1 // Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 // found in the LICENSE file.
4
5 #include "quiche/spdy/core/hpack/hpack_encoder.h"
6
7 #include <algorithm>
8 #include <limits>
9 #include <utility>
10
11 #include "quiche/http2/hpack/huffman/hpack_huffman_encoder.h"
12 #include "quiche/common/platform/api/quiche_bug_tracker.h"
13 #include "quiche/common/platform/api/quiche_logging.h"
14 #include "quiche/spdy/core/hpack/hpack_constants.h"
15 #include "quiche/spdy/core/hpack/hpack_header_table.h"
16 #include "quiche/spdy/core/hpack/hpack_output_stream.h"
17
18 namespace spdy {
19
20 class HpackEncoder::RepresentationIterator {
21 public:
22 // |pseudo_headers| and |regular_headers| must outlive the iterator.
RepresentationIterator(const Representations & pseudo_headers,const Representations & regular_headers)23 RepresentationIterator(const Representations& pseudo_headers,
24 const Representations& regular_headers)
25 : pseudo_begin_(pseudo_headers.begin()),
26 pseudo_end_(pseudo_headers.end()),
27 regular_begin_(regular_headers.begin()),
28 regular_end_(regular_headers.end()) {}
29
30 // |headers| must outlive the iterator.
RepresentationIterator(const Representations & headers)31 explicit RepresentationIterator(const Representations& headers)
32 : pseudo_begin_(headers.begin()),
33 pseudo_end_(headers.end()),
34 regular_begin_(headers.end()),
35 regular_end_(headers.end()) {}
36
HasNext()37 bool HasNext() {
38 return pseudo_begin_ != pseudo_end_ || regular_begin_ != regular_end_;
39 }
40
Next()41 const Representation Next() {
42 if (pseudo_begin_ != pseudo_end_) {
43 return *pseudo_begin_++;
44 } else {
45 return *regular_begin_++;
46 }
47 }
48
49 private:
50 Representations::const_iterator pseudo_begin_;
51 Representations::const_iterator pseudo_end_;
52 Representations::const_iterator regular_begin_;
53 Representations::const_iterator regular_end_;
54 };
55
56 namespace {
57
58 // The default header listener.
NoOpListener(absl::string_view,absl::string_view)59 void NoOpListener(absl::string_view /*name*/, absl::string_view /*value*/) {}
60
61 // The default HPACK indexing policy.
DefaultPolicy(absl::string_view name,absl::string_view)62 bool DefaultPolicy(absl::string_view name, absl::string_view /* value */) {
63 if (name.empty()) {
64 return false;
65 }
66 // :authority is always present and rarely changes, and has moderate
67 // length, therefore it makes a lot of sense to index (insert in the
68 // dynamic table).
69 if (name[0] == kPseudoHeaderPrefix) {
70 return name == ":authority";
71 }
72 return true;
73 }
74
75 } // namespace
76
HpackEncoder()77 HpackEncoder::HpackEncoder()
78 : output_stream_(),
79 min_table_size_setting_received_(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()),
80 listener_(NoOpListener),
81 should_index_(DefaultPolicy),
82 enable_compression_(true),
83 should_emit_table_size_(false) {}
84
85 HpackEncoder::~HpackEncoder() = default;
86
EncodeHeaderBlock(const Http2HeaderBlock & header_set)87 std::string HpackEncoder::EncodeHeaderBlock(
88 const Http2HeaderBlock& header_set) {
89 // Separate header set into pseudo-headers and regular headers.
90 Representations pseudo_headers;
91 Representations regular_headers;
92 bool found_cookie = false;
93 for (const auto& header : header_set) {
94 if (!found_cookie && header.first == "cookie") {
95 // Note that there can only be one "cookie" header, because header_set is
96 // a map.
