xref: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/text/Layout.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.text;

import android.annotation.IntDef;
import android.annotation.IntRange;
import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.graphics.text.LineBreaker;
import android.os.Build;
import android.text.method.TextKeyListener;
import android.text.style.AlignmentSpan;
import android.text.style.LeadingMarginSpan;
import android.text.style.LeadingMarginSpan.LeadingMarginSpan2;
import android.text.style.LineBackgroundSpan;
import android.text.style.ParagraphStyle;
import android.text.style.ReplacementSpan;
import android.text.style.TabStopSpan;

import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
import com.android.internal.util.GrowingArrayUtils;

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A base class that manages text layout in visual elements on
 * the screen.
 * <p>For text that will be edited, use a {@link DynamicLayout},
 * which will be updated as the text changes.
 * For text that will not change, use a {@link StaticLayout}.
 */
public abstract class Layout {
    /** @hide */
    @IntDef(prefix = { "BREAK_STRATEGY_" }, value = {
            LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_SIMPLE,
            LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_HIGH_QUALITY,
            LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_BALANCED
    })
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface BreakStrategy {}

    /**
     * Value for break strategy indicating simple line breaking. Automatic hyphens are not added
     * (though soft hyphens are respected), and modifying text generally doesn't affect the layout
     * before it (which yields a more consistent user experience when editing), but layout may not
     * be the highest quality.
     */
    public static final int BREAK_STRATEGY_SIMPLE = LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_SIMPLE;

    /**
     * Value for break strategy indicating high quality line breaking, including automatic
     * hyphenation and doing whole-paragraph optimization of line breaks.
     */
    public static final int BREAK_STRATEGY_HIGH_QUALITY = LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_HIGH_QUALITY;

    /**
     * Value for break strategy indicating balanced line breaking. The breaks are chosen to
     * make all lines as close to the same length as possible, including automatic hyphenation.
     */
    public static final int BREAK_STRATEGY_BALANCED = LineBreaker.BREAK_STRATEGY_BALANCED;

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef(prefix = { "HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_" }, value = {
            HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NORMAL,
            HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NORMAL_FAST,
            HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_FULL,
            HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_FULL_FAST,
            HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NONE
    })
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface HyphenationFrequency {}

    /**
     * Value for hyphenation frequency indicating no automatic hyphenation. Useful
     * for backward compatibility, and for cases where the automatic hyphenation algorithm results
     * in incorrect hyphenation. Mid-word breaks may still happen when a word is wider than the
     * layout and there is otherwise no valid break. Soft hyphens are ignored and will not be used
     * as suggestions for potential line breaks.
     */
    public static final int HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NONE = 0;

    /**
     * Value for hyphenation frequency indicating a light amount of automatic hyphenation, which
     * is a conservative default. Useful for informal cases, such as short sentences or chat
     * messages.
     */
    public static final int HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NORMAL = 1;

    /**
     * Value for hyphenation frequency indicating the full amount of automatic hyphenation, typical
     * in typography. Useful for running text and where it's important to put the maximum amount of
     * text in a screen with limited space.
     */
    public static final int HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_FULL = 2;

    /**
     * Value for hyphenation frequency indicating a light amount of automatic hyphenation with
     * using faster algorithm.
     *
     * This option is useful for informal cases, such as short sentences or chat messages. To make
     * text rendering faster with hyphenation, this algorithm ignores some hyphen character related
     * typographic features, e.g. kerning.
     */
    public static final int HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_NORMAL_FAST = 3;
    /**
     * Value for hyphenation frequency indicating the full amount of automatic hyphenation with
     * using faster algorithm.
     *
     * This option is useful for running text and where it's important to put the maximum amount of
     * text in a screen with limited space. To make text rendering faster with hyphenation, this
     * algorithm ignores some hyphen character related typographic features, e.g. kerning.
     */
    public static final int HYPHENATION_FREQUENCY_FULL_FAST = 4;

    private static final ParagraphStyle[] NO_PARA_SPANS =
        ArrayUtils.emptyArray(ParagraphStyle.class);

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef(prefix = { "JUSTIFICATION_MODE_" }, value = {
            LineBreaker.JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE,
            LineBreaker.JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD
    })
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface JustificationMode {}

    /**
     * Value for justification mode indicating no justification.
     */
    public static final int JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE = LineBreaker.JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE;

    /**
     * Value for justification mode indicating the text is justified by stretching word spacing.
     */
    public static final int JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD =
            LineBreaker.JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD;

    /*
     * Line spacing multiplier for default line spacing.
     */
    public static final float DEFAULT_LINESPACING_MULTIPLIER = 1.0f;

    /*
     * Line spacing addition for default line spacing.
     */
    public static final float DEFAULT_LINESPACING_ADDITION = 0.0f;

    /**
     * Strategy which considers a text segment to be inside a rectangle area if the segment bounds
     * intersect the rectangle.
     */
    @NonNull
    public static final TextInclusionStrategy INCLUSION_STRATEGY_ANY_OVERLAP =
            RectF::intersects;

    /**
     * Strategy which considers a text segment to be inside a rectangle area if the center of the
     * segment bounds is inside the rectangle.
     */
    @NonNull
    public static final TextInclusionStrategy INCLUSION_STRATEGY_CONTAINS_CENTER =
            (segmentBounds, area) ->
                    area.contains(segmentBounds.centerX(), segmentBounds.centerY());

    /**
     * Strategy which considers a text segment to be inside a rectangle area if the segment bounds
     * are completely contained within the rectangle.
     */
    @NonNull
    public static final TextInclusionStrategy INCLUSION_STRATEGY_CONTAINS_ALL =
            (segmentBounds, area) -> area.contains(segmentBounds);

    /**
     * Return how wide a layout must be in order to display the specified text with one line per
     * paragraph.
     *
     * <p>As of O, Uses
     * {@link TextDirectionHeuristics#FIRSTSTRONG_LTR} as the default text direction heuristics. In
     * the earlier versions uses {@link TextDirectionHeuristics#LTR} as the default.</p>
     */
    public static float getDesiredWidth(CharSequence source,
                                        TextPaint paint) {
        return getDesiredWidth(source, 0, source.length(), paint);
    }

    /**
     * Return how wide a layout must be in order to display the specified text slice with one
     * line per paragraph.
     *
     * <p>As of O, Uses
     * {@link TextDirectionHeuristics#FIRSTSTRONG_LTR} as the default text direction heuristics. In
     * the earlier versions uses {@link TextDirectionHeuristics#LTR} as the default.</p>
     */
    public static float getDesiredWidth(CharSequence source, int start, int end, TextPaint paint) {
        return getDesiredWidth(source, start, end, paint, TextDirectionHeuristics.FIRSTSTRONG_LTR);
    }

    /**
     * Return how wide a layout must be in order to display the
     * specified text slice with one line per paragraph.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public static float getDesiredWidth(CharSequence source, int start, int end, TextPaint paint,
            TextDirectionHeuristic textDir) {
        return getDesiredWidthWithLimit(source, start, end, paint, textDir, Float.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    /**
     * Return how wide a layout must be in order to display the
     * specified text slice with one line per paragraph.
     *
     * If the measured width exceeds given limit, returns limit value instead.
     * @hide
     */
    public static float getDesiredWidthWithLimit(CharSequence source, int start, int end,
            TextPaint paint, TextDirectionHeuristic textDir, float upperLimit) {
        float need = 0;

        int next;
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i = next) {
            next = TextUtils.indexOf(source, '\n', i, end);

            if (next < 0)
                next = end;

            // note, omits trailing paragraph char
            float w = measurePara(paint, source, i, next, textDir);
            if (w > upperLimit) {
                return upperLimit;
            }

            if (w > need)
                need = w;

            next++;
        }

        return need;
    }

    /**
     * Subclasses of Layout use this constructor to set the display text,
     * width, and other standard properties.
     * @param text the text to render
     * @param paint the default paint for the layout.  Styles can override
     * various attributes of the paint.
     * @param width the wrapping width for the text.
     * @param align whether to left, right, or center the text.  Styles can
     * override the alignment.
     * @param spacingMult factor by which to scale the font size to get the
     * default line spacing
     * @param spacingAdd amount to add to the default line spacing
     */
    protected Layout(CharSequence text, TextPaint paint,
                     int width, Alignment align,
                     float spacingMult, float spacingAdd) {
        this(text, paint, width, align, TextDirectionHeuristics.FIRSTSTRONG_LTR,
                spacingMult, spacingAdd);
    }

    /**
     * Subclasses of Layout use this constructor to set the display text,
     * width, and other standard properties.
     * @param text the text to render
     * @param paint the default paint for the layout.  Styles can override
     * various attributes of the paint.
     * @param width the wrapping width for the text.
     * @param align whether to left, right, or center the text.  Styles can
     * override the alignment.
     * @param spacingMult factor by which to scale the font size to get the
     * default line spacing
     * @param spacingAdd amount to add to the default line spacing
     *
     * @hide
     */
    protected Layout(CharSequence text, TextPaint paint,
                     int width, Alignment align, TextDirectionHeuristic textDir,
                     float spacingMult, float spacingAdd) {

        if (width < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Layout: " + width + " < 0");

        // Ensure paint doesn't have baselineShift set.
        // While normally we don't modify the paint the user passed in,
        // we were already doing this in Styled.drawUniformRun with both
        // baselineShift and bgColor.  We probably should reevaluate bgColor.
        if (paint != null) {
            paint.bgColor = 0;
            paint.baselineShift = 0;
        }

        mText = text;
        mPaint = paint;
        mWidth = width;
        mAlignment = align;
        mSpacingMult = spacingMult;
        mSpacingAdd = spacingAdd;
        mSpannedText = text instanceof Spanned;
        mTextDir = textDir;
    }

    /** @hide */
    protected void setJustificationMode(@JustificationMode int justificationMode) {
        mJustificationMode = justificationMode;
    }

    /**
     * Replace constructor properties of this Layout with new ones.  Be careful.
     */
    /* package */ void replaceWith(CharSequence text, TextPaint paint,
                              int width, Alignment align,
                              float spacingmult, float spacingadd) {
        if (width < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Layout: " + width + " < 0");
        }

        mText = text;
        mPaint = paint;
        mWidth = width;
        mAlignment = align;
        mSpacingMult = spacingmult;
        mSpacingAdd = spacingadd;
        mSpannedText = text instanceof Spanned;
    }

