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1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 
18 #define LOG_TAG "MultinetworkApiTest"
19 
20 #include <arpa/inet.h>
21 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
22 #include <errno.h>
23 #include <inttypes.h>
24 #include <jni.h>
25 #include <netdb.h>
26 #include <poll.h> /* poll */
27 #include <resolv.h>
28 #include <stdio.h>
29 #include <stdlib.h>
30 #include <string.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
32 #include <sys/time.h>
33 
34 #include <string>
35 
36 #include <android/log.h>
37 #include <android/multinetwork.h>
38 #include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
39 
40 #define LOGD(fmt, ...) \
41         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
42 
43 // Since the tests in this file commonly pass expression statements as parameters to these macros,
44 // get the returned value of the statements to avoid statement double-called.
45 #define EXPECT_GE(env, actual_stmt, expected_stmt, msg)              \
46     do {                                                             \
47         const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
48         const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
49         if (actual < expected) {                                     \
50             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
51                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GE: expected %d, got %d",      \
52                     __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
53         }                                                            \
54     } while (0)
55 
56 #define EXPECT_GT(env, actual_stmt, expected_stmt, msg)              \
57     do {                                                             \
58         const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
59         const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
60         if (actual <= expected) {                                    \
61             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
62                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GT: expected %d, got %d",      \
63                     __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
64         }                                                            \
65     } while (0)
66 
67 #define EXPECT_EQ(env, expected_stmt, actual_stmt, msg)              \
68     do {                                                             \
69         const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
70         const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
71         if (actual != expected) {                                    \
72             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
73                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_EQ: expected %d, got %d",      \
74                     __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
75         }                                                            \
76     } while (0)
77 
78 static const int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
79 static const int TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
80 static const char kHostname[] = "connectivitycheck.android.com";
81 static const char kNxDomainName[] = "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
82 static const char kGoogleName[] = "www.google.com";
83 
makeQuery(const char * name,int qtype,uint8_t * buf,size_t buflen)84 int makeQuery(const char* name, int qtype, uint8_t* buf, size_t buflen) {
85     return res_mkquery(ns_o_query, name, ns_c_in, qtype, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, buflen);
86 }
87 
getAsyncResponse(JNIEnv * env,int fd,int timeoutMs,int * rcode,uint8_t * buf,size_t bufLen)88 int getAsyncResponse(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int timeoutMs, int* rcode, uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen) {
89     struct pollfd wait_fd = { .fd = fd, .events = POLLIN };
90 
91     poll(&wait_fd, 1, timeoutMs);
92     if (wait_fd.revents & POLLIN) {
93         int n = android_res_nresult(fd, rcode, buf, bufLen);
94         // Verify that android_res_nresult() closed the fd
95         char dummy;
96         EXPECT_EQ(env, -1, read(fd, &dummy, sizeof(dummy)), "res_nresult check for closing fd");
97         EXPECT_EQ(env, EBADF, errno, "res_nresult check for errno");
98         return n;
99     }
100 
101     return -ETIMEDOUT;
102 }
103 
extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t * buf,size_t bufLen,int family)104 int extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen, int family) {
105     ns_msg handle;
106     if (ns_initparse((const uint8_t*) buf, bufLen, &handle) < 0) {
107         return -errno;
108     }
109     const int ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
110     // Answer count = 0 is valid(e.g. response of query with root)
111     if (!ancount) {
112         return 0;
113     }
114     ns_rr rr;
115     bool hasValidAns = false;
116     for (int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
117         if (ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, i, &rr) < 0) {
118             // If there is no valid answer, test will fail.
119             continue;
120         }
121 
122         const int rtype = ns_rr_type(rr);
123         if (family == AF_INET) {
124             // If there is no expected address type, test will fail.
125             if (rtype != ns_t_a) continue;
126         } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
127             // If there is no expected address type, test will fail.
