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1// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
2// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
3// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
4
5package protoreflect
6
7import (
8	"fmt"
9	"math"
10)
11
12// Value is a union where only one Go type may be set at a time.
13// The Value is used to represent all possible values a field may take.
14// The following shows which Go type is used to represent each proto Kind:
15//
16//	╔════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════╗
17//	║ Go type    │ Protobuf kind                       ║
18//	╠════════════╪═════════════════════════════════════╣
19//	║ bool       │ BoolKind                            ║
20//	║ int32      │ Int32Kind, Sint32Kind, Sfixed32Kind ║
21//	║ int64      │ Int64Kind, Sint64Kind, Sfixed64Kind ║
22//	║ uint32     │ Uint32Kind, Fixed32Kind             ║
23//	║ uint64     │ Uint64Kind, Fixed64Kind             ║
24//	║ float32    │ FloatKind                           ║
25//	║ float64    │ DoubleKind                          ║
26//	║ string     │ StringKind                          ║
27//	║ []byte     │ BytesKind                           ║
28//	║ EnumNumber │ EnumKind                            ║
29//	║ Message    │ MessageKind, GroupKind              ║
30//	╚════════════╧═════════════════════════════════════╝
31//
32// Multiple protobuf Kinds may be represented by a single Go type if the type
33// can losslessly represent the information for the proto kind. For example,
34// Int64Kind, Sint64Kind, and Sfixed64Kind are all represented by int64,
35// but use different integer encoding methods.
36//
37// The List or Map types are used if the field cardinality is repeated.
38// A field is a List if FieldDescriptor.IsList reports true.
39// A field is a Map if FieldDescriptor.IsMap reports true.
40//
41// Converting to/from a Value and a concrete Go value panics on type mismatch.
42// For example, ValueOf("hello").Int() panics because this attempts to
43// retrieve an int64 from a string.
44//
45// List, Map, and Message Values are called "composite" values.
46//
47// A composite Value may alias (reference) memory at some location,
48// such that changes to the Value updates the that location.
49// A composite value acquired with a Mutable method, such as Message.Mutable,
50// always references the source object.
51//
52// For example:
53//
54//	// Append a 0 to a "repeated int32" field.
55//	// Since the Value returned by Mutable is guaranteed to alias
56//	// the source message, modifying the Value modifies the message.
57//	message.Mutable(fieldDesc).List().Append(protoreflect.ValueOfInt32(0))
58//
59//	// Assign [0] to a "repeated int32" field by creating a new Value,
60//	// modifying it, and assigning it.
61//	list := message.NewField(fieldDesc).List()
62//	list.Append(protoreflect.ValueOfInt32(0))
63//	message.Set(fieldDesc, list)
64//	// ERROR: Since it is not defined whether Set aliases the source,
65//	// appending to the List here may or may not modify the message.
66//	list.Append(protoreflect.ValueOfInt32(0))
67//
68// Some operations, such as Message.Get, may return an "empty, read-only"
69// composite Value. Modifying an empty, read-only value panics.
70type Value value
71
72// The protoreflect API uses a custom Value union type instead of interface{}
73// to keep the future open for performance optimizations. Using an interface{}
74// always incurs an allocation for primitives (e.g., int64) since it needs to
75// be boxed on the heap (as interfaces can only contain pointers natively).
76// Instead, we represent the Value union as a flat struct that internally keeps
77// track of which type is set. Using unsafe, the Value union can be reduced
78// down to 24B, which is identical in size to a slice.
79//
80// The latest compiler (Go1.11) currently suffers from some limitations:
81//	• With inlining, the compiler should be able to statically prove that
82//	only one of these switch cases are taken and inline one specific case.
83//	See https://golang.org/issue/22310.
84
85// ValueOf returns a Value initialized with the concrete value stored in v.
86// This panics if the type does not match one of the allowed types in the
87// Value union.
88func ValueOf(v interface{}) Value {
89	switch v := v.(type) {
90	case nil:
91		return Value{}
92	case bool:
93		return ValueOfBool(v)
94	case int32:
95		return ValueOfInt32(v)
96	case int64:
97		return ValueOfInt64(v)
98	case uint32:
99		return ValueOfUint32(v)
100	case uint64:
101		return ValueOfUint64(v)
102	case float32:
103		return ValueOfFloat32(v)
104	case float64:
105		return ValueOfFloat64(v)
106	case string:
107		return ValueOfString(v)
108	case []byte:
109		return ValueOfBytes(v)
110	case EnumNumber:
111		return ValueOfEnum(v)
112	case Message, List, Map:
113		return valueOfIface(v)
114	case ProtoMessage:
115		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid proto.Message(%T) type, expected a protoreflect.Message type", v))
116	default:
117		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid type: %T", v))
118	}
119}
120
121// ValueOfBool returns a new boolean value.