    /**
     * Draw this Layout on the specified Canvas.
     *
     * This API draws background first, then draws text on top of it.
     *
     * @see #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)
     */
    public void draw(Canvas c) {
        draw(c, (Path) null, (Paint) null, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Draw this Layout on the specified canvas, with the highlight path drawn
     * between the background and the text.
     *
     * @param canvas the canvas
     * @param selectionHighlight the path of the selection highlight or cursor; can be null
     * @param selectionHighlightPaint the paint for the selection highlight
     * @param cursorOffsetVertical the amount to temporarily translate the
     *        canvas while rendering the highlight
     *
     * @see #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)
     */
    public void draw(
            Canvas canvas, Path selectionHighlight,
            Paint selectionHighlightPaint, int cursorOffsetVertical) {
        draw(canvas, null, null, selectionHighlight, selectionHighlightPaint, cursorOffsetVertical);
    }

    /**
     * Draw this layout on the specified canvas.
     *
     * This API draws background first, then draws highlight paths on top of it, then draws
     * selection or cursor, then finally draws text on top of it.
     *
     * @see #drawBackground(Canvas)
     * @see #drawText(Canvas)
     *
     * @param canvas the canvas
     * @param highlightPaths the path of the highlights. The highlightPaths and highlightPaints must
     *                      have the same length and aligned in the same order. For example, the
     *                      paint of the n-th of the highlightPaths should be stored at the n-th of
     *                      highlightPaints.
     * @param highlightPaints the paints for the highlights. The highlightPaths and highlightPaints
     *                        must have the same length and aligned in the same order. For example,
     *                        the paint of the n-th of the highlightPaths should be stored at the
     *                        n-th of highlightPaints.
     * @param selectionPath the selection or cursor path
     * @param selectionPaint the paint for the selection or cursor.
     * @param cursorOffsetVertical the amount to temporarily translate the canvas while rendering
     *                            the highlight
     */
    public void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas,
            @Nullable List<Path> highlightPaths,
            @Nullable List<Paint> highlightPaints,
            @Nullable Path selectionPath,
            @Nullable Paint selectionPaint,
            int cursorOffsetVertical) {
        final long lineRange = getLineRangeForDraw(canvas);
        int firstLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeStartFromLong(lineRange);
        int lastLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeEndFromLong(lineRange);
        if (lastLine < 0) return;

        drawWithoutText(canvas, highlightPaths, highlightPaints, selectionPath, selectionPaint,
                cursorOffsetVertical, firstLine, lastLine);
        drawText(canvas, firstLine, lastLine);
    }

    /**
     * Draw text part of this layout.
     *
     * Different from {@link #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)} API, this API only draws
     * text part, not drawing highlights, selections, or backgrounds.
     *
     * @see #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)
     * @see #drawBackground(Canvas)
     *
     * @param canvas the canvas
     */
    public void drawText(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {
        final long lineRange = getLineRangeForDraw(canvas);
        int firstLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeStartFromLong(lineRange);
        int lastLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeEndFromLong(lineRange);
        if (lastLine < 0) return;
        drawText(canvas, firstLine, lastLine);
    }

    /**
     * Draw background of this layout.
     *
     * Different from {@link #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)} API, this API only draws
     * background, not drawing text, highlights or selections. The background here is drawn by
     * {@link LineBackgroundSpan} attached to the text.
     *
     * @see #draw(Canvas, List, List, Path, Paint, int)
     * @see #drawText(Canvas)
     *
     * @param canvas the canvas
     */
    public void drawBackground(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {
        final long lineRange = getLineRangeForDraw(canvas);
        int firstLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeStartFromLong(lineRange);
        int lastLine = TextUtils.unpackRangeEndFromLong(lineRange);
        if (lastLine < 0) return;
        drawBackground(canvas, firstLine, lastLine);
    }

    /**
     * @hide public for Editor.java
     */
    public void drawWithoutText(
            @NonNull Canvas canvas,
            @Nullable List<Path> highlightPaths,
            @Nullable List<Paint> highlightPaints,
            @Nullable Path selectionPath,
            @Nullable Paint selectionPaint,
            int cursorOffsetVertical,
            int firstLine,
            int lastLine) {
        drawBackground(canvas, firstLine, lastLine);
        if (highlightPaths == null && highlightPaints == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (cursorOffsetVertical != 0) canvas.translate(0, cursorOffsetVertical);
        try {
            if (highlightPaths != null) {
                if (highlightPaints == null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "if highlight is specified, highlightPaint must be specified.");
                }
                if (highlightPaints.size() != highlightPaths.size()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "The highlight path size is different from the size of highlight"
                                    + " paints");
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < highlightPaths.size(); ++i) {
                    final Path highlight = highlightPaths.get(i);
                    final Paint highlightPaint = highlightPaints.get(i);
                    if (highlight != null) {
                        canvas.drawPath(highlight, highlightPaint);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (selectionPath != null) {
                canvas.drawPath(selectionPath, selectionPaint);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursorOffsetVertical != 0) canvas.translate(0, -cursorOffsetVertical);
        }
    }

    private boolean isJustificationRequired(int lineNum) {
        if (mJustificationMode == JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE) return false;
        final int lineEnd = getLineEnd(lineNum);
        return lineEnd < mText.length() && mText.charAt(lineEnd - 1) != '\n';
    }

    private float getJustifyWidth(int lineNum) {
        Alignment paraAlign = mAlignment;

        int left = 0;
        int right = mWidth;

        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(lineNum);

        ParagraphStyle[] spans = NO_PARA_SPANS;
        if (mSpannedText) {
            Spanned sp = (Spanned) mText;
            final int start = getLineStart(lineNum);

            final boolean isFirstParaLine = (start == 0 || mText.charAt(start - 1) == '\n');

            if (isFirstParaLine) {
                final int spanEnd = sp.nextSpanTransition(start, mText.length(),
                        ParagraphStyle.class);
                spans = getParagraphSpans(sp, start, spanEnd, ParagraphStyle.class);

                for (int n = spans.length - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
                    if (spans[n] instanceof AlignmentSpan) {
                        paraAlign = ((AlignmentSpan) spans[n]).getAlignment();
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            final int length = spans.length;
            boolean useFirstLineMargin = isFirstParaLine;
            for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
                if (spans[n] instanceof LeadingMarginSpan2) {
                    int count = ((LeadingMarginSpan2) spans[n]).getLeadingMarginLineCount();
                    int startLine = getLineForOffset(sp.getSpanStart(spans[n]));
                    if (lineNum < startLine + count) {
                        useFirstLineMargin = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
                if (spans[n] instanceof LeadingMarginSpan) {
                    LeadingMarginSpan margin = (LeadingMarginSpan) spans[n];
                    if (dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
                        right -= margin.getLeadingMargin(useFirstLineMargin);
                    } else {
                        left += margin.getLeadingMargin(useFirstLineMargin);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        final Alignment align;
        if (paraAlign == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT) {
            align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ?  Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL : Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE;
        } else if (paraAlign == Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT) {
            align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ?  Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE : Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL;
        } else {
            align = paraAlign;
        }

        final int indentWidth;
        if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL) {
            if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
            } else {
                indentWidth = -getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
            }
        } else if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE) {
            if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                indentWidth = -getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
            } else {
                indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
            }
        } else { // Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER
            indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER);
        }

        return right - left - indentWidth;
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public void drawText(Canvas canvas, int firstLine, int lastLine) {
        int previousLineBottom = getLineTop(firstLine);
        int previousLineEnd = getLineStart(firstLine);
        ParagraphStyle[] spans = NO_PARA_SPANS;
        int spanEnd = 0;
        final TextPaint paint = mWorkPaint;
        paint.set(mPaint);
        CharSequence buf = mText;

        Alignment paraAlign = mAlignment;
        TabStops tabStops = null;
        boolean tabStopsIsInitialized = false;

        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();

        // Draw the lines, one at a time.
        // The baseline is the top of the following line minus the current line's descent.
        for (int lineNum = firstLine; lineNum <= lastLine; lineNum++) {
            int start = previousLineEnd;
            previousLineEnd = getLineStart(lineNum + 1);
            final boolean justify = isJustificationRequired(lineNum);
            int end = getLineVisibleEnd(lineNum, start, previousLineEnd);
            paint.setStartHyphenEdit(getStartHyphenEdit(lineNum));
            paint.setEndHyphenEdit(getEndHyphenEdit(lineNum));

            int ltop = previousLineBottom;
            int lbottom = getLineTop(lineNum + 1);
            previousLineBottom = lbottom;
            int lbaseline = lbottom - getLineDescent(lineNum);

            int dir = getParagraphDirection(lineNum);
            int left = 0;
            int right = mWidth;

            if (mSpannedText) {
                Spanned sp = (Spanned) buf;
                int textLength = buf.length();
                boolean isFirstParaLine = (start == 0 || buf.charAt(start - 1) == '\n');

                // New batch of paragraph styles, collect into spans array.
                // Compute the alignment, last alignment style wins.
                // Reset tabStops, we'll rebuild if we encounter a line with
                // tabs.
                // We expect paragraph spans to be relatively infrequent, use
                // spanEnd so that we can check less frequently.  Since
                // paragraph styles ought to apply to entire paragraphs, we can
                // just collect the ones present at the start of the paragraph.
                // If spanEnd is before the end of the paragraph, that's not
                // our problem.
                if (start >= spanEnd && (lineNum == firstLine || isFirstParaLine)) {
                    spanEnd = sp.nextSpanTransition(start, textLength,
                                                    ParagraphStyle.class);
                    spans = getParagraphSpans(sp, start, spanEnd, ParagraphStyle.class);

                    paraAlign = mAlignment;
                    for (int n = spans.length - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
                        if (spans[n] instanceof AlignmentSpan) {
                            paraAlign = ((AlignmentSpan) spans[n]).getAlignment();
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    tabStopsIsInitialized = false;
                }

                // Draw all leading margin spans.  Adjust left or right according
                // to the paragraph direction of the line.
                final int length = spans.length;
                boolean useFirstLineMargin = isFirstParaLine;
                for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
                    if (spans[n] instanceof LeadingMarginSpan2) {
                        int count = ((LeadingMarginSpan2) spans[n]).getLeadingMarginLineCount();
                        int startLine = getLineForOffset(sp.getSpanStart(spans[n]));
                        // if there is more than one LeadingMarginSpan2, use
                        // the count that is greatest
                        if (lineNum < startLine + count) {
                            useFirstLineMargin = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
                    if (spans[n] instanceof LeadingMarginSpan) {
                        LeadingMarginSpan margin = (LeadingMarginSpan) spans[n];
                        if (dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
                            margin.drawLeadingMargin(canvas, paint, right, dir, ltop,
                                                     lbaseline, lbottom, buf,
                                                     start, end, isFirstParaLine, this);
                            right -= margin.getLeadingMargin(useFirstLineMargin);
                        } else {
                            margin.drawLeadingMargin(canvas, paint, left, dir, ltop,
                                                     lbaseline, lbottom, buf,
                                                     start, end, isFirstParaLine, this);
                            left += margin.getLeadingMargin(useFirstLineMargin);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            boolean hasTab = getLineContainsTab(lineNum);
            // Can't tell if we have tabs for sure, currently
            if (hasTab && !tabStopsIsInitialized) {
                if (tabStops == null) {
                    tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, spans);
                } else {
                    tabStops.reset(TAB_INCREMENT, spans);
                }
                tabStopsIsInitialized = true;
            }

