);
    size_t alignment         = renderer->getStagingBufferAlignment();
    return initSuballocation(contextVk, memoryTypeIndex, size, alignment);
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::allocateForVertexConversion(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                        size_t size,
                                                        MemoryHostVisibility hostVisibility)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    if (valid())
    {
        // If size is big enough and it is idle, then just reuse the existing buffer.
        if (size <= getSize() &&
            (hostVisibility == MemoryHostVisibility::Visible) == isHostVisible())
        {
            if (!isCurrentlyInUse(contextVk->getLastCompletedQueueSerial()))
            {
                initializeBarrierTracker(contextVk);
                return angle::Result::Continue;
            }
            else if (hostVisibility == MemoryHostVisibility::NonVisible)
            {
                // For device local buffer, we can reuse the buffer even if it is still GPU busy.
                // The memory barrier should take care of this.
                return angle::Result::Continue;
            }
        }

        release(renderer);
    }

    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = renderer->getVertexConversionBufferMemoryTypeIndex(hostVisibility);
    size_t alignment         = static_cast<size_t>(renderer->getVertexConversionBufferAlignment());

    // The size is retrieved and used in descriptor set. The descriptor set wants aligned size,
    // otherwise there are test failures. Note that underline VMA allocation always allocate aligned
    // size anyway.
    size_t sizeToAllocate = roundUp(size, alignment);

    return initSuballocation(contextVk, memoryTypeIndex, sizeToAllocate, alignment);
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::allocateForCopyImage(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 size_t size,
                                                 MemoryCoherency coherency,
                                                 angle::FormatID formatId,
                                                 VkDeviceSize *offset,
                                                 uint8_t **dataPtr)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    // When a buffer is used in copyImage, the offset must be multiple of pixel bytes. This may
    // result in non-power of two alignment. VMA's virtual allocator can not handle non-power of two
    // alignment. We have to adjust offset manually.
    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex  = renderer->getStagingBufferMemoryTypeIndex(coherency);
    size_t imageCopyAlignment = GetImageCopyBufferAlignment(formatId);

    // Add extra padding for potential offset alignment
    size_t allocationSize   = size + imageCopyAlignment;
    allocationSize          = roundUp(allocationSize, imageCopyAlignment);
    size_t stagingAlignment = static_cast<size_t>(renderer->getStagingBufferAlignment());

    ANGLE_TRY(initSuballocation(contextVk, memoryTypeIndex, allocationSize, stagingAlignment));

    *offset  = roundUp(getOffset(), static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(imageCopyAlignment));
    *dataPtr = getMappedMemory() + (*offset) - getOffset();

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

ANGLE_INLINE void BufferHelper::initializeBarrierTracker(Context *context)
{
    RendererVk *renderer     = context->getRenderer();
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = renderer->getQueueFamilyIndex();
    mSerial                  = renderer->getResourceSerialFactory().generateBufferSerial();
    mCurrentWriteAccess      = 0;
    mCurrentReadAccess       = 0;
    mCurrentWriteStages      = 0;
    mCurrentReadStages       = 0;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::initializeNonZeroMemory(Context *context,
                                                    VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                                                    VkDeviceSize size)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();

    // This memory can't be mapped, so the buffer must be marked as a transfer destination so we
    // can use a staging resource to initialize it to a non-zero value. If the memory is
    // mappable we do the initialization in AllocateBufferMemory.
    if (!isHostVisible() && (usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT) != 0)
    {
        ASSERT((usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT) != 0);
        // Staging buffer memory is non-zero-initialized in 'init'.
        StagingBuffer stagingBuffer;
        ANGLE_TRY(stagingBuffer.init(context, size, StagingUsage::Both));

        PrimaryCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
        ANGLE_TRY(renderer->getCommandBufferOneOff(context, false, &commandBuffer));

        // Queue a DMA copy.
        VkBufferCopy copyRegion = {};
        copyRegion.srcOffset    = 0;
        copyRegion.dstOffset    = 0;
        copyRegion.size         = size;

        commandBuffer.copyBuffer(stagingBuffer.getBuffer(), getBuffer(), 1, &copyRegion);

        ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, commandBuffer.end());

        Serial serial;
        ANGLE_TRY(renderer->queueSubmitOneOff(context, std::move(commandBuffer), false,
                                              egl::ContextPriority::Medium, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
                                              vk::SubmitPolicy::AllowDeferred, &serial));

        stagingBuffer.collectGarbage(renderer, serial);
        // Update both SharedResourceUse objects, since mReadOnlyUse tracks when the buffer can be
        // destroyed, and mReadWriteUse tracks when the write has completed.
        mReadOnlyUse.updateSerialOneOff(serial);
        mReadWriteUse.updateSerialOneOff(serial);
    }
    else if (isHostVisible())
    {
        // Can map the memory.
        // Pick an arbitrary value to initialize non-zero memory for sanitization.
        constexpr int kNonZeroInitValue = 55;
        uint8_t *mapPointer             = mSuballocation.getMappedMemory();
        memset(mapPointer, kNonZeroInitValue, static_cast<size_t>(getSize()));
        if (!isCoherent())
        {
            mSuballocation.flush(renderer->getDevice());
        }
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

const Buffer &BufferHelper::getBufferForVertexArray(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                    VkDeviceSize actualDataSize,
                                                    VkDeviceSize *offsetOut)
{
    ASSERT(mSuballocation.valid());
    ASSERT(actualDataSize <= mSuballocation.getSize());

    if (!contextVk->isRobustResourceInitEnabled() || !mSuballocation.isSuballocated())
    {
        *offsetOut = mSuballocation.getOffset();
        return mSuballocation.getBuffer();
    }

    if (!mBufferForVertexArray.valid())
    {
        // Allocate buffer that is backed by sub-range of the memory for vertex array usage. This is
        // only needed when robust resource init is enabled so that vulkan driver will know the
        // exact size of the vertex buffer it is supposedly to use and prevent out of bound access.
        VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo    = {};
        createInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.flags                 = 0;
        createInfo.size                  = actualDataSize;
        createInfo.usage                 = kVertexBufferUsageFlags | kIndexBufferUsageFlags;
        createInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;
        mBufferForVertexArray.init(contextVk->getDevice(), createInfo);

        VkMemoryRequirements memoryRequirements;
        mBufferForVertexArray.getMemoryRequirements(contextVk->getDevice(), &memoryRequirements);
        ASSERT(contextVk->getRenderer()->isMockICDEnabled() ||
               mSuballocation.getSize() >= memoryRequirements.size);
        ASSERT(!contextVk->getRenderer()->isMockICDEnabled() ||
               mSuballocation.getOffset() % memoryRequirements.alignment == 0);

        mBufferForVertexArray.bindMemory(contextVk->getDevice(), mSuballocation.getDeviceMemory(),
                                         mSuballocation.getOffset());
    }
    *offsetOut = 0;
    return mBufferForVertexArray;
}

void BufferHelper::destroy(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    unmap(renderer);
    mBufferForVertexArray.destroy(renderer->getDevice());
    mSuballocation.destroy(renderer);
}

void BufferHelper::release(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    unmap(renderer);

    if (mSuballocation.valid())
    {
        if (mReadOnlyUse.isCurrentlyInUse(renderer->getLastCompletedQueueSerial()))
        {
            renderer->collectSuballocationGarbage(std::move(mReadOnlyUse),
                                                  std::move(mSuballocation),
                                                  std::move(mBufferForVertexArray));
            mReadOnlyUse.init();
        }
        else
        {
            mBufferForVertexArray.destroy(renderer->getDevice());
            mSuballocation.destroy(renderer);
        }

        if (mReadWriteUse.isCurrentlyInUse(renderer->getLastCompletedQueueSerial()))
        {
            mReadWriteUse.release();
            mReadWriteUse.init();
        }
    }
    ASSERT(!mBufferForVertexArray.valid());
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::copyFromBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                           BufferHelper *srcBuffer,
                                           uint32_t regionCount,
                                           const VkBufferCopy *copyRegions)
{
    // Check for self-dependency.
    vk::CommandBufferAccess access;
    if (srcBuffer->getBufferSerial() == getBufferSerial())
    {
        access.onBufferSelfCopy(this);
    }
    else
    {
        access.onBufferTransferRead(srcBuffer);
        access.onBufferTransferWrite(this);
    }

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    commandBuffer->copyBuffer(srcBuffer->getBuffer(), getBuffer(), regionCount, copyRegions);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::map(Context *context, uint8_t **ptrOut)
{
    if (!mSuballocation.isMapped())
    {
        ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mSuballocation.map(context));
    }
    *ptrOut = mSuballocation.getMappedMemory();
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::mapWithOffset(ContextVk *contextVk, uint8_t **ptrOut, size_t offset)
{
    uint8_t *mapBufPointer;
    ANGLE_TRY(map(contextVk, &mapBufPointer));
    *ptrOut = mapBufPointer + offset;
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::flush(RendererVk *renderer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
{
    mSuballocation.flush(renderer->getDevice());
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}
angle::Result BufferHelper::flush(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    return flush(renderer, 0, getSize());
}

angle::Result BufferHelper::invalidate(RendererVk *renderer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
{
    mSuballocation.invalidate(renderer->getDevice());
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}
angle::Result BufferHelper::invalidate(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    return invalidate(renderer, 0, getSize());
}

void BufferHelper::changeQueue(uint32_t newQueueFamilyIndex,
                               OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    VkBufferMemoryBarrier bufferMemoryBarrier = {};
    bufferMemoryBarrier.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    bufferMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask         = 0;
    bufferMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask         = 0;
    bufferMemoryBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex   = mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex;
    bufferMemoryBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex   = newQueueFamilyIndex;
    bufferMemoryBarrier.buffer                = getBuffer().getHandle();
    bufferMemoryBarrier.offset                = getOffset();
    bufferMemoryBarrier.size                  = getSize();

    commandBuffer->bufferBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
                                 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, &bufferMemoryBarrier);

    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = newQueueFamilyIndex;
}

void BufferHelper::acquireFromExternal(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                       uint32_t externalQueueFamilyIndex,
                                       uint32_t rendererQueueFamilyIndex,
                                       OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = externalQueueFamilyIndex;

    retainReadWrite(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    changeQueue(rendererQueueFamilyIndex, commandBuffer);
}

void BufferHelper::releaseToExternal(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                     uint32_t rendererQueueFamilyIndex,
                                     uint32_t externalQueueFamilyIndex,
                                     OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex == rendererQueueFamilyIndex);

    retainReadWrite(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    changeQueue(externalQueueFamilyIndex, commandBuffer);
}

bool BufferHelper::isReleasedToExternal() const
{
#if !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_MACOS) && !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_ANDROID)
    return IsExternalQueueFamily(mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex);
#else
    // TODO(anglebug.com/4635): Implement external memory barriers on Mac/Android.
    return false;
#endif
}

bool BufferHelper::recordReadBarrier(VkAccessFlags readAccessType,
                                     VkPipelineStageFlags readStage,
                                     PipelineBarrier *barrier)
{
    bool barrierModified = false;
    // If there was a prior write and we are making a read that is either a new access type or from
    // a new stage, we need a barrier
    if (mCurrentWriteAccess != 0 && (((mCurrentReadAccess & readAccessType) != readAccessType) ||
                                     ((mCurrentReadStages & readStage) != readStage)))
    {
        barrier->mergeMemoryBarrier(mCurrentWriteStages, readStage, mCurrentWriteAccess,
                                    readAccessType);
        barrierModified = true;
    }

    // Accumulate new read usage.
    mCurrentReadAccess |= readAccessType;
    mCurrentReadStages |= readStage;
    return barrierModified;
}

bool BufferHelper::recordWriteBarrier(VkAccessFlags writeAccessType,
                                      VkPipelineStageFlags writeStage,
                                      PipelineBarrier *barrier)
{
    bool barrierModified = false;
    // We don't need to check mCurrentReadStages here since if it is not zero, mCurrentReadAccess
    // must not be zero as well. stage is finer grain than accessType.
    ASSERT((!mCurrentReadStages && !mCurrentReadAccess) ||
           (mCurrentReadStages && mCurrentReadAccess));
    if (mCurrentReadAccess != 0 || mCurrentWriteAccess != 0)
    {
        VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask = mCurrentWriteStages | mCurrentReadStages;
        barrier->mergeMemoryBarrier(srcStageMask, writeStage, mCurrentWriteAccess, writeAccessType);
        barrierModified = true;
    }

    // Reset usages on the new write.
    mCurrentWriteAccess = writeAccessType;
    mCurrentReadAccess  = 0;
    mCurrentWriteStages = writeStage;
    mCurrentReadStages  = 0;
    return barrierModified;
}

void BufferHelper::fillWithColor(const angle::Color<uint8_t> &color,
                                 const gl::InternalFormat &internalFormat)
{
    uint32_t count =
        static_cast<uint32_t>(getSize()) / static_cast<uint32_t>(internalFormat.pixelBytes);
    void *buffer = static_cast<void *>(getMappedMemory());

    switch (internalFormat.internalFormat)
    {
        case GL_RGB565:
        {
            uint16_t pixelColor =
                ((color.blue & 0xF8) << 11) | ((color.green & 0xFC) << 5) | (color.red & 0xF8);
            uint16_t *pixelPtr = static_cast<uint16_t *>(buffer);
            std::fill_n<uint16_t *, uint32_t, uint16_t>(pixelPtr, count, pixelColor);
        }
        break;
        case GL_RGBA8:
        {
            uint32_t pixelColor =
                (color.alpha << 24) | (color.blue << 16) | (color.green << 8) | (color.red);
            uint32_t *pixelPtr = static_cast<uint32_t *>(buffer);
            std::fill_n<uint32_t *, uint32_t, uint32_t>(pixelPtr, count, pixelColor);
        }
        break;
        case GL_BGR565_ANGLEX:
        {
            uint16_t pixelColor =
                ((color.red & 0xF8) << 11) | ((color.green & 0xFC) << 5) | (color.blue & 0xF8);
            uint16_t *pixelPtr = static_cast<uint16_t *>(buffer);
            std::fill_n<uint16_t *, uint32_t, uint16_t>(pixelPtr, count, pixelColor);
        }
        break;
        case GL_BGRA8_EXT:
        {
            uint32_t pixelColor =
                (color.alpha << 24) | (color.red << 16) | (color.green << 8) | (color.blue);
            uint32_t *pixelPtr = static_cast<uint32_t *>(buffer);
            std::fill_n<uint32_t *, uint32_t, uint32_t>(pixelPtr, count, pixelColor);
        }
        break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();  // Unsupported format
    }
}

// ImageHelper implementation.
ImageHelper::ImageHelper()
{
    resetCachedProperties();
}

ImageHelper::ImageHelper(ImageHelper &&other)
    : Resource(std::move(other)),
      mImage(std::move(other.mImage)),
      mDeviceMemory(std::move(other.mDeviceMemory)),
      mImageType(other.mImageType),
      mTilingMode(other.mTilingMode),
      mCreateFlags(other.mCreateFlags),
      mUsage(other.mUsage),
      mExtents(other.mExtents),
      mRotatedAspectRatio(other.mRotatedAspectRatio),
      mIntendedFormatID(other.mIntendedFormatID),
      mActualFormatID(other.mActualFormatID),
      mSamples(other.mSamples),
      mImageSerial(other.mImageSerial),
      mCurrentLayout(other.mCurrentLayout),
      mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex(other.mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex),
      mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout(other.mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout),
      mCurrentShaderReadStageMask(other.mCurrentShaderReadStageMask),
      mYcbcrConversionDesc(other.mYcbcrConversionDesc),
      mFirstAllocatedLevel(other.mFirstAllocatedLevel),
      mLayerCount(other.mLayerCount),
      mLevelCount(other.mLevelCount),
      mSubresourceUpdates(std::move(other.mSubresourceUpdates)),
      mCurrentSingleClearValue(std::move(other.mCurrentSingleClearValue)),
      mContentDefined(std::move(other.mContentDefined)),
      mStencilContentDefined(std::move(other.mStencilContentDefined)),
      mImageAndViewGarbage(std::move(other.mImageAndViewGarbage))
{
    ASSERT(this != &other);
    other.resetCachedProperties();
}

ImageHelper::~ImageHelper()
{
    ASSERT(!valid());
}

void ImageHelper::resetCachedProperties()
{
    mImageType                   = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    mTilingMode                  = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    mCreateFlags                 = kVkImageCreateFlagsNone;
    mUsage                       = 0;
    mExtents                     = {};
    mRotatedAspectRatio          = false;
    mIntendedFormatID            = angle::FormatID::NONE;
    mActualFormatID              = angle::FormatID::NONE;
    mSamples                     = 1;
    mImageSerial                 = kInvalidImageSerial;
    mCurrentLayout               = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex     = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = 0;
    mFirstAllocatedLevel         = gl::LevelIndex(0);
    mLayerCount                  = 0;
    mLevelCount                  = 0;
    mYcbcrConversionDesc.reset();
    mCurrentSingleClearValue.reset();
    mRenderPassUsageFlags.reset();

    setEntireContentUndefined();
}

void ImageHelper::setEntireContentDefined()
{
    for (LevelContentDefinedMask &levelContentDefined : mContentDefined)
    {
        levelContentDefined.set();
    }
    for (LevelContentDefinedMask &levelContentDefined : mStencilContentDefined)
    {
        levelContentDefined.set();
    }
}

void ImageHelper::setEntireContentUndefined()
{
    for (LevelContentDefinedMask &levelContentDefined : mContentDefined)
    {
        levelContentDefined.reset();
    }
    for (LevelContentDefinedMask &levelContentDefined : mStencilContentDefined)
    {
        levelContentDefined.reset();
    }

    // Note: this function is only called during init/release, so unlike
    // invalidateSubresourceContentImpl, it doesn't attempt to make sure emulated formats have a
    // clear staged.
}

void ImageHelper::setContentDefined(LevelIndex levelStart,
                                    uint32_t levelCount,
                                    uint32_t layerStart,
                                    uint32_t layerCount,
                                    VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags)
{
    // Mark the range as defined.  Layers above 8 are discarded, and are always assumed to have
    // defined contents.
    if (layerStart >= kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount)
    {
        return;
    }

    uint8_t layerRangeBits =
        GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(layerStart, layerCount, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount);

    for (uint32_t levelOffset = 0; levelOffset < levelCount; ++levelOffset)
    {
        LevelIndex level = levelStart + levelOffset;

        if ((aspectFlags & ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0)
        {
            getLevelContentDefined(level) |= layerRangeBits;
        }
        if ((aspectFlags & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0)
        {
            getLevelStencilContentDefined(level) |= layerRangeBits;
        }
    }
}

ImageHelper::LevelContentDefinedMask &ImageHelper::getLevelContentDefined(LevelIndex level)
{
    return mContentDefined[level.get()];
}

ImageHelper::LevelContentDefinedMask &ImageHelper::getLevelStencilContentDefined(LevelIndex level)
{
    return mStencilContentDefined[level.get()];
}

const ImageHelper::LevelContentDefinedMask &ImageHelper::getLevelContentDefined(
    LevelIndex level) const
{
    return mContentDefined[level.get()];
}

const ImageHelper::LevelContentDefinedMask &ImageHelper::getLevelStencilContentDefined(
    LevelIndex level) const
{
    return mStencilContentDefined[level.get()];
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::init(Context *context,
                                gl::TextureType textureType,
                                const VkExtent3D &extents,
                                const Format &format,
                                GLint samples,
                                VkImageUsageFlags usage,
                                gl::LevelIndex firstLevel,
                                uint32_t mipLevels,
                                uint32_t layerCount,
                                bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled,
                                bool hasProtectedContent)
{
    return initExternal(context, textureType, extents, format.getIntendedFormatID(),
                        format.getActualRenderableImageFormatID(), samples, usage,
                        kVkImageCreateFlagsNone, ImageLayout::Undefined, nullptr, firstLevel,
                        mipLevels, layerCount, isRobustResourceInitEnabled, hasProtectedContent);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initMSAASwapchain(Context *context,
                                             gl::TextureType textureType,
                                             const VkExtent3D &extents,
                                             bool rotatedAspectRatio,
                                             const Format &format,
                                             GLint samples,
                                             VkImageUsageFlags usage,
                                             gl::LevelIndex firstLevel,
                                             uint32_t mipLevels,
                                             uint32_t layerCount,
                                             bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled,
                                             bool hasProtectedContent)
{
    ANGLE_TRY(initExternal(context, textureType, extents, format.getIntendedFormatID(),
                           format.getActualRenderableImageFormatID(), samples, usage,
                           kVkImageCreateFlagsNone, ImageLayout::Undefined, nullptr, firstLevel,
                           mipLevels, layerCount, isRobustResourceInitEnabled,
                           hasProtectedContent));
    if (rotatedAspectRatio)
    {
        std::swap(mExtents.width, mExtents.height);
    }
    mRotatedAspectRatio = rotatedAspectRatio;
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initExternal(Context *context,
                                        gl::TextureType textureType,
                                        const VkExtent3D &extents,
                                        angle::FormatID intendedFormatID,
                                        angle::FormatID actualFormatID,
                                        GLint samples,
                                        VkImageUsageFlags usage,
                                        VkImageCreateFlags additionalCreateFlags,
                                        ImageLayout initialLayout,
                                        const void *externalImageCreateInfo,
                                        gl::LevelIndex firstLevel,
                                        uint32_t mipLevels,
                                        uint32_t layerCount,
                                        bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled,
                                        bool hasProtectedContent)
{
    ASSERT(!valid());
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mContentDefined));
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mStencilContentDefined));

    RendererVk *rendererVk = context->getRenderer();

    mImageType           = gl_vk::GetImageType(textureType);
    mExtents             = extents;
    mRotatedAspectRatio  = false;
    mIntendedFormatID    = intendedFormatID;
    mActualFormatID      = actualFormatID;
    mSamples             = std::max(samples, 1);
    mImageSerial         = context->getRenderer()->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageSerial();
    mFirstAllocatedLevel = firstLevel;
    mLevelCount          = mipLevels;
    mLayerCount          = layerCount;
    mCreateFlags         = GetImageCreateFlags(textureType) | additionalCreateFlags;
    mUsage               = usage;

    // Validate that mLayerCount is compatible with the texture type
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::_3D || mLayerCount == 1);
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::_2DArray || mExtents.depth == 1);
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::External || mLayerCount == 1);
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::Rectangle || mLayerCount == 1);
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::CubeMap || mLayerCount == gl::kCubeFaceCount);
    ASSERT(textureType != gl::TextureType::CubeMapArray || mLayerCount % gl::kCubeFaceCount == 0);

    // If externalImageCreateInfo is provided, use that directly.  Otherwise derive the necessary
    // pNext chain.
    const void *imageCreateInfoPNext = externalImageCreateInfo;
    VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR imageFormatListInfoStorage;
    ImageListFormats imageListFormatsStorage;

    if (externalImageCreateInfo == nullptr)
    {
        imageCreateInfoPNext =
            DeriveCreateInfoPNext(context, actualFormatID, nullptr, &imageFormatListInfoStorage,
                                  &imageListFormatsStorage, &mCreateFlags);
    }
    else
    {
        // Derive the tiling for external images.
        deriveExternalImageTiling(externalImageCreateInfo);
    }

    mYcbcrConversionDesc.reset();

    const angle::Format &actualFormat = angle::Format::Get(actualFormatID);
    VkFormat actualVkFormat           = GetVkFormatFromFormatID(actualFormatID);

    if (actualFormat.isYUV)
    {
        // The Vulkan spec states: If sampler is used and the VkFormat of the image is a
        // multi-planar format, the image must have been created with
        // VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT
        mCreateFlags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;

        // The Vulkan spec states: The potential format features of the sampler YCBCR conversion
        // must support VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT or
        // VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT
        constexpr VkFormatFeatureFlags kChromaSubSampleFeatureBits =
            VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT |
            VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT;

        VkFormatFeatureFlags supportedChromaSubSampleFeatureBits =
            rendererVk->getImageFormatFeatureBits(mActualFormatID, kChromaSubSampleFeatureBits);