122func ValueOfBool(v bool) Value {
123	if v {
124		return Value{typ: boolType, num: 1}
125	} else {
126		return Value{typ: boolType, num: 0}
127	}
128}
129
130// ValueOfInt32 returns a new int32 value.
131func ValueOfInt32(v int32) Value {
132	return Value{typ: int32Type, num: uint64(v)}
133}
134
135// ValueOfInt64 returns a new int64 value.
136func ValueOfInt64(v int64) Value {
137	return Value{typ: int64Type, num: uint64(v)}
138}
139
140// ValueOfUint32 returns a new uint32 value.
141func ValueOfUint32(v uint32) Value {
142	return Value{typ: uint32Type, num: uint64(v)}
143}
144
145// ValueOfUint64 returns a new uint64 value.
146func ValueOfUint64(v uint64) Value {
147	return Value{typ: uint64Type, num: v}
148}
149
150// ValueOfFloat32 returns a new float32 value.
151func ValueOfFloat32(v float32) Value {
152	return Value{typ: float32Type, num: uint64(math.Float64bits(float64(v)))}
153}
154
155// ValueOfFloat64 returns a new float64 value.
156func ValueOfFloat64(v float64) Value {
157	return Value{typ: float64Type, num: uint64(math.Float64bits(float64(v)))}
158}
159
160// ValueOfString returns a new string value.
161func ValueOfString(v string) Value {
162	return valueOfString(v)
163}
164
165// ValueOfBytes returns a new bytes value.
166func ValueOfBytes(v []byte) Value {
167	return valueOfBytes(v[:len(v):len(v)])
168}
169
170// ValueOfEnum returns a new enum value.
171func ValueOfEnum(v EnumNumber) Value {
172	return Value{typ: enumType, num: uint64(v)}
173}
174
175// ValueOfMessage returns a new Message value.
176func ValueOfMessage(v Message) Value {
177	return valueOfIface(v)
178}
179
180// ValueOfList returns a new List value.
181func ValueOfList(v List) Value {
182	return valueOfIface(v)
183}
184
185// ValueOfMap returns a new Map value.
186func ValueOfMap(v Map) Value {
187	return valueOfIface(v)
188}
189
190// IsValid reports whether v is populated with a value.
191func (v Value) IsValid() bool {
192	return v.typ != nilType
193}
194
195// Interface returns v as an interface{}.
196//
197// Invariant: v == ValueOf(v).Interface()
198func (v Value) Interface() interface{} {
199	switch v.typ {
200	case nilType:
201		return nil
202	case boolType:
203		return v.Bool()
204	case int32Type:
205		return int32(v.Int())
206	case int64Type:
207		return int64(v.Int())
208	case uint32Type:
209		return uint32(v.Uint())
210	case uint64Type:
211		return uint64(v.Uint())
212	case float32Type:
213		return float32(v.Float())
214	case float64Type:
215		return float64(v.Float())
216	case stringType:
217		return v.String()
218	case bytesType:
219		return v.Bytes()
220	case enumType:
221		return v.Enum()
222	default:
223		return v.getIface()
224	}
225}
226
227func (v Value) typeName() string {
228	switch v.typ {
229	case nilType:
230		return "nil"
231	case boolType:
232		return "bool"
233	case int32Type:
234		return "int32"
235	case int64Type:
236		return "int64"
237	case uint32Type:
238		return "uint32"
239	case uint64Type:
240		return "uint64"
241	case float32Type:
242		return "float32"
243	case float64Type:
244		return "float64"
245	case stringType:
246		return "string"
247	case bytesType:
248		return "bytes"
249	case enumType:
250		return "enum"
251	default:
252		switch v := v.getIface().(type) {
253		case Message:
254			return "message"
255		case List:
256			return "list"
257		case Map:
258			return "map"
259		default:
260			return fmt.Sprintf("<unknown: %T>", v)
261		}
262	}
263}
264
265func (v Value) panicMessage(what string) string {
266	return fmt.Sprintf("type mismatch: cannot convert %v to %s", v.typeName(), what)
267}
268
269// Bool returns v as a bool and panics if the type is not a bool.
270func (v Value) Bool() bool {
271	switch v.typ {
272	case boolType:
273		return v.num > 0
274	default:
275		panic(v.panicMessage("bool"))
276	}
277}
278
279// Int returns v as a int64 and panics if the type is not a int32 or int64.
280func (v Value) Int() int64 {
281	switch v.typ {
282	case int32Type, int64Type:
283		return int64(v.num)
284	default:
285		panic(v.panicMessage("int"))
286	}
287}
288
289// Uint returns v as a uint64 and panics if the type is not a uint32 or uint64.