            // Determine whether the line aligns to normal, opposite, or center.
            Alignment align = paraAlign;
            if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT) {
                align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ?
                    Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL : Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE;
            } else if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT) {
                align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ?
                    Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE : Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL;
            }

            int x;
            final int indentWidth;
            if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL) {
                if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                    indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
                    x = left + indentWidth;
                } else {
                    indentWidth = -getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
                    x = right - indentWidth;
                }
            } else {
                int max = (int)getLineExtent(lineNum, tabStops, false);
                if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE) {
                    if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                        indentWidth = -getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
                        x = right - max - indentWidth;
                    } else {
                        indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
                        x = left - max + indentWidth;
                    }
                } else { // Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER
                    indentWidth = getIndentAdjust(lineNum, Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER);
                    max = max & ~1;
                    x = ((right + left - max) >> 1) + indentWidth;
                }
            }

            Directions directions = getLineDirections(lineNum);
            if (directions == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT && !mSpannedText && !hasTab && !justify) {
                // XXX: assumes there's nothing additional to be done
                canvas.drawText(buf, start, end, x, lbaseline, paint);
            } else {
                tl.set(paint, buf, start, end, dir, directions, hasTab, tabStops,
                        getEllipsisStart(lineNum),
                        getEllipsisStart(lineNum) + getEllipsisCount(lineNum),
                        isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
                if (justify) {
                    tl.justify(right - left - indentWidth);
                }
                tl.draw(canvas, x, ltop, lbaseline, lbottom);
            }
        }

        TextLine.recycle(tl);
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public void drawBackground(
            @NonNull Canvas canvas,
            int firstLine, int lastLine) {
        // First, draw LineBackgroundSpans.
        // LineBackgroundSpans know nothing about the alignment, margins, or
        // direction of the layout or line.  XXX: Should they?
        // They are evaluated at each line.
        if (mSpannedText) {
            if (mLineBackgroundSpans == null) {
                mLineBackgroundSpans = new SpanSet<LineBackgroundSpan>(LineBackgroundSpan.class);
            }

            Spanned buffer = (Spanned) mText;
            int textLength = buffer.length();
            mLineBackgroundSpans.init(buffer, 0, textLength);

            if (mLineBackgroundSpans.numberOfSpans > 0) {
                int previousLineBottom = getLineTop(firstLine);
                int previousLineEnd = getLineStart(firstLine);
                ParagraphStyle[] spans = NO_PARA_SPANS;
                int spansLength = 0;
                TextPaint paint = mPaint;
                int spanEnd = 0;
                final int width = mWidth;
                for (int i = firstLine; i <= lastLine; i++) {
                    int start = previousLineEnd;
                    int end = getLineStart(i + 1);
                    previousLineEnd = end;

                    int ltop = previousLineBottom;
                    int lbottom = getLineTop(i + 1);
                    previousLineBottom = lbottom;
                    int lbaseline = lbottom - getLineDescent(i);

                    if (end >= spanEnd) {
                        // These should be infrequent, so we'll use this so that
                        // we don't have to check as often.
                        spanEnd = mLineBackgroundSpans.getNextTransition(start, textLength);
                        // All LineBackgroundSpans on a line contribute to its background.
                        spansLength = 0;
                        // Duplication of the logic of getParagraphSpans
                        if (start != end || start == 0) {
                            // Equivalent to a getSpans(start, end), but filling the 'spans' local
                            // array instead to reduce memory allocation
                            for (int j = 0; j < mLineBackgroundSpans.numberOfSpans; j++) {
                                // equal test is valid since both intervals are not empty by
                                // construction
                                if (mLineBackgroundSpans.spanStarts[j] >= end ||
                                        mLineBackgroundSpans.spanEnds[j] <= start) continue;
                                spans = GrowingArrayUtils.append(
                                        spans, spansLength, mLineBackgroundSpans.spans[j]);
                                spansLength++;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    for (int n = 0; n < spansLength; n++) {
                        LineBackgroundSpan lineBackgroundSpan = (LineBackgroundSpan) spans[n];
                        lineBackgroundSpan.drawBackground(canvas, paint, 0, width,
                                ltop, lbaseline, lbottom,
                                buffer, start, end, i);
                    }
                }
            }
            mLineBackgroundSpans.recycle();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param canvas
     * @return The range of lines that need to be drawn, possibly empty.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public long getLineRangeForDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        int dtop, dbottom;

        synchronized (sTempRect) {
            if (!canvas.getClipBounds(sTempRect)) {
                // Negative range end used as a special flag
                return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(0, -1);
            }

            dtop = sTempRect.top;
            dbottom = sTempRect.bottom;
        }

        final int top = Math.max(dtop, 0);
        final int bottom = Math.min(getLineTop(getLineCount()), dbottom);

        if (top >= bottom) return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(0, -1);
        return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(getLineForVertical(top), getLineForVertical(bottom));
    }

    /**
     * Return the start position of the line, given the left and right bounds of the margins.
     *
     * @param line the line index
     * @param left the left bounds (0, or leading margin if ltr para)
     * @param right the right bounds (width, minus leading margin if rtl para)
     * @return the start position of the line (to right of line if rtl para)
     */
    private int getLineStartPos(int line, int left, int right) {
        // Adjust the point at which to start rendering depending on the
        // alignment of the paragraph.
        Alignment align = getParagraphAlignment(line);
        int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);

        if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT) {
            align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ? Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL : Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE;
        } else if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT) {
            align = (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ? Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE : Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL;
        }

        int x;
        if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL) {
            if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                x = left + getIndentAdjust(line, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
            } else {
                x = right + getIndentAdjust(line, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
            }
        } else {
            TabStops tabStops = null;
            if (mSpannedText && getLineContainsTab(line)) {
                Spanned spanned = (Spanned) mText;
                int start = getLineStart(line);
                int spanEnd = spanned.nextSpanTransition(start, spanned.length(),
                        TabStopSpan.class);
                TabStopSpan[] tabSpans = getParagraphSpans(spanned, start, spanEnd,
                        TabStopSpan.class);
                if (tabSpans.length > 0) {
                    tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, tabSpans);
                }
            }
            int max = (int)getLineExtent(line, tabStops, false);
            if (align == Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE) {
                if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                    x = right - max + getIndentAdjust(line, Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT);
                } else {
                    // max is negative here
                    x = left - max + getIndentAdjust(line, Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT);
                }
            } else { // Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER
                max = max & ~1;
                x = (left + right - max) >> 1 + getIndentAdjust(line, Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER);
            }
        }
        return x;
    }

    /**
     * Return the text that is displayed by this Layout.
     */
    public final CharSequence getText() {
        return mText;
    }

    /**
     * Return the base Paint properties for this layout.
     * Do NOT change the paint, which may result in funny
     * drawing for this layout.
     */
    public final TextPaint getPaint() {
        return mPaint;
    }

    /**
     * Return the width of this layout.
     */
    public final int getWidth() {
        return mWidth;
    }

    /**
     * Return the width to which this Layout is ellipsizing, or
     * {@link #getWidth} if it is not doing anything special.
     */
    public int getEllipsizedWidth() {
        return mWidth;
    }

    /**
     * Increase the width of this layout to the specified width.
     * Be careful to use this only when you know it is appropriate&mdash;
     * it does not cause the text to reflow to use the full new width.
     */
    public final void increaseWidthTo(int wid) {
        if (wid < mWidth) {
            throw new RuntimeException("attempted to reduce Layout width");
        }

        mWidth = wid;
    }

    /**
     * Return the total height of this layout.
     */
    public int getHeight() {
        return getLineTop(getLineCount());
    }

    /**
     * Return the total height of this layout.
     *
     * @param cap if true and max lines is set, returns the height of the layout at the max lines.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public int getHeight(boolean cap) {
        return getHeight();
    }

    /**
     * Return the base alignment of this layout.
     */
    public final Alignment getAlignment() {
        return mAlignment;
    }

    /**
     * Return what the text height is multiplied by to get the line height.
     */
    public final float getSpacingMultiplier() {
        return mSpacingMult;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of units of leading that are added to each line.
     */
    public final float getSpacingAdd() {
        return mSpacingAdd;
    }

    /**
     * Return the heuristic used to determine paragraph text direction.
     * @hide
     */
    public final TextDirectionHeuristic getTextDirectionHeuristic() {
        return mTextDir;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of lines of text in this layout.
     */
    public abstract int getLineCount();

    /**
     * Return the baseline for the specified line (0&hellip;getLineCount() - 1)
     * If bounds is not null, return the top, left, right, bottom extents
     * of the specified line in it.
     * @param line which line to examine (0..getLineCount() - 1)
     * @param bounds Optional. If not null, it returns the extent of the line
     * @return the Y-coordinate of the baseline
     */
    public int getLineBounds(int line, Rect bounds) {
        if (bounds != null) {
            bounds.left = 0;     // ???
            bounds.top = getLineTop(line);
            bounds.right = mWidth;   // ???
            bounds.bottom = getLineTop(line + 1);
        }
        return getLineBaseline(line);
    }

    /**
     * Return the vertical position of the top of the specified line
     * (0&hellip;getLineCount()).
     * If the specified line is equal to the line count, returns the
     * bottom of the last line.
     */
    public abstract int getLineTop(int line);

    /**
     * Return the descent of the specified line(0&hellip;getLineCount() - 1).
     */
    public abstract int getLineDescent(int line);

    /**
     * Return the text offset of the beginning of the specified line (
     * 0&hellip;getLineCount()). If the specified line is equal to the line
     * count, returns the length of the text.
     */
    public abstract int getLineStart(int line);

    /**
     * Returns the primary directionality of the paragraph containing the
     * specified line, either 1 for left-to-right lines, or -1 for right-to-left
     * lines (see {@link #DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT}, {@link #DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT}).
     */
    public abstract int getParagraphDirection(int line);

    /**
     * Returns whether the specified line contains one or more
     * characters that need to be handled specially, like tabs.
     */
    public abstract boolean getLineContainsTab(int line);