        VkChromaLocation supportedLocation = ((supportedChromaSubSampleFeatureBits &
                                               VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT) != 0)
                                                 ? VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN
                                                 : VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT;
        VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion conversionModel = VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601;
        VkSamplerYcbcrRange colorRange                = VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW;
        VkFilter chromaFilter                         = VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
        VkComponentMapping components                 = {
            VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
            VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
            VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
            VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
        };

        // Create the VkSamplerYcbcrConversion to associate with image views and samplers
        // Update the SamplerYcbcrConversionCache key
        mYcbcrConversionDesc.update(rendererVk, 0, conversionModel, colorRange, supportedLocation,
                                    supportedLocation, chromaFilter, components, intendedFormatID);
    }

    if (hasProtectedContent)
    {
        mCreateFlags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT;
    }

    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo     = {};
    imageInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageInfo.pNext                 = imageCreateInfoPNext;
    imageInfo.flags                 = mCreateFlags;
    imageInfo.imageType             = mImageType;
    imageInfo.format                = actualVkFormat;
    imageInfo.extent                = mExtents;
    imageInfo.mipLevels             = mLevelCount;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers           = mLayerCount;
    imageInfo.samples               = gl_vk::GetSamples(mSamples);
    imageInfo.tiling                = mTilingMode;
    imageInfo.usage                 = mUsage;
    imageInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    imageInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;
    imageInfo.initialLayout         = ConvertImageLayoutToVkImageLayout(initialLayout);

    mCurrentLayout = initialLayout;

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mImage.init(context->getDevice(), imageInfo));

    mVkImageCreateInfo               = imageInfo;
    mVkImageCreateInfo.pNext         = nullptr;
    mVkImageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

    stageClearIfEmulatedFormat(isRobustResourceInitEnabled, externalImageCreateInfo != nullptr);

    // Consider the contents defined for any image that has the PREINITIALIZED layout, or is
    // imported from external.
    if (initialLayout != ImageLayout::Undefined || externalImageCreateInfo != nullptr)
    {
        setEntireContentDefined();
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

const void *ImageHelper::DeriveCreateInfoPNext(
    Context *context,
    angle::FormatID actualFormatID,
    const void *pNext,
    VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR *imageFormatListInfoStorage,
    std::array<VkFormat, kImageListFormatCount> *imageListFormatsStorage,
    VkImageCreateFlags *createFlagsOut)
{
    // With the introduction of sRGB related GLES extensions any sample/render target could be
    // respecified causing it to be interpreted in a different colorspace.  Create the VkImage
    // accordingly.
    RendererVk *rendererVk            = context->getRenderer();
    const angle::Format &actualFormat = angle::Format::Get(actualFormatID);
    angle::FormatID additionalFormat =
        actualFormat.isSRGB ? ConvertToLinear(actualFormatID) : ConvertToSRGB(actualFormatID);
    (*imageListFormatsStorage)[0] = vk::GetVkFormatFromFormatID(actualFormatID);
    (*imageListFormatsStorage)[1] = vk::GetVkFormatFromFormatID(additionalFormat);

    if (rendererVk->getFeatures().supportsImageFormatList.enabled &&
        rendererVk->haveSameFormatFeatureBits(actualFormatID, additionalFormat))
    {
        // Add VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT to VkImage create flag
        *createFlagsOut |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;

        // There is just 1 additional format we might use to create a VkImageView for this
        // VkImage
        imageFormatListInfoStorage->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
        imageFormatListInfoStorage->pNext = pNext;
        imageFormatListInfoStorage->viewFormatCount = kImageListFormatCount;
        imageFormatListInfoStorage->pViewFormats    = imageListFormatsStorage->data();

        pNext = imageFormatListInfoStorage;
    }

    return pNext;
}

void ImageHelper::deriveExternalImageTiling(const void *createInfoChain)
{
    const VkBaseInStructure *chain = reinterpret_cast<const VkBaseInStructure *>(createInfoChain);
    while (chain != nullptr)
    {
        if (chain->sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_LIST_CREATE_INFO_EXT ||
            chain->sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXPLICIT_CREATE_INFO_EXT)
        {
            mTilingMode = VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT;
            return;
        }

        chain = reinterpret_cast<const VkBaseInStructure *>(chain->pNext);
    }
}

void ImageHelper::releaseImage(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    CollectGarbage(&mImageAndViewGarbage, &mImage, &mDeviceMemory);
    // Notify us if the application pattern causes the views to keep getting reallocated and create
    // infinite garbage
    ASSERT(mImageAndViewGarbage.size() <= 1000);
    releaseImageAndViewGarbage(renderer);
    setEntireContentUndefined();
}

void ImageHelper::releaseImageFromShareContexts(RendererVk *renderer, ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    if (contextVk && mImageSerial.valid())
    {
        const ContextVkSet &shareContextSet = contextVk->getShareGroupVk()->getContexts();
        for (ContextVk *ctx : shareContextSet)
        {
            ctx->finalizeImageLayout(this);
        }
    }

    releaseImage(renderer);
}

void ImageHelper::collectViewGarbage(RendererVk *renderer, vk::ImageViewHelper *imageView)
{
    imageView->release(renderer, mImageAndViewGarbage);
    // If we do not have any ImageHelper::mUse retained in ResourceUseList, make a cloned copy of
    // ImageHelper::mUse and use it to free any garbage in mImageAndViewGarbage immediately.
    if (!mUse.usedInRecordedCommands() && !mImageAndViewGarbage.empty())
    {
        // clone ImageHelper::mUse
        rx::vk::SharedResourceUse clonedmUse;
        clonedmUse.init();
        clonedmUse.updateSerialOneOff(mUse.getSerial());
        renderer->collectGarbage(std::move(clonedmUse), std::move(mImageAndViewGarbage));
    }
    ASSERT(mImageAndViewGarbage.size() <= 1000);
}

void ImageHelper::releaseStagedUpdates(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    // Remove updates that never made it to the texture.
    for (std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &levelUpdates : mSubresourceUpdates)
    {
        for (SubresourceUpdate &update : levelUpdates)
        {
            update.release(renderer);
        }
    }

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    mSubresourceUpdates.clear();
    mCurrentSingleClearValue.reset();
}

void ImageHelper::resetImageWeakReference()
{
    mImage.reset();
    mImageSerial        = kInvalidImageSerial;
    mRotatedAspectRatio = false;
}

void ImageHelper::releaseImageAndViewGarbage(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    if (!mImageAndViewGarbage.empty())
    {
        renderer->collectGarbage(std::move(mUse), std::move(mImageAndViewGarbage));
    }
    else
    {
        mUse.release();
    }
    mUse.init();
    mImageSerial = kInvalidImageSerial;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initializeNonZeroMemory(Context *context,
                                                   bool hasProtectedContent,
                                                   VkDeviceSize size)
{
    const angle::Format &angleFormat = getActualFormat();
    bool isCompressedFormat          = angleFormat.isBlock;

    if (angleFormat.isYUV)
    {
        // VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-01545
        // vkCmdClearColorImage(): format must not be one of the formats requiring sampler YCBCR
        // conversion for VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT image views
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();

    PrimaryCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(renderer->getCommandBufferOneOff(context, hasProtectedContent, &commandBuffer));

    // Queue a DMA copy.
    barrierImpl(context, getAspectFlags(), ImageLayout::TransferDst, mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex,
                &commandBuffer);

    StagingBuffer stagingBuffer;

    if (isCompressedFormat)
    {
        // If format is compressed, set its contents through buffer copies.

        // The staging buffer memory is non-zero-initialized in 'init'.
        ANGLE_TRY(stagingBuffer.init(context, size, StagingUsage::Write));

        for (LevelIndex level(0); level < LevelIndex(mLevelCount); ++level)
        {
            VkBufferImageCopy copyRegion = {};

            gl_vk::GetExtent(getLevelExtents(level), &copyRegion.imageExtent);
            copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = getAspectFlags();
            copyRegion.imageSubresource.layerCount = mLayerCount;

            // If image has depth and stencil, copy to each individually per Vulkan spec.
            bool hasBothDepthAndStencil = isCombinedDepthStencilFormat();
            if (hasBothDepthAndStencil)
            {
                copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
            }

            commandBuffer.copyBufferToImage(stagingBuffer.getBuffer().getHandle(), mImage,
                                            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &copyRegion);

            if (hasBothDepthAndStencil)
            {
                copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;

                commandBuffer.copyBufferToImage(stagingBuffer.getBuffer().getHandle(), mImage,
                                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1,
                                                &copyRegion);
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Otherwise issue clear commands.
        VkImageSubresourceRange subresource = {};
        subresource.aspectMask              = getAspectFlags();
        subresource.baseMipLevel            = 0;
        subresource.levelCount              = mLevelCount;
        subresource.baseArrayLayer          = 0;
        subresource.layerCount              = mLayerCount;

        // Arbitrary value to initialize the memory with.  Note: the given uint value, reinterpreted
        // as float is about 0.7.
        constexpr uint32_t kInitValue   = 0x3F345678;
        constexpr float kInitValueFloat = 0.12345f;

        if ((subresource.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0)
        {
            VkClearColorValue clearValue;
            clearValue.uint32[0] = kInitValue;
            clearValue.uint32[1] = kInitValue;
            clearValue.uint32[2] = kInitValue;
            clearValue.uint32[3] = kInitValue;

            commandBuffer.clearColorImage(mImage, getCurrentLayout(), clearValue, 1, &subresource);
        }
        else
        {
            VkClearDepthStencilValue clearValue;
            clearValue.depth   = kInitValueFloat;
            clearValue.stencil = kInitValue;

            commandBuffer.clearDepthStencilImage(mImage, getCurrentLayout(), clearValue, 1,
                                                 &subresource);
        }
    }

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, commandBuffer.end());

    Serial serial;
    ANGLE_TRY(renderer->queueSubmitOneOff(context, std::move(commandBuffer), hasProtectedContent,
                                          egl::ContextPriority::Medium, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
                                          vk::SubmitPolicy::AllowDeferred, &serial));

    if (isCompressedFormat)
    {
        stagingBuffer.collectGarbage(renderer, serial);
    }
    mUse.updateSerialOneOff(serial);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initMemory(Context *context,
                                      bool hasProtectedContent,
                                      const MemoryProperties &memoryProperties,
                                      VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags)
{
    // TODO(jmadill): Memory sub-allocation. http://anglebug.com/2162
    VkDeviceSize size;
    if (hasProtectedContent)
    {
        flags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT;
    }
    ANGLE_TRY(AllocateImageMemory(context, flags, &flags, nullptr, &mImage, &mDeviceMemory, &size));
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = context->getRenderer()->getQueueFamilyIndex();

    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();
    if (renderer->getFeatures().allocateNonZeroMemory.enabled)
    {
        // Can't map the memory. Use a staging resource.
        if ((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)
        {
            ANGLE_TRY(initializeNonZeroMemory(context, hasProtectedContent, size));
        }
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initExternalMemory(Context *context,
                                              const MemoryProperties &memoryProperties,
                                              const VkMemoryRequirements &memoryRequirements,
                                              uint32_t extraAllocationInfoCount,
                                              const void **extraAllocationInfo,
                                              uint32_t currentQueueFamilyIndex,
                                              VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags)
{
    // Vulkan allows up to 4 memory planes.
    constexpr size_t kMaxMemoryPlanes                                     = 4;
    constexpr VkImageAspectFlagBits kMemoryPlaneAspects[kMaxMemoryPlanes] = {
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_0_BIT_EXT,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_1_BIT_EXT,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_2_BIT_EXT,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_3_BIT_EXT,
    };
    ASSERT(extraAllocationInfoCount <= kMaxMemoryPlanes);

    VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfoKHR bindImagePlaneMemoryInfo = {};
    bindImagePlaneMemoryInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_INFO;

    const VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfoKHR *bindImagePlaneMemoryInfoPtr =
        extraAllocationInfoCount == 1 ? nullptr : &bindImagePlaneMemoryInfo;

    for (uint32_t memoryPlane = 0; memoryPlane < extraAllocationInfoCount; ++memoryPlane)
    {
        bindImagePlaneMemoryInfo.planeAspect = kMemoryPlaneAspects[memoryPlane];

        ANGLE_TRY(AllocateImageMemoryWithRequirements(
            context, flags, memoryRequirements, extraAllocationInfo[memoryPlane],
            bindImagePlaneMemoryInfoPtr, &mImage, &mDeviceMemory));
    }
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = currentQueueFamilyIndex;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initImageView(Context *context,
                                         gl::TextureType textureType,
                                         VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                         const gl::SwizzleState &swizzleMap,
                                         ImageView *imageViewOut,
                                         LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                                         uint32_t levelCount)
{
    return initLayerImageView(context, textureType, aspectMask, swizzleMap, imageViewOut,
                              baseMipLevelVk, levelCount, 0, mLayerCount,
                              gl::SrgbWriteControlMode::Default);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initLayerImageView(Context *context,
                                              gl::TextureType textureType,
                                              VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                              const gl::SwizzleState &swizzleMap,
                                              ImageView *imageViewOut,
                                              LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                                              uint32_t levelCount,
                                              uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                                              uint32_t layerCount,
                                              gl::SrgbWriteControlMode mode) const
{
    angle::FormatID actualFormat = mActualFormatID;

    // If we are initializing an imageview for use with EXT_srgb_write_control, we need to override
    // the format to its linear counterpart. Formats that cannot be reinterpreted are exempt from
    // this requirement.
    if (mode == gl::SrgbWriteControlMode::Linear)
    {
        angle::FormatID linearFormat = ConvertToLinear(actualFormat);
        if (linearFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE)
        {
            actualFormat = linearFormat;
        }
    }

    return initLayerImageViewImpl(context, textureType, aspectMask, swizzleMap, imageViewOut,
                                  baseMipLevelVk, levelCount, baseArrayLayer, layerCount,
                                  GetVkFormatFromFormatID(actualFormat), nullptr, nullptr);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initLayerImageViewWithFormat(Context *context,
                                                        gl::TextureType textureType,
                                                        VkFormat imageFormat,
                                                        VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                                        const gl::SwizzleState &swizzleMap,
                                                        ImageView *imageViewOut,
                                                        LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                                                        uint32_t levelCount,
                                                        uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                                                        uint32_t layerCount,
                                                        const gl::SamplerState &samplerState) const
{
    return initLayerImageViewImpl(context, textureType, aspectMask, swizzleMap, imageViewOut,
                                  baseMipLevelVk, levelCount, baseArrayLayer, layerCount,
                                  imageFormat, nullptr, &samplerState);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initLayerImageViewImpl(
    Context *context,
    gl::TextureType textureType,
    VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
    const gl::SwizzleState &swizzleMap,
    ImageView *imageViewOut,
    LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
    uint32_t levelCount,
    uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
    uint32_t layerCount,
    VkFormat imageFormat,
    const VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo *imageViewUsageCreateInfo,
    const gl::SamplerState *samplerState) const
{
    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
    viewInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewInfo.flags                 = 0;
    viewInfo.image                 = mImage.getHandle();
    viewInfo.viewType              = gl_vk::GetImageViewType(textureType);
    viewInfo.format                = imageFormat;

    if (swizzleMap.swizzleRequired() && !mYcbcrConversionDesc.valid())
    {
        viewInfo.components.r = gl_vk::GetSwizzle(swizzleMap.swizzleRed);
        viewInfo.components.g = gl_vk::GetSwizzle(swizzleMap.swizzleGreen);
        viewInfo.components.b = gl_vk::GetSwizzle(swizzleMap.swizzleBlue);
        viewInfo.components.a = gl_vk::GetSwizzle(swizzleMap.swizzleAlpha);
    }
    else
    {
        viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
    }
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask     = aspectMask;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel   = baseMipLevelVk.get();
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount     = levelCount;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = baseArrayLayer;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount     = layerCount;

    viewInfo.pNext = imageViewUsageCreateInfo;

    VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo yuvConversionInfo = {};
    if (mYcbcrConversionDesc.valid())
    {
        // VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-minFilter VkCreateSampler:
        // VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT
        // specifies that the format can have different chroma, min, and mag filters. However,
        // VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT is
        // not supported for VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED so
        // chromaFilter needs to be equal to minFilter/magFilter.
        if (samplerState && mYcbcrConversionDesc.mIsExternalFormat)
        {
            ASSERT(samplerState->getMinFilter() == samplerState->getMagFilter());
            const_cast<YcbcrConversionDesc &>(mYcbcrConversionDesc).mChromaFilter =
                gl_vk::GetFilter(samplerState->getMinFilter());
        }

        ASSERT((context->getRenderer()->getFeatures().supportsYUVSamplerConversion.enabled));
        yuvConversionInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_INFO;
        yuvConversionInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        ANGLE_TRY(context->getRenderer()->getYuvConversionCache().getSamplerYcbcrConversion(
            context, mYcbcrConversionDesc, &yuvConversionInfo.conversion));
        AddToPNextChain(&viewInfo, &yuvConversionInfo);

        // VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02399
        // If image has an external format, format must be VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED
        if (mYcbcrConversionDesc.mIsExternalFormat)
        {
            viewInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
        }
    }
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, imageViewOut->init(context->getDevice(), viewInfo));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initReinterpretedLayerImageView(Context *context,
                                                           gl::TextureType textureType,
                                                           VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                                           const gl::SwizzleState &swizzleMap,
                                                           ImageView *imageViewOut,
                                                           LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                                                           uint32_t levelCount,
                                                           uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                                                           uint32_t layerCount,
                                                           VkImageUsageFlags imageUsageFlags,
                                                           angle::FormatID imageViewFormat) const
{
    VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo imageViewUsageCreateInfo = {};
    imageViewUsageCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageViewUsageCreateInfo.usage =
        imageUsageFlags & GetMaximalImageUsageFlags(context->getRenderer(), imageViewFormat);

    return initLayerImageViewImpl(context, textureType, aspectMask, swizzleMap, imageViewOut,
                                  baseMipLevelVk, levelCount, baseArrayLayer, layerCount,
                                  vk::GetVkFormatFromFormatID(imageViewFormat),
                                  &imageViewUsageCreateInfo, nullptr);
}

void ImageHelper::destroy(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    // destroy any pending garbage objects (most likely from ImageViewHelper) at this point
    for (GarbageObject &object : mImageAndViewGarbage)
    {
        object.destroy(renderer);
    }

    VkDevice device = renderer->getDevice();

    mImage.destroy(device);
    mDeviceMemory.destroy(device);
    mCurrentLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mImageType     = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    mLayerCount    = 0;
    mLevelCount    = 0;

    setEntireContentUndefined();
}

void ImageHelper::init2DWeakReference(Context *context,
                                      VkImage handle,
                                      const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                      bool rotatedAspectRatio,
                                      angle::FormatID intendedFormatID,
                                      angle::FormatID actualFormatID,
                                      GLint samples,
                                      bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled)
{
    ASSERT(!valid());
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mContentDefined));
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mStencilContentDefined));

    gl_vk::GetExtent(glExtents, &mExtents);
    mRotatedAspectRatio = rotatedAspectRatio;
    mIntendedFormatID   = intendedFormatID;
    mActualFormatID     = actualFormatID;
    mSamples            = std::max(samples, 1);
    mImageSerial        = context->getRenderer()->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageSerial();
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = context->getRenderer()->getQueueFamilyIndex();
    mCurrentLayout           = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mLayerCount              = 1;
    mLevelCount              = 1;

    mImage.setHandle(handle);

    stageClearIfEmulatedFormat(isRobustResourceInitEnabled, false);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::init2DStaging(Context *context,
                                         bool hasProtectedContent,
                                         const MemoryProperties &memoryProperties,
                                         const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                         angle::FormatID intendedFormatID,
                                         angle::FormatID actualFormatID,
                                         VkImageUsageFlags usage,
                                         uint32_t layerCount)
{
    gl_vk::GetExtent(glExtents, &mExtents);

    return initStaging(context, hasProtectedContent, memoryProperties, VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D, mExtents,
                       intendedFormatID, actualFormatID, 1, usage, 1, layerCount);
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initStaging(Context *context,
                                       bool hasProtectedContent,
                                       const MemoryProperties &memoryProperties,
                                       VkImageType imageType,
                                       const VkExtent3D &extents,
                                       angle::FormatID intendedFormatID,
                                       angle::FormatID actualFormatID,
                                       GLint samples,
                                       VkImageUsageFlags usage,
                                       uint32_t mipLevels,
                                       uint32_t layerCount)
{
    ASSERT(!valid());
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mContentDefined));
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mStencilContentDefined));

    mImageType          = imageType;
    mExtents            = extents;
    mRotatedAspectRatio = false;
    mIntendedFormatID   = intendedFormatID;
    mActualFormatID     = actualFormatID;
    mSamples            = std::max(samples, 1);
    mImageSerial        = context->getRenderer()->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageSerial();
    mLayerCount         = layerCount;
    mLevelCount         = mipLevels;
    mUsage              = usage;

    // Validate that mLayerCount is compatible with the image type
    ASSERT(imageType != VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D || mLayerCount == 1);
    ASSERT(imageType != VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D || mExtents.depth == 1);

    mCurrentLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;

    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo     = {};
    imageInfo.sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageInfo.flags                 = hasProtectedContent ? VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT : 0;
    imageInfo.imageType             = mImageType;
    imageInfo.format                = GetVkFormatFromFormatID(actualFormatID);
    imageInfo.extent                = mExtents;
    imageInfo.mipLevels             = mLevelCount;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers           = mLayerCount;
    imageInfo.samples               = gl_vk::GetSamples(mSamples);
    imageInfo.tiling                = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    imageInfo.usage                 = usage;
    imageInfo.sharingMode           = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    imageInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices   = nullptr;
    imageInfo.initialLayout         = getCurrentLayout();

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mImage.init(context->getDevice(), imageInfo));

    mVkImageCreateInfo               = imageInfo;
    mVkImageCreateInfo.pNext         = nullptr;
    mVkImageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

    // Allocate and bind device-local memory.
    VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
    if (hasProtectedContent)
    {
        memoryPropertyFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT;
    }
    ANGLE_TRY(initMemory(context, hasProtectedContent, memoryProperties, memoryPropertyFlags));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::initImplicitMultisampledRenderToTexture(
    Context *context,
    bool hasProtectedContent,
    const MemoryProperties &memoryProperties,
    gl::TextureType textureType,
    GLint samples,
    const ImageHelper &resolveImage,
    bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled)
{
    ASSERT(!valid());
    ASSERT(samples > 1);
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mContentDefined));
    ASSERT(!IsAnySubresourceContentDefined(mStencilContentDefined));

    // The image is used as either color or depth/stencil attachment.  Additionally, its memory is
    // lazily allocated as the contents are discarded at the end of the renderpass and with tiling
    // GPUs no actual backing memory is required.
    //
    // Note that the Vulkan image is created with or without VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT
    // based on whether the memory that will be used to create the image would have
    // VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT.  TRANSIENT is provided if there is any memory that
    // supports LAZILY_ALLOCATED.  However, based on actual image requirements, such a memory may
    // not be suitable for the image.  We don't support such a case, which will result in the
    // |initMemory| call below failing.
    const bool hasLazilyAllocatedMemory = memoryProperties.hasLazilyAllocatedMemory();

    const VkImageUsageFlags kMultisampledUsageFlags =
        (hasLazilyAllocatedMemory ? VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT : 0) |
        (resolveImage.getAspectFlags() == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT
             ? VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
             : VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
    const VkImageCreateFlags kMultisampledCreateFlags =
        hasProtectedContent ? VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT : 0;

    ANGLE_TRY(initExternal(context, textureType, resolveImage.getExtents(),
                           resolveImage.getIntendedFormatID(), resolveImage.getActualFormatID(),
                           samples, kMultisampledUsageFlags, kMultisampledCreateFlags,
                           ImageLayout::Undefined, nullptr, resolveImage.getFirstAllocatedLevel(),
                           resolveImage.getLevelCount(), resolveImage.getLayerCount(),
                           isRobustResourceInitEnabled, hasProtectedContent));