97 found_cookie = true;
98 CookieToCrumbs(header, ®ular_headers);
99 } else if (!header.first.empty() &&
100 header.first[0] == kPseudoHeaderPrefix) {
101 DecomposeRepresentation(header, &pseudo_headers);
102 } else {
103 DecomposeRepresentation(header, ®ular_headers);
104 }
105 }
106
107 RepresentationIterator iter(pseudo_headers, regular_headers);
108 return EncodeRepresentations(&iter);
109 }
110
ApplyHeaderTableSizeSetting(size_t size_setting)111 void HpackEncoder::ApplyHeaderTableSizeSetting(size_t size_setting) {
112 if (size_setting == header_table_.settings_size_bound()) {
113 return;
114 }
115 if (size_setting < header_table_.settings_size_bound()) {
116 min_table_size_setting_received_ =
117 std::min(size_setting, min_table_size_setting_received_);
118 }
119 header_table_.SetSettingsHeaderTableSize(size_setting);
120 should_emit_table_size_ = true;
121 }
122
EncodeRepresentations(RepresentationIterator * iter)123 std::string HpackEncoder::EncodeRepresentations(RepresentationIterator* iter) {
124 MaybeEmitTableSize();
125 while (iter->HasNext()) {
126 const auto header = iter->Next();
127 listener_(header.first, header.second);
128 if (enable_compression_) {
129 size_t index =
130 header_table_.GetByNameAndValue(header.first, header.second);
131 if (index != kHpackEntryNotFound) {
132 EmitIndex(index);
133 } else if (should_index_(header.first, header.second)) {
134 EmitIndexedLiteral(header);
135 } else {
136 EmitNonIndexedLiteral(header, enable_compression_);
137 }
138 } else {
139 EmitNonIndexedLiteral(header, enable_compression_);
140 }
141 }
142
143 return output_stream_.TakeString();
144 }
145
EmitIndex(size_t index)146 void HpackEncoder::EmitIndex(size_t index) {
147 QUICHE_DVLOG(2) << "Emitting index " << index;
148 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kIndexedOpcode);
149 output_stream_.AppendUint32(index);
150 }
151
EmitIndexedLiteral(const Representation & representation)152 void HpackEncoder::EmitIndexedLiteral(const Representation& representation) {
153 QUICHE_DVLOG(2) << "Emitting indexed literal: (" << representation.first
154 << ", " << representation.second << ")";
155 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kLiteralIncrementalIndexOpcode);
156 EmitLiteral(representation);
157 header_table_.TryAddEntry(representation.first, representation.second);
158 }
159
EmitNonIndexedLiteral(const Representation & representation,bool enable_compression)160 void HpackEncoder::EmitNonIndexedLiteral(const Representation& representation,
161 bool enable_compression) {
162 QUICHE_DVLOG(2) << "Emitting nonindexed literal: (" << representation.first
163 << ", " << representation.second << ")";
164 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kLiteralNoIndexOpcode);
165 size_t name_index = header_table_.GetByName(representation.first);
166 if (enable_compression && name_index != kHpackEntryNotFound) {
167 output_stream_.AppendUint32(name_index);
168 } else {
169 output_stream_.AppendUint32(0);
170 EmitString(representation.first);
171 }
172 EmitString(representation.second);
173 }
174
EmitLiteral(const Representation & representation)175 void HpackEncoder::EmitLiteral(const Representation& representation) {
176 size_t name_index = header_table_.GetByName(representation.first);
177 if (name_index != kHpackEntryNotFound) {
178 output_stream_.AppendUint32(name_index);
179 } else {
180 output_stream_.AppendUint32(0);
181 EmitString(representation.first);
182 }
183 EmitString(representation.second);
184 }
185
EmitString(absl::string_view str)186 void HpackEncoder::EmitString(absl::string_view str) {
187 size_t encoded_size =
188 enable_compression_ ? http2::HuffmanSize(str) : str.size();
189 if (encoded_size < str.size()) {
190 QUICHE_DVLOG(2) << "Emitted Huffman-encoded string of length "
191 << encoded_size;