    /**
     * Returns the directional run information for the specified line.
     * The array alternates counts of characters in left-to-right
     * and right-to-left segments of the line.
     *
     * <p>NOTE: this is inadequate to support bidirectional text, and will change.
     */
    public abstract Directions getLineDirections(int line);

    /**
     * Returns the (negative) number of extra pixels of ascent padding in the
     * top line of the Layout.
     */
    public abstract int getTopPadding();

    /**
     * Returns the number of extra pixels of descent padding in the
     * bottom line of the Layout.
     */
    public abstract int getBottomPadding();

    /**
     * Returns the start hyphen edit for a line.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public @Paint.StartHyphenEdit int getStartHyphenEdit(int line) {
        return Paint.START_HYPHEN_EDIT_NO_EDIT;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the end hyphen edit for a line.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public @Paint.EndHyphenEdit int getEndHyphenEdit(int line) {
        return Paint.END_HYPHEN_EDIT_NO_EDIT;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the left indent for a line.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public int getIndentAdjust(int line, Alignment alignment) {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the fallback line space is enabled in this Layout.
     *
     * @return true if the fallback line space is enabled. Otherwise returns false.
     */
    public boolean isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the character at offset and the preceding character
     * are at different run levels (and thus there's a split caret).
     * @param offset the offset
     * @return true if at a level boundary
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public boolean isLevelBoundary(int offset) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(offset);
        Directions dirs = getLineDirections(line);
        if (dirs == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT || dirs == DIRS_ALL_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
            return false;
        }

        int[] runs = dirs.mDirections;
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        if (offset == lineStart || offset == lineEnd) {
            int paraLevel = getParagraphDirection(line) == 1 ? 0 : 1;
            int runIndex = offset == lineStart ? 0 : runs.length - 2;
            return ((runs[runIndex + 1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK) != paraLevel;
        }

        offset -= lineStart;
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            if (offset == runs[i]) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the character at offset is right to left (RTL).
     * @param offset the offset
     * @return true if the character is RTL, false if it is LTR
     */
    public boolean isRtlCharAt(int offset) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(offset);
        Directions dirs = getLineDirections(line);
        if (dirs == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
            return false;
        }
        if (dirs == DIRS_ALL_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
            return  true;
        }
        int[] runs = dirs.mDirections;
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            int start = lineStart + runs[i];
            int limit = start + (runs[i+1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
            if (offset >= start && offset < limit) {
                int level = (runs[i+1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK;
                return ((level & 1) != 0);
            }
        }
        // Should happen only if the offset is "out of bounds"
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the range of the run that the character at offset belongs to.
     * @param offset the offset
     * @return The range of the run
     * @hide
     */
    public long getRunRange(int offset) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(offset);
        Directions dirs = getLineDirections(line);
        if (dirs == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT || dirs == DIRS_ALL_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
            return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(0, getLineEnd(line));
        }
        int[] runs = dirs.mDirections;
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            int start = lineStart + runs[i];
            int limit = start + (runs[i+1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
            if (offset >= start && offset < limit) {
                return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(start, limit);
            }
        }
        // Should happen only if the offset is "out of bounds"
        return TextUtils.packRangeInLong(0, getLineEnd(line));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the trailing BiDi level should be used for an offset
     *
     * This method is useful when the offset is at the BiDi level transition point and determine
     * which run need to be used. For example, let's think about following input: (L* denotes
     * Left-to-Right characters, R* denotes Right-to-Left characters.)
     * Input (Logical Order): L1 L2 L3 R1 R2 R3 L4 L5 L6
     * Input (Display Order): L1 L2 L3 R3 R2 R1 L4 L5 L6
     *
     * Then, think about selecting the range (3, 6). The offset=3 and offset=6 are ambiguous here
     * since they are at the BiDi transition point.  In Android, the offset is considered to be
     * associated with the trailing run if the BiDi level of the trailing run is higher than of the
     * previous run.  In this case, the BiDi level of the input text is as follows:
     *
     * Input (Logical Order): L1 L2 L3 R1 R2 R3 L4 L5 L6
     *              BiDi Run: [ Run 0 ][ Run 1 ][ Run 2 ]
     *            BiDi Level:  0  0  0  1  1  1  0  0  0
     *
     * Thus, offset = 3 is part of Run 1 and this method returns true for offset = 3, since the BiDi
     * level of Run 1 is higher than the level of Run 0.  Similarly, the offset = 6 is a part of Run
     * 1 and this method returns false for the offset = 6 since the BiDi level of Run 1 is higher
     * than the level of Run 2.
     *
     * @returns true if offset is at the BiDi level transition point and trailing BiDi level is
     *          higher than previous BiDi level. See above for the detail.
     * @hide
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean primaryIsTrailingPrevious(int offset) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(offset);
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        int[] runs = getLineDirections(line).mDirections;

        int levelAt = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            int start = lineStart + runs[i];
            int limit = start + (runs[i+1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
            if (limit > lineEnd) {
                limit = lineEnd;
            }
            if (offset >= start && offset < limit) {
                if (offset > start) {
                    // Previous character is at same level, so don't use trailing.
                    return false;
                }
                levelAt = (runs[i+1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (levelAt == -1) {
            // Offset was limit of line.
            levelAt = getParagraphDirection(line) == 1 ? 0 : 1;
        }

        // At level boundary, check previous level.
        int levelBefore = -1;
        if (offset == lineStart) {
            levelBefore = getParagraphDirection(line) == 1 ? 0 : 1;
        } else {
            offset -= 1;
            for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
                int start = lineStart + runs[i];
                int limit = start + (runs[i+1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
                if (limit > lineEnd) {
                    limit = lineEnd;
                }
                if (offset >= start && offset < limit) {
                    levelBefore = (runs[i+1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return levelBefore < levelAt;
    }

    /**
     * Computes in linear time the results of calling
     * #primaryIsTrailingPrevious for all offsets on a line.
     * @param line The line giving the offsets we compute the information for
     * @return The array of results, indexed from 0, where 0 corresponds to the line start offset
     * @hide
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean[] primaryIsTrailingPreviousAllLineOffsets(int line) {
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        int[] runs = getLineDirections(line).mDirections;

        boolean[] trailing = new boolean[lineEnd - lineStart + 1];

        byte[] level = new byte[lineEnd - lineStart + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            int start = lineStart + runs[i];
            int limit = start + (runs[i + 1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
            if (limit > lineEnd) {
                limit = lineEnd;
            }
            if (limit == start) {
                continue;
            }
            level[limit - lineStart - 1] =
                    (byte) ((runs[i + 1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i += 2) {
            int start = lineStart + runs[i];
            byte currentLevel = (byte) ((runs[i + 1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK);
            trailing[start - lineStart] = currentLevel > (start == lineStart
                    ? (getParagraphDirection(line) == 1 ? 0 : 1)
                    : level[start - lineStart - 1]);
        }

        return trailing;
    }

    /**
     * Get the primary horizontal position for the specified text offset.
     * This is the location where a new character would be inserted in
     * the paragraph's primary direction.
     */
    public float getPrimaryHorizontal(int offset) {
        return getPrimaryHorizontal(offset, false /* not clamped */);
    }

    /**
     * Get the primary horizontal position for the specified text offset, but
     * optionally clamp it so that it doesn't exceed the width of the layout.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public float getPrimaryHorizontal(int offset, boolean clamped) {
        boolean trailing = primaryIsTrailingPrevious(offset);
        return getHorizontal(offset, trailing, clamped);
    }

    /**
     * Get the secondary horizontal position for the specified text offset.
     * This is the location where a new character would be inserted in
     * the direction other than the paragraph's primary direction.
     */
    public float getSecondaryHorizontal(int offset) {
        return getSecondaryHorizontal(offset, false /* not clamped */);
    }

    /**
     * Get the secondary horizontal position for the specified text offset, but
     * optionally clamp it so that it doesn't exceed the width of the layout.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public float getSecondaryHorizontal(int offset, boolean clamped) {
        boolean trailing = primaryIsTrailingPrevious(offset);
        return getHorizontal(offset, !trailing, clamped);
    }

    private float getHorizontal(int offset, boolean primary) {
        return primary ? getPrimaryHorizontal(offset) : getSecondaryHorizontal(offset);
    }

    private float getHorizontal(int offset, boolean trailing, boolean clamped) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(offset);

        return getHorizontal(offset, trailing, line, clamped);
    }

    private float getHorizontal(int offset, boolean trailing, int line, boolean clamped) {
        int start = getLineStart(line);
        int end = getLineEnd(line);
        int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        boolean hasTab = getLineContainsTab(line);
        Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);

        TabStops tabStops = null;
        if (hasTab && mText instanceof Spanned) {
            // Just checking this line should be good enough, tabs should be
            // consistent across all lines in a paragraph.
            TabStopSpan[] tabs = getParagraphSpans((Spanned) mText, start, end, TabStopSpan.class);
            if (tabs.length > 0) {
                tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, tabs); // XXX should reuse
            }
        }

        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        tl.set(mPaint, mText, start, end, dir, directions, hasTab, tabStops,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        float wid = tl.measure(offset - start, trailing, null);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);

        if (clamped && wid > mWidth) {
            wid = mWidth;
        }
        int left = getParagraphLeft(line);
        int right = getParagraphRight(line);

        return getLineStartPos(line, left, right) + wid;
    }

    /**
     * Computes in linear time the results of calling #getHorizontal for all offsets on a line.
     *
     * @param line The line giving the offsets we compute information for
     * @param clamped Whether to clamp the results to the width of the layout
     * @param primary Whether the results should be the primary or the secondary horizontal
     * @return The array of results, indexed from 0, where 0 corresponds to the line start offset
     */
    private float[] getLineHorizontals(int line, boolean clamped, boolean primary) {
        int start = getLineStart(line);
        int end = getLineEnd(line);
        int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        boolean hasTab = getLineContainsTab(line);
        Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);

        TabStops tabStops = null;
        if (hasTab && mText instanceof Spanned) {
            // Just checking this line should be good enough, tabs should be
            // consistent across all lines in a paragraph.
            TabStopSpan[] tabs = getParagraphSpans((Spanned) mText, start, end, TabStopSpan.class);
            if (tabs.length > 0) {
                tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, tabs); // XXX should reuse
            }
        }