    // Remove the emulated format clear from the multisampled image if any.  There is one already
    // staged on the resolve image if needed.
    removeStagedUpdates(context, getFirstAllocatedLevel(), getLastAllocatedLevel());

    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags kMultisampledMemoryFlags =
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT |
        (hasLazilyAllocatedMemory ? VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT : 0) |
        (hasProtectedContent ? VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT : 0);

    // If this ever fails, it can be retried without the LAZILY_ALLOCATED flag (which will probably
    // still fail), but ideally that means GL_EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture should not be
    // advertized on this platform in the first place.
    return initMemory(context, hasProtectedContent, memoryProperties, kMultisampledMemoryFlags);
}

VkImageAspectFlags ImageHelper::getAspectFlags() const
{
    return GetFormatAspectFlags(angle::Format::Get(mActualFormatID));
}

bool ImageHelper::isCombinedDepthStencilFormat() const
{
    return (getAspectFlags() & kDepthStencilAspects) == kDepthStencilAspects;
}

VkImageLayout ImageHelper::getCurrentLayout() const
{
    return ConvertImageLayoutToVkImageLayout(mCurrentLayout);
}

gl::Extents ImageHelper::getLevelExtents(LevelIndex levelVk) const
{
    // Level 0 should be the size of the extents, after that every time you increase a level
    // you shrink the extents by half.
    uint32_t width  = std::max(mExtents.width >> levelVk.get(), 1u);
    uint32_t height = std::max(mExtents.height >> levelVk.get(), 1u);
    uint32_t depth  = std::max(mExtents.depth >> levelVk.get(), 1u);

    return gl::Extents(width, height, depth);
}

gl::Extents ImageHelper::getLevelExtents2D(LevelIndex levelVk) const
{
    gl::Extents extents = getLevelExtents(levelVk);
    extents.depth       = 1;
    return extents;
}

const VkExtent3D ImageHelper::getRotatedExtents() const
{
    VkExtent3D extents = mExtents;
    if (mRotatedAspectRatio)
    {
        std::swap(extents.width, extents.height);
    }
    return extents;
}

gl::Extents ImageHelper::getRotatedLevelExtents2D(LevelIndex levelVk) const
{
    gl::Extents extents = getLevelExtents2D(levelVk);
    if (mRotatedAspectRatio)
    {
        std::swap(extents.width, extents.height);
    }
    return extents;
}

bool ImageHelper::isDepthOrStencil() const
{
    return getActualFormat().hasDepthOrStencilBits();
}

void ImageHelper::setRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage flag)
{
    mRenderPassUsageFlags.set(flag);
}

void ImageHelper::clearRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage flag)
{
    mRenderPassUsageFlags.reset(flag);
}

void ImageHelper::resetRenderPassUsageFlags()
{
    mRenderPassUsageFlags.reset();
}

bool ImageHelper::hasRenderPassUsageFlag(RenderPassUsage flag) const
{
    return mRenderPassUsageFlags.test(flag);
}

bool ImageHelper::usedByCurrentRenderPassAsAttachmentAndSampler() const
{
    return mRenderPassUsageFlags[RenderPassUsage::RenderTargetAttachment] &&
           mRenderPassUsageFlags[RenderPassUsage::TextureSampler];
}

bool ImageHelper::isReadBarrierNecessary(ImageLayout newLayout) const
{
    // If transitioning to a different layout, we need always need a barrier.
    if (mCurrentLayout != newLayout)
    {
        return true;
    }

    // RAR (read-after-read) is not a hazard and doesn't require a barrier.
    //
    // RAW (read-after-write) hazards always require a memory barrier.  This can only happen if the
    // layout (same as new layout) is writable which in turn is only possible if the image is
    // simultaneously bound for shader write (i.e. the layout is GENERAL or SHARED_PRESENT).
    const ImageMemoryBarrierData &layoutData = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];
    return layoutData.type == ResourceAccess::Write;
}

void ImageHelper::changeLayoutAndQueue(Context *context,
                                       VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                       ImageLayout newLayout,
                                       uint32_t newQueueFamilyIndex,
                                       OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(isQueueChangeNeccesary(newQueueFamilyIndex));
    barrierImpl(context, aspectMask, newLayout, newQueueFamilyIndex, commandBuffer);
}

void ImageHelper::acquireFromExternal(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                      uint32_t externalQueueFamilyIndex,
                                      uint32_t rendererQueueFamilyIndex,
                                      ImageLayout currentLayout,
                                      OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    // The image must be newly allocated or have been released to the external
    // queue. If this is not the case, it's an application bug, so ASSERT might
    // eventually need to change to a warning.
    ASSERT(mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::ExternalPreInitialized ||
           mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex == externalQueueFamilyIndex);

    mCurrentLayout           = currentLayout;
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = externalQueueFamilyIndex;

    retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    changeLayoutAndQueue(contextVk, getAspectFlags(), mCurrentLayout, rendererQueueFamilyIndex,
                         commandBuffer);

    // It is unknown how the external has modified the image, so assume every subresource has
    // defined content.  That is unless the layout is Undefined.
    if (currentLayout == ImageLayout::Undefined)
    {
        setEntireContentUndefined();
    }
    else
    {
        setEntireContentDefined();
    }
}

void ImageHelper::releaseToExternal(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                    uint32_t rendererQueueFamilyIndex,
                                    uint32_t externalQueueFamilyIndex,
                                    ImageLayout desiredLayout,
                                    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex == rendererQueueFamilyIndex);

    retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    changeLayoutAndQueue(contextVk, getAspectFlags(), desiredLayout, externalQueueFamilyIndex,
                         commandBuffer);
}

bool ImageHelper::isReleasedToExternal() const
{
#if !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_MACOS) && !defined(ANGLE_PLATFORM_ANDROID)
    return IsExternalQueueFamily(mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex);
#else
    // TODO(anglebug.com/4635): Implement external memory barriers on Mac/Android.
    return false;
#endif
}

LevelIndex ImageHelper::toVkLevel(gl::LevelIndex levelIndexGL) const
{
    return gl_vk::GetLevelIndex(levelIndexGL, mFirstAllocatedLevel);
}

gl::LevelIndex ImageHelper::toGLLevel(LevelIndex levelIndexVk) const
{
    return vk_gl::GetLevelIndex(levelIndexVk, mFirstAllocatedLevel);
}

ANGLE_INLINE void ImageHelper::initImageMemoryBarrierStruct(
    VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
    ImageLayout newLayout,
    uint32_t newQueueFamilyIndex,
    VkImageMemoryBarrier *imageMemoryBarrier) const
{
    const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionFrom = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];
    const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionTo   = kImageMemoryBarrierData[newLayout];

    imageMemoryBarrier->sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    imageMemoryBarrier->srcAccessMask       = transitionFrom.srcAccessMask;
    imageMemoryBarrier->dstAccessMask       = transitionTo.dstAccessMask;
    imageMemoryBarrier->oldLayout           = transitionFrom.layout;
    imageMemoryBarrier->newLayout           = transitionTo.layout;
    imageMemoryBarrier->srcQueueFamilyIndex = mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex;
    imageMemoryBarrier->dstQueueFamilyIndex = newQueueFamilyIndex;
    imageMemoryBarrier->image               = mImage.getHandle();

    // Transition the whole resource.
    imageMemoryBarrier->subresourceRange.aspectMask     = aspectMask;
    imageMemoryBarrier->subresourceRange.baseMipLevel   = 0;
    imageMemoryBarrier->subresourceRange.levelCount     = mLevelCount;
    imageMemoryBarrier->subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    imageMemoryBarrier->subresourceRange.layerCount     = mLayerCount;
}

// Generalized to accept both "primary" and "secondary" command buffers.
template <typename CommandBufferT>
void ImageHelper::barrierImpl(Context *context,
                              VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                              ImageLayout newLayout,
                              uint32_t newQueueFamilyIndex,
                              CommandBufferT *commandBuffer)
{
    if (mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::SharedPresent)
    {
        const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transition = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];

        VkMemoryBarrier memoryBarrier = {};
        memoryBarrier.sType           = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
        memoryBarrier.srcAccessMask   = transition.srcAccessMask;
        memoryBarrier.dstAccessMask   = transition.dstAccessMask;

        commandBuffer->memoryBarrier(transition.srcStageMask, transition.dstStageMask,
                                     &memoryBarrier);
        return;
    }

    // Make sure we never transition out of SharedPresent
    ASSERT(mCurrentLayout != ImageLayout::SharedPresent || newLayout == ImageLayout::SharedPresent);

    const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionFrom = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];
    const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionTo   = kImageMemoryBarrierData[newLayout];

    VkImageMemoryBarrier imageMemoryBarrier = {};
    initImageMemoryBarrierStruct(aspectMask, newLayout, newQueueFamilyIndex, &imageMemoryBarrier);

    // There might be other shaderRead operations there other than the current layout.
    VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask = GetImageLayoutSrcStageMask(context, transitionFrom);
    if (mCurrentShaderReadStageMask)
    {
        srcStageMask |= mCurrentShaderReadStageMask;
        mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = 0;
        mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    }
    commandBuffer->imageBarrier(srcStageMask, GetImageLayoutDstStageMask(context, transitionTo),
                                imageMemoryBarrier);

    mCurrentLayout           = newLayout;
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex = newQueueFamilyIndex;
}

template void ImageHelper::barrierImpl<priv::CommandBuffer>(Context *context,
                                                            VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                                            ImageLayout newLayout,
                                                            uint32_t newQueueFamilyIndex,
                                                            priv::CommandBuffer *commandBuffer);

bool ImageHelper::updateLayoutAndBarrier(Context *context,
                                         VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                                         ImageLayout newLayout,
                                         PipelineBarrier *barrier)
{
    // Once you transition to ImageLayout::SharedPresent, you never transition out of it.
    if (mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::SharedPresent)
    {
        newLayout = ImageLayout::SharedPresent;
    }
    bool barrierModified = false;
    if (newLayout == mCurrentLayout)
    {
        const ImageMemoryBarrierData &layoutData = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];
        // RAR is not a hazard and doesn't require a barrier, especially as the image layout hasn't
        // changed.  The following asserts that such a barrier is not attempted.
        ASSERT(layoutData.type == ResourceAccess::Write);
        // No layout change, only memory barrier is required
        barrier->mergeMemoryBarrier(GetImageLayoutSrcStageMask(context, layoutData),
                                    GetImageLayoutDstStageMask(context, layoutData),
                                    layoutData.srcAccessMask, layoutData.dstAccessMask);
        barrierModified = true;
    }
    else
    {
        const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionFrom = kImageMemoryBarrierData[mCurrentLayout];
        const ImageMemoryBarrierData &transitionTo   = kImageMemoryBarrierData[newLayout];
        VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask = GetImageLayoutSrcStageMask(context, transitionFrom);
        VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask = GetImageLayoutDstStageMask(context, transitionTo);

        if (IsShaderReadOnlyLayout(transitionTo) && IsShaderReadOnlyLayout(transitionFrom))
        {
            // If we are switching between different shader stage reads, then there is no actual
            // layout change or access type change. We only need a barrier if we are making a read
            // that is from a new stage. Also note that we barrier against previous non-shaderRead
            // layout. We do not barrier between one shaderRead and another shaderRead.
            bool isNewReadStage = (mCurrentShaderReadStageMask & dstStageMask) != dstStageMask;
            if (isNewReadStage)
            {
                const ImageMemoryBarrierData &layoutData =
                    kImageMemoryBarrierData[mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout];
                barrier->mergeMemoryBarrier(GetImageLayoutSrcStageMask(context, layoutData),
                                            dstStageMask, layoutData.srcAccessMask,
                                            transitionTo.dstAccessMask);
                barrierModified = true;
                // Accumulate new read stage.
                mCurrentShaderReadStageMask |= dstStageMask;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            VkImageMemoryBarrier imageMemoryBarrier = {};
            initImageMemoryBarrierStruct(aspectMask, newLayout, mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex,
                                         &imageMemoryBarrier);
            // if we transition from shaderReadOnly, we must add in stashed shader stage masks since
            // there might be outstanding shader reads from stages other than current layout. We do
            // not insert barrier between one shaderRead to another shaderRead
            if (mCurrentShaderReadStageMask)
            {
                srcStageMask |= mCurrentShaderReadStageMask;
                mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = 0;
                mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;
            }
            barrier->mergeImageBarrier(srcStageMask, dstStageMask, imageMemoryBarrier);
            barrierModified = true;

            // If we are transition into shaderRead layout, remember the last
            // non-shaderRead layout here.
            if (IsShaderReadOnlyLayout(transitionTo))
            {
                ASSERT(!IsShaderReadOnlyLayout(transitionFrom));
                mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = mCurrentLayout;
                mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = dstStageMask;
            }
        }
        mCurrentLayout = newLayout;
    }
    return barrierModified;
}

void ImageHelper::clearColor(const VkClearColorValue &color,
                             LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                             uint32_t levelCount,
                             uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                             uint32_t layerCount,
                             OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(valid());

    ASSERT(mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::TransferDst ||
           mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::SharedPresent);

    VkImageSubresourceRange range = {};
    range.aspectMask              = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    range.baseMipLevel            = baseMipLevelVk.get();
    range.levelCount              = levelCount;
    range.baseArrayLayer          = baseArrayLayer;
    range.layerCount              = layerCount;

    if (mImageType == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D)
    {
        ASSERT(baseArrayLayer == 0);
        ASSERT(layerCount == 1 ||
               layerCount == static_cast<uint32_t>(getLevelExtents(baseMipLevelVk).depth));
        range.layerCount = 1;
    }

    commandBuffer->clearColorImage(mImage, getCurrentLayout(), color, 1, &range);
}

void ImageHelper::clearDepthStencil(VkImageAspectFlags clearAspectFlags,
                                    const VkClearDepthStencilValue &depthStencil,
                                    LevelIndex baseMipLevelVk,
                                    uint32_t levelCount,
                                    uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                                    uint32_t layerCount,
                                    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(valid());

    ASSERT(mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::TransferDst);

    VkImageSubresourceRange range = {};
    range.aspectMask              = clearAspectFlags;
    range.baseMipLevel            = baseMipLevelVk.get();
    range.levelCount              = levelCount;
    range.baseArrayLayer          = baseArrayLayer;
    range.layerCount              = layerCount;

    if (mImageType == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D)
    {
        ASSERT(baseArrayLayer == 0);
        ASSERT(layerCount == 1 ||
               layerCount == static_cast<uint32_t>(getLevelExtents(baseMipLevelVk).depth));
        range.layerCount = 1;
    }

    commandBuffer->clearDepthStencilImage(mImage, getCurrentLayout(), depthStencil, 1, &range);
}

void ImageHelper::clear(VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                        const VkClearValue &value,
                        LevelIndex mipLevel,
                        uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                        uint32_t layerCount,
                        OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    const angle::Format &angleFormat = getActualFormat();
    bool isDepthStencil              = angleFormat.depthBits > 0 || angleFormat.stencilBits > 0;

    if (isDepthStencil)
    {
        clearDepthStencil(aspectFlags, value.depthStencil, mipLevel, 1, baseArrayLayer, layerCount,
                          commandBuffer);
    }
    else
    {
        ASSERT(!angleFormat.isBlock);

        clearColor(value.color, mipLevel, 1, baseArrayLayer, layerCount, commandBuffer);
    }
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::clearEmulatedChannels(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 VkColorComponentFlags colorMaskFlags,
                                                 const VkClearValue &value,
                                                 LevelIndex mipLevel,
                                                 uint32_t baseArrayLayer,
                                                 uint32_t layerCount)
{
    const gl::Extents levelExtents = getLevelExtents(mipLevel);

    if (levelExtents.depth > 1)
    {
        // Currently not implemented for 3D textures
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    UtilsVk::ClearImageParameters params = {};
    params.clearArea                     = {0, 0, levelExtents.width, levelExtents.height};
    params.dstMip                        = mipLevel;
    params.colorMaskFlags                = colorMaskFlags;
    params.colorClearValue               = value.color;

    for (uint32_t layerIndex = 0; layerIndex < layerCount; ++layerIndex)
    {
        params.dstLayer = baseArrayLayer + layerIndex;

        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getUtils().clearImage(contextVk, this, params));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

// static
void ImageHelper::Copy(ImageHelper *srcImage,
                       ImageHelper *dstImage,
                       const gl::Offset &srcOffset,
                       const gl::Offset &dstOffset,
                       const gl::Extents &copySize,
                       const VkImageSubresourceLayers &srcSubresource,
                       const VkImageSubresourceLayers &dstSubresource,
                       OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(commandBuffer->valid() && srcImage->valid() && dstImage->valid());

    ASSERT(srcImage->getCurrentLayout() == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
    ASSERT(dstImage->getCurrentLayout() == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

    VkImageCopy region    = {};
    region.srcSubresource = srcSubresource;
    region.srcOffset.x    = srcOffset.x;
    region.srcOffset.y    = srcOffset.y;
    region.srcOffset.z    = srcOffset.z;
    region.dstSubresource = dstSubresource;
    region.dstOffset.x    = dstOffset.x;
    region.dstOffset.y    = dstOffset.y;
    region.dstOffset.z    = dstOffset.z;
    region.extent.width   = copySize.width;
    region.extent.height  = copySize.height;
    region.extent.depth   = copySize.depth;

    commandBuffer->copyImage(srcImage->getImage(), srcImage->getCurrentLayout(),
                             dstImage->getImage(), dstImage->getCurrentLayout(), 1, &region);
}

// static
angle::Result ImageHelper::CopyImageSubData(const gl::Context *context,
                                            ImageHelper *srcImage,
                                            GLint srcLevel,
                                            GLint srcX,
                                            GLint srcY,
                                            GLint srcZ,
                                            ImageHelper *dstImage,
                                            GLint dstLevel,
                                            GLint dstX,
                                            GLint dstY,
                                            GLint dstZ,
                                            GLsizei srcWidth,
                                            GLsizei srcHeight,
                                            GLsizei srcDepth)
{
    ContextVk *contextVk = GetImpl(context);

    VkImageTiling srcTilingMode  = srcImage->getTilingMode();
    VkImageTiling destTilingMode = dstImage->getTilingMode();

    const gl::LevelIndex srcLevelGL = gl::LevelIndex(srcLevel);
    const gl::LevelIndex dstLevelGL = gl::LevelIndex(dstLevel);

    if (CanCopyWithTransferForCopyImage(contextVk->getRenderer(), srcImage, srcTilingMode, dstImage,
                                        destTilingMode))
    {
        bool isSrc3D = srcImage->getType() == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D;
        bool isDst3D = dstImage->getType() == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D;

        srcImage->retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
        dstImage->retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());

        VkImageCopy region = {};

        region.srcSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        region.srcSubresource.mipLevel       = srcImage->toVkLevel(srcLevelGL).get();
        region.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = isSrc3D ? 0 : srcZ;
        region.srcSubresource.layerCount     = isSrc3D ? 1 : srcDepth;

        region.dstSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        region.dstSubresource.mipLevel       = dstImage->toVkLevel(dstLevelGL).get();
        region.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = isDst3D ? 0 : dstZ;
        region.dstSubresource.layerCount     = isDst3D ? 1 : srcDepth;

        region.srcOffset.x   = srcX;
        region.srcOffset.y   = srcY;
        region.srcOffset.z   = isSrc3D ? srcZ : 0;
        region.dstOffset.x   = dstX;
        region.dstOffset.y   = dstY;
        region.dstOffset.z   = isDst3D ? dstZ : 0;
        region.extent.width  = srcWidth;
        region.extent.height = srcHeight;
        region.extent.depth  = (isSrc3D || isDst3D) ? srcDepth : 1;

        CommandBufferAccess access;
        access.onImageTransferRead(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, srcImage);
        access.onImageTransferWrite(dstLevelGL, 1, region.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer,
                                    region.dstSubresource.layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                    dstImage);

        OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

        ASSERT(srcImage->valid() && dstImage->valid());
        ASSERT(srcImage->getCurrentLayout() == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
        ASSERT(dstImage->getCurrentLayout() == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

        commandBuffer->copyImage(srcImage->getImage(), srcImage->getCurrentLayout(),
                                 dstImage->getImage(), dstImage->getCurrentLayout(), 1, &region);
    }
    else if (!srcImage->getIntendedFormat().isBlock && !dstImage->getIntendedFormat().isBlock)
    {
        // The source and destination image formats may be using a fallback in the case of RGB
        // images.  A compute shader is used in such a case to perform the copy.
        UtilsVk &utilsVk = contextVk->getUtils();

        UtilsVk::CopyImageBitsParameters params;
        params.srcOffset[0]   = srcX;
        params.srcOffset[1]   = srcY;
        params.srcOffset[2]   = srcZ;
        params.srcLevel       = srcLevelGL;
        params.dstOffset[0]   = dstX;
        params.dstOffset[1]   = dstY;
        params.dstOffset[2]   = dstZ;
        params.dstLevel       = dstLevelGL;
        params.copyExtents[0] = srcWidth;
        params.copyExtents[1] = srcHeight;
        params.copyExtents[2] = srcDepth;

        ANGLE_TRY(utilsVk.copyImageBits(contextVk, dstImage, srcImage, params));
    }
    else
    {
        // No support for emulated compressed formats.
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK(contextVk, false, VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT);
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::generateMipmapsWithBlit(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                   LevelIndex baseLevel,
                                                   LevelIndex maxLevel)
{
    CommandBufferAccess access;
    gl::LevelIndex baseLevelGL = toGLLevel(baseLevel);
    access.onImageTransferWrite(baseLevelGL + 1, maxLevel.get(), 0, mLayerCount,
                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, this);

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    // We are able to use blitImage since the image format we are using supports it.
    int32_t mipWidth  = mExtents.width;
    int32_t mipHeight = mExtents.height;
    int32_t mipDepth  = mExtents.depth;

    // Manually manage the image memory barrier because it uses a lot more parameters than our
    // usual one.
    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier            = {};
    barrier.sType                           = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.image                           = mImage.getHandle();
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex             = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex             = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount     = mLayerCount;
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount     = 1;

    const VkFilter filter =
        gl_vk::GetFilter(CalculateGenerateMipmapFilter(contextVk, getActualFormatID()));

    for (LevelIndex mipLevel(1); mipLevel <= LevelIndex(mLevelCount); ++mipLevel)
    {
        int32_t nextMipWidth  = std::max<int32_t>(1, mipWidth >> 1);
        int32_t nextMipHeight = std::max<int32_t>(1, mipHeight >> 1);
        int32_t nextMipDepth  = std::max<int32_t>(1, mipDepth >> 1);

        if (mipLevel > baseLevel && mipLevel <= maxLevel)
        {
            barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = mipLevel.get() - 1;
            barrier.oldLayout                     = getCurrentLayout();
            barrier.newLayout                     = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
            barrier.srcAccessMask                 = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
            barrier.dstAccessMask                 = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;

            // We can do it for all layers at once.
            commandBuffer->imageBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                                        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, barrier);
            VkImageBlit blit                   = {};
            blit.srcOffsets[0]                 = {0, 0, 0};
            blit.srcOffsets[1]                 = {mipWidth, mipHeight, mipDepth};
            blit.srcSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            blit.srcSubresource.mipLevel       = mipLevel.get() - 1;
            blit.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            blit.srcSubresource.layerCount     = mLayerCount;
            blit.dstOffsets[0]                 = {0, 0, 0};
            blit.dstOffsets[1]                 = {nextMipWidth, nextMipHeight, nextMipDepth};
            blit.dstSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            blit.dstSubresource.mipLevel       = mipLevel.get();
            blit.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            blit.dstSubresource.layerCount     = mLayerCount;

            commandBuffer->blitImage(mImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, mImage,
                                     VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &blit, filter);
        }
        mipWidth  = nextMipWidth;
        mipHeight = nextMipHeight;
        mipDepth  = nextMipDepth;
    }