128             if (rtype != ns_t_aaaa) continue;
129         } else {
130             return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
131         }
132 
133         const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
134         char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
135         if (inet_ntop(family, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL) {
136             return -errno;
137         }
138         hasValidAns = true;
139     }
140     return hasValidAns ? 0 : -EBADMSG;
141 }
142 
expectAnswersValid(JNIEnv * env,int fd,int family,int expectedRcode)143 int expectAnswersValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int family, int expectedRcode) {
144     int rcode = -1;
145     uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
146     int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
147     if (res < 0) {
148         return res;
149     }
150 
151     EXPECT_EQ(env, expectedRcode, rcode, "rcode is not expected");
152 
153     if (expectedRcode == ns_r_noerror && res > 0) {
154         return extractIpAddressAnswers(buf, res, family);
155     }
156     return 0;
157 }
158 
expectAnswersNotValid(JNIEnv * env,int fd,int expectedErrno)159 int expectAnswersNotValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int expectedErrno) {
160     int rcode = -1;
161     uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
162     int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
163     if (res != expectedErrno) {
164         LOGD("res:%d, expectedErrno = %d", res, expectedErrno);
165         return (res > 0) ? -EREMOTEIO : res;
166     }
167     return 0;
168 }
169 
170 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNqueryCheck(JNIEnv * env,jclass,jlong nethandle)171 JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNqueryCheck(
172         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
173     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
174 
175     // V4
176     int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
177     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery");
178     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
179             "v4 res_nquery check answers");
180 
181     // V6
182     fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
183     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery");
184     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
185             "v6 res_nquery check answers");
186 }
187 
188 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNsendCheck(JNIEnv * env,jclass,jlong nethandle)189 JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNsendCheck(
190         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
191     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
192     // V4
193     uint8_t buf1[MAXPACKET] = {};
194 
195     int len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_a, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
196     EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 1st");
197 
198     uint8_t buf2[MAXPACKET] = {};
199     int len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_a, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
200     EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 2nd");
201 
202     int fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
203     EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v4 res_nsend 1st");
204     int fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
205     EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v4 res_nsend 2nd");
206 
207     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
208             "v4 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
209     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
210             "v4 res_nsend 1st check answers");
211 
212     // V6
213     memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
214     memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
215     len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_aaaa, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
216     EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 1st");
217     len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_aaaa, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
218     EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 2nd");
219 
220     fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
221     EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v6 res_nsend 1st");
222     fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
223     EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v6 res_nsend 2nd");
224 
225     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
226             "v6 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
227     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
228             "v6 res_nsend 1st check answers");
229 }
230 
231 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNnxDomainCheck(JNIEnv * env,jclass,jlong nethandle)232 JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNnxDomainCheck(
233         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
234     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
235 
236     // res_nquery V4 NXDOMAIN
237     int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
238     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
239     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
240             "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
241 
242     // res_nquery V6 NXDOMAIN
243     fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
244     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
245     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain),
246             "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
247 
248     uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
249     // res_nsend V4 NXDOMAIN
250     int len = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_a, buf, sizeof(buf));
251     EXPECT_GT(env, len, 0, "v4 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
252     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, len, 0);
253     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
254     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
255             "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
256 
257     // res_nsend V6 NXDOMAIN
258     memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
259     len = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_aaaa, buf, sizeof(buf));
260     EXPECT_GT(env, len, 0, "v6 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
261     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, len, 0);
262     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
263     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain),
264             "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
265 }
266 
267 
268 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNcancelCheck(JNIEnv * env,jclass,jlong nethandle)269 JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNcancelCheck(
270         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
271     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
272 
273     int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kGoogleName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
274     errno = 0;
275     android_res_cancel(fd);
276     int err = errno;
277     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, err, "res_cancel");
278     // DO NOT call cancel or result with the same fd more than once,
279     // otherwise it will hit fdsan double-close fd.
280 }
281 
282 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNapiMalformedCheck(JNIEnv * env,jclass,jlong nethandle)283 JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNapiMalformedCheck(
284         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
285     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
286 
287     // It is the equivalent of "dig . a", Query with an empty name.
288     int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, "", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
289     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nquery root");
290     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
291             "res_nquery root check answers");
292 
293     // Label limit 63
294     std::string exceedingLabelQuery = "www." + std::string(70, 'g') + ".com";
295     // Name limit 255
296     std::string exceedingDomainQuery = "www." + std::string(255, 'g') + ".com";
297 
298     fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingLabelQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
299     EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingLabelQuery");
300     fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingDomainQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
301     EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingDomainQuery");
302 
303     uint8_t buf[10] = {};
304     // empty BLOB
305     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, 10, 0);
306     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend empty BLOB");
307     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
308             "res_nsend empty BLOB check answers");
309 
310     uint8_t largeBuf[2 * MAXPACKET] = {};
311     // A buffer larger than 8KB
312     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, sizeof(largeBuf), 0);
313     EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend buffer larger than 8KB");
314 
315     // 5000 bytes filled with 0. This returns EMSGSIZE because FrameworkListener limits the size of
316     // commands to 4096 bytes.
317     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 5000, 0);
318     EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0");
319 
320     // 500 bytes filled with 0
321     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 500, 0);
322     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0");
323     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
324             "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0 check answers");
325 
326     // 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF
327     uint8_t ffBuf[5001] = {};
328     memset(ffBuf, 0xFF, sizeof(ffBuf));
329     ffBuf[5000] = '\0';
330     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, sizeof(ffBuf), 0);
331     EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF");
332 
333     // 500 bytes filled with 0xFF
334     ffBuf[500] = '\0';
335     fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, 501, 0);
336     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF");
337     EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
338             "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF check answers");
339 }
340 
341 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runGetaddrinfoCheck(JNIEnv *,jclass,jlong nethandle)342 JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runGetaddrinfoCheck(
343         JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
344     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
345     struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
346 
347     errno = 0;
348     int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, NULL, NULL, &res);
349     const int saved_errno = errno;
350     freeaddrinfo(res);
351 
352     LOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
353           handle, kHostname, rval, saved_errno);
354     return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
355 }
356 
357 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetprocnetwork(JNIEnv *,jclass,jlong nethandle)358 JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetprocnetwork(
359         JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
360     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
361 
362     errno = 0;
363     int rval = android_setprocnetwork(handle);
364     const int saved_errno = errno;
365     LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ") returned rval=%d errno=%d",
366           handle, rval, saved_errno);
367     return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
368 }
369 
370 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetsocknetwork(JNIEnv *,jclass,jlong nethandle)371 JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetsocknetwork(
372         JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
373     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
374 
375     errno = 0;
376     int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
377     if (fd < 0) {
378         LOGD("socket() failed, errno=%d", errno);
379         return -errno;
380     }
381 
382     errno = 0;
383     int rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
384     const int saved_errno = errno;
385     LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
386           handle, fd, rval, saved_errno);
387     close(fd);
388     return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
389 }
390 
391 // Use sizeof("x") - 1 because we need a compile-time constant, and strlen("x")
392 // isn't guaranteed to fold to a constant.