        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        tl.set(mPaint, mText, start, end, dir, directions, hasTab, tabStops,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        boolean[] trailings = primaryIsTrailingPreviousAllLineOffsets(line);
        if (!primary) {
            for (int offset = 0; offset < trailings.length; ++offset) {
                trailings[offset] = !trailings[offset];
            }
        }
        float[] wid = tl.measureAllOffsets(trailings, null);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);

        if (clamped) {
            for (int offset = 0; offset < wid.length; ++offset) {
                if (wid[offset] > mWidth) {
                    wid[offset] = mWidth;
                }
            }
        }
        int left = getParagraphLeft(line);
        int right = getParagraphRight(line);

        int lineStartPos = getLineStartPos(line, left, right);
        float[] horizontal = new float[end - start + 1];
        for (int offset = 0; offset < horizontal.length; ++offset) {
            horizontal[offset] = lineStartPos + wid[offset];
        }
        return horizontal;
    }

    private void fillHorizontalBoundsForLine(int line, float[] horizontalBounds) {
        final int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        final int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        final int lineLength = lineEnd - lineStart;

        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        final Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);

        final boolean hasTab = getLineContainsTab(line);
        TabStops tabStops = null;
        if (hasTab && mText instanceof Spanned) {
            // Just checking this line should be good enough, tabs should be
            // consistent across all lines in a paragraph.
            TabStopSpan[] tabs =
                    getParagraphSpans((Spanned) mText, lineStart, lineEnd, TabStopSpan.class);
            if (tabs.length > 0) {
                tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, tabs); // XXX should reuse
            }
        }

        final TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        tl.set(mPaint, mText, lineStart, lineEnd, dir, directions, hasTab, tabStops,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        if (horizontalBounds == null || horizontalBounds.length < 2 * lineLength) {
            horizontalBounds = new float[2 * lineLength];
        }

        tl.measureAllBounds(horizontalBounds, null);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);
    }

    /**
     * Return the characters' bounds in the given range. The {@code bounds} array will be filled
     * starting from {@code boundsStart} (inclusive). The coordinates are in local text layout.
     *
     * @param start the start index to compute the character bounds, inclusive.
     * @param end the end index to compute the character bounds, exclusive.
     * @param bounds the array to fill in the character bounds. The array is divided into segments
     *               of four where each index in that segment represents left, top, right and
     *               bottom of the character.
     * @param boundsStart the inclusive start index in the array to start filling in the values
     *                    from.
     *
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the range defined by {@code start} and {@code end}
     * exceeds the range of the text, or {@code bounds} doesn't have enough space to store the
     * result.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bounds} is null.
     */
    public void fillCharacterBounds(@IntRange(from = 0) int start, @IntRange(from = 0) int end,
            @NonNull float[] bounds, @IntRange(from = 0) int boundsStart) {
        if (start < 0 || end < start || end > mText.length()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("given range: " + start + ", " + end + " is "
                    + "out of the text range: 0, " + mText.length());
        }

        if (bounds == null) {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("bounds can't be null.");
        }

        final int neededLength = 4 * (end - start);
        if (neededLength > bounds.length - boundsStart) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("bounds doesn't have enough space to store the "
                    + "result, needed: " + neededLength + " had: "
                    + (bounds.length - boundsStart));
        }

        if (start == end) {
            return;
        }

        final int startLine = getLineForOffset(start);
        final int endLine = getLineForOffset(end - 1);
        float[] horizontalBounds = null;
        for (int line = startLine; line <= endLine; ++line) {
            final int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
            final int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
            final int lineLength = lineEnd - lineStart;
            if (horizontalBounds == null || horizontalBounds.length < 2 * lineLength) {
                horizontalBounds = new float[2 * lineLength];
            }
            fillHorizontalBoundsForLine(line, horizontalBounds);

            final int lineLeft = getParagraphLeft(line);
            final int lineRight = getParagraphRight(line);
            final int lineStartPos = getLineStartPos(line, lineLeft, lineRight);

            final int lineTop = getLineTop(line);
            final int lineBottom = getLineBottom(line);

            final int startIndex = Math.max(start, lineStart);
            final int endIndex = Math.min(end, lineEnd);
            for (int index = startIndex; index < endIndex; ++index) {
                final int offset = index - lineStart;
                final float left = horizontalBounds[offset * 2] + lineStartPos;
                final float right = horizontalBounds[offset * 2 + 1] + lineStartPos;

                final int boundsIndex = boundsStart + 4 * (index - start);
                bounds[boundsIndex] = left;
                bounds[boundsIndex + 1] = lineTop;
                bounds[boundsIndex + 2] = right;
                bounds[boundsIndex + 3] = lineBottom;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the leftmost position that should be exposed for horizontal
     * scrolling on the specified line.
     */
    public float getLineLeft(int line) {
        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        Alignment align = getParagraphAlignment(line);
        // Before Q, StaticLayout.Builder.setAlignment didn't check whether the input alignment
        // is null. And when it is null, the old behavior is the same as ALIGN_CENTER.
        // To keep consistency, we convert a null alignment to ALIGN_CENTER.
        if (align == null) {
            align = Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER;
        }

        // First convert combinations of alignment and direction settings to
        // three basic cases: ALIGN_LEFT, ALIGN_RIGHT and ALIGN_CENTER.
        // For unexpected cases, it will fallback to ALIGN_LEFT.
        final Alignment resultAlign;
        switch(align) {
            case ALIGN_NORMAL:
                resultAlign =
                        dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT ? Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT : Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT;
                break;
            case ALIGN_OPPOSITE:
                resultAlign =
                        dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT ? Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT : Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT;
                break;
            case ALIGN_CENTER:
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER;
                break;
            case ALIGN_RIGHT:
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT;
                break;
            default: /* align == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT */
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT;
        }

        // Here we must use getLineMax() to do the computation, because it maybe overridden by
        // derived class. And also note that line max equals the width of the text in that line
        // plus the leading margin.
        switch (resultAlign) {
            case ALIGN_CENTER:
                final int left = getParagraphLeft(line);
                final float max = getLineMax(line);
                // This computation only works when mWidth equals leadingMargin plus
                // the width of text in this line. If this condition doesn't meet anymore,
                // please change here too.
                return (float) Math.floor(left + (mWidth - max) / 2);
            case ALIGN_RIGHT:
                return mWidth - getLineMax(line);
            default: /* resultAlign == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT */
                return 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the rightmost position that should be exposed for horizontal
     * scrolling on the specified line.
     */
    public float getLineRight(int line) {
        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        Alignment align = getParagraphAlignment(line);
        // Before Q, StaticLayout.Builder.setAlignment didn't check whether the input alignment
        // is null. And when it is null, the old behavior is the same as ALIGN_CENTER.
        // To keep consistency, we convert a null alignment to ALIGN_CENTER.
        if (align == null) {
            align = Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER;
        }

        final Alignment resultAlign;
        switch(align) {
            case ALIGN_NORMAL:
                resultAlign =
                        dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT ? Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT : Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT;
                break;
            case ALIGN_OPPOSITE:
                resultAlign =
                        dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT ? Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT : Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT;
                break;
            case ALIGN_CENTER:
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER;
                break;
            case ALIGN_RIGHT:
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_RIGHT;
                break;
            default: /* align == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT */
                resultAlign = Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT;
        }

        switch (resultAlign) {
            case ALIGN_CENTER:
                final int right = getParagraphRight(line);
                final float max = getLineMax(line);
                // This computation only works when mWidth equals leadingMargin plus width of the
                // text in this line. If this condition doesn't meet anymore, please change here.
                return (float) Math.ceil(right - (mWidth - max) / 2);
            case ALIGN_RIGHT:
                return mWidth;
            default: /* resultAlign == Alignment.ALIGN_LEFT */
                return getLineMax(line);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the unsigned horizontal extent of the specified line, including
     * leading margin indent, but excluding trailing whitespace.
     */
    public float getLineMax(int line) {
        float margin = getParagraphLeadingMargin(line);
        float signedExtent = getLineExtent(line, false);
        return margin + (signedExtent >= 0 ? signedExtent : -signedExtent);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the unsigned horizontal extent of the specified line, including
     * leading margin indent and trailing whitespace.
     */
    public float getLineWidth(int line) {
        float margin = getParagraphLeadingMargin(line);
        float signedExtent = getLineExtent(line, true);
        return margin + (signedExtent >= 0 ? signedExtent : -signedExtent);
    }

    /**
     * Like {@link #getLineExtent(int,TabStops,boolean)} but determines the
     * tab stops instead of using the ones passed in.
     * @param line the index of the line
     * @param full whether to include trailing whitespace
     * @return the extent of the line
     */
    private float getLineExtent(int line, boolean full) {
        final int start = getLineStart(line);
        final int end = full ? getLineEnd(line) : getLineVisibleEnd(line);

        final boolean hasTabs = getLineContainsTab(line);
        TabStops tabStops = null;
        if (hasTabs && mText instanceof Spanned) {
            // Just checking this line should be good enough, tabs should be
            // consistent across all lines in a paragraph.
            TabStopSpan[] tabs = getParagraphSpans((Spanned) mText, start, end, TabStopSpan.class);
            if (tabs.length > 0) {
                tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, tabs); // XXX should reuse
            }
        }
        final Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);
        // Returned directions can actually be null
        if (directions == null) {
            return 0f;
        }
        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);

        final TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        final TextPaint paint = mWorkPaint;
        paint.set(mPaint);
        paint.setStartHyphenEdit(getStartHyphenEdit(line));
        paint.setEndHyphenEdit(getEndHyphenEdit(line));
        tl.set(paint, mText, start, end, dir, directions, hasTabs, tabStops,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        if (isJustificationRequired(line)) {
            tl.justify(getJustifyWidth(line));
        }
        final float width = tl.metrics(null);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);
        return width;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the signed horizontal extent of the specified line, excluding
     * leading margin.  If full is false, excludes trailing whitespace.
     * @param line the index of the line
     * @param tabStops the tab stops, can be null if we know they're not used.
     * @param full whether to include trailing whitespace
     * @return the extent of the text on this line
     */
    private float getLineExtent(int line, TabStops tabStops, boolean full) {
        final int start = getLineStart(line);
        final int end = full ? getLineEnd(line) : getLineVisibleEnd(line);
        final boolean hasTabs = getLineContainsTab(line);
        final Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);
        final int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);

        final TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        final TextPaint paint = mWorkPaint;
        paint.set(mPaint);
        paint.setStartHyphenEdit(getStartHyphenEdit(line));
        paint.setEndHyphenEdit(getEndHyphenEdit(line));
        tl.set(paint, mText, start, end, dir, directions, hasTabs, tabStops,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        if (isJustificationRequired(line)) {
            tl.justify(getJustifyWidth(line));
        }
        final float width = tl.metrics(null);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);
        return width;
    }