192 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kStringLiteralHuffmanEncoded);
193 output_stream_.AppendUint32(encoded_size);
194 http2::HuffmanEncodeFast(str, encoded_size, output_stream_.MutableString());
195 } else {
196 QUICHE_DVLOG(2) << "Emitted literal string of length " << str.size();
197 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kStringLiteralIdentityEncoded);
198 output_stream_.AppendUint32(str.size());
199 output_stream_.AppendBytes(str);
200 }
201 }
202
MaybeEmitTableSize()203 void HpackEncoder::MaybeEmitTableSize() {
204 if (!should_emit_table_size_) {
205 return;
206 }
207 const size_t current_size = CurrentHeaderTableSizeSetting();
208 QUICHE_DVLOG(1) << "MaybeEmitTableSize current_size=" << current_size;
209 QUICHE_DVLOG(1) << "MaybeEmitTableSize min_table_size_setting_received_="
210 << min_table_size_setting_received_;
211 if (min_table_size_setting_received_ < current_size) {
212 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kHeaderTableSizeUpdateOpcode);
213 output_stream_.AppendUint32(min_table_size_setting_received_);
214 }
215 output_stream_.AppendPrefix(kHeaderTableSizeUpdateOpcode);
216 output_stream_.AppendUint32(current_size);
217 min_table_size_setting_received_ = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
218 should_emit_table_size_ = false;
219 }
220
221 // static
CookieToCrumbs(const Representation & cookie,Representations * out)222 void HpackEncoder::CookieToCrumbs(const Representation& cookie,
223 Representations* out) {
224 // See Section 8.1.2.5. "Compressing the Cookie Header Field" in the HTTP/2
225 // specification at https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-14.
226 // Cookie values are split into individually-encoded HPACK representations.
227 absl::string_view cookie_value = cookie.second;
228 // Consume leading and trailing whitespace if present.
229 absl::string_view::size_type first = cookie_value.find_first_not_of(" \t");
230 absl::string_view::size_type last = cookie_value.find_last_not_of(" \t");
231 if (first == absl::string_view::npos) {
232 cookie_value = absl::string_view();
233 } else {
234 cookie_value = cookie_value.substr(first, (last - first) + 1);
235 }
236 for (size_t pos = 0;;) {
237 size_t end = cookie_value.find(';', pos);
238
239 if (end == absl::string_view::npos) {
240 out->push_back(std::make_pair(cookie.first, cookie_value.substr(pos)));
241 break;
242 }
243 out->push_back(
244 std::make_pair(cookie.first, cookie_value.substr(pos, end - pos)));
245
246 // Consume next space if present.
247 pos = end + 1;
248 if (pos != cookie_value.size() && cookie_value[pos] == ' ') {
249 pos++;
250 }
251 }
252 }
253
254 // static
DecomposeRepresentation(const Representation & header_field,Representations * out)255 void HpackEncoder::DecomposeRepresentation(const Representation& header_field,
256 Representations* out) {
257 size_t pos = 0;
258 size_t end = 0;
259 while (end != absl::string_view::npos) {
260 end = header_field.second.find('\0', pos);
261 out->push_back(std::make_pair(
262 header_field.first,
263 header_field.second.substr(
264 pos, end == absl::string_view::npos ? end : end - pos)));
265 pos = end + 1;
266 }
267 }
268
269 // Iteratively encodes a Http2HeaderBlock.
270 class HpackEncoder::Encoderator : public ProgressiveEncoder {
271 public:
272 Encoderator(const Http2HeaderBlock& header_set, HpackEncoder* encoder);
273 Encoderator(const Representations& representations, HpackEncoder* encoder);
274
275 // Encoderator is neither copyable nor movable.
276 Encoderator(const Encoderator&) = delete;
277 Encoderator& operator=(const Encoderator&) = delete;
278
279 // Returns true iff more remains to encode.
HasNext() const280 bool HasNext() const override { return has_next_; }
281
282 // Encodes and returns up to max_encoded_bytes of the current header block.