    // Transition all mip level to the same layout so we can declare our whole image layout to one
    // ImageLayout. FragmentShaderReadOnly is picked here since this is the most reasonable usage
    // after glGenerateMipmap call.
    barrier.oldLayout     = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.newLayout     = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
    if (baseLevel.get() > 0)
    {
        // [0:baseLevel-1] from TRANSFER_DST to SHADER_READ
        barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount   = baseLevel.get();
        commandBuffer->imageBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                                    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, barrier);
    }
    // [maxLevel:mLevelCount-1] from TRANSFER_DST to SHADER_READ
    ASSERT(mLevelCount > maxLevel.get());
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = maxLevel.get();
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount   = mLevelCount - maxLevel.get();
    commandBuffer->imageBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, barrier);
    // [baseLevel:maxLevel-1] from TRANSFER_SRC to SHADER_READ
    barrier.oldLayout                     = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = baseLevel.get();
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount   = maxLevel.get() - baseLevel.get();
    commandBuffer->imageBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, barrier);

    // This is just changing the internal state of the image helper so that the next call
    // to changeLayout will use this layout as the "oldLayout" argument.
    // mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout is used to ensure previous write are made visible to reads,
    // since the only write here is transfer, hence mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout is set to
    // ImageLayout::TransferDst.
    mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = ImageLayout::TransferDst;
    mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
    mCurrentLayout               = ImageLayout::FragmentShaderReadOnly;

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void ImageHelper::resolve(ImageHelper *dst,
                          const VkImageResolve &region,
                          OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer)
{
    ASSERT(mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::TransferSrc ||
           mCurrentLayout == ImageLayout::SharedPresent);
    commandBuffer->resolveImage(getImage(), VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, dst->getImage(),
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
}

void ImageHelper::removeSingleSubresourceStagedUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                       gl::LevelIndex levelIndexGL,
                                                       uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                       uint32_t layerCount)
{
    mCurrentSingleClearValue.reset();

    // Find any staged updates for this index and remove them from the pending list.
    std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelIndexGL);
    if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (size_t index = 0; index < levelUpdates->size();)
    {
        auto update = levelUpdates->begin() + index;
        if (update->isUpdateToLayers(layerIndex, layerCount))
        {
            update->release(contextVk->getRenderer());
            levelUpdates->erase(update);
        }
        else
        {
            index++;
        }
    }
}

void ImageHelper::removeSingleStagedClearAfterInvalidate(gl::LevelIndex levelIndexGL,
                                                         uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                         uint32_t layerCount)
{
    // When this function is called, it's expected that there may be at most one
    // ClearAfterInvalidate update pending to this subresource, and that's a color clear due to
    // emulated channels after invalidate.  This function removes that update.

    std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelIndexGL);
    if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (size_t index = 0; index < levelUpdates->size(); ++index)
    {
        auto update = levelUpdates->begin() + index;
        if (update->updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearAfterInvalidate &&
            update->isUpdateToLayers(layerIndex, layerCount))
        {
            // It's a clear, so doesn't need to be released.
            levelUpdates->erase(update);
            // There's only one such clear possible.
            return;
        }
    }
}

void ImageHelper::removeStagedUpdates(Context *context,
                                      gl::LevelIndex levelGLStart,
                                      gl::LevelIndex levelGLEnd)
{
    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    // Remove all updates to levels [start, end].
    for (gl::LevelIndex level = levelGLStart; level <= levelGLEnd; ++level)
    {
        std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(level);
        if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
        {
            ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(level.get()) >= mSubresourceUpdates.size());
            return;
        }

        for (SubresourceUpdate &update : *levelUpdates)
        {
            update.release(context->getRenderer());
        }

        levelUpdates->clear();
    }

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdateImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                      const gl::ImageIndex &index,
                                                      const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                                      const gl::Offset &offset,
                                                      const gl::InternalFormat &formatInfo,
                                                      const gl::PixelUnpackState &unpack,
                                                      GLenum type,
                                                      const uint8_t *pixels,
                                                      const Format &vkFormat,
                                                      ImageAccess access,
                                                      const GLuint inputRowPitch,
                                                      const GLuint inputDepthPitch,
                                                      const GLuint inputSkipBytes)
{
    const angle::Format &storageFormat = vkFormat.getActualImageFormat(access);

    size_t outputRowPitch;
    size_t outputDepthPitch;
    size_t stencilAllocationSize = 0;
    uint32_t bufferRowLength;
    uint32_t bufferImageHeight;
    size_t allocationSize;

    LoadImageFunctionInfo loadFunctionInfo = vkFormat.getTextureLoadFunction(access, type);
    LoadImageFunction stencilLoadFunction  = nullptr;

    if (storageFormat.isBlock)
    {
        const gl::InternalFormat &storageFormatInfo = vkFormat.getInternalFormatInfo(type);
        GLuint rowPitch;
        GLuint depthPitch;
        GLuint totalSize;

        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk, storageFormatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(
                                           gl::Extents(glExtents.width, 1, 1), &rowPitch));
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                            storageFormatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(
                                gl::Extents(glExtents.width, glExtents.height, 1), &depthPitch));

        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                            storageFormatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(glExtents, &totalSize));

        outputRowPitch   = rowPitch;
        outputDepthPitch = depthPitch;
        allocationSize   = totalSize;

        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(
            contextVk, storageFormatInfo.computeBufferRowLength(glExtents.width, &bufferRowLength));
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk, storageFormatInfo.computeBufferImageHeight(
                                           glExtents.height, &bufferImageHeight));
    }
    else
    {
        ASSERT(storageFormat.pixelBytes != 0);

        if (storageFormat.id == angle::FormatID::D24_UNORM_S8_UINT)
        {
            stencilLoadFunction = angle::LoadX24S8ToS8;
        }
        if (storageFormat.id == angle::FormatID::D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT)
        {
            // If depth is D32FLOAT_S8, we must pack D32F tightly (no stencil) for CopyBufferToImage
            outputRowPitch = sizeof(float) * glExtents.width;

            // The generic load functions don't handle tightly packing D32FS8 to D32F & S8 so call
            // special case load functions.
            switch (type)
            {
                case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
                    loadFunctionInfo.loadFunction = angle::LoadD32ToD32F;
                    stencilLoadFunction           = nullptr;
                    break;
                case GL_DEPTH32F_STENCIL8:
                case GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV:
                    loadFunctionInfo.loadFunction = angle::LoadD32FS8X24ToD32F;
                    stencilLoadFunction           = angle::LoadX32S8ToS8;
                    break;
                case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_OES:
                    loadFunctionInfo.loadFunction = angle::LoadD24S8ToD32F;
                    stencilLoadFunction           = angle::LoadX24S8ToS8;
                    break;
                default:
                    UNREACHABLE();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            outputRowPitch = storageFormat.pixelBytes * glExtents.width;
        }
        outputDepthPitch = outputRowPitch * glExtents.height;

        bufferRowLength   = glExtents.width;
        bufferImageHeight = glExtents.height;

        allocationSize = outputDepthPitch * glExtents.depth;

        // Note: because the LoadImageFunctionInfo functions are limited to copying a single
        // component, we have to special case packed depth/stencil use and send the stencil as a
        // separate chunk.
        if (storageFormat.depthBits > 0 && storageFormat.stencilBits > 0 &&
            formatInfo.depthBits > 0 && formatInfo.stencilBits > 0)
        {
            // Note: Stencil is always one byte
            stencilAllocationSize = glExtents.width * glExtents.height * glExtents.depth;
            allocationSize += stencilAllocationSize;
        }
    }

    std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<BufferHelper>> stagingBuffer =
        std::make_unique<RefCounted<BufferHelper>>();
    BufferHelper *currentBuffer = &stagingBuffer->get();

    uint8_t *stagingPointer;
    VkDeviceSize stagingOffset;
    ANGLE_TRY(currentBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, allocationSize,
                                                  MemoryCoherency::NonCoherent, storageFormat.id,
                                                  &stagingOffset, &stagingPointer));

    const uint8_t *source = pixels + static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(inputSkipBytes);

    loadFunctionInfo.loadFunction(glExtents.width, glExtents.height, glExtents.depth, source,
                                  inputRowPitch, inputDepthPitch, stagingPointer, outputRowPitch,
                                  outputDepthPitch);

    // YUV formats need special handling.
    if (storageFormat.isYUV)
    {
        gl::YuvFormatInfo yuvInfo(formatInfo.internalFormat, glExtents);

        constexpr VkImageAspectFlagBits kPlaneAspectFlags[3] = {
            VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT};

        // We only support mip level 0 and layerCount of 1 for YUV formats.
        ASSERT(index.getLevelIndex() == 0);
        ASSERT(index.getLayerCount() == 1);

        for (uint32_t plane = 0; plane < yuvInfo.planeCount; plane++)
        {
            VkBufferImageCopy copy           = {};
            copy.bufferOffset                = stagingOffset + yuvInfo.planeOffset[plane];
            copy.bufferRowLength             = 0;
            copy.bufferImageHeight           = 0;
            copy.imageSubresource.mipLevel   = 0;
            copy.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
            gl_vk::GetOffset(offset, &copy.imageOffset);
            gl_vk::GetExtent(yuvInfo.planeExtent[plane], &copy.imageExtent);
            copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            copy.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = kPlaneAspectFlags[plane];
            appendSubresourceUpdate(
                gl::LevelIndex(0),
                SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.get(), currentBuffer, copy, storageFormat.id));
        }

        stagingBuffer.release();
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    VkBufferImageCopy copy         = {};
    VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetFormatAspectFlags(storageFormat);

    copy.bufferOffset      = stagingOffset;
    copy.bufferRowLength   = bufferRowLength;
    copy.bufferImageHeight = bufferImageHeight;

    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());
    copy.imageSubresource.mipLevel   = updateLevelGL.get();
    copy.imageSubresource.layerCount = index.getLayerCount();

    gl_vk::GetOffset(offset, &copy.imageOffset);
    gl_vk::GetExtent(glExtents, &copy.imageExtent);

    if (gl::IsArrayTextureType(index.getType()))
    {
        copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = offset.z;
        copy.imageOffset.z                   = 0;
        copy.imageExtent.depth               = 1;
    }
    else
    {
        copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = index.hasLayer() ? index.getLayerIndex() : 0;
    }

    if (stencilAllocationSize > 0)
    {
        // Note: Stencil is always one byte
        ASSERT((aspectFlags & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0);

        // Skip over depth data.
        stagingPointer += outputDepthPitch * glExtents.depth;
        stagingOffset += outputDepthPitch * glExtents.depth;

        // recompute pitch for stencil data
        outputRowPitch   = glExtents.width;
        outputDepthPitch = outputRowPitch * glExtents.height;

        ASSERT(stencilLoadFunction != nullptr);
        stencilLoadFunction(glExtents.width, glExtents.height, glExtents.depth, source,
                            inputRowPitch, inputDepthPitch, stagingPointer, outputRowPitch,
                            outputDepthPitch);

        VkBufferImageCopy stencilCopy = {};

        stencilCopy.bufferOffset                    = stagingOffset;
        stencilCopy.bufferRowLength                 = bufferRowLength;
        stencilCopy.bufferImageHeight               = bufferImageHeight;
        stencilCopy.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = copy.imageSubresource.mipLevel;
        stencilCopy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer;
        stencilCopy.imageSubresource.layerCount     = copy.imageSubresource.layerCount;
        stencilCopy.imageOffset                     = copy.imageOffset;
        stencilCopy.imageExtent                     = copy.imageExtent;
        stencilCopy.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.get(), currentBuffer,
                                                                 stencilCopy, storageFormat.id));

        aspectFlags &= ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
    }

    if (HasBothDepthAndStencilAspects(aspectFlags))
    {
        // We still have both depth and stencil aspect bits set. That means we have a destination
        // buffer that is packed depth stencil and that the application is only loading one aspect.
        // Figure out which aspect the user is touching and remove the unused aspect bit.
        if (formatInfo.stencilBits > 0)
        {
            aspectFlags &= ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
        }
        else
        {
            aspectFlags &= ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        }
    }

    if (aspectFlags)
    {
        copy.imageSubresource.aspectMask = aspectFlags;
        appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.get(), currentBuffer,
                                                                 copy, storageFormat.id));
    }

    stagingBuffer.release();
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::reformatStagedBufferUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                       angle::FormatID srcFormatID,
                                                       angle::FormatID dstFormatID)
{
    RendererVk *renderer           = contextVk->getRenderer();
    const angle::Format &srcFormat = angle::Format::Get(srcFormatID);
    const angle::Format &dstFormat = angle::Format::Get(dstFormatID);
    const gl::InternalFormat &dstFormatInfo =
        gl::GetSizedInternalFormatInfo(dstFormat.glInternalFormat);

    for (std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &levelUpdates : mSubresourceUpdates)
    {
        for (SubresourceUpdate &update : levelUpdates)
        {
            // Right now whenever we stage update from a source image, the formats always match.
            ASSERT(valid() || update.updateSource != UpdateSource::Image ||
                   update.data.image.formatID == srcFormatID);

            if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer &&
                update.data.buffer.formatID == srcFormatID)
            {
                const VkBufferImageCopy &copy = update.data.buffer.copyRegion;

                // Source and dst data are tightly packed
                GLuint srcDataRowPitch = copy.imageExtent.width * srcFormat.pixelBytes;
                GLuint dstDataRowPitch = copy.imageExtent.width * dstFormat.pixelBytes;

                GLuint srcDataDepthPitch = srcDataRowPitch * copy.imageExtent.height;
                GLuint dstDataDepthPitch = dstDataRowPitch * copy.imageExtent.height;

                // Retrieve source buffer
                vk::BufferHelper *srcBuffer = update.data.buffer.bufferHelper;
                ASSERT(srcBuffer->isMapped());
                // The bufferOffset is relative to the buffer block. We have to use the buffer
                // block's memory pointer to get the source data pointer.
                uint8_t *srcData = srcBuffer->getBlockMemory() + copy.bufferOffset;

                // Allocate memory with dstFormat
                std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<BufferHelper>> stagingBuffer =
                    std::make_unique<RefCounted<BufferHelper>>();
                BufferHelper *dstBuffer = &stagingBuffer->get();

                uint8_t *dstData;
                VkDeviceSize dstBufferOffset;
                size_t dstBufferSize = dstDataDepthPitch * copy.imageExtent.depth;
                ANGLE_TRY(dstBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, dstBufferSize,
                                                          MemoryCoherency::NonCoherent, dstFormatID,
                                                          &dstBufferOffset, &dstData));

                rx::PixelReadFunction pixelReadFunction   = srcFormat.pixelReadFunction;
                rx::PixelWriteFunction pixelWriteFunction = dstFormat.pixelWriteFunction;

                CopyImageCHROMIUM(srcData, srcDataRowPitch, srcFormat.pixelBytes, srcDataDepthPitch,
                                  pixelReadFunction, dstData, dstDataRowPitch, dstFormat.pixelBytes,
                                  dstDataDepthPitch, pixelWriteFunction, dstFormatInfo.format,
                                  dstFormatInfo.componentType, copy.imageExtent.width,
                                  copy.imageExtent.height, copy.imageExtent.depth, false, false,
                                  false);

                // Replace srcBuffer with dstBuffer
                update.data.buffer.bufferHelper            = dstBuffer;
                update.data.buffer.formatID                = dstFormatID;
                update.data.buffer.copyRegion.bufferOffset = dstBufferOffset;

                // Let update structure owns the staging buffer
                if (update.refCounted.buffer)
                {
                    update.refCounted.buffer->releaseRef();
                    if (!update.refCounted.buffer->isReferenced())
                    {
                        update.refCounted.buffer->get().release(renderer);
                        SafeDelete(update.refCounted.buffer);
                    }
                }
                update.refCounted.buffer = stagingBuffer.release();
                update.refCounted.buffer->addRef();
            }
        }
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::CalculateBufferInfo(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                               const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                               const gl::InternalFormat &formatInfo,
                                               const gl::PixelUnpackState &unpack,
                                               GLenum type,
                                               bool is3D,
                                               GLuint *inputRowPitch,
                                               GLuint *inputDepthPitch,
                                               GLuint *inputSkipBytes)
{
    // YUV formats need special handling.
    if (gl::IsYuvFormat(formatInfo.internalFormat))
    {
        gl::YuvFormatInfo yuvInfo(formatInfo.internalFormat, glExtents);

        // row pitch = Y plane row pitch
        *inputRowPitch = yuvInfo.planePitch[0];
        // depth pitch = Y plane size + chroma plane size
        *inputDepthPitch = yuvInfo.planeSize[0] + yuvInfo.planeSize[1] + yuvInfo.planeSize[2];
        *inputSkipBytes  = 0;

        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                        formatInfo.computeRowPitch(type, glExtents.width, unpack.alignment,
                                                   unpack.rowLength, inputRowPitch));

    ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                        formatInfo.computeDepthPitch(glExtents.height, unpack.imageHeight,
                                                     *inputRowPitch, inputDepthPitch));

    ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(
        contextVk, formatInfo.computeSkipBytes(type, *inputRowPitch, *inputDepthPitch, unpack, is3D,
                                               inputSkipBytes));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void ImageHelper::onWrite(gl::LevelIndex levelStart,
                          uint32_t levelCount,
                          uint32_t layerStart,
                          uint32_t layerCount,
                          VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags)
{
    mCurrentSingleClearValue.reset();

    // Mark contents of the given subresource as defined.
    setContentDefined(toVkLevel(levelStart), levelCount, layerStart, layerCount, aspectFlags);
}

bool ImageHelper::hasSubresourceDefinedContent(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                               uint32_t layerIndex,
                                               uint32_t layerCount) const
{
    if (layerIndex >= kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount)
    {
        return true;
    }

    uint8_t layerRangeBits =
        GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(layerIndex, layerCount, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount);
    return (getLevelContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)) & LevelContentDefinedMask(layerRangeBits))
        .any();
}

bool ImageHelper::hasSubresourceDefinedStencilContent(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                      uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                      uint32_t layerCount) const
{
    if (layerIndex >= kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount)
    {
        return true;
    }

    uint8_t layerRangeBits =
        GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(layerIndex, layerCount, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount);
    return (getLevelStencilContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)) &
            LevelContentDefinedMask(layerRangeBits))
        .any();
}

void ImageHelper::invalidateSubresourceContent(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                               gl::LevelIndex level,
                                               uint32_t layerIndex,
                                               uint32_t layerCount,
                                               bool *preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut)
{
    invalidateSubresourceContentImpl(
        contextVk, level, layerIndex, layerCount,
        static_cast<VkImageAspectFlagBits>(getAspectFlags() & ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT),
        &getLevelContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)), preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut);
}

void ImageHelper::invalidateSubresourceStencilContent(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                      gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                      uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                      uint32_t layerCount,
                                                      bool *preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut)
{
    invalidateSubresourceContentImpl(
        contextVk, level, layerIndex, layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT,
        &getLevelStencilContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)), preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut);
}

void ImageHelper::invalidateSubresourceContentImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                   gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                   uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                   uint32_t layerCount,
                                                   VkImageAspectFlagBits aspect,
                                                   LevelContentDefinedMask *contentDefinedMask,
                                                   bool *preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut)
{
    // If the aspect being invalidated doesn't exist, skip invalidation altogether.
    if ((getAspectFlags() & aspect) == 0)
    {
        if (preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut)
        {
            // Let the caller know that this invalidate request was ignored.
            *preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut = true;
        }
        return;
    }

    // If the color format is emulated and has extra channels, those channels need to stay cleared.
    // On some devices, it's cheaper to skip invalidating the framebuffer attachment, while on
    // others it's cheaper to invalidate but then re-clear the image.
    //
    // For depth/stencil formats, each channel is separately invalidated, so the invalidate is
    // simply skipped for the emulated channel on all devices.
    const bool hasEmulatedChannels = hasEmulatedImageChannels();
    bool skip                      = false;
    switch (aspect)
    {
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT:
            skip = hasEmulatedDepthChannel();
            break;
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT:
            skip = hasEmulatedStencilChannel();
            break;
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT:
            skip = hasEmulatedChannels &&
                   contextVk->getFeatures().preferSkippingInvalidateForEmulatedFormats.enabled;
            break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
            skip = true;
    }

    if (preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut)
    {
        *preferToKeepContentsDefinedOut = skip;
    }
    if (skip)
    {
        return;
    }

    if (layerIndex >= kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount)
    {
        const char *aspectName = "color";
        if (aspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT)
        {
            aspectName = "depth";
        }
        else if (aspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)
        {
            aspectName = "stencil";
        }
        ANGLE_VK_PERF_WARNING(
            contextVk, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_LOW,
            "glInvalidateFramebuffer (%s) ineffective on attachments with layer >= 8", aspectName);
        return;
    }

    uint8_t layerRangeBits =
        GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(layerIndex, layerCount, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount);
    *contentDefinedMask &= static_cast<uint8_t>(~layerRangeBits);

    // If there are emulated channels, stage a clear to make sure those channels continue to contain
    // valid values.
    if (hasEmulatedChannels && aspect == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT)
    {
        VkClearValue clearValue;
        clearValue.color = kEmulatedInitColorValue;

        prependSubresourceUpdate(
            level, SubresourceUpdate(aspect, clearValue, level, layerIndex, layerCount));
        mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()].front().updateSource = UpdateSource::ClearAfterInvalidate;
    }
}

void ImageHelper::restoreSubresourceContent(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                            uint32_t layerIndex,
                                            uint32_t layerCount)
{
    restoreSubresourceContentImpl(
        level, layerIndex, layerCount,
        static_cast<VkImageAspectFlagBits>(getAspectFlags() & ~VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT),
        &getLevelContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)));
}

void ImageHelper::restoreSubresourceStencilContent(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                   uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                   uint32_t layerCount)
{
    restoreSubresourceContentImpl(level, layerIndex, layerCount, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT,
                                  &getLevelStencilContentDefined(toVkLevel(level)));
}

void ImageHelper::restoreSubresourceContentImpl(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                uint32_t layerCount,
                                                VkImageAspectFlagBits aspect,
                                                LevelContentDefinedMask *contentDefinedMask)
{
    if (layerIndex >= kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount)
    {
        return;
    }

    uint8_t layerRangeBits =
        GetContentDefinedLayerRangeBits(layerIndex, layerCount, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount);

    switch (aspect)
    {
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT:
            // Emulated depth channel should never have been marked invalid, so it can retain its
            // cleared value.
            ASSERT(!hasEmulatedDepthChannel() ||
                   (contentDefinedMask->bits() & layerRangeBits) == layerRangeBits);
            break;
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT:
            // Emulated stencil channel should never have been marked invalid, so it can retain its
            // cleared value.
            ASSERT(!hasEmulatedStencilChannel() ||
                   (contentDefinedMask->bits() & layerRangeBits) == layerRangeBits);
            break;
        case VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT:
            // This function is called on attachments during a render pass when it's determined that
            // they should no longer be considered invalidated.  For an attachment with emulated
            // format that has extra channels, invalidateSubresourceContentImpl may have proactively
            // inserted a clear so that the extra channels continue to have defined values.  That
            // clear should be removed.
            if (hasEmulatedImageChannels())
            {
                removeSingleStagedClearAfterInvalidate(level, layerIndex, layerCount);
            }
            // Additionally, as the resource has been rewritten to in the render pass, its no longer
            // cleared to the cached value.
            mCurrentSingleClearValue.reset();
            break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
            break;
    }

    *contentDefinedMask |= layerRangeBits;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdate(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                  const gl::ImageIndex &index,
                                                  const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                                  const gl::Offset &offset,
                                                  const gl::InternalFormat &formatInfo,
                                                  const gl::PixelUnpackState &unpack,
                                                  GLenum type,
                                                  const uint8_t *pixels,
                                                  const Format &vkFormat,
                                                  ImageAccess access)
{
    GLuint inputRowPitch   = 0;
    GLuint inputDepthPitch = 0;
    GLuint inputSkipBytes  = 0;
    ANGLE_TRY(CalculateBufferInfo(contextVk, glExtents, formatInfo, unpack, type, index.usesTex3D(),
                                  &inputRowPitch, &inputDepthPitch, &inputSkipBytes));