    /**
     * Get the line number corresponding to the specified vertical position.
     * If you ask for a position above 0, you get 0; if you ask for a position
     * below the bottom of the text, you get the last line.
     */
    // FIXME: It may be faster to do a linear search for layouts without many lines.
    public int getLineForVertical(int vertical) {
        int high = getLineCount(), low = -1, guess;

        while (high - low > 1) {
            guess = (high + low) / 2;

            if (getLineTop(guess) > vertical)
                high = guess;
            else
                low = guess;
        }

        if (low < 0)
            return 0;
        else
            return low;
    }

    /**
     * Get the line number on which the specified text offset appears.
     * If you ask for a position before 0, you get 0; if you ask for a position
     * beyond the end of the text, you get the last line.
     */
    public int getLineForOffset(int offset) {
        int high = getLineCount(), low = -1, guess;

        while (high - low > 1) {
            guess = (high + low) / 2;

            if (getLineStart(guess) > offset)
                high = guess;
            else
                low = guess;
        }

        if (low < 0) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return low;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the character offset on the specified line whose position is
     * closest to the specified horizontal position.
     */
    public int getOffsetForHorizontal(int line, float horiz) {
        return getOffsetForHorizontal(line, horiz, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get the character offset on the specified line whose position is
     * closest to the specified horizontal position.
     *
     * @param line the line used to find the closest offset
     * @param horiz the horizontal position used to find the closest offset
     * @param primary whether to use the primary position or secondary position to find the offset
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public int getOffsetForHorizontal(int line, float horiz, boolean primary) {
        // TODO: use Paint.getOffsetForAdvance to avoid binary search
        final int lineEndOffset = getLineEnd(line);
        final int lineStartOffset = getLineStart(line);

        Directions dirs = getLineDirections(line);

        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        // XXX: we don't care about tabs as we just use TextLine#getOffsetToLeftRightOf here.
        tl.set(mPaint, mText, lineStartOffset, lineEndOffset, getParagraphDirection(line), dirs,
                false, null,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        final HorizontalMeasurementProvider horizontal =
                new HorizontalMeasurementProvider(line, primary);

        final int max;
        if (line == getLineCount() - 1) {
            max = lineEndOffset;
        } else {
            max = tl.getOffsetToLeftRightOf(lineEndOffset - lineStartOffset,
                    !isRtlCharAt(lineEndOffset - 1)) + lineStartOffset;
        }
        int best = lineStartOffset;
        float bestdist = Math.abs(horizontal.get(lineStartOffset) - horiz);

        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.mDirections.length; i += 2) {
            int here = lineStartOffset + dirs.mDirections[i];
            int there = here + (dirs.mDirections[i+1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);
            boolean isRtl = (dirs.mDirections[i+1] & RUN_RTL_FLAG) != 0;
            int swap = isRtl ? -1 : 1;

            if (there > max)
                there = max;
            int high = there - 1 + 1, low = here + 1 - 1, guess;

            while (high - low > 1) {
                guess = (high + low) / 2;
                int adguess = getOffsetAtStartOf(guess);

                if (horizontal.get(adguess) * swap >= horiz * swap) {
                    high = guess;
                } else {
                    low = guess;
                }
            }

            if (low < here + 1)
                low = here + 1;

            if (low < there) {
                int aft = tl.getOffsetToLeftRightOf(low - lineStartOffset, isRtl) + lineStartOffset;
                low = tl.getOffsetToLeftRightOf(aft - lineStartOffset, !isRtl) + lineStartOffset;
                if (low >= here && low < there) {
                    float dist = Math.abs(horizontal.get(low) - horiz);
                    if (aft < there) {
                        float other = Math.abs(horizontal.get(aft) - horiz);

                        if (other < dist) {
                            dist = other;
                            low = aft;
                        }
                    }

                    if (dist < bestdist) {
                        bestdist = dist;
                        best = low;
                    }
                }
            }

            float dist = Math.abs(horizontal.get(here) - horiz);

            if (dist < bestdist) {
                bestdist = dist;
                best = here;
            }
        }

        float dist = Math.abs(horizontal.get(max) - horiz);

        if (dist <= bestdist) {
            best = max;
        }

        TextLine.recycle(tl);
        return best;
    }

    /**
     * Responds to #getHorizontal queries, by selecting the better strategy between:
     * - calling #getHorizontal explicitly for each query
     * - precomputing all #getHorizontal measurements, and responding to any query in constant time
     * The first strategy is used for LTR-only text, while the second is used for all other cases.
     * The class is currently only used in #getOffsetForHorizontal, so reuse with care in other
     * contexts.
     */
    private class HorizontalMeasurementProvider {
        private final int mLine;
        private final boolean mPrimary;

        private float[] mHorizontals;
        private int mLineStartOffset;

        HorizontalMeasurementProvider(final int line, final boolean primary) {
            mLine = line;
            mPrimary = primary;
            init();
        }

        private void init() {
            final Directions dirs = getLineDirections(mLine);
            if (dirs == DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) {
                return;
            }

            mHorizontals = getLineHorizontals(mLine, false, mPrimary);
            mLineStartOffset = getLineStart(mLine);
        }

        float get(final int offset) {
            final int index = offset - mLineStartOffset;
            if (mHorizontals == null || index < 0 || index >= mHorizontals.length) {
                return getHorizontal(offset, mPrimary);
            } else {
                return mHorizontals[index];
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Finds the range of text which is inside the specified rectangle area. The start of the range
     * is the start of the first text segment inside the area, and the end of the range is the end
     * of the last text segment inside the area.
     *
     * <p>A text segment is considered to be inside the area according to the provided {@link
     * TextInclusionStrategy}. If a text segment spans multiple lines or multiple directional runs
     * (e.g. a hyphenated word), the text segment is divided into pieces at the line and run breaks,
     * then the text segment is considered to be inside the area if any of its pieces are inside the
     * area.
     *
     * <p>The returned range may also include text segments which are not inside the specified area,
     * if those text segments are in between text segments which are inside the area. For example,
     * the returned range may be "segment1 segment2 segment3" if "segment1" and "segment3" are
     * inside the area and "segment2" is not.
     *
     * @param area area for which the text range will be found
     * @param segmentFinder SegmentFinder for determining the ranges of text to be considered as a
     *     text segment
     * @param inclusionStrategy strategy for determining whether a text segment is inside the
     *     specified area
     * @return int array of size 2 containing the start (inclusive) and end (exclusive) character
     *     offsets of the text range, or null if there are no text segments inside the area
     */
    @Nullable
    public int[] getRangeForRect(@NonNull RectF area, @NonNull SegmentFinder segmentFinder,
            @NonNull TextInclusionStrategy inclusionStrategy) {
        // Find the first line whose bottom (without line spacing) is below the top of the area.
        int startLine = getLineForVertical((int) area.top);
        if (area.top > getLineBottom(startLine, /* includeLineSpacing= */ false)) {
            startLine++;
            if (startLine >= getLineCount()) {
                // The entire area is below the last line, so it does not contain any text.
                return null;
            }
        }

        // Find the last line whose top is above the bottom of the area.
        int endLine = getLineForVertical((int) area.bottom);
        if (endLine == 0 && area.bottom < getLineTop(0)) {
            // The entire area is above the first line, so it does not contain any text.
            return null;
        }
        if (endLine < startLine) {
            // The entire area is between two lines, so it does not contain any text.
            return null;
        }

        int start = getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine(
                startLine, area, segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy, /* getStart= */ true);
        // If the area does not contain any text on this line, keep trying subsequent lines until
        // the end line is reached.
        while (start == -1 && startLine < endLine) {
            startLine++;
            start = getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine(
                    startLine, area, segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy, /* getStart= */ true);
        }
        if (start == -1) {
            // All lines were checked, the area does not contain any text.
            return null;
        }

        int end = getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine(
                endLine, area, segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy, /* getStart= */ false);
        // If the area does not contain any text on this line, keep trying previous lines until
        // the start line is reached.
        while (end == -1 && startLine < endLine) {
            endLine--;
            end = getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine(
                    endLine, area, segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy, /* getStart= */ false);
        }
        if (end == -1) {
            // All lines were checked, the area does not contain any text.
            return null;
        }

        // If a text segment spans multiple lines or multiple directional runs (e.g. a hyphenated
        // word), then getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine() can return an offset in the middle of
        // a text segment. Adjust the range to include the rest of any partial text segments. If
        // start is already the start boundary of a text segment, then this is a no-op.
        start = segmentFinder.previousStartBoundary(start + 1);
        end = segmentFinder.nextEndBoundary(end - 1);

        return new int[] {start, end};
    }

    /**
     * Finds the start character offset of the first text segment within a line inside the specified
     * rectangle area, or the end character offset of the last text segment inside the area.
     *
     * @param line index of the line to search
     * @param area area inside which text segments will be found
     * @param segmentFinder SegmentFinder for determining the ranges of text to be considered as a
     *     text segment
     * @param inclusionStrategy strategy for determining whether a text segment is inside the
     *     specified area
     * @param getStart true to find the start of the first text segment inside the area, false to
     *     find the end of the last text segment
     * @return the start character offset of the first text segment inside the area, or the end
     *     character offset of the last text segment inside the area.
     */
    private int getStartOrEndOffsetForAreaWithinLine(
            @IntRange(from = 0) int line,
            @NonNull RectF area,
            @NonNull SegmentFinder segmentFinder,
            @NonNull TextInclusionStrategy inclusionStrategy,
            boolean getStart) {
        int lineTop = getLineTop(line);
        int lineBottom = getLineBottom(line, /* includeLineSpacing= */ false);

        int lineStartOffset = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEndOffset = getLineEnd(line);
        if (lineStartOffset == lineEndOffset) {
            return -1;
        }

        float[] horizontalBounds = new float[2 * (lineEndOffset - lineStartOffset)];
        fillHorizontalBoundsForLine(line, horizontalBounds);

        int lineStartPos = getLineStartPos(line, getParagraphLeft(line), getParagraphRight(line));