283 std::string Next(size_t max_encoded_bytes) override;
284
285 private:
286 HpackEncoder* encoder_;
287 std::unique_ptr<RepresentationIterator> header_it_;
288 Representations pseudo_headers_;
289 Representations regular_headers_;
290 bool has_next_;
291 };
292
Encoderator(const Http2HeaderBlock & header_set,HpackEncoder * encoder)293 HpackEncoder::Encoderator::Encoderator(const Http2HeaderBlock& header_set,
294 HpackEncoder* encoder)
295 : encoder_(encoder), has_next_(true) {
296 // Separate header set into pseudo-headers and regular headers.
297 bool found_cookie = false;
298 for (const auto& header : header_set) {
299 if (!found_cookie && header.first == "cookie") {
300 // Note that there can only be one "cookie" header, because header_set
301 // is a map.
302 found_cookie = true;
303 CookieToCrumbs(header, ®ular_headers_);
304 } else if (!header.first.empty() &&
305 header.first[0] == kPseudoHeaderPrefix) {
306 DecomposeRepresentation(header, &pseudo_headers_);
307 } else {
308 DecomposeRepresentation(header, ®ular_headers_);
309 }
310 }
311 header_it_ = std::make_unique<RepresentationIterator>(pseudo_headers_,
312 regular_headers_);
313
314 encoder_->MaybeEmitTableSize();
315 }
316
Encoderator(const Representations & representations,HpackEncoder * encoder)317 HpackEncoder::Encoderator::Encoderator(const Representations& representations,
318 HpackEncoder* encoder)
319 : encoder_(encoder), has_next_(true) {
320 for (const auto& header : representations) {
321 if (header.first == "cookie") {
322 CookieToCrumbs(header, ®ular_headers_);
323 } else if (!header.first.empty() &&
324 header.first[0] == kPseudoHeaderPrefix) {
325 pseudo_headers_.push_back(header);
326 } else {
327 regular_headers_.push_back(header);
328 }
329 }
330 header_it_ = std::make_unique<RepresentationIterator>(pseudo_headers_,
331 regular_headers_);
332
333 encoder_->MaybeEmitTableSize();
334 }
335
Next(size_t max_encoded_bytes)336 std::string HpackEncoder::Encoderator::Next(size_t max_encoded_bytes) {
337 QUICHE_BUG_IF(spdy_bug_61_1, !has_next_)
338 << "Encoderator::Next called with nothing left to encode.";
339 const bool enable_compression = encoder_->enable_compression_;
340
341 // Encode up to max_encoded_bytes of headers.
342 while (header_it_->HasNext() &&
343 encoder_->output_stream_.size() <= max_encoded_bytes) {
344 const Representation header = header_it_->Next();
345 encoder_->listener_(header.first, header.second);
346 if (enable_compression) {
347 size_t index = encoder_->header_table_.GetByNameAndValue(header.first,
348 header.second);
349 if (index != kHpackEntryNotFound) {
350 encoder_->EmitIndex(index);
351 } else if (encoder_->should_index_(header.first, header.second)) {
352 encoder_->EmitIndexedLiteral(header);
353 } else {
354 encoder_->EmitNonIndexedLiteral(header, enable_compression);
355 }
356 } else {
357 encoder_->EmitNonIndexedLiteral(header, enable_compression);
358 }
359 }
360
361 has_next_ = encoder_->output_stream_.size() > max_encoded_bytes;
362 return encoder_->output_stream_.BoundedTakeString(max_encoded_bytes);
363 }
364
EncodeHeaderSet(const Http2HeaderBlock & header_set)365 std::unique_ptr<HpackEncoder::ProgressiveEncoder> HpackEncoder::EncodeHeaderSet(
366 const Http2HeaderBlock& header_set) {
367 return std::make_unique<Encoderator>(header_set, this);
368 }
369
370 std::unique_ptr<HpackEncoder::ProgressiveEncoder>
EncodeRepresentations(const Representations & representations)371 HpackEncoder::EncodeRepresentations(const Representations& representations) {
372 return std::make_unique<Encoderator>(representations, this);
373 }
374
375 } // namespace spdy
376