    ANGLE_TRY(stageSubresourceUpdateImpl(contextVk, index, glExtents, offset, formatInfo, unpack,
                                         type, pixels, vkFormat, access, inputRowPitch,
                                         inputDepthPitch, inputSkipBytes));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdateAndGetData(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                            size_t allocationSize,
                                                            const gl::ImageIndex &imageIndex,
                                                            const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                                            const gl::Offset &offset,
                                                            uint8_t **dstData,
                                                            angle::FormatID formatID)
{
    std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<BufferHelper>> stagingBuffer =
        std::make_unique<RefCounted<BufferHelper>>();
    BufferHelper *currentBuffer = &stagingBuffer->get();

    VkDeviceSize stagingOffset;
    ANGLE_TRY(currentBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, allocationSize,
                                                  MemoryCoherency::NonCoherent, formatID,
                                                  &stagingOffset, dstData));

    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(imageIndex.getLevelIndex());

    VkBufferImageCopy copy               = {};
    copy.bufferOffset                    = stagingOffset;
    copy.bufferRowLength                 = glExtents.width;
    copy.bufferImageHeight               = glExtents.height;
    copy.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    copy.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = updateLevelGL.get();
    copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = imageIndex.hasLayer() ? imageIndex.getLayerIndex() : 0;
    copy.imageSubresource.layerCount     = imageIndex.getLayerCount();

    // Note: Only support color now
    ASSERT((mActualFormatID == angle::FormatID::NONE) ||
           (getAspectFlags() == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT));

    gl_vk::GetOffset(offset, &copy.imageOffset);
    gl_vk::GetExtent(glExtents, &copy.imageExtent);

    appendSubresourceUpdate(
        updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.release(), currentBuffer, copy, formatID));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdateFromFramebuffer(
    const gl::Context *context,
    const gl::ImageIndex &index,
    const gl::Rectangle &sourceArea,
    const gl::Offset &dstOffset,
    const gl::Extents &dstExtent,
    const gl::InternalFormat &formatInfo,
    ImageAccess access,
    FramebufferVk *framebufferVk)
{
    ContextVk *contextVk = GetImpl(context);

    // If the extents and offset is outside the source image, we need to clip.
    gl::Rectangle clippedRectangle;
    const gl::Extents readExtents = framebufferVk->getReadImageExtents();
    if (!ClipRectangle(sourceArea, gl::Rectangle(0, 0, readExtents.width, readExtents.height),
                       &clippedRectangle))
    {
        // Empty source area, nothing to do.
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    bool isViewportFlipEnabled = contextVk->isViewportFlipEnabledForDrawFBO();
    if (isViewportFlipEnabled)
    {
        clippedRectangle.y = readExtents.height - clippedRectangle.y - clippedRectangle.height;
    }

    // 1- obtain a buffer handle to copy to
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    const Format &vkFormat             = renderer->getFormat(formatInfo.sizedInternalFormat);
    const angle::Format &storageFormat = vkFormat.getActualImageFormat(access);
    LoadImageFunctionInfo loadFunction = vkFormat.getTextureLoadFunction(access, formatInfo.type);

    size_t outputRowPitch   = storageFormat.pixelBytes * clippedRectangle.width;
    size_t outputDepthPitch = outputRowPitch * clippedRectangle.height;

    std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<BufferHelper>> stagingBuffer =
        std::make_unique<RefCounted<BufferHelper>>();
    BufferHelper *currentBuffer = &stagingBuffer->get();

    uint8_t *stagingPointer;
    VkDeviceSize stagingOffset;

    // The destination is only one layer deep.
    size_t allocationSize = outputDepthPitch;
    ANGLE_TRY(currentBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, allocationSize,
                                                  MemoryCoherency::NonCoherent, storageFormat.id,
                                                  &stagingOffset, &stagingPointer));

    const angle::Format &copyFormat =
        GetFormatFromFormatType(formatInfo.internalFormat, formatInfo.type);
    PackPixelsParams params(clippedRectangle, copyFormat, static_cast<GLuint>(outputRowPitch),
                            isViewportFlipEnabled, nullptr, 0);

    RenderTargetVk *readRenderTarget = framebufferVk->getColorReadRenderTarget();

    // 2- copy the source image region to the pixel buffer using a cpu readback
    if (loadFunction.requiresConversion)
    {
        // When a conversion is required, we need to use the loadFunction to read from a temporary
        // buffer instead so its an even slower path.
        size_t bufferSize =
            storageFormat.pixelBytes * clippedRectangle.width * clippedRectangle.height;
        angle::MemoryBuffer *memoryBuffer = nullptr;
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_ALLOC(contextVk, context->getScratchBuffer(bufferSize, &memoryBuffer));

        // Read into the scratch buffer
        ANGLE_TRY(framebufferVk->readPixelsImpl(contextVk, clippedRectangle, params,
                                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, readRenderTarget,
                                                memoryBuffer->data()));

        // Load from scratch buffer to our pixel buffer
        loadFunction.loadFunction(clippedRectangle.width, clippedRectangle.height, 1,
                                  memoryBuffer->data(), outputRowPitch, 0, stagingPointer,
                                  outputRowPitch, 0);
    }
    else
    {
        // We read directly from the framebuffer into our pixel buffer.
        ANGLE_TRY(framebufferVk->readPixelsImpl(contextVk, clippedRectangle, params,
                                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, readRenderTarget,
                                                stagingPointer));
    }

    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());

    // 3- enqueue the destination image subresource update
    VkBufferImageCopy copyToImage               = {};
    copyToImage.bufferOffset                    = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(stagingOffset);
    copyToImage.bufferRowLength                 = 0;  // Tightly packed data can be specified as 0.
    copyToImage.bufferImageHeight               = clippedRectangle.height;
    copyToImage.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    copyToImage.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = updateLevelGL.get();
    copyToImage.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = index.hasLayer() ? index.getLayerIndex() : 0;
    copyToImage.imageSubresource.layerCount     = index.getLayerCount();
    gl_vk::GetOffset(dstOffset, &copyToImage.imageOffset);
    gl_vk::GetExtent(dstExtent, &copyToImage.imageExtent);

    // 3- enqueue the destination image subresource update
    appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.release(), currentBuffer,
                                                             copyToImage, storageFormat.id));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdateFromImage(RefCounted<ImageHelper> *image,
                                                  const gl::ImageIndex &index,
                                                  LevelIndex srcMipLevel,
                                                  const gl::Offset &destOffset,
                                                  const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                                  const VkImageType imageType)
{
    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());
    VkImageAspectFlags imageAspectFlags = vk::GetFormatAspectFlags(image->get().getActualFormat());

    VkImageCopy copyToImage               = {};
    copyToImage.srcSubresource.aspectMask = imageAspectFlags;
    copyToImage.srcSubresource.mipLevel   = srcMipLevel.get();
    copyToImage.srcSubresource.layerCount = index.getLayerCount();
    copyToImage.dstSubresource.aspectMask = imageAspectFlags;
    copyToImage.dstSubresource.mipLevel   = updateLevelGL.get();

    if (imageType == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D)
    {
        // These values must be set explicitly to follow the Vulkan spec:
        // https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.1-extensions/man/html/VkImageCopy.html
        // If either of the calling command's srcImage or dstImage parameters are of VkImageType
        // VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D, the baseArrayLayer and layerCount members of the corresponding
        // subresource must be 0 and 1, respectively
        copyToImage.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        copyToImage.dstSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
        // Preserve the assumption that destOffset.z == "dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer"
        ASSERT(destOffset.z == (index.hasLayer() ? index.getLayerIndex() : 0));
    }
    else
    {
        copyToImage.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = index.hasLayer() ? index.getLayerIndex() : 0;
        copyToImage.dstSubresource.layerCount     = index.getLayerCount();
    }

    gl_vk::GetOffset(destOffset, &copyToImage.dstOffset);
    gl_vk::GetExtent(glExtents, &copyToImage.extent);

    appendSubresourceUpdate(
        updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(image, copyToImage, image->get().getActualFormatID()));
}

void ImageHelper::stageSubresourceUpdatesFromAllImageLevels(RefCounted<ImageHelper> *image,
                                                            gl::LevelIndex baseLevel)
{
    for (LevelIndex levelVk(0); levelVk < LevelIndex(image->get().getLevelCount()); ++levelVk)
    {
        const gl::LevelIndex levelGL = vk_gl::GetLevelIndex(levelVk, baseLevel);
        const gl::ImageIndex index =
            gl::ImageIndex::Make2DArrayRange(levelGL.get(), 0, image->get().getLayerCount());

        stageSubresourceUpdateFromImage(image, index, levelVk, gl::kOffsetZero,
                                        image->get().getLevelExtents(levelVk),
                                        image->get().getType());
    }
}

void ImageHelper::stageClear(const gl::ImageIndex &index,
                             VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                             const VkClearValue &clearValue)
{
    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());
    appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(aspectFlags, clearValue, index));
}

void ImageHelper::stageRobustResourceClear(const gl::ImageIndex &index)
{
    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = getAspectFlags();

    ASSERT(mActualFormatID != angle::FormatID::NONE);
    VkClearValue clearValue = GetRobustResourceClearValue(getIntendedFormat(), getActualFormat());

    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());
    appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(aspectFlags, clearValue, index));
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::stageRobustResourceClearWithFormat(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                              const gl::ImageIndex &index,
                                                              const gl::Extents &glExtents,
                                                              const angle::Format &intendedFormat,
                                                              const angle::Format &imageFormat)
{
    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetFormatAspectFlags(imageFormat);

    // Robust clears must only be staged if we do not have any prior data for this subresource.
    ASSERT(!hasStagedUpdatesForSubresource(gl::LevelIndex(index.getLevelIndex()),
                                           index.getLayerIndex(), index.getLayerCount()));

    VkClearValue clearValue = GetRobustResourceClearValue(intendedFormat, imageFormat);

    gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL(index.getLevelIndex());

    if (imageFormat.isBlock)
    {
        // This only supports doing an initial clear to 0, not clearing to a specific encoded RGBA
        // value
        ASSERT((clearValue.color.int32[0] == 0) && (clearValue.color.int32[1] == 0) &&
               (clearValue.color.int32[2] == 0) && (clearValue.color.int32[3] == 0));

        const gl::InternalFormat &formatInfo =
            gl::GetSizedInternalFormatInfo(imageFormat.glInternalFormat);
        GLuint totalSize;
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                            formatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(glExtents, &totalSize));

        std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<BufferHelper>> stagingBuffer =
            std::make_unique<RefCounted<BufferHelper>>();
        BufferHelper *currentBuffer = &stagingBuffer->get();

        uint8_t *stagingPointer;
        VkDeviceSize stagingOffset;
        ANGLE_TRY(currentBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, totalSize,
                                                      MemoryCoherency::NonCoherent, imageFormat.id,
                                                      &stagingOffset, &stagingPointer));
        memset(stagingPointer, 0, totalSize);

        VkBufferImageCopy copyRegion               = {};
        copyRegion.bufferOffset                    = stagingOffset;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.width               = glExtents.width;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.height              = glExtents.height;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.depth               = glExtents.depth;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = updateLevelGL.get();
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = aspectFlags;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = index.hasLayer() ? index.getLayerIndex() : 0;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.layerCount     = index.getLayerCount();

        // The update structure owns the staging buffer.
        appendSubresourceUpdate(
            updateLevelGL,
            SubresourceUpdate(stagingBuffer.release(), currentBuffer, copyRegion, imageFormat.id));
    }
    else
    {
        appendSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL, SubresourceUpdate(aspectFlags, clearValue, index));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void ImageHelper::stageClearIfEmulatedFormat(bool isRobustResourceInitEnabled, bool isExternalImage)
{
    // Skip staging extra clears if robust resource init is enabled.
    if (!hasEmulatedImageChannels() || isRobustResourceInitEnabled)
    {
        return;
    }

    VkClearValue clearValue = {};
    if (getIntendedFormat().hasDepthOrStencilBits())
    {
        clearValue.depthStencil = kRobustInitDepthStencilValue;
    }
    else
    {
        clearValue.color = kEmulatedInitColorValue;
    }

    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = getAspectFlags();

    // If the image has an emulated channel and robust resource init is not enabled, always clear
    // it. These channels will be masked out in future writes, and shouldn't contain uninitialized
    // values.
    //
    // For external images, we cannot clear the image entirely, as it may contain data in the
    // non-emulated channels.  For depth/stencil images, clear is already per aspect, but for color
    // images we would need to take a special path where we only clear the emulated channels.
    const bool clearOnlyEmulatedChannels =
        isExternalImage && !getIntendedFormat().hasDepthOrStencilBits();
    const VkColorComponentFlags colorMaskFlags =
        clearOnlyEmulatedChannels ? getEmulatedChannelsMask() : 0;

    for (LevelIndex level(0); level < LevelIndex(mLevelCount); ++level)
    {
        gl::LevelIndex updateLevelGL = toGLLevel(level);
        gl::ImageIndex index =
            gl::ImageIndex::Make2DArrayRange(updateLevelGL.get(), 0, mLayerCount);

        if (clearOnlyEmulatedChannels)
        {
            prependSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL,
                                     SubresourceUpdate(colorMaskFlags, clearValue.color, index));
        }
        else
        {
            prependSubresourceUpdate(updateLevelGL,
                                     SubresourceUpdate(aspectFlags, clearValue, index));
        }
    }
}

bool ImageHelper::verifyEmulatedClearsAreBeforeOtherUpdates(
    const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &updates)
{
    bool isIteratingEmulatedClears = true;

    for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : updates)
    {
        // If anything other than ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly is visited, there cannot be any
        // ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly updates after that.
        if (update.updateSource != UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly)
        {
            isIteratingEmulatedClears = false;
        }
        else if (!isIteratingEmulatedClears)
        {
            // If ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly is visited after another update, that's an error.
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Additionally, verify that emulated clear is not applied multiple times.
    if (updates.size() >= 2 && updates[1].updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly)
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

void ImageHelper::stageSelfAsSubresourceUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                uint32_t levelCount,
                                                gl::TexLevelMask skipLevelsMask)

{
    // Nothing to do if every level must be skipped
    gl::TexLevelMask levelsMask(angle::BitMask<uint32_t>(levelCount) << mFirstAllocatedLevel.get());
    if ((~skipLevelsMask & levelsMask).none())
    {
        return;
    }

    // Because we are cloning this object to another object, we must finalize the layout if it is
    // being used by current renderpass as attachment. Otherwise we are copying the incorrect layout
    // since it is determined at endRenderPass time.
    contextVk->finalizeImageLayout(this);

    std::unique_ptr<RefCounted<ImageHelper>> prevImage =
        std::make_unique<RefCounted<ImageHelper>>();

    // Move the necessary information for staged update to work, and keep the rest as part of this
    // object.

    // Usage info
    prevImage->get().Resource::operator=(std::move(*this));

    // Vulkan objects
    prevImage->get().mImage        = std::move(mImage);
    prevImage->get().mDeviceMemory = std::move(mDeviceMemory);

    // Barrier information.  Note: mLevelCount is set to levelCount so that only the necessary
    // levels are transitioned when flushing the update.
    prevImage->get().mIntendedFormatID            = mIntendedFormatID;
    prevImage->get().mActualFormatID              = mActualFormatID;
    prevImage->get().mCurrentLayout               = mCurrentLayout;
    prevImage->get().mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex     = mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex;
    prevImage->get().mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout;
    prevImage->get().mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = mCurrentShaderReadStageMask;
    prevImage->get().mLevelCount                  = levelCount;
    prevImage->get().mLayerCount                  = mLayerCount;
    prevImage->get().mImageSerial                 = mImageSerial;
    prevImage->get().mImageAndViewGarbage         = std::move(mImageAndViewGarbage);

    // Reset information for current (invalid) image.
    mCurrentLayout               = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex     = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    mLastNonShaderReadOnlyLayout = ImageLayout::Undefined;
    mCurrentShaderReadStageMask  = 0;
    mImageSerial                 = kInvalidImageSerial;

    setEntireContentUndefined();

    // Stage updates from the previous image.
    for (LevelIndex levelVk(0); levelVk < LevelIndex(levelCount); ++levelVk)
    {
        gl::LevelIndex levelGL = toGLLevel(levelVk);
        if (skipLevelsMask.test(levelGL.get()))
        {
            continue;
        }

        const gl::ImageIndex index =
            gl::ImageIndex::Make2DArrayRange(levelGL.get(), 0, mLayerCount);

        stageSubresourceUpdateFromImage(prevImage.get(), index, levelVk, gl::kOffsetZero,
                                        getLevelExtents(levelVk), mImageType);
    }

    ASSERT(levelCount > 0);
    prevImage.release();
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::flushSingleSubresourceStagedUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                               gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                                               uint32_t layer,
                                                               uint32_t layerCount,
                                                               ClearValuesArray *deferredClears,
                                                               uint32_t deferredClearIndex)
{
    std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelGL);
    if (levelUpdates == nullptr || levelUpdates->empty())
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    LevelIndex levelVk = toVkLevel(levelGL);

    // Handle deferred clears. Search the updates list for a matching clear index.
    if (deferredClears)
    {
        Optional<size_t> foundClear;

        for (size_t updateIndex = 0; updateIndex < levelUpdates->size(); ++updateIndex)
        {
            SubresourceUpdate &update = (*levelUpdates)[updateIndex];

            if (update.isUpdateToLayers(layer, layerCount))
            {
                // On any data update, exit out. We'll need to do a full upload.
                const bool isClear              = IsClearOfAllChannels(update.updateSource);
                const uint32_t updateLayerCount = isClear ? update.data.clear.layerCount : 0;
                const uint32_t imageLayerCount =
                    mImageType == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D ? getLevelExtents(levelVk).depth : mLayerCount;

                if (!isClear || (updateLayerCount != layerCount &&
                                 !(update.data.clear.layerCount == VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS &&
                                   imageLayerCount == layerCount)))
                {
                    foundClear.reset();
                    break;
                }

                // Otherwise track the latest clear update index.
                foundClear = updateIndex;
            }
        }

        // If we have a valid index we defer the clear using the clear reference.
        if (foundClear.valid())
        {
            size_t foundIndex         = foundClear.value();
            const ClearUpdate &update = (*levelUpdates)[foundIndex].data.clear;

            // Note that this set command handles combined or separate depth/stencil clears.
            deferredClears->store(deferredClearIndex, update.aspectFlags, update.value);

            // Do not call onWrite as it removes mCurrentSingleClearValue, but instead call
            // setContentDefined directly.
            setContentDefined(toVkLevel(levelGL), 1, layer, layerCount, update.aspectFlags);

            // We process the updates again to erase any clears for this level.
            removeSingleSubresourceStagedUpdates(contextVk, levelGL, layer, layerCount);
            return angle::Result::Continue;
        }

        // Otherwise we proceed with a normal update.
    }

    return flushStagedUpdates(contextVk, levelGL, levelGL + 1, layer, layer + layerCount, {});
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::flushStagedUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                              gl::LevelIndex levelGLStart,
                                              gl::LevelIndex levelGLEnd,
                                              uint32_t layerStart,
                                              uint32_t layerEnd,
                                              gl::TexLevelMask skipLevelsMask)
{
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    if (!hasStagedUpdatesInLevels(levelGLStart, levelGLEnd))
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    removeSupersededUpdates(contextVk, skipLevelsMask);

    // If a clear is requested and we know it was previously cleared with the same value, we drop
    // the clear.
    if (mCurrentSingleClearValue.valid())
    {
        std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates =
            getLevelUpdates(gl::LevelIndex(mCurrentSingleClearValue.value().levelIndex));
        if (levelUpdates && levelUpdates->size() == 1)
        {
            SubresourceUpdate &update = (*levelUpdates)[0];
            if (IsClearOfAllChannels(update.updateSource) &&
                mCurrentSingleClearValue.value() == update.data.clear)
            {
                ASSERT(levelGLStart + 1 == levelGLEnd);
                setContentDefined(toVkLevel(levelGLStart), 1, layerStart, layerEnd - layerStart,
                                  update.data.clear.aspectFlags);
                ANGLE_VK_PERF_WARNING(contextVk, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_LOW,
                                      "Repeated Clear on framebuffer attachment dropped");
                update.release(contextVk->getRenderer());
                levelUpdates->clear();
                return angle::Result::Continue;
            }
        }
    }

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetFormatAspectFlags(getActualFormat());

    // For each level, upload layers that don't conflict in parallel.  The layer is hashed to
    // `layer % 64` and used to track whether that subresource is currently in transfer.  If so, a
    // barrier is inserted.  If mLayerCount > 64, there will be a few unnecessary barriers.
    //
    // Note: when a barrier is necessary when uploading updates to a level, we could instead move to
    // the next level and continue uploads in parallel.  Once all levels need a barrier, a single
    // barrier can be issued and we could continue with the rest of the updates from the first
    // level.
    constexpr uint32_t kMaxParallelSubresourceUpload = 64;

    // Start in TransferDst.  Don't yet mark any subresource as having defined contents; that is
    // done with fine granularity as updates are applied.  This is achieved by specifying a layer
    // that is outside the tracking range.
    CommandBufferAccess access;
    access.onImageTransferWrite(levelGLStart, 1, kMaxContentDefinedLayerCount, 0, aspectFlags,
                                this);

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    for (gl::LevelIndex updateMipLevelGL = levelGLStart; updateMipLevelGL < levelGLEnd;
         ++updateMipLevelGL)
    {
        std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(updateMipLevelGL);
        if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
        {
            ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(updateMipLevelGL.get()) >= mSubresourceUpdates.size());
            break;
        }

        std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> updatesToKeep;

        // Hash map of uploads in progress.  See comment on kMaxParallelSubresourceUpload.
        uint64_t subresourceUploadsInProgress = 0;

        for (SubresourceUpdate &update : *levelUpdates)
        {
            ASSERT(IsClear(update.updateSource) ||
                   (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer &&
                    update.data.buffer.bufferHelper != nullptr) ||
                   (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image &&
                    update.refCounted.image != nullptr && update.refCounted.image->isReferenced() &&
                    update.refCounted.image->get().valid()));

            uint32_t updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount;
            update.getDestSubresource(mLayerCount, &updateBaseLayer, &updateLayerCount);

            // If the update layers don't intersect the requested layers, skip the update.
            const bool areUpdateLayersOutsideRange =
                updateBaseLayer + updateLayerCount <= layerStart || updateBaseLayer >= layerEnd;

            const LevelIndex updateMipLevelVk = toVkLevel(updateMipLevelGL);

            // Additionally, if updates to this level are specifically asked to be skipped, skip
            // them. This can happen when recreating an image that has been partially incompatibly
            // redefined, in which case only updates to the levels that haven't been redefined
            // should be flushed.
            if (areUpdateLayersOutsideRange || skipLevelsMask.test(updateMipLevelGL.get()))
            {
                updatesToKeep.emplace_back(std::move(update));
                continue;
            }