290func (v Value) Uint() uint64 {
291	switch v.typ {
292	case uint32Type, uint64Type:
293		return uint64(v.num)
294	default:
295		panic(v.panicMessage("uint"))
296	}
297}
298
299// Float returns v as a float64 and panics if the type is not a float32 or float64.
300func (v Value) Float() float64 {
301	switch v.typ {
302	case float32Type, float64Type:
303		return math.Float64frombits(uint64(v.num))
304	default:
305		panic(v.panicMessage("float"))
306	}
307}
308
309// String returns v as a string. Since this method implements fmt.Stringer,
310// this returns the formatted string value for any non-string type.
311func (v Value) String() string {
312	switch v.typ {
313	case stringType:
314		return v.getString()
315	default:
316		return fmt.Sprint(v.Interface())
317	}
318}
319
320// Bytes returns v as a []byte and panics if the type is not a []byte.
321func (v Value) Bytes() []byte {
322	switch v.typ {
323	case bytesType:
324		return v.getBytes()
325	default:
326		panic(v.panicMessage("bytes"))
327	}
328}
329
330// Enum returns v as a EnumNumber and panics if the type is not a EnumNumber.
331func (v Value) Enum() EnumNumber {
332	switch v.typ {
333	case enumType:
334		return EnumNumber(v.num)
335	default:
336		panic(v.panicMessage("enum"))
337	}
338}
339
340// Message returns v as a Message and panics if the type is not a Message.
341func (v Value) Message() Message {
342	switch vi := v.getIface().(type) {
343	case Message:
344		return vi
345	default:
346		panic(v.panicMessage("message"))
347	}
348}
349
350// List returns v as a List and panics if the type is not a List.
351func (v Value) List() List {
352	switch vi := v.getIface().(type) {
353	case List:
354		return vi
355	default:
356		panic(v.panicMessage("list"))
357	}
358}
359
360// Map returns v as a Map and panics if the type is not a Map.
361func (v Value) Map() Map {
362	switch vi := v.getIface().(type) {
363	case Map:
364		return vi
365	default:
366		panic(v.panicMessage("map"))
367	}
368}
369
370// MapKey returns v as a MapKey and panics for invalid MapKey types.
371func (v Value) MapKey() MapKey {
372	switch v.typ {
373	case boolType, int32Type, int64Type, uint32Type, uint64Type, stringType:
374		return MapKey(v)
375	default:
376		panic(v.panicMessage("map key"))
377	}
378}
379
380// MapKey is used to index maps, where the Go type of the MapKey must match
381// the specified key Kind (see MessageDescriptor.IsMapEntry).
382// The following shows what Go type is used to represent each proto Kind:
383//
384//	╔═════════╤═════════════════════════════════════╗
385//	║ Go type │ Protobuf kind                       ║
386//	╠═════════╪═════════════════════════════════════╣
387//	║ bool    │ BoolKind                            ║
388//	║ int32   │ Int32Kind, Sint32Kind, Sfixed32Kind ║
389//	║ int64   │ Int64Kind, Sint64Kind, Sfixed64Kind ║
390//	║ uint32  │ Uint32Kind, Fixed32Kind             ║
391//	║ uint64  │ Uint64Kind, Fixed64Kind             ║
392//	║ string  │ StringKind                          ║
393//	╚═════════╧═════════════════════════════════════╝
394//
395// A MapKey is constructed and accessed through a Value:
396//
397//	k := ValueOf("hash").MapKey() // convert string to MapKey
398//	s := k.String()               // convert MapKey to string
399//
400// The MapKey is a strict subset of valid types used in Value;
401// converting a Value to a MapKey with an invalid type panics.
402type MapKey value
403
404// IsValid reports whether k is populated with a value.
405func (k MapKey) IsValid() bool {
406	return Value(k).IsValid()
407}
408
409// Interface returns k as an interface{}.
410func (k MapKey) Interface() interface{} {
411	return Value(k).Interface()
412}
413
414// Bool returns k as a bool and panics if the type is not a bool.
415func (k MapKey) Bool() bool {
416	return Value(k).Bool()
417}
418
419// Int returns k as a int64 and panics if the type is not a int32 or int64.
420func (k MapKey) Int() int64 {
421	return Value(k).Int()
422}
423
424// Uint returns k as a uint64 and panics if the type is not a uint32 or uint64.
425func (k MapKey) Uint() uint64 {
426	return Value(k).Uint()
427}
428
429// String returns k as a string. Since this method implements fmt.Stringer,
430// this returns the formatted string value for any non-string type.
431func (k MapKey) String() string {
432	return Value(k).String()
433}
434
435// Value returns k as a Value.
436func (k MapKey) Value() Value {
437	return Value(k)
438}
439