        // Loop through the runs forwards or backwards depending on getStart value.
        Layout.Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);
        int runIndex = getStart ? 0 : directions.getRunCount() - 1;
        while ((getStart && runIndex < directions.getRunCount()) || (!getStart && runIndex >= 0)) {
            // runStartOffset and runEndOffset are offset indices within the line.
            int runStartOffset = directions.getRunStart(runIndex);
            int runEndOffset = Math.min(
                    runStartOffset + directions.getRunLength(runIndex),
                    lineEndOffset - lineStartOffset);
            boolean isRtl = directions.isRunRtl(runIndex);
            float runLeft = lineStartPos
                    + (isRtl
                            ? horizontalBounds[2 * (runEndOffset - 1)]
                            : horizontalBounds[2 * runStartOffset]);
            float runRight = lineStartPos
                    + (isRtl
                            ? horizontalBounds[2 * runStartOffset + 1]
                            : horizontalBounds[2 * (runEndOffset - 1) + 1]);

            int result =
                    getStart
                            ? getStartOffsetForAreaWithinRun(
                                    area, lineTop, lineBottom,
                                    lineStartOffset, lineStartPos, horizontalBounds,
                                    runStartOffset, runEndOffset, runLeft, runRight, isRtl,
                                    segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy)
                            : getEndOffsetForAreaWithinRun(
                                    area, lineTop, lineBottom,
                                    lineStartOffset, lineStartPos, horizontalBounds,
                                    runStartOffset, runEndOffset, runLeft, runRight, isRtl,
                                    segmentFinder, inclusionStrategy);
            if (result >= 0) {
                return result;
            }

            runIndex += getStart ? 1 : -1;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Finds the start character offset of the first text segment within a directional run inside
     * the specified rectangle area.
     *
     * @param area area inside which text segments will be found
     * @param lineTop top of the line containing this run
     * @param lineBottom bottom (not including line spacing) of the line containing this run
     * @param lineStartOffset start character offset of the line containing this run
     * @param lineStartPos start position of the line containing this run
     * @param horizontalBounds array containing the signed horizontal bounds of the characters in
     *     the line. The left and right bounds of the character at offset i are stored at index (2 *
     *     i) and index (2 * i + 1). Bounds are relative to {@code lineStartPos}.
     * @param runStartOffset start offset of the run relative to {@code lineStartOffset}
     * @param runEndOffset end offset of the run relative to {@code lineStartOffset}
     * @param runLeft left bound of the run
     * @param runRight right bound of the run
     * @param isRtl whether the run is right-to-left
     * @param segmentFinder SegmentFinder for determining the ranges of text to be considered as a
     *     text segment
     * @param inclusionStrategy strategy for determining whether a text segment is inside the
     *     specified area
     * @return the start character offset of the first text segment inside the area
     */
    private static int getStartOffsetForAreaWithinRun(
            @NonNull RectF area,
            int lineTop, int lineBottom,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int lineStartOffset,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int lineStartPos,
            @NonNull float[] horizontalBounds,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int runStartOffset, @IntRange(from = 0) int runEndOffset,
            float runLeft, float runRight,
            boolean isRtl,
            @NonNull SegmentFinder segmentFinder,
            @NonNull TextInclusionStrategy inclusionStrategy) {
        if (runRight < area.left || runLeft > area.right) {
            // The run does not overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }

        // Find the first character in the run whose bounds overlap with the area.
        // firstCharOffset is an offset index within the line.
        int firstCharOffset;
        if ((!isRtl && area.left <= runLeft) || (isRtl && area.right >= runRight)) {
            firstCharOffset = runStartOffset;
        } else {
            int low = runStartOffset;
            int high = runEndOffset;
            int guess;
            while (high - low > 1) {
                guess = (high + low) / 2;
                // Left edge of the character at guess
                float pos = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[2 * guess];
                if ((!isRtl && pos > area.left) || (isRtl && pos < area.right)) {
                    high = guess;
                } else {
                    low = guess;
                }
            }
            // The area edge is between the left edge of the character at low and the left edge of
            // the character at high. For LTR text, this is within the character at low. For RTL
            // text, this is within the character at high.
            firstCharOffset = isRtl ? high : low;
        }

        // Find the first text segment containing this character (or, if no text segment contains
        // this character, the first text segment after this character). All previous text segments
        // in this run are to the left (for LTR) of the area.
        int segmentEndOffset =
                segmentFinder.nextEndBoundary(lineStartOffset + firstCharOffset);
        if (segmentEndOffset == SegmentFinder.DONE) {
            // There are no text segments containing or after firstCharOffset, so no text segments
            // in this run overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }
        int segmentStartOffset = segmentFinder.previousStartBoundary(segmentEndOffset);
        if (segmentStartOffset >= lineStartOffset + runEndOffset) {
            // The text segment is after the end of this run, so no text segments in this run
            // overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }
        // If the segment extends outside of this run, only consider the piece of the segment within
        // this run.
        segmentStartOffset = Math.max(segmentStartOffset, lineStartOffset + runStartOffset);
        segmentEndOffset = Math.min(segmentEndOffset, lineStartOffset + runEndOffset);

        RectF segmentBounds = new RectF(0, lineTop, 0, lineBottom);
        while (true) {
            // Start (left for LTR, right for RTL) edge of the character at segmentStartOffset.
            float segmentStart = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[
                    2 * (segmentStartOffset - lineStartOffset) + (isRtl ? 1 : 0)];
            if ((!isRtl && segmentStart > area.right) || (isRtl && segmentStart < area.left)) {
                // The entire area is to the left (for LTR) of the text segment. So the area does
                // not contain any text segments within this run.
                return -1;
            }
            // End (right for LTR, left for RTL) edge of the character at (segmentStartOffset - 1).
            float segmentEnd = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[
                    2 * (segmentEndOffset - lineStartOffset - 1) + (isRtl ? 0 : 1)];
            segmentBounds.left = isRtl ? segmentEnd : segmentStart;
            segmentBounds.right = isRtl ? segmentStart : segmentEnd;
            if (inclusionStrategy.isSegmentInside(segmentBounds, area)) {
                return segmentStartOffset;
            }
            // Try the next text segment.
            segmentStartOffset = segmentFinder.nextStartBoundary(segmentStartOffset);
            if (segmentStartOffset == SegmentFinder.DONE
                    || segmentStartOffset >= lineStartOffset + runEndOffset) {
                // No more text segments within this run.
                return -1;
            }
            segmentEndOffset = segmentFinder.nextEndBoundary(segmentStartOffset);
            // If the segment extends past the end of this run, only consider the piece of the
            // segment within this run.
            segmentEndOffset = Math.min(segmentEndOffset, lineStartOffset + runEndOffset);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Finds the end character offset of the last text segment within a directional run inside the
     * specified rectangle area.
     *
     * @param area area inside which text segments will be found
     * @param lineTop top of the line containing this run
     * @param lineBottom bottom (not including line spacing) of the line containing this run
     * @param lineStartOffset start character offset of the line containing this run
     * @param lineStartPos start position of the line containing this run
     * @param horizontalBounds array containing the signed horizontal bounds of the characters in
     *     the line. The left and right bounds of the character at offset i are stored at index (2 *
     *     i) and index (2 * i + 1). Bounds are relative to {@code lineStartPos}.
     * @param runStartOffset start offset of the run relative to {@code lineStartOffset}
     * @param runEndOffset end offset of the run relative to {@code lineStartOffset}
     * @param runLeft left bound of the run
     * @param runRight right bound of the run
     * @param isRtl whether the run is right-to-left
     * @param segmentFinder SegmentFinder for determining the ranges of text to be considered as a
     *     text segment
     * @param inclusionStrategy strategy for determining whether a text segment is inside the
     *     specified area
     * @return the end character offset of the last text segment inside the area
     */
    private static int getEndOffsetForAreaWithinRun(
            @NonNull RectF area,
            int lineTop, int lineBottom,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int lineStartOffset,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int lineStartPos,
            @NonNull float[] horizontalBounds,
            @IntRange(from = 0) int runStartOffset, @IntRange(from = 0) int runEndOffset,
            float runLeft, float runRight,
            boolean isRtl,
            @NonNull SegmentFinder segmentFinder,
            @NonNull TextInclusionStrategy inclusionStrategy) {
        if (runRight < area.left || runLeft > area.right) {
            // The run does not overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }

        // Find the last character in the run whose bounds overlap with the area.
        // firstCharOffset is an offset index within the line.
        int lastCharOffset;
        if ((!isRtl && area.right >= runRight) || (isRtl && area.left <= runLeft)) {
            lastCharOffset = runEndOffset - 1;
        } else {
            int low = runStartOffset;
            int high = runEndOffset;
            int guess;
            while (high - low > 1) {
                guess = (high + low) / 2;
                // Left edge of the character at guess
                float pos = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[2 * guess];
                if ((!isRtl && pos > area.right) || (isRtl && pos < area.left)) {
                    high = guess;
                } else {
                    low = guess;
                }
            }
            // The area edge is between the left edge of the character at low and the left edge of
            // the character at high. For LTR text, this is within the character at low. For RTL
            // text, this is within the character at high.
            lastCharOffset = isRtl ? high : low;
        }

        // Find the last text segment containing this character (or, if no text segment contains
        // this character, the first text segment before this character). All following text
        // segments in this run are to the right (for LTR) of the area.
        // + 1 to allow segmentStartOffset = lineStartOffset + lastCharOffset
        int segmentStartOffset =
                segmentFinder.previousStartBoundary(lineStartOffset + lastCharOffset + 1);
        if (segmentStartOffset == SegmentFinder.DONE) {
            // There are no text segments containing or before lastCharOffset, so no text segments
            // in this run overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }
        int segmentEndOffset = segmentFinder.nextEndBoundary(segmentStartOffset);
        if (segmentEndOffset <= lineStartOffset + runStartOffset) {
            // The text segment is before the start of this run, so no text segments in this run
            // overlap the area.
            return -1;
        }
        // If the segment extends outside of this run, only consider the piece of the segment within
        // this run.
        segmentStartOffset = Math.max(segmentStartOffset, lineStartOffset + runStartOffset);
        segmentEndOffset = Math.min(segmentEndOffset, lineStartOffset + runEndOffset);