            // The updates were holding gl::LevelIndex values so that they would not need
            // modification when the base level of the texture changes.  Now that the update is
            // about to take effect, we need to change miplevel to LevelIndex.
            if (IsClear(update.updateSource))
            {
                update.data.clear.levelIndex = updateMipLevelVk.get();
            }
            else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer)
            {
                if (update.data.buffer.formatID != mActualFormatID)
                {
                    // TODD: http://anglebug.com/6368, we should handle this in higher level code.
                    // If we have incompatible updates, skip but keep it.
                    updatesToKeep.emplace_back(std::move(update));
                    continue;
                }
                update.data.buffer.copyRegion.imageSubresource.mipLevel = updateMipLevelVk.get();
            }
            else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image)
            {
                if (update.data.image.formatID != mActualFormatID)
                {
                    // If we have incompatible updates, skip but keep it.
                    updatesToKeep.emplace_back(std::move(update));
                    continue;
                }
                update.data.image.copyRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel = updateMipLevelVk.get();
            }

            if (updateLayerCount >= kMaxParallelSubresourceUpload)
            {
                // If there are more subresources than bits we can track, always insert a barrier.
                recordWriteBarrier(contextVk, aspectFlags, ImageLayout::TransferDst, commandBuffer);
                subresourceUploadsInProgress = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
            }
            else
            {
                const uint64_t subresourceHashRange = angle::BitMask<uint64_t>(updateLayerCount);
                const uint32_t subresourceHashOffset =
                    updateBaseLayer % kMaxParallelSubresourceUpload;
                const uint64_t subresourceHash =
                    ANGLE_ROTL64(subresourceHashRange, subresourceHashOffset);

                if ((subresourceUploadsInProgress & subresourceHash) != 0)
                {
                    // If there's overlap in subresource upload, issue a barrier.
                    recordWriteBarrier(contextVk, aspectFlags, ImageLayout::TransferDst,
                                       commandBuffer);
                    subresourceUploadsInProgress = 0;
                }
                subresourceUploadsInProgress |= subresourceHash;
            }

            if (IsClearOfAllChannels(update.updateSource))
            {
                clear(update.data.clear.aspectFlags, update.data.clear.value, updateMipLevelVk,
                      updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount, commandBuffer);
                // Remember the latest operation is a clear call
                mCurrentSingleClearValue = update.data.clear;

                // Do not call onWrite as it removes mCurrentSingleClearValue, but instead call
                // setContentDefined directly.
                setContentDefined(updateMipLevelVk, 1, updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount,
                                  update.data.clear.aspectFlags);
            }
            else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly)
            {
                ANGLE_TRY(clearEmulatedChannels(contextVk, update.data.clear.colorMaskFlags,
                                                update.data.clear.value, updateMipLevelVk,
                                                updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount));

                // Do not call onWrite.  Even though some channels of the image are cleared, don't
                // consider the contents defined.  Also, since clearing emulated channels is a
                // one-time thing that's superseded by Clears, |mCurrentSingleClearValue| is
                // irrelevant and can't have a value.
                ASSERT(!mCurrentSingleClearValue.valid());

                // Refresh the command buffer because clearEmulatedChannels may have flushed it.
                // This also transitions the image back to TransferDst, in case it's no longer in
                // that layout.
                ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));
            }
            else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer)
            {
                BufferUpdate &bufferUpdate = update.data.buffer;

                BufferHelper *currentBuffer = bufferUpdate.bufferHelper;
                ASSERT(currentBuffer && currentBuffer->valid());
                ANGLE_TRY(currentBuffer->flush(renderer));

                CommandBufferAccess bufferAccess;
                bufferAccess.onBufferTransferRead(currentBuffer);
                ANGLE_TRY(
                    contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(bufferAccess, &commandBuffer));

                VkBufferImageCopy *copyRegion = &update.data.buffer.copyRegion;
                commandBuffer->copyBufferToImage(currentBuffer->getBuffer().getHandle(), mImage,
                                                 getCurrentLayout(), 1, copyRegion);
                ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->onCopyUpdate(currentBuffer->getSize()));
                onWrite(updateMipLevelGL, 1, updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount,
                        copyRegion->imageSubresource.aspectMask);
            }
            else
            {
                ASSERT(update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image);
                CommandBufferAccess imageAccess;
                imageAccess.onImageTransferRead(aspectFlags, &update.refCounted.image->get());
                ANGLE_TRY(
                    contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(imageAccess, &commandBuffer));

                VkImageCopy *copyRegion = &update.data.image.copyRegion;
                commandBuffer->copyImage(update.refCounted.image->get().getImage(),
                                         update.refCounted.image->get().getCurrentLayout(), mImage,
                                         getCurrentLayout(), 1, copyRegion);
                onWrite(updateMipLevelGL, 1, updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount,
                        copyRegion->dstSubresource.aspectMask);
            }

            update.release(contextVk->getRenderer());
        }

        // Only remove the updates that were actually applied to the image.
        *levelUpdates = std::move(updatesToKeep);
    }

    // Compact mSubresourceUpdates, then check if there are any updates left.
    size_t compactSize;
    for (compactSize = mSubresourceUpdates.size(); compactSize > 0; --compactSize)
    {
        if (!mSubresourceUpdates[compactSize - 1].empty())
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    mSubresourceUpdates.resize(compactSize);

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    // If no updates left, release the staging buffers to save memory.
    if (mSubresourceUpdates.empty())
    {
        onStateChange(angle::SubjectMessage::InitializationComplete);
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::flushAllStagedUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    return flushStagedUpdates(contextVk, mFirstAllocatedLevel, mFirstAllocatedLevel + mLevelCount,
                              0, mLayerCount, {});
}

bool ImageHelper::hasStagedUpdatesForSubresource(gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                                 uint32_t layer,
                                                 uint32_t layerCount) const
{
    // Check to see if any updates are staged for the given level and layer

    const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelGL);
    if (levelUpdates == nullptr || levelUpdates->empty())
    {
        return false;
    }

    for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : *levelUpdates)
    {
        uint32_t updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount;
        update.getDestSubresource(mLayerCount, &updateBaseLayer, &updateLayerCount);

        const uint32_t updateLayerEnd = updateBaseLayer + updateLayerCount;
        const uint32_t layerEnd       = layer + layerCount;

        if ((layer >= updateBaseLayer && layer < updateLayerEnd) ||
            (layerEnd > updateBaseLayer && layerEnd <= updateLayerEnd))
        {
            // The layers intersect with the update range
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

bool ImageHelper::removeStagedClearUpdatesAndReturnColor(gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                                         const VkClearColorValue **color)
{
    std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelGL);
    if (levelUpdates == nullptr || levelUpdates->empty())
    {
        return false;
    }

    bool result = false;

    for (size_t index = 0; index < levelUpdates->size();)
    {
        auto update = levelUpdates->begin() + index;
        if (IsClearOfAllChannels(update->updateSource))
        {
            if (color != nullptr)
            {
                *color = &update->data.clear.value.color;
            }
            levelUpdates->erase(update);
            result = true;
        }
    }

    return result;
}

gl::LevelIndex ImageHelper::getLastAllocatedLevel() const
{
    return mFirstAllocatedLevel + mLevelCount - 1;
}

bool ImageHelper::hasStagedUpdatesInAllocatedLevels() const
{
    return hasStagedUpdatesInLevels(mFirstAllocatedLevel, getLastAllocatedLevel() + 1);
}

bool ImageHelper::hasStagedUpdatesInLevels(gl::LevelIndex levelStart, gl::LevelIndex levelEnd) const
{
    for (gl::LevelIndex level = levelStart; level < levelEnd; ++level)
    {
        const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(level);
        if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
        {
            ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(level.get()) >= mSubresourceUpdates.size());
            return false;
        }

        if (!levelUpdates->empty())
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool ImageHelper::hasStagedImageUpdatesWithMismatchedFormat(gl::LevelIndex levelStart,
                                                            gl::LevelIndex levelEnd,
                                                            angle::FormatID formatID) const
{
    for (gl::LevelIndex level = levelStart; level < levelEnd; ++level)
    {
        const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(level);
        if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
        {
            continue;
        }

        for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : *levelUpdates)
        {
            if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image &&
                update.data.image.formatID != formatID)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool ImageHelper::validateSubresourceUpdateBufferRefConsistent(
    RefCounted<BufferHelper> *buffer) const
{
    if (buffer == nullptr)
    {
        return true;
    }

    uint32_t refs = 0;

    for (const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &levelUpdates : mSubresourceUpdates)
    {
        for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : levelUpdates)
        {
            if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer && update.refCounted.buffer == buffer)
            {
                ++refs;
            }
        }
    }

    return buffer->isRefCountAsExpected(refs);
}

bool ImageHelper::validateSubresourceUpdateImageRefConsistent(RefCounted<ImageHelper> *image) const
{
    if (image == nullptr)
    {
        return true;
    }

    uint32_t refs = 0;

    for (const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &levelUpdates : mSubresourceUpdates)
    {
        for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : levelUpdates)
        {
            if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image && update.refCounted.image == image)
            {
                ++refs;
            }
        }
    }

    return image->isRefCountAsExpected(refs);
}

bool ImageHelper::validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent() const
{
    for (const std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> &levelUpdates : mSubresourceUpdates)
    {
        for (const SubresourceUpdate &update : levelUpdates)
        {
            if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image)
            {
                if (!validateSubresourceUpdateImageRefConsistent(update.refCounted.image))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer)
            {
                if (!validateSubresourceUpdateBufferRefConsistent(update.refCounted.buffer))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}

void ImageHelper::removeSupersededUpdates(ContextVk *contextVk, gl::TexLevelMask skipLevelsMask)
{
    if (mLayerCount > 64)
    {
        // Not implemented for images with more than 64 layers.  A 64-bit mask is used for
        // efficiency, hence the limit.
        return;
    }

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());

    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    // Go over updates in reverse order, and mark the layers they completely overwrite.  If an
    // update is encountered whose layers are all already marked, that update is superseded by
    // future updates, so it can be dropped.  This tracking is done per level.  If the aspect being
    // written to is color/depth or stencil, index 0 or 1 is used respectively.  This is so
    // that if a depth write for example covers the whole subresource, a stencil write to that same
    // subresource is not dropped.
    constexpr size_t kIndexColorOrDepth = 0;
    constexpr size_t kIndexStencil      = 1;
    uint64_t supersededLayers[2]        = {};

    gl::Extents levelExtents = {};

    // Note: this lambda only needs |this|, but = is specified because clang warns about kIndex* not
    // needing capture, while MSVC fails to compile without capturing them.
    auto markLayersAndDropSuperseded = [=, &supersededLayers,
                                        &levelExtents](SubresourceUpdate &update) {
        uint32_t updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount;
        update.getDestSubresource(mLayerCount, &updateBaseLayer, &updateLayerCount);

        const VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask = update.getDestAspectFlags();
        const bool hasColorOrDepth =
            (aspectMask & (VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT |
                           VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT |
                           VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT)) != 0;
        const bool hasStencil = (aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0;

        // Test if the update is to layers that are all superseded.  In that case, drop the update.
        ASSERT(updateLayerCount <= 64);
        uint64_t updateLayersMask = updateLayerCount >= 64
                                        ? ~static_cast<uint64_t>(0)
                                        : angle::BitMask<uint64_t>(updateLayerCount);
        updateLayersMask <<= updateBaseLayer;

        const bool isColorOrDepthSuperseded =
            !hasColorOrDepth ||
            (supersededLayers[kIndexColorOrDepth] & updateLayersMask) == updateLayersMask;
        const bool isStencilSuperseded =
            !hasStencil || (supersededLayers[kIndexStencil] & updateLayersMask) == updateLayersMask;

        if (isColorOrDepthSuperseded && isStencilSuperseded)
        {
            ANGLE_VK_PERF_WARNING(contextVk, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_LOW,
                                  "Dropped image update that is superseded by an overlapping one");

            update.release(renderer);
            return true;
        }

        // Get the area this update affects.  Note that clear updates always clear the whole
        // subresource.
        gl::Box updateBox(gl::kOffsetZero, levelExtents);

        if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer)
        {
            updateBox = gl::Box(update.data.buffer.copyRegion.imageOffset,
                                update.data.buffer.copyRegion.imageExtent);
        }
        else if (update.updateSource == UpdateSource::Image)
        {
            updateBox = gl::Box(update.data.image.copyRegion.dstOffset,
                                update.data.image.copyRegion.extent);
        }

        // Only if the update is to the whole subresource, mark its layers.
        if (updateBox.coversSameExtent(levelExtents))
        {
            if (hasColorOrDepth)
            {
                supersededLayers[kIndexColorOrDepth] |= updateLayersMask;
            }
            if (hasStencil)
            {
                supersededLayers[kIndexStencil] |= updateLayersMask;
            }
        }

        return false;
    };

    for (LevelIndex levelVk(0); levelVk < LevelIndex(mLevelCount); ++levelVk)
    {
        gl::LevelIndex levelGL                       = toGLLevel(levelVk);
        std::vector<SubresourceUpdate> *levelUpdates = getLevelUpdates(levelGL);
        if (levelUpdates == nullptr)
        {
            ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(levelGL.get()) >= mSubresourceUpdates.size());
            break;
        }

        // If level is skipped (because incompatibly redefined), don't remove any of its updates.
        if (skipLevelsMask.test(levelGL.get()))
        {
            continue;
        }

        // ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly updates can only be in the beginning of the list of updates.
        // They don't entirely clear the image, so they cannot supersede any update.
        ASSERT(verifyEmulatedClearsAreBeforeOtherUpdates(*levelUpdates));

        levelExtents                         = getLevelExtents(levelVk);
        supersededLayers[kIndexColorOrDepth] = 0;
        supersededLayers[kIndexStencil]      = 0;

        levelUpdates->erase(levelUpdates->rend().base(),
                            std::remove_if(levelUpdates->rbegin(), levelUpdates->rend(),
                                           markLayersAndDropSuperseded)
                                .base());
    }

    ASSERT(validateSubresourceUpdateRefCountsConsistent());
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::copyImageDataToBuffer(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 gl::LevelIndex sourceLevelGL,
                                                 uint32_t layerCount,
                                                 uint32_t baseLayer,
                                                 const gl::Box &sourceArea,
                                                 BufferHelper *dstBuffer,
                                                 uint8_t **outDataPtr)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "ImageHelper::copyImageDataToBuffer");

    const angle::Format &imageFormat = getActualFormat();

    // Two VK formats (one depth-only, one combined depth/stencil) use an extra byte for depth.
    // From https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.1/html/vkspec.html#VkBufferImageCopy:
    //  data copied to or from the depth aspect of a VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32 or
    //  VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT format is packed with one 32-bit word per texel...
    // So make sure if we hit the depth/stencil format that we have 5 bytes per pixel (4 for depth
    //  data, 1 for stencil). NOTE that depth-only VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32 already has 4 bytes
    //  per pixel which is sufficient to contain its depth aspect (no stencil aspect).
    uint32_t pixelBytes         = imageFormat.pixelBytes;
    uint32_t depthBytesPerPixel = imageFormat.depthBits >> 3;
    if (getActualVkFormat() == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT)
    {
        pixelBytes         = 5;
        depthBytesPerPixel = 4;
    }

    size_t bufferSize =
        sourceArea.width * sourceArea.height * sourceArea.depth * pixelBytes * layerCount;

    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = getAspectFlags();

    // Allocate coherent staging buffer
    ASSERT(dstBuffer != nullptr && !dstBuffer->valid());
    VkDeviceSize dstOffset;
    ANGLE_TRY(dstBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, bufferSize, MemoryCoherency::Coherent,
                                              imageFormat.id, &dstOffset, outDataPtr));
    VkBuffer bufferHandle = dstBuffer->getBuffer().getHandle();

    LevelIndex sourceLevelVk = toVkLevel(sourceLevelGL);

    VkBufferImageCopy regions[2] = {};
    uint32_t regionCount         = 1;
    // Default to non-combined DS case
    regions[0].bufferOffset                    = dstOffset;
    regions[0].bufferRowLength                 = 0;
    regions[0].bufferImageHeight               = 0;
    regions[0].imageExtent.width               = sourceArea.width;
    regions[0].imageExtent.height              = sourceArea.height;
    regions[0].imageExtent.depth               = sourceArea.depth;
    regions[0].imageOffset.x                   = sourceArea.x;
    regions[0].imageOffset.y                   = sourceArea.y;
    regions[0].imageOffset.z                   = sourceArea.z;
    regions[0].imageSubresource.aspectMask     = aspectFlags;
    regions[0].imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = baseLayer;
    regions[0].imageSubresource.layerCount     = layerCount;
    regions[0].imageSubresource.mipLevel       = sourceLevelVk.get();

    if (isCombinedDepthStencilFormat())
    {
        // For combined DS image we'll copy depth and stencil aspects separately
        // Depth aspect comes first in buffer and can use most settings from above
        regions[0].imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;

        // Get depth data size since stencil data immediately follows depth data in buffer
        const VkDeviceSize depthSize = depthBytesPerPixel * sourceArea.width * sourceArea.height *
                                       sourceArea.depth * layerCount;

        // Double-check that we allocated enough buffer space (always 1 byte per stencil)
        ASSERT(bufferSize >= (depthSize + (sourceArea.width * sourceArea.height * sourceArea.depth *
                                           layerCount)));

        // Copy stencil data into buffer immediately following the depth data
        const VkDeviceSize stencilOffset       = dstOffset + depthSize;
        regions[1]                             = regions[0];
        regions[1].bufferOffset                = stencilOffset;
        regions[1].imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        regionCount++;
    }

    CommandBufferAccess access;
    access.onBufferTransferWrite(dstBuffer);
    access.onImageTransferRead(aspectFlags, this);

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    commandBuffer->copyImageToBuffer(mImage, getCurrentLayout(), bufferHandle, regionCount,
                                     regions);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::copySurfaceImageToBuffer(DisplayVk *displayVk,
                                                    gl::LevelIndex sourceLevelGL,
                                                    uint32_t layerCount,
                                                    uint32_t baseLayer,
                                                    const gl::Box &sourceArea,
                                                    vk::BufferHelper *bufferHelper)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "ImageHelper::copySurfaceImageToBuffer");

    RendererVk *rendererVk = displayVk->getRenderer();

    VkBufferImageCopy region               = {};
    region.bufferOffset                    = 0;
    region.bufferRowLength                 = 0;
    region.bufferImageHeight               = 0;
    region.imageExtent.width               = sourceArea.width;
    region.imageExtent.height              = sourceArea.height;
    region.imageExtent.depth               = sourceArea.depth;
    region.imageOffset.x                   = sourceArea.x;
    region.imageOffset.y                   = sourceArea.y;
    region.imageOffset.z                   = sourceArea.z;
    region.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = getAspectFlags();
    region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = baseLayer;
    region.imageSubresource.layerCount     = layerCount;
    region.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = toVkLevel(sourceLevelGL).get();

    PrimaryCommandBuffer primaryCommandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(rendererVk->getCommandBufferOneOff(displayVk, false, &primaryCommandBuffer));

    barrierImpl(displayVk, getAspectFlags(), ImageLayout::TransferSrc, mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex,
                &primaryCommandBuffer);
    primaryCommandBuffer.copyImageToBuffer(mImage, getCurrentLayout(),
                                           bufferHelper->getBuffer().getHandle(), 1, &region);

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk, primaryCommandBuffer.end());

    // Create fence for the submission
    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
    fenceInfo.sType             = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
    fenceInfo.flags             = 0;

    vk::DeviceScoped<vk::Fence> fence(rendererVk->getDevice());
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk, fence.get().init(rendererVk->getDevice(), fenceInfo));

    Serial serial;
    ANGLE_TRY(rendererVk->queueSubmitOneOff(displayVk, std::move(primaryCommandBuffer), false,
                                            egl::ContextPriority::Medium, nullptr, 0, &fence.get(),
                                            vk::SubmitPolicy::EnsureSubmitted, &serial));

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk,
                 fence.get().wait(rendererVk->getDevice(), rendererVk->getMaxFenceWaitTimeNs()));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::copyBufferToSurfaceImage(DisplayVk *displayVk,
                                                    gl::LevelIndex sourceLevelGL,
                                                    uint32_t layerCount,
                                                    uint32_t baseLayer,
                                                    const gl::Box &sourceArea,
                                                    vk::BufferHelper *bufferHelper)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "ImageHelper::copyBufferToSurfaceImage");

    RendererVk *rendererVk = displayVk->getRenderer();

    VkBufferImageCopy region               = {};
    region.bufferOffset                    = 0;
    region.bufferRowLength                 = 0;
    region.bufferImageHeight               = 0;
    region.imageExtent.width               = sourceArea.width;
    region.imageExtent.height              = sourceArea.height;
    region.imageExtent.depth               = sourceArea.depth;
    region.imageOffset.x                   = sourceArea.x;
    region.imageOffset.y                   = sourceArea.y;
    region.imageOffset.z                   = sourceArea.z;
    region.imageSubresource.aspectMask     = getAspectFlags();
    region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = baseLayer;
    region.imageSubresource.layerCount     = layerCount;
    region.imageSubresource.mipLevel       = toVkLevel(sourceLevelGL).get();

    PrimaryCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(rendererVk->getCommandBufferOneOff(displayVk, false, &commandBuffer));

    barrierImpl(displayVk, getAspectFlags(), ImageLayout::TransferDst, mCurrentQueueFamilyIndex,
                &commandBuffer);
    commandBuffer.copyBufferToImage(bufferHelper->getBuffer().getHandle(), mImage,
                                    getCurrentLayout(), 1, &region);

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk, commandBuffer.end());

    // Create fence for the submission
    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
    fenceInfo.sType             = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
    fenceInfo.flags             = 0;

    vk::DeviceScoped<vk::Fence> fence(rendererVk->getDevice());
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk, fence.get().init(rendererVk->getDevice(), fenceInfo));

    Serial serial;
    ANGLE_TRY(rendererVk->queueSubmitOneOff(displayVk, std::move(commandBuffer), false,
                                            egl::ContextPriority::Medium, nullptr, 0, &fence.get(),
                                            vk::SubmitPolicy::EnsureSubmitted, &serial));

    ANGLE_VK_TRY(displayVk,
                 fence.get().wait(rendererVk->getDevice(), rendererVk->getMaxFenceWaitTimeNs()));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

// static
angle::Result ImageHelper::GetReadPixelsParams(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                               const gl::PixelPackState &packState,
                                               gl::Buffer *packBuffer,
                                               GLenum format,
                                               GLenum type,
                                               const gl::Rectangle &area,
                                               const gl::Rectangle &clippedArea,
                                               PackPixelsParams *paramsOut,
                                               GLuint *skipBytesOut)
{
    const gl::InternalFormat &sizedFormatInfo = gl::GetInternalFormatInfo(format, type);

    GLuint outputPitch = 0;
    ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                        sizedFormatInfo.computeRowPitch(type, area.width, packState.alignment,
                                                        packState.rowLength, &outputPitch));
    ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk, sizedFormatInfo.computeSkipBytes(type, outputPitch, 0, packState,
                                                                    false, skipBytesOut));

    *skipBytesOut += (clippedArea.x - area.x) * sizedFormatInfo.pixelBytes +
                     (clippedArea.y - area.y) * outputPitch;

    const angle::Format &angleFormat = GetFormatFromFormatType(format, type);

    *paramsOut = PackPixelsParams(clippedArea, angleFormat, outputPitch, packState.reverseRowOrder,
                                  packBuffer, 0);
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::readPixelsForGetImage(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 const gl::PixelPackState &packState,
                                                 gl::Buffer *packBuffer,
                                                 gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                                 uint32_t layer,
                                                 uint32_t layerCount,
                                                 GLenum format,
                                                 GLenum type,
                                                 void *pixels)
{
    const angle::Format &angleFormat = GetFormatFromFormatType(format, type);

    VkImageAspectFlagBits aspectFlags = {};
    if (angleFormat.redBits > 0 || angleFormat.blueBits > 0 || angleFormat.greenBits > 0 ||
        angleFormat.alphaBits > 0 || angleFormat.luminanceBits > 0)
    {
        aspectFlags = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    }
    else
    {
        if (angleFormat.depthBits > 0)
        {
            if (angleFormat.stencilBits != 0)
            {
                // TODO (anglebug.com/4688) Support combined depth stencil for GetTexImage
                WARN() << "Unable to pull stencil from combined depth/stencil for GetTexImage";
            }
            aspectFlags = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
        }
        else if (angleFormat.stencilBits > 0)
        {
            aspectFlags = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        }
    }

    ASSERT(aspectFlags != 0);

    PackPixelsParams params;
    GLuint outputSkipBytes = 0;

    const LevelIndex levelVk     = toVkLevel(levelGL);
    const gl::Extents mipExtents = getLevelExtents(levelVk);
    gl::Rectangle area(0, 0, mipExtents.width, mipExtents.height);