393 static const int kSockaddrStrLen = INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof("[]:65535") - 1;
394 
sockaddr_ntop(const struct sockaddr * sa,socklen_t salen,char * dst,const size_t size)395 void sockaddr_ntop(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *dst, const size_t size) {
396     char addrstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
397     char portstr[sizeof("65535")];
398     char buf[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
399 
400     int ret = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
401                           addrstr, sizeof(addrstr),
402                           portstr, sizeof(portstr),
403                           NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
404     if (ret == 0) {
405         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
406                  (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6) ? "[%s]:%s" : "%s:%s",
407                  addrstr, portstr);
408     } else {
409         sprintf(buf, "???");
410     }
411 
412     strlcpy(dst, buf, size);
413 }
414 
415 extern "C"
Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(JNIEnv *,jclass,jlong nethandle)416 JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
417         JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
418     const struct addrinfo kHints = {
419         .ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG,
420         .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
421         .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM,
422         .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
423     };
424     struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
425     net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
426 
427     static const char kPort[] = "443";
428     int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, kPort, &kHints, &res);
429     if (rval != 0) {
430         LOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%llu, %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
431               handle, kHostname, rval, errno);
432         freeaddrinfo(res);
433         return -errno;
434     }
435 
436     // Rely upon getaddrinfo sorting the best destination to the front.
437     int fd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
438     if (fd < 0) {
439         LOGD("socket(%d, %d, %d) failed, errno=%d",
440               res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol, errno);
441         freeaddrinfo(res);
442         return -errno;
443     }
444 
445     rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
446     LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%llu, %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
447           handle, fd, rval, errno);
448     if (rval != 0) {
449         close(fd);
450         freeaddrinfo(res);
451         return -errno;
452     }
453 
454     char addrstr[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
455     sockaddr_ntop(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
456     LOGD("Attempting connect() to %s ...", addrstr);
457 
458     rval = connect(fd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
459     if (rval != 0) {
460         close(fd);
461         freeaddrinfo(res);
462         return -errno;
463     }
464     freeaddrinfo(res);
465 
466     struct sockaddr_storage src_addr;
467     socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
468     if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, &src_addrlen) != 0) {
469         close(fd);
470         return -errno;
471     }
472     sockaddr_ntop((const struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
473     LOGD("... from %s", addrstr);
474 
475     // Don't let reads or writes block indefinitely.
476     const struct timeval timeo = { 2, 0 };  // 2 seconds
477     setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
478     setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
479 
480     // For reference see:
481     //     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-invariants
482     uint8_t quic_packet[1200] = {
483         0xc0,                    // long header
484         0xaa, 0xda, 0xca, 0xca,  // reserved-space version number
485         0x08,                    // destination connection ID length
486         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 64bit connection ID
487         0x00,                    // source connection ID length
488     };
489 
490     arc4random_buf(quic_packet + 6, 8);  // random connection ID
491 
492     uint8_t response[1500];
493     ssize_t sent, rcvd;
494     static const int MAX_RETRIES = 5;
495     int i, errnum = 0;
496 
497     for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
498         sent = send(fd, quic_packet, sizeof(quic_packet), 0);
499         if (sent < (ssize_t)sizeof(quic_packet)) {
500             errnum = errno;
501             LOGD("send(QUIC packet) returned sent=%zd, errno=%d", sent, errnum);
502             close(fd);
503             return -errnum;
504         }
505 
506         rcvd = recv(fd, response, sizeof(response), 0);
507         if (rcvd > 0) {
508             break;
509         } else {
510             errnum = errno;
511             LOGD("[%d/%d] recv(QUIC response) returned rcvd=%zd, errno=%d",
512                   i + 1, MAX_RETRIES, rcvd, errnum);
513         }
514     }
515     if (rcvd < 15) {
516         LOGD("QUIC UDP %s: sent=%zd but rcvd=%zd, errno=%d", kPort, sent, rcvd, errnum);
517         if (rcvd <= 0) {
518             LOGD("Does this network block UDP port %s?", kPort);
519         }
520         close(fd);
521         return -EPROTO;
522     }
523 
524     int conn_id_cmp = memcmp(quic_packet + 6, response + 7, 8);
525     if (conn_id_cmp != 0) {
526         LOGD("sent and received connection IDs do not match");
527         close(fd);
528         return -EPROTO;
529     }
530 
531     // TODO: Replace this quick 'n' dirty test with proper QUIC-capable code.
532 
533     close(fd);
534     return 0;
535 }
536