    ANGLE_TRY(GetReadPixelsParams(contextVk, packState, packBuffer, format, type, area, area,
                                  &params, &outputSkipBytes));

    if (mExtents.depth > 1 || layerCount > 1)
    {
        ASSERT(layer == 0);
        ASSERT(layerCount == 1 || mipExtents.depth == 1);

        uint32_t lastLayer = std::max(static_cast<uint32_t>(mipExtents.depth), layerCount);

        // Depth > 1 means this is a 3D texture and we need to copy all layers
        for (uint32_t mipLayer = 0; mipLayer < lastLayer; mipLayer++)
        {
            ANGLE_TRY(readPixels(contextVk, area, params, aspectFlags, levelGL, mipLayer,
                                 static_cast<uint8_t *>(pixels) + outputSkipBytes));

            outputSkipBytes += mipExtents.width * mipExtents.height *
                               gl::GetInternalFormatInfo(format, type).pixelBytes;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(readPixels(contextVk, area, params, aspectFlags, levelGL, layer,
                             static_cast<uint8_t *>(pixels) + outputSkipBytes));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::readPixelsForCompressedGetImage(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                           const gl::PixelPackState &packState,
                                                           gl::Buffer *packBuffer,
                                                           gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                                           uint32_t layer,
                                                           uint32_t layerCount,
                                                           void *pixels)
{
    PackPixelsParams params;
    GLuint outputSkipBytes = 0;

    const LevelIndex levelVk = toVkLevel(levelGL);
    gl::Extents mipExtents   = getLevelExtents(levelVk);
    gl::Rectangle area(0, 0, mipExtents.width, mipExtents.height);

    VkImageAspectFlagBits aspectFlags = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

    const angle::Format *readFormat = &getActualFormat();

    // TODO(anglebug.com/6177): Implement encoding for emuluated compression formats
    ANGLE_VK_CHECK(contextVk, readFormat->isBlock, VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);

    if (mExtents.depth > 1 || layerCount > 1)
    {
        ASSERT(layer == 0);
        ASSERT(layerCount == 1 || mipExtents.depth == 1);

        uint32_t lastLayer = std::max(static_cast<uint32_t>(mipExtents.depth), layerCount);

        const vk::Format &vkFormat = contextVk->getRenderer()->getFormat(readFormat->id);
        const gl::InternalFormat &storageFormatInfo =
            vkFormat.getInternalFormatInfo(readFormat->componentType);

        // Calculate size for one layer
        mipExtents.depth = 1;
        GLuint layerSize;
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                            storageFormatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(mipExtents, &layerSize));

        // Depth > 1 means this is a 3D texture and we need to copy all layers
        for (uint32_t mipLayer = 0; mipLayer < lastLayer; mipLayer++)
        {
            ANGLE_TRY(readPixels(contextVk, area, params, aspectFlags, levelGL, mipLayer,
                                 static_cast<uint8_t *>(pixels) + outputSkipBytes));
            outputSkipBytes += layerSize;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(readPixels(contextVk, area, params, aspectFlags, levelGL, layer,
                             static_cast<uint8_t *>(pixels) + outputSkipBytes));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

bool ImageHelper::canCopyWithTransformForReadPixels(const PackPixelsParams &packPixelsParams,
                                                    const angle::Format *readFormat)
{
    ASSERT(mActualFormatID != angle::FormatID::NONE && mIntendedFormatID != angle::FormatID::NONE);

    // Only allow copies to PBOs with identical format.
    const bool isSameFormatCopy = *readFormat == *packPixelsParams.destFormat;

    // Disallow any transformation.
    const bool needsTransformation =
        packPixelsParams.rotation != SurfaceRotation::Identity || packPixelsParams.reverseRowOrder;

    // Disallow copies when the output pitch cannot be correctly specified in Vulkan.
    const bool isPitchMultipleOfTexelSize =
        packPixelsParams.outputPitch % readFormat->pixelBytes == 0;

    // Don't allow copies from emulated formats for simplicity.
    return !hasEmulatedImageFormat() && isSameFormatCopy && !needsTransformation &&
           isPitchMultipleOfTexelSize;
}

angle::Result ImageHelper::readPixels(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                      const gl::Rectangle &area,
                                      const PackPixelsParams &packPixelsParams,
                                      VkImageAspectFlagBits copyAspectFlags,
                                      gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
                                      uint32_t layer,
                                      void *pixels)
{
    ANGLE_TRACE_EVENT0("gpu.angle", "ImageHelper::readPixels");
    RendererVk *renderer = contextVk->getRenderer();

    // If the source image is multisampled, we need to resolve it into a temporary image before
    // performing a readback.
    bool isMultisampled = mSamples > 1;
    RendererScoped<ImageHelper> resolvedImage(contextVk->getRenderer());

    ImageHelper *src = this;

    ASSERT(!hasStagedUpdatesForSubresource(levelGL, layer, 1));

    if (isMultisampled)
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(resolvedImage.get().init2DStaging(
            contextVk, contextVk->hasProtectedContent(), renderer->getMemoryProperties(),
            gl::Extents(area.width, area.height, 1), mIntendedFormatID, mActualFormatID,
            VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT, 1));
        resolvedImage.get().retain(&contextVk->getResourceUseList());
    }

    VkImageAspectFlags layoutChangeAspectFlags = src->getAspectFlags();

    // Note that although we're reading from the image, we need to update the layout below.
    CommandBufferAccess access;
    access.onImageTransferRead(layoutChangeAspectFlags, this);
    if (isMultisampled)
    {
        access.onImageTransferWrite(gl::LevelIndex(0), 1, 0, 1, layoutChangeAspectFlags,
                                    &resolvedImage.get());
    }

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *commandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(access, &commandBuffer));

    const angle::Format *readFormat = &getActualFormat();
    const vk::Format &vkFormat      = contextVk->getRenderer()->getFormat(readFormat->id);
    const gl::InternalFormat &storageFormatInfo =
        vkFormat.getInternalFormatInfo(readFormat->componentType);

    if (copyAspectFlags != VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT)
    {
        readFormat = &GetDepthStencilImageToBufferFormat(*readFormat, copyAspectFlags);
    }

    VkOffset3D srcOffset = {area.x, area.y, 0};

    VkImageSubresourceLayers srcSubresource = {};
    srcSubresource.aspectMask               = copyAspectFlags;
    srcSubresource.mipLevel                 = toVkLevel(levelGL).get();
    srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer           = layer;
    srcSubresource.layerCount               = 1;

    VkExtent3D srcExtent = {static_cast<uint32_t>(area.width), static_cast<uint32_t>(area.height),
                            1};

    if (mExtents.depth > 1)
    {
        // Depth > 1 means this is a 3D texture and we need special handling
        srcOffset.z                   = layer;
        srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    }

    if (isMultisampled)
    {
        // Note: resolve only works on color images (not depth/stencil).
        ASSERT(copyAspectFlags == VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT);

        VkImageResolve resolveRegion                = {};
        resolveRegion.srcSubresource                = srcSubresource;
        resolveRegion.srcOffset                     = srcOffset;
        resolveRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask     = copyAspectFlags;
        resolveRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
        resolveRegion.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        resolveRegion.dstSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
        resolveRegion.dstOffset                     = {};
        resolveRegion.extent                        = srcExtent;

        resolve(&resolvedImage.get(), resolveRegion, commandBuffer);

        CommandBufferAccess readAccess;
        readAccess.onImageTransferRead(layoutChangeAspectFlags, &resolvedImage.get());
        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(readAccess, &commandBuffer));

        // Make the resolved image the target of buffer copy.
        src                           = &resolvedImage.get();
        srcOffset                     = {0, 0, 0};
        srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        srcSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
        srcSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
    }

    // If PBO and if possible, copy directly on the GPU.
    if (packPixelsParams.packBuffer &&
        canCopyWithTransformForReadPixels(packPixelsParams, readFormat))
    {
        BufferHelper &packBuffer      = GetImpl(packPixelsParams.packBuffer)->getBuffer();
        VkDeviceSize packBufferOffset = packBuffer.getOffset();

        CommandBufferAccess copyAccess;
        copyAccess.onBufferTransferWrite(&packBuffer);
        copyAccess.onImageTransferRead(copyAspectFlags, src);

        OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *copyCommandBuffer;
        ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(copyAccess, &copyCommandBuffer));

        ASSERT(packPixelsParams.outputPitch % readFormat->pixelBytes == 0);

        VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
        region.bufferImageHeight = srcExtent.height;
        region.bufferOffset =
            packBufferOffset + packPixelsParams.offset + reinterpret_cast<ptrdiff_t>(pixels);
        region.bufferRowLength  = packPixelsParams.outputPitch / readFormat->pixelBytes;
        region.imageExtent      = srcExtent;
        region.imageOffset      = srcOffset;
        region.imageSubresource = srcSubresource;

        copyCommandBuffer->copyImageToBuffer(src->getImage(), src->getCurrentLayout(),
                                             packBuffer.getBuffer().getHandle(), 1, &region);
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    RendererScoped<vk::BufferHelper> readBuffer(renderer);
    vk::BufferHelper *stagingBuffer = &readBuffer.get();

    uint8_t *readPixelBuffer   = nullptr;
    VkDeviceSize stagingOffset = 0;
    size_t allocationSize      = readFormat->pixelBytes * area.width * area.height;

    ANGLE_TRY(stagingBuffer->allocateForCopyImage(contextVk, allocationSize,
                                                  MemoryCoherency::Coherent, mActualFormatID,
                                                  &stagingOffset, &readPixelBuffer));
    VkBuffer bufferHandle = stagingBuffer->getBuffer().getHandle();

    VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
    region.bufferImageHeight = srcExtent.height;
    region.bufferOffset      = stagingOffset;
    region.bufferRowLength   = srcExtent.width;
    region.imageExtent       = srcExtent;
    region.imageOffset       = srcOffset;
    region.imageSubresource  = srcSubresource;

    // For compressed textures, vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer requires
    // a region that is a multiple of the block size.
    if (readFormat->isBlock)
    {
        region.bufferRowLength =
            roundUp(region.bufferRowLength, storageFormatInfo.compressedBlockWidth);
        region.bufferImageHeight =
            roundUp(region.bufferImageHeight, storageFormatInfo.compressedBlockHeight);
    }

    CommandBufferAccess readbackAccess;
    readbackAccess.onBufferTransferWrite(stagingBuffer);

    OutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer *readbackCommandBuffer;
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->getOutsideRenderPassCommandBuffer(readbackAccess, &readbackCommandBuffer));

    readbackCommandBuffer->copyImageToBuffer(src->getImage(), src->getCurrentLayout(), bufferHandle,
                                             1, &region);

    ANGLE_VK_PERF_WARNING(contextVk, GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH, "GPU stall due to ReadPixels");

    // Triggers a full finish.
    // TODO(jmadill): Don't block on asynchronous readback.
    ANGLE_TRY(contextVk->finishImpl(RenderPassClosureReason::GLReadPixels));

    if (readFormat->isBlock)
    {
        const LevelIndex levelVk = toVkLevel(levelGL);
        gl::Extents levelExtents = getLevelExtents(levelVk);

        // Calculate size of one layer
        levelExtents.depth = 1;
        GLuint layerSize;
        ANGLE_VK_CHECK_MATH(contextVk,
                            storageFormatInfo.computeCompressedImageSize(levelExtents, &layerSize));
        memcpy(pixels, readPixelBuffer, layerSize);
    }
    else if (packPixelsParams.packBuffer)
    {
        // Must map the PBO in order to read its contents (and then unmap it later)
        BufferVk *packBufferVk = GetImpl(packPixelsParams.packBuffer);
        void *mapPtr           = nullptr;
        ANGLE_TRY(packBufferVk->mapImpl(contextVk, GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT, &mapPtr));
        uint8_t *dst = static_cast<uint8_t *>(mapPtr) + reinterpret_cast<ptrdiff_t>(pixels);
        PackPixels(packPixelsParams, *readFormat, area.width * readFormat->pixelBytes,
                   readPixelBuffer, static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst));
        ANGLE_TRY(packBufferVk->unmapImpl(contextVk));
    }
    else
    {
        PackPixels(packPixelsParams, *readFormat, area.width * readFormat->pixelBytes,
                   readPixelBuffer, static_cast<uint8_t *>(pixels));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

// ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate implementation
ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate() : updateSource(UpdateSource::Buffer)
{
    data.buffer.bufferHelper = nullptr;
    refCounted.buffer        = nullptr;
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::~SubresourceUpdate() {}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(RefCounted<BufferHelper> *bufferIn,
                                                  BufferHelper *bufferHelperIn,
                                                  const VkBufferImageCopy &copyRegionIn,
                                                  angle::FormatID formatID)
    : updateSource(UpdateSource::Buffer)
{
    refCounted.buffer = bufferIn;
    if (refCounted.buffer != nullptr)
    {
        refCounted.buffer->addRef();
    }
    data.buffer.bufferHelper = bufferHelperIn;
    data.buffer.copyRegion   = copyRegionIn;
    data.buffer.formatID     = formatID;
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(RefCounted<ImageHelper> *imageIn,
                                                  const VkImageCopy &copyRegionIn,
                                                  angle::FormatID formatID)
    : updateSource(UpdateSource::Image)
{
    refCounted.image = imageIn;
    refCounted.image->addRef();
    data.image.copyRegion = copyRegionIn;
    data.image.formatID   = formatID;
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                                  const VkClearValue &clearValue,
                                                  const gl::ImageIndex &imageIndex)
    : SubresourceUpdate(
          aspectFlags,
          clearValue,
          gl::LevelIndex(imageIndex.getLevelIndex()),
          imageIndex.hasLayer() ? imageIndex.getLayerIndex() : 0,
          imageIndex.hasLayer() ? imageIndex.getLayerCount() : VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS)
{}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                                  const VkClearValue &clearValue,
                                                  gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                  uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                  uint32_t layerCount)
    : updateSource(UpdateSource::Clear)
{
    refCounted.image          = nullptr;
    data.clear.aspectFlags    = aspectFlags;
    data.clear.value          = clearValue;
    data.clear.levelIndex     = level.get();
    data.clear.layerIndex     = layerIndex;
    data.clear.layerCount     = layerCount;
    data.clear.colorMaskFlags = 0;
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(VkColorComponentFlags colorMaskFlags,
                                                  const VkClearColorValue &clearValue,
                                                  const gl::ImageIndex &imageIndex)
    : updateSource(UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly)
{
    refCounted.image       = nullptr;
    data.clear.aspectFlags = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    data.clear.value.color = clearValue;
    data.clear.levelIndex  = imageIndex.getLevelIndex();
    data.clear.layerIndex  = imageIndex.hasLayer() ? imageIndex.getLayerIndex() : 0;
    data.clear.layerCount =
        imageIndex.hasLayer() ? imageIndex.getLayerCount() : VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS;
    data.clear.colorMaskFlags = colorMaskFlags;
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::SubresourceUpdate(SubresourceUpdate &&other)
    : updateSource(other.updateSource)
{
    switch (updateSource)
    {
        case UpdateSource::Clear:
        case UpdateSource::ClearEmulatedChannelsOnly:
        case UpdateSource::ClearAfterInvalidate:
            data.clear        = other.data.clear;
            refCounted.buffer = nullptr;
            break;
        case UpdateSource::Buffer:
            data.buffer             = other.data.buffer;
            refCounted.buffer       = other.refCounted.buffer;
            other.refCounted.buffer = nullptr;
            break;
        case UpdateSource::Image:
            data.image             = other.data.image;
            refCounted.image       = other.refCounted.image;
            other.refCounted.image = nullptr;
            break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
    }
}

ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate &ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::operator=(SubresourceUpdate &&other)
{
    // Given that the update is a union of three structs, we can't use std::swap on the fields.  For
    // example, |this| may be an Image update and |other| may be a Buffer update.
    // The following could work:
    //
    // SubresourceUpdate oldThis;
    // Set oldThis to this->field based on updateSource
    // Set this->otherField to other.otherField based on other.updateSource
    // Set other.field to oldThis->field based on updateSource
    // std::Swap(updateSource, other.updateSource);
    //
    // It's much simpler to just swap the memory instead.

    SubresourceUpdate oldThis;
    memcpy(&oldThis, this, sizeof(*this));
    memcpy(this, &other, sizeof(*this));
    memcpy(&other, &oldThis, sizeof(*this));

    return *this;
}

void ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::release(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    if (updateSource == UpdateSource::Image)
    {
        refCounted.image->releaseRef();

        if (!refCounted.image->isReferenced())
        {
            // Staging images won't be used in render pass attachments.
            refCounted.image->get().releaseImage(renderer);
            refCounted.image->get().releaseStagedUpdates(renderer);
            SafeDelete(refCounted.image);
        }

        refCounted.image = nullptr;
    }
    else if (updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer && refCounted.buffer != nullptr)
    {
        refCounted.buffer->releaseRef();

        if (!refCounted.buffer->isReferenced())
        {
            refCounted.buffer->get().release(renderer);
            SafeDelete(refCounted.buffer);
        }

        refCounted.buffer = nullptr;
    }
}

bool ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::isUpdateToLayers(uint32_t layerIndex,
                                                      uint32_t layerCount) const
{
    uint32_t updateBaseLayer, updateLayerCount;
    getDestSubresource(gl::ImageIndex::kEntireLevel, &updateBaseLayer, &updateLayerCount);

    return updateBaseLayer == layerIndex &&
           (updateLayerCount == layerCount || updateLayerCount == VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS);
}

void ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::getDestSubresource(uint32_t imageLayerCount,
                                                        uint32_t *baseLayerOut,
                                                        uint32_t *layerCountOut) const
{
    if (IsClear(updateSource))
    {
        *baseLayerOut  = data.clear.layerIndex;
        *layerCountOut = data.clear.layerCount;

        if (*layerCountOut == static_cast<uint32_t>(gl::ImageIndex::kEntireLevel))
        {
            *layerCountOut = imageLayerCount;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        const VkImageSubresourceLayers &dstSubresource =
            updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer ? data.buffer.copyRegion.imageSubresource
                                                 : data.image.copyRegion.dstSubresource;
        *baseLayerOut  = dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer;
        *layerCountOut = dstSubresource.layerCount;

        ASSERT(*layerCountOut != static_cast<uint32_t>(gl::ImageIndex::kEntireLevel));
    }
}

VkImageAspectFlags ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate::getDestAspectFlags() const
{
    if (IsClear(updateSource))
    {
        return data.clear.aspectFlags;
    }
    else if (updateSource == UpdateSource::Buffer)
    {
        return data.buffer.copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask;
    }
    else
    {
        ASSERT(updateSource == UpdateSource::Image);
        return data.image.copyRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask;
    }
}

std::vector<ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate> *ImageHelper::getLevelUpdates(gl::LevelIndex level)
{
    return static_cast<size_t>(level.get()) < mSubresourceUpdates.size()
               ? &mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()]
               : nullptr;
}

const std::vector<ImageHelper::SubresourceUpdate> *ImageHelper::getLevelUpdates(
    gl::LevelIndex level) const
{
    return static_cast<size_t>(level.get()) < mSubresourceUpdates.size()
               ? &mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()]
               : nullptr;
}

void ImageHelper::appendSubresourceUpdate(gl::LevelIndex level, SubresourceUpdate &&update)
{
    if (mSubresourceUpdates.size() <= static_cast<size_t>(level.get()))
    {
        mSubresourceUpdates.resize(level.get() + 1);
    }

    mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()].emplace_back(std::move(update));
    onStateChange(angle::SubjectMessage::SubjectChanged);
}

void ImageHelper::prependSubresourceUpdate(gl::LevelIndex level, SubresourceUpdate &&update)
{
    if (mSubresourceUpdates.size() <= static_cast<size_t>(level.get()))
    {
        mSubresourceUpdates.resize(level.get() + 1);
    }

    mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()].insert(mSubresourceUpdates[level.get()].begin(),
                                            std::move(update));
    onStateChange(angle::SubjectMessage::SubjectChanged);
}

bool ImageHelper::hasEmulatedImageChannels() const
{
    const angle::Format &angleFmt   = getIntendedFormat();
    const angle::Format &textureFmt = getActualFormat();

    // The red channel is never emulated.
    ASSERT((angleFmt.redBits != 0 || angleFmt.luminanceBits != 0 || angleFmt.alphaBits != 0) ==
           (textureFmt.redBits != 0));

    return (angleFmt.alphaBits == 0 && textureFmt.alphaBits > 0) ||
           (angleFmt.blueBits == 0 && textureFmt.blueBits > 0) ||
           (angleFmt.greenBits == 0 && textureFmt.greenBits > 0) ||
           (angleFmt.depthBits == 0 && textureFmt.depthBits > 0) ||
           (angleFmt.stencilBits == 0 && textureFmt.stencilBits > 0);
}

bool ImageHelper::hasEmulatedDepthChannel() const
{
    return getIntendedFormat().depthBits == 0 && getActualFormat().depthBits > 0;
}

bool ImageHelper::hasEmulatedStencilChannel() const
{
    return getIntendedFormat().stencilBits == 0 && getActualFormat().stencilBits > 0;
}

VkColorComponentFlags ImageHelper::getEmulatedChannelsMask() const
{
    const angle::Format &angleFmt   = getIntendedFormat();
    const angle::Format &textureFmt = getActualFormat();

    ASSERT(!angleFmt.hasDepthOrStencilBits());

    VkColorComponentFlags emulatedChannelsMask = 0;

    if (angleFmt.alphaBits == 0 && textureFmt.alphaBits > 0)
    {
        emulatedChannelsMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
    }
    if (angleFmt.blueBits == 0 && textureFmt.blueBits > 0)
    {
        emulatedChannelsMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT;
    }
    if (angleFmt.greenBits == 0 && textureFmt.greenBits > 0)
    {
        emulatedChannelsMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT;
    }

    // The red channel is never emulated.
    ASSERT((angleFmt.redBits != 0 || angleFmt.luminanceBits != 0 || angleFmt.alphaBits != 0) ==
           (textureFmt.redBits != 0));

    return emulatedChannelsMask;
}

// FramebufferHelper implementation.
FramebufferHelper::FramebufferHelper() = default;

FramebufferHelper::~FramebufferHelper() = default;

FramebufferHelper::FramebufferHelper(FramebufferHelper &&other) : Resource(std::move(other))
{
    mFramebuffer = std::move(other.mFramebuffer);
}

FramebufferHelper &FramebufferHelper::operator=(FramebufferHelper &&other)
{
    std::swap(mUse, other.mUse);
    std::swap(mFramebuffer, other.mFramebuffer);
    return *this;
}

angle::Result FramebufferHelper::init(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                      const VkFramebufferCreateInfo &createInfo)
{
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(contextVk, mFramebuffer.init(contextVk->getDevice(), createInfo));
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

void FramebufferHelper::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    contextVk->addGarbage(&mFramebuffer);
}

LayerMode GetLayerMode(const vk::ImageHelper &image, uint32_t layerCount)
{
    const uint32_t imageLayerCount = GetImageLayerCountForView(image);
    const bool allLayers           = layerCount == imageLayerCount;

    ASSERT(allLayers || layerCount > 0 && layerCount <= gl::IMPLEMENTATION_MAX_TEXTURE_LEVELS);
    return allLayers ? LayerMode::All : static_cast<LayerMode>(layerCount);
}

// ImageViewHelper implementation.
ImageViewHelper::ImageViewHelper() : mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash(0), mLinearColorspace(true) {}

ImageViewHelper::ImageViewHelper(ImageViewHelper &&other)
{
    std::swap(mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash, other.mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash);
    std::swap(mLinearColorspace, other.mLinearColorspace);

    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews);
    std::swap(mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews, other.mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews);

    std::swap(mLayerLevelDrawImageViews, other.mLayerLevelDrawImageViews);
    std::swap(mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear, other.mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear);
    std::swap(mSubresourceDrawImageViews, other.mSubresourceDrawImageViews);
    std::swap(mLevelStorageImageViews, other.mLevelStorageImageViews);
    std::swap(mLayerLevelStorageImageViews, other.mLayerLevelStorageImageViews);
    std::swap(mImageViewSerial, other.mImageViewSerial);
}

ImageViewHelper::~ImageViewHelper() {}

void ImageViewHelper::init(RendererVk *renderer)
{
    if (!mImageViewSerial.valid())
    {
        mImageViewSerial = renderer->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageOrBufferViewSerial();
    }
}

void ImageViewHelper::release(RendererVk *renderer, std::vector<vk::GarbageObject> &garbage)
{
    mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash = 0;

    // Release the read views
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews, &garbage);
    ReleaseImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews, &garbage);

    // Release the draw views
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelDrawImageViews)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            if (imageView.valid())
            {
                garbage.emplace_back(GetGarbage(&imageView));
            }
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelDrawImageViews.clear();
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            if (imageView.valid())
            {
                garbage.emplace_back(GetGarbage(&imageView));
            }
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear.clear();
    for (auto &iter : mSubresourceDrawImageViews)
    {
        std::unique_ptr<ImageView> &imageView = iter.second;
        if (imageView->valid())
        {
            garbage.emplace_back(GetGarbage(imageView.get()));
        }
    }
    mSubresourceDrawImageViews.clear();

    // Release the storage views
    ReleaseImageViews(&mLevelStorageImageViews, &garbage);
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelStorageImageViews)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            if (imageView.valid())
            {
                garbage.emplace_back(GetGarbage(&imageView));
            }
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelStorageImageViews.clear();

    // Update image view serial.
    mImageViewSerial = renderer->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageOrBufferViewSerial();
}

bool ImageViewHelper::isImageViewGarbageEmpty() const
{
    return mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews.empty() &&
           mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews.empty() &&
           mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews.empty() &&
           mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews.empty() && mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews.empty() &&
           mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews.empty() &&
           mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews.empty() && mLayerLevelDrawImageViews.empty() &&
           mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear.empty() && mSubresourceDrawImageViews.empty() &&
           mLayerLevelStorageImageViews.empty();
}

void ImageViewHelper::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash = 0;

    // Release the read views
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews, device);
    DestroyImageViews(&mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews, device);

    // Release the draw views
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelDrawImageViews)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            imageView.destroy(device);
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelDrawImageViews.clear();
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            imageView.destroy(device);
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear.clear();
    for (auto &iter : mSubresourceDrawImageViews)
    {
        std::unique_ptr<ImageView> &imageView = iter.second;
        imageView->destroy(device);
    }
    mSubresourceDrawImageViews.clear();

    // Release the storage views
    DestroyImageViews(&mLevelStorageImageViews, device);
    for (ImageViewVector &layerViews : mLayerLevelStorageImageViews)
    {
        for (ImageView &imageView : layerViews)
        {
            imageView.destroy(device);
        }
    }
    mLayerLevelStorageImageViews.clear();

    mImageViewSerial = kInvalidImageOrBufferViewSerial;
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::initReadViews(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                             gl::TextureType viewType,
                                             const ImageHelper &image,
                                             const angle::Format &format,
                                             const gl::SwizzleState &formatSwizzle,
                                             const gl::SwizzleState &readSwizzle,
                                             LevelIndex baseLevel,
                                             uint32_t levelCount,
                                             uint32_t baseLayer,
                                             uint32_t layerCount,
                                             bool requiresSRGBViews,
                                             VkImageUsageFlags imageUsageFlags,
                                             const gl::SamplerState &samplerState)
{
    ASSERT(levelCount > 0);

    const uint32_t maxLevel = levelCount - 1;
    ASSERT(maxLevel < 16);
    ASSERT(baseLevel.get() < 16);
    mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash = static_cast<uint8_t>(baseLevel.get() << 4 | maxLevel);

    if (mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash >= mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews.size())
    {
        const uint32_t maxViewCount = mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash + 1;

        mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
        mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews.resize(maxViewCount);
    }

    // Determine if we already have ImageViews for the new max level
    if (getReadImageView().valid())
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // Since we don't have a readImageView, we must create ImageViews for the new max level
    ANGLE_TRY(initReadViewsImpl(contextVk, viewType, image, format, formatSwizzle, readSwizzle,
                                baseLevel, levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));

    if (requiresSRGBViews)
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(initSRGBReadViewsImpl(contextVk, viewType, image, format, formatSwizzle,
                                        readSwizzle, baseLevel, levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount,
                                        imageUsageFlags));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::initReadViewsImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                 gl::TextureType viewType,
                                                 const ImageHelper &image,
                                                 const angle::Format &format,
                                                 const gl::SwizzleState &formatSwizzle,
                                                 const gl::SwizzleState &readSwizzle,
                                                 LevelIndex baseLevel,
                                                 uint32_t levelCount,
                                                 uint32_t baseLayer,
                                                 uint32_t layerCount,
                                                 const gl::SamplerState &samplerState)
{
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());

    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetFormatAspectFlags(image.getIntendedFormat());
    mLinearColorspace                    = !format.isSRGB;
    VkFormat vkFormat                    = GetVkFormatFromFormatID(format.id);

    if (HasBothDepthAndStencilAspects(aspectFlags))
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initLayerImageViewWithFormat(
            contextVk, viewType, vkFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, readSwizzle,
            &getReadImageView(), baseLevel, levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initLayerImageViewWithFormat(
            contextVk, viewType, vkFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, readSwizzle,
            &mPerLevelRangeStencilReadImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
            baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));
    }
    else
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initLayerImageViewWithFormat(
            contextVk, viewType, vkFormat, aspectFlags, readSwizzle, &getReadImageView(), baseLevel,
            levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));
    }

    gl::TextureType fetchType = viewType;

    if (viewType == gl::TextureType::CubeMap || viewType == gl::TextureType::_2DArray ||
        viewType == gl::TextureType::_2DMultisampleArray)
    {
        fetchType = Get2DTextureType(layerCount, image.getSamples());

        ANGLE_TRY(image.initLayerImageViewWithFormat(
            contextVk, fetchType, vkFormat, aspectFlags, readSwizzle, &getFetchImageView(),
            baseLevel, levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));
    }

    ANGLE_TRY(image.initLayerImageViewWithFormat(contextVk, fetchType, vkFormat, aspectFlags,
                                                 formatSwizzle, &getCopyImageView(), baseLevel,
                                                 levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, samplerState));

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::initSRGBReadViewsImpl(ContextVk *contextVk,
                                                     gl::TextureType viewType,
                                                     const ImageHelper &image,
                                                     const angle::Format &format,
                                                     const gl::SwizzleState &formatSwizzle,
                                                     const gl::SwizzleState &readSwizzle,
                                                     LevelIndex baseLevel,
                                                     uint32_t levelCount,
                                                     uint32_t baseLayer,
                                                     uint32_t layerCount,
                                                     VkImageUsageFlags imageUsageFlags)
{
    // When we select the linear/srgb counterpart formats, we must first make sure they're
    // actually supported by the ICD. If they are not supported by the ICD, then we treat that as if
    // there is no counterpart format. (In this case, the relevant extension should not be exposed)
    angle::FormatID srgbOverrideFormat = ConvertToSRGB(image.getActualFormatID());
    ASSERT((srgbOverrideFormat == angle::FormatID::NONE) ||
           (HasNonRenderableTextureFormatSupport(contextVk->getRenderer(), srgbOverrideFormat)));

    angle::FormatID linearOverrideFormat = ConvertToLinear(image.getActualFormatID());
    ASSERT((linearOverrideFormat == angle::FormatID::NONE) ||
           (HasNonRenderableTextureFormatSupport(contextVk->getRenderer(), linearOverrideFormat)));

    angle::FormatID linearFormat =
        (linearOverrideFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE) ? linearOverrideFormat : format.id;
    ASSERT(linearFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE);

    const VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags = GetFormatAspectFlags(image.getIntendedFormat());

    if (!mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
            contextVk, viewType, aspectFlags, readSwizzle,
            &mPerLevelRangeLinearReadImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
            baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, linearFormat));
    }
    if (srgbOverrideFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE &&
        !mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
            contextVk, viewType, aspectFlags, readSwizzle,
            &mPerLevelRangeSRGBReadImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
            baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, srgbOverrideFormat));
    }

    gl::TextureType fetchType = viewType;

    if (viewType == gl::TextureType::CubeMap || viewType == gl::TextureType::_2DArray ||
        viewType == gl::TextureType::_2DMultisampleArray)
    {
        fetchType = Get2DTextureType(layerCount, image.getSamples());

        if (!mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
        {

            ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
                contextVk, fetchType, aspectFlags, readSwizzle,
                &mPerLevelRangeLinearFetchImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel,
                levelCount, baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, linearFormat));
        }
        if (srgbOverrideFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE &&
            !mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
        {
            ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
                contextVk, fetchType, aspectFlags, readSwizzle,
                &mPerLevelRangeSRGBFetchImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
                baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, srgbOverrideFormat));
        }
    }

    if (!mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
            contextVk, fetchType, aspectFlags, formatSwizzle,
            &mPerLevelRangeLinearCopyImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
            baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, linearFormat));
    }
    if (srgbOverrideFormat != angle::FormatID::NONE &&
        !mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash].valid())
    {
        ANGLE_TRY(image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(
            contextVk, fetchType, aspectFlags, formatSwizzle,
            &mPerLevelRangeSRGBCopyImageViews[mCurrentBaseMaxLevelHash], baseLevel, levelCount,
            baseLayer, layerCount, imageUsageFlags, srgbOverrideFormat));
    }

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::getLevelStorageImageView(Context *context,
                                                        gl::TextureType viewType,
                                                        const ImageHelper &image,
                                                        LevelIndex levelVk,
                                                        uint32_t layer,
                                                        VkImageUsageFlags imageUsageFlags,
                                                        angle::FormatID formatID,
                                                        const ImageView **imageViewOut)
{
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());

    ImageView *imageView =
        GetLevelImageView(&mLevelStorageImageViews, levelVk, image.getLevelCount());

    *imageViewOut = imageView;
    if (imageView->valid())
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // Create the view.  Note that storage images are not affected by swizzle parameters.
    return image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(context, viewType, image.getAspectFlags(),
                                                 gl::SwizzleState(), imageView, levelVk, 1, layer,
                                                 image.getLayerCount(), imageUsageFlags, formatID);
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::getLevelLayerStorageImageView(Context *contextVk,
                                                             const ImageHelper &image,
                                                             LevelIndex levelVk,
                                                             uint32_t layer,
                                                             VkImageUsageFlags imageUsageFlags,
                                                             angle::FormatID formatID,
                                                             const ImageView **imageViewOut)
{
    ASSERT(image.valid());
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());
    ASSERT(!image.getActualFormat().isBlock);

    ImageView *imageView =
        GetLevelLayerImageView(&mLayerLevelStorageImageViews, levelVk, layer, image.getLevelCount(),
                               GetImageLayerCountForView(image));
    *imageViewOut = imageView;

    if (imageView->valid())
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // Create the view.  Note that storage images are not affected by swizzle parameters.
    gl::TextureType viewType = Get2DTextureType(1, image.getSamples());
    return image.initReinterpretedLayerImageView(contextVk, viewType, image.getAspectFlags(),
                                                 gl::SwizzleState(), imageView, levelVk, 1, layer,
                                                 1, imageUsageFlags, formatID);
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::getLevelDrawImageView(Context *context,
                                                     const ImageHelper &image,
                                                     LevelIndex levelVk,
                                                     uint32_t layer,
                                                     uint32_t layerCount,
                                                     gl::SrgbWriteControlMode mode,
                                                     const ImageView **imageViewOut)
{
    ASSERT(image.valid());
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());
    ASSERT(!image.getActualFormat().isBlock);

    ImageSubresourceRange range = MakeImageSubresourceDrawRange(
        image.toGLLevel(levelVk), layer, GetLayerMode(image, layerCount), mode);

    std::unique_ptr<ImageView> &view = mSubresourceDrawImageViews[range];
    if (view)
    {
        *imageViewOut = view.get();
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    view          = std::make_unique<ImageView>();
    *imageViewOut = view.get();

    // Lazily allocate the image view.
    // Note that these views are specifically made to be used as framebuffer attachments, and
    // therefore don't have swizzle.
    gl::TextureType viewType = Get2DTextureType(layerCount, image.getSamples());
    return image.initLayerImageView(context, viewType, image.getAspectFlags(), gl::SwizzleState(),
                                    view.get(), levelVk, 1, layer, layerCount, mode);
}

angle::Result ImageViewHelper::getLevelLayerDrawImageView(Context *context,
                                                          const ImageHelper &image,
                                                          LevelIndex levelVk,
                                                          uint32_t layer,
                                                          gl::SrgbWriteControlMode mode,
                                                          const ImageView **imageViewOut)
{
    ASSERT(image.valid());
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());
    ASSERT(!image.getActualFormat().isBlock);

    LayerLevelImageViewVector &imageViews = (mode == gl::SrgbWriteControlMode::Linear)
                                                ? mLayerLevelDrawImageViewsLinear
                                                : mLayerLevelDrawImageViews;

    // Lazily allocate the storage for image views
    ImageView *imageView = GetLevelLayerImageView(
        &imageViews, levelVk, layer, image.getLevelCount(), GetImageLayerCountForView(image));
    *imageViewOut = imageView;

    if (imageView->valid())
    {
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // Lazily allocate the image view itself.
    // Note that these views are specifically made to be used as framebuffer attachments, and
    // therefore don't have swizzle.
    gl::TextureType viewType = Get2DTextureType(1, image.getSamples());
    return image.initLayerImageView(context, viewType, image.getAspectFlags(), gl::SwizzleState(),
                                    imageView, levelVk, 1, layer, 1, mode);
}

ImageOrBufferViewSubresourceSerial ImageViewHelper::getSubresourceSerial(
    gl::LevelIndex levelGL,
    uint32_t levelCount,
    uint32_t layer,
    LayerMode layerMode,
    SrgbDecodeMode srgbDecodeMode,
    gl::SrgbOverride srgbOverrideMode) const
{
    ASSERT(mImageViewSerial.valid());

    ImageOrBufferViewSubresourceSerial serial;
    serial.viewSerial  = mImageViewSerial;
    serial.subresource = MakeImageSubresourceReadRange(levelGL, levelCount, layer, layerMode,
                                                       srgbDecodeMode, srgbOverrideMode);
    return serial;
}

ImageSubresourceRange MakeImageSubresourceReadRange(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                    uint32_t levelCount,
                                                    uint32_t layer,
                                                    LayerMode layerMode,
                                                    SrgbDecodeMode srgbDecodeMode,
                                                    gl::SrgbOverride srgbOverrideMode)
{
    ImageSubresourceRange range;

    SetBitField(range.level, level.get());
    SetBitField(range.levelCount, levelCount);
    SetBitField(range.layer, layer);
    SetBitField(range.layerMode, layerMode);
    SetBitField(range.srgbDecodeMode, srgbDecodeMode);
    SetBitField(range.srgbMode, srgbOverrideMode);

    return range;
}

ImageSubresourceRange MakeImageSubresourceDrawRange(gl::LevelIndex level,
                                                    uint32_t layer,
                                                    LayerMode layerMode,
                                                    gl::SrgbWriteControlMode srgbWriteControlMode)
{
    ImageSubresourceRange range;

    SetBitField(range.level, level.get());
    SetBitField(range.levelCount, 1);
    SetBitField(range.layer, layer);
    SetBitField(range.layerMode, layerMode);
    SetBitField(range.srgbDecodeMode, 0);
    SetBitField(range.srgbMode, srgbWriteControlMode);

    return range;
}

// BufferViewHelper implementation.
BufferViewHelper::BufferViewHelper() : mOffset(0), mSize(0) {}

BufferViewHelper::BufferViewHelper(BufferViewHelper &&other) : Resource(std::move(other))
{
    std::swap(mOffset, other.mOffset);
    std::swap(mSize, other.mSize);
    std::swap(mViews, other.mViews);
    std::swap(mViewSerial, other.mViewSerial);
}

BufferViewHelper::~BufferViewHelper() {}

void BufferViewHelper::init(RendererVk *renderer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
{
    ASSERT(mViews.empty());

    mOffset = offset;
    mSize   = size;

    if (!mViewSerial.valid())
    {
        mViewSerial = renderer->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageOrBufferViewSerial();
    }
}

void BufferViewHelper::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    contextVk->flushDescriptorSetUpdates();

    std::vector<GarbageObject> garbage;

    for (auto &formatAndView : mViews)
    {
        BufferView &view = formatAndView.second;
        ASSERT(view.valid());

        garbage.emplace_back(GetGarbage(&view));
    }

    if (!garbage.empty())
    {
        RendererVk *rendererVk = contextVk->getRenderer();
        rendererVk->collectGarbage(std::move(mUse), std::move(garbage));

        // Ensure the resource use is always valid.
        mUse.init();

        // Update image view serial.
        mViewSerial = rendererVk->getResourceSerialFactory().generateImageOrBufferViewSerial();
    }

    mViews.clear();

    mOffset = 0;
    mSize   = 0;
}

void BufferViewHelper::destroy(VkDevice device)
{
    for (auto &formatAndView : mViews)
    {
        BufferView &view = formatAndView.second;
        view.destroy(device);
    }

    mViews.clear();

    mOffset = 0;
    mSize   = 0;

    mViewSerial = kInvalidImageOrBufferViewSerial;
}

angle::Result BufferViewHelper::getView(Context *context,
                                        const BufferHelper &buffer,
                                        VkDeviceSize bufferOffset,
                                        const Format &format,
                                        const BufferView **viewOut)
{
    ASSERT(format.valid());

    VkFormat viewVkFormat = format.getActualBufferVkFormat(false);

    auto iter = mViews.find(viewVkFormat);
    if (iter != mViews.end())
    {
        *viewOut = &iter->second;
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    // If the size is not a multiple of pixelBytes, remove the extra bytes.  The last element cannot
    // be read anyway, and this is a requirement of Vulkan (for size to be a multiple of format
    // texel block size).
    const angle::Format &bufferFormat = format.getActualBufferFormat(false);
    const GLuint pixelBytes           = bufferFormat.pixelBytes;
    VkDeviceSize size                 = mSize - mSize % pixelBytes;

    VkBufferViewCreateInfo viewCreateInfo = {};
    viewCreateInfo.sType                  = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewCreateInfo.buffer                 = buffer.getBuffer().getHandle();
    viewCreateInfo.format                 = viewVkFormat;
    viewCreateInfo.offset                 = mOffset + bufferOffset;
    viewCreateInfo.range                  = size;

    BufferView view;
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, view.init(context->getDevice(), viewCreateInfo));

    // Cache the view
    auto insertIter = mViews.insert({viewVkFormat, std::move(view)});
    *viewOut        = &insertIter.first->second;
    ASSERT(insertIter.second);

    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

ImageOrBufferViewSubresourceSerial BufferViewHelper::getSerial() const
{
    ASSERT(mViewSerial.valid());

    ImageOrBufferViewSubresourceSerial serial = {};
    serial.viewSerial                         = mViewSerial;
    return serial;
}

// ShaderProgramHelper implementation.
ShaderProgramHelper::ShaderProgramHelper() : mSpecializationConstants{} {}

ShaderProgramHelper::~ShaderProgramHelper() = default;

bool ShaderProgramHelper::valid(const gl::ShaderType shaderType) const
{
    return mShaders[shaderType].valid();
}

void ShaderProgramHelper::destroy(RendererVk *rendererVk)
{
    mGraphicsPipelines.destroy(rendererVk);
    mComputePipeline.destroy(rendererVk->getDevice());
    for (BindingPointer<ShaderAndSerial> &shader : mShaders)
    {
        shader.reset();
    }
}

void ShaderProgramHelper::release(ContextVk *contextVk)
{
    mGraphicsPipelines.release(contextVk);
    contextVk->addGarbage(&mComputePipeline.getPipeline());
    for (BindingPointer<ShaderAndSerial> &shader : mShaders)
    {
        shader.reset();
    }
}

void ShaderProgramHelper::setShader(gl::ShaderType shaderType, RefCounted<ShaderAndSerial> *shader)
{
    mShaders[shaderType].set(shader);
}

void ShaderProgramHelper::setSpecializationConstant(sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId id,
                                                    uint32_t value)
{
    ASSERT(id < sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::EnumCount);
    switch (id)
    {
        case sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::LineRasterEmulation:
            mSpecializationConstants.lineRasterEmulation = value;
            break;
        case sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::SurfaceRotation:
            mSpecializationConstants.surfaceRotation = value;
            break;
        case sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::DrawableWidth:
            mSpecializationConstants.drawableWidth = static_cast<float>(value);
            break;
        case sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::DrawableHeight:
            mSpecializationConstants.drawableHeight = static_cast<float>(value);
            break;
        case sh::vk::SpecializationConstantId::Dither:
            mSpecializationConstants.dither = value;
            break;
        default:
            UNREACHABLE();
            break;
    }
}

angle::Result ShaderProgramHelper::getComputePipeline(Context *context,
                                                      const PipelineLayout &pipelineLayout,
                                                      PipelineHelper **pipelineOut)
{
    if (mComputePipeline.valid())
    {
        *pipelineOut = &mComputePipeline;
        return angle::Result::Continue;
    }

    RendererVk *renderer = context->getRenderer();

    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStage = {};
    VkComputePipelineCreateInfo createInfo      = {};

    shaderStage.sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    shaderStage.flags               = 0;
    shaderStage.stage               = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
    shaderStage.module              = mShaders[gl::ShaderType::Compute].get().get().getHandle();
    shaderStage.pName               = "main";
    shaderStage.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;

    createInfo.sType              = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.flags              = 0;
    createInfo.stage              = shaderStage;
    createInfo.layout             = pipelineLayout.getHandle();
    createInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    createInfo.basePipelineIndex  = 0;

    PipelineCache *pipelineCache = nullptr;
    ANGLE_TRY(renderer->getPipelineCache(&pipelineCache));
    ANGLE_VK_TRY(context, mComputePipeline.getPipeline().initCompute(context->getDevice(),
                                                                     createInfo, *pipelineCache));

    *pipelineOut = &mComputePipeline;
    return angle::Result::Continue;
}

// ActiveHandleCounter implementation.
ActiveHandleCounter::ActiveHandleCounter() : mActiveCounts{}, mAllocatedCounts{} {}

ActiveHandleCounter::~ActiveHandleCounter() = default;

// CommandBufferAccess implementation.
CommandBufferAccess::CommandBufferAccess()  = default;
CommandBufferAccess::~CommandBufferAccess() = default;

void CommandBufferAccess::onBufferRead(VkAccessFlags readAccessType,
                                       PipelineStage readStage,
                                       BufferHelper *buffer)
{
    ASSERT(!buffer->isReleasedToExternal());
    mReadBuffers.emplace_back(buffer, readAccessType, readStage);
}

void CommandBufferAccess::onBufferWrite(VkAccessFlags writeAccessType,
                                        PipelineStage writeStage,
                                        BufferHelper *buffer)
{
    ASSERT(!buffer->isReleasedToExternal());
    mWriteBuffers.emplace_back(buffer, writeAccessType, writeStage);
}

void CommandBufferAccess::onImageRead(VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                      ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                      ImageHelper *image)
{
    ASSERT(!image->isReleasedToExternal());
    ASSERT(image->getImageSerial().valid());
    mReadImages.emplace_back(image, aspectFlags, imageLayout);
}

void CommandBufferAccess::onImageWrite(gl::LevelIndex levelStart,
                                       uint32_t levelCount,
                                       uint32_t layerStart,
                                       uint32_t layerCount,
                                       VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags,
                                       ImageLayout imageLayout,
                                       ImageHelper *image)
{
    ASSERT(!image->isReleasedToExternal());
    ASSERT(image->getImageSerial().valid());
    mWriteImages.emplace_back(CommandBufferImageAccess{image, aspectFlags, imageLayout}, levelStart,
                              levelCount, layerStart, layerCount);
}

}  // namespace vk
}  // namespace rx