        RectF segmentBounds = new RectF(0, lineTop, 0, lineBottom);
        while (true) {
            // End (right for LTR, left for RTL) edge of the character at (segmentStartOffset - 1).
            float segmentEnd = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[
                    2 * (segmentEndOffset - lineStartOffset - 1) + (isRtl ? 0 : 1)];
            if ((!isRtl && segmentEnd < area.left) || (isRtl && segmentEnd > area.right)) {
                // The entire area is to the right (for LTR) of the text segment. So the
                // area does not contain any text segments within this run.
                return -1;
            }
            // Start (left for LTR, right for RTL) edge of the character at segmentStartOffset.
            float segmentStart = lineStartPos + horizontalBounds[
                    2 * (segmentStartOffset - lineStartOffset) + (isRtl ? 1 : 0)];
            segmentBounds.left = isRtl ? segmentEnd : segmentStart;
            segmentBounds.right = isRtl ? segmentStart : segmentEnd;
            if (inclusionStrategy.isSegmentInside(segmentBounds, area)) {
                return segmentEndOffset;
            }
            // Try the previous text segment.
            segmentEndOffset = segmentFinder.previousEndBoundary(segmentEndOffset);
            if (segmentEndOffset == SegmentFinder.DONE
                    || segmentEndOffset <= lineStartOffset + runStartOffset) {
                // No more text segments within this run.
                return -1;
            }
            segmentStartOffset = segmentFinder.previousStartBoundary(segmentEndOffset);
            // If the segment extends past the start of this run, only consider the piece of the
            // segment within this run.
            segmentStartOffset = Math.max(segmentStartOffset, lineStartOffset + runStartOffset);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the text offset after the last character on the specified line.
     */
    public final int getLineEnd(int line) {
        return getLineStart(line + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Return the text offset after the last visible character (so whitespace
     * is not counted) on the specified line.
     */
    public int getLineVisibleEnd(int line) {
        return getLineVisibleEnd(line, getLineStart(line), getLineStart(line+1));
    }

    private int getLineVisibleEnd(int line, int start, int end) {
        CharSequence text = mText;
        char ch;
        if (line == getLineCount() - 1) {
            return end;
        }

        for (; end > start; end--) {
            ch = text.charAt(end - 1);

            if (ch == '\n') {
                return end - 1;
            }

            if (!TextLine.isLineEndSpace(ch)) {
                break;
            }

        }

        return end;
    }

    /**
     * Return the vertical position of the bottom of the specified line.
     */
    public final int getLineBottom(int line) {
        return getLineBottom(line, /* includeLineSpacing= */ true);
    }

    /**
     * Return the vertical position of the bottom of the specified line.
     *
     * @param line index of the line
     * @param includeLineSpacing whether to include the line spacing
     */
    public int getLineBottom(int line, boolean includeLineSpacing) {
        if (includeLineSpacing) {
            return getLineTop(line + 1);
        } else {
            return getLineTop(line + 1) - getLineExtra(line);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the vertical position of the baseline of the specified line.
     */
    public final int getLineBaseline(int line) {
        // getLineTop(line+1) == getLineBottom(line)
        return getLineTop(line+1) - getLineDescent(line);
    }

    /**
     * Get the ascent of the text on the specified line.
     * The return value is negative to match the Paint.ascent() convention.
     */
    public final int getLineAscent(int line) {
        // getLineTop(line+1) - getLineDescent(line) == getLineBaseLine(line)
        return getLineTop(line) - (getLineTop(line+1) - getLineDescent(line));
    }

    /**
     * Return the extra space added as a result of line spacing attributes
     * {@link #getSpacingAdd()} and {@link #getSpacingMultiplier()}. Default value is {@code zero}.
     *
     * @param line the index of the line, the value should be equal or greater than {@code zero}
     * @hide
     */
    public int getLineExtra(@IntRange(from = 0) int line) {
        return 0;
    }

    public int getOffsetToLeftOf(int offset) {
        return getOffsetToLeftRightOf(offset, true);
    }

    public int getOffsetToRightOf(int offset) {
        return getOffsetToLeftRightOf(offset, false);
    }

    private int getOffsetToLeftRightOf(int caret, boolean toLeft) {
        int line = getLineForOffset(caret);
        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        int lineDir = getParagraphDirection(line);

        boolean lineChanged = false;
        boolean advance = toLeft == (lineDir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
        // if walking off line, look at the line we're headed to
        if (advance) {
            if (caret == lineEnd) {
                if (line < getLineCount() - 1) {
                    lineChanged = true;
                    ++line;
                } else {
                    return caret; // at very end, don't move
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (caret == lineStart) {
                if (line > 0) {
                    lineChanged = true;
                    --line;
                } else {
                    return caret; // at very start, don't move
                }
            }
        }

        if (lineChanged) {
            lineStart = getLineStart(line);
            lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
            int newDir = getParagraphDirection(line);
            if (newDir != lineDir) {
                // unusual case.  we want to walk onto the line, but it runs
                // in a different direction than this one, so we fake movement
                // in the opposite direction.
                toLeft = !toLeft;
                lineDir = newDir;
            }
        }

        Directions directions = getLineDirections(line);

        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        // XXX: we don't care about tabs
        tl.set(mPaint, mText, lineStart, lineEnd, lineDir, directions, false, null,
                getEllipsisStart(line), getEllipsisStart(line) + getEllipsisCount(line),
                isFallbackLineSpacingEnabled());
        caret = lineStart + tl.getOffsetToLeftRightOf(caret - lineStart, toLeft);
        TextLine.recycle(tl);
        return caret;
    }

    private int getOffsetAtStartOf(int offset) {
        // XXX this probably should skip local reorderings and
        // zero-width characters, look at callers
        if (offset == 0)
            return 0;

        CharSequence text = mText;
        char c = text.charAt(offset);

        if (c >= '\uDC00' && c <= '\uDFFF') {
            char c1 = text.charAt(offset - 1);

            if (c1 >= '\uD800' && c1 <= '\uDBFF')
                offset -= 1;
        }

        if (mSpannedText) {
            ReplacementSpan[] spans = ((Spanned) text).getSpans(offset, offset,
                                                       ReplacementSpan.class);

            for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
                int start = ((Spanned) text).getSpanStart(spans[i]);
                int end = ((Spanned) text).getSpanEnd(spans[i]);

                if (start < offset && end > offset)
                    offset = start;
            }
        }

        return offset;
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether we should clamp cursor position. Currently it's
     * only robust for left-aligned displays.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public boolean shouldClampCursor(int line) {
        // Only clamp cursor position in left-aligned displays.
        switch (getParagraphAlignment(line)) {
            case ALIGN_LEFT:
                return true;
            case ALIGN_NORMAL:
                return getParagraphDirection(line) > 0;
            default:
                return false;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Fills in the specified Path with a representation of a cursor
     * at the specified offset.  This will often be a vertical line
     * but can be multiple discontinuous lines in text with multiple
     * directionalities.
     */
    public void getCursorPath(final int point, final Path dest, final CharSequence editingBuffer) {
        dest.reset();

        int line = getLineForOffset(point);
        int top = getLineTop(line);
        int bottom = getLineBottom(line, /* includeLineSpacing= */ false);

        boolean clamped = shouldClampCursor(line);
        float h1 = getPrimaryHorizontal(point, clamped) - 0.5f;

        int caps = TextKeyListener.getMetaState(editingBuffer, TextKeyListener.META_SHIFT_ON) |
                   TextKeyListener.getMetaState(editingBuffer, TextKeyListener.META_SELECTING);
        int fn = TextKeyListener.getMetaState(editingBuffer, TextKeyListener.META_ALT_ON);
        int dist = 0;

        if (caps != 0 || fn != 0) {
            dist = (bottom - top) >> 2;

            if (fn != 0)
                top += dist;
            if (caps != 0)
                bottom -= dist;
        }

        if (h1 < 0.5f)
            h1 = 0.5f;

        dest.moveTo(h1, top);
        dest.lineTo(h1, bottom);

        if (caps == 2) {
            dest.moveTo(h1, bottom);
            dest.lineTo(h1 - dist, bottom + dist);
            dest.lineTo(h1, bottom);
            dest.lineTo(h1 + dist, bottom + dist);
        } else if (caps == 1) {
            dest.moveTo(h1, bottom);
            dest.lineTo(h1 - dist, bottom + dist);

            dest.moveTo(h1 - dist, bottom + dist - 0.5f);
            dest.lineTo(h1 + dist, bottom + dist - 0.5f);

            dest.moveTo(h1 + dist, bottom + dist);
            dest.lineTo(h1, bottom);
        }

        if (fn == 2) {
            dest.moveTo(h1, top);
            dest.lineTo(h1 - dist, top - dist);
            dest.lineTo(h1, top);
            dest.lineTo(h1 + dist, top - dist);
        } else if (fn == 1) {
            dest.moveTo(h1, top);
            dest.lineTo(h1 - dist, top - dist);

            dest.moveTo(h1 - dist, top - dist + 0.5f);
            dest.lineTo(h1 + dist, top - dist + 0.5f);

            dest.moveTo(h1 + dist, top - dist);
            dest.lineTo(h1, top);
        }
    }

    private void addSelection(int line, int start, int end,
            int top, int bottom, SelectionRectangleConsumer consumer) {
        int linestart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineend = getLineEnd(line);
        Directions dirs = getLineDirections(line);

        if (lineend > linestart && mText.charAt(lineend - 1) == '\n') {
            lineend--;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.mDirections.length; i += 2) {
            int here = linestart + dirs.mDirections[i];
            int there = here + (dirs.mDirections[i + 1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK);

            if (there > lineend) {
                there = lineend;
            }

            if (start <= there && end >= here) {
                int st = Math.max(start, here);
                int en = Math.min(end, there);

                if (st != en) {
                    float h1 = getHorizontal(st, false, line, false /* not clamped */);
                    float h2 = getHorizontal(en, true, line, false /* not clamped */);

                    float left = Math.min(h1, h2);
                    float right = Math.max(h1, h2);

                    final @TextSelectionLayout int layout =
                            ((dirs.mDirections[i + 1] & RUN_RTL_FLAG) != 0)
                                    ? TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
                                    : TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT;

                    consumer.accept(left, top, right, bottom, layout);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fills in the specified Path with a representation of a highlight
     * between the specified offsets.  This will often be a rectangle
     * or a potentially discontinuous set of rectangles.  If the start
     * and end are the same, the returned path is empty.
     */
    public void getSelectionPath(int start, int end, Path dest) {
        dest.reset();
        getSelection(start, end, (left, top, right, bottom, textSelectionLayout) ->
                dest.addRect(left, top, right, bottom, Path.Direction.CW));
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the rectangles which should be highlighted to indicate a selection between start
     * and end and feeds them into the given {@link SelectionRectangleConsumer}.
     *
     * @param start    the starting index of the selection
     * @param end      the ending index of the selection
     * @param consumer the {@link SelectionRectangleConsumer} which will receive the generated
     *                 rectangles. It will be called every time a rectangle is generated.
     * @hide
     * @see #getSelectionPath(int, int, Path)
     */
    public final void getSelection(int start, int end, final SelectionRectangleConsumer consumer) {
        if (start == end) {
            return;
        }

        if (end < start) {
            int temp = end;
            end = start;
            start = temp;
        }

        final int startline = getLineForOffset(start);
        final int endline = getLineForOffset(end);

        int top = getLineTop(startline);
        int bottom = getLineBottom(endline, /* includeLineSpacing= */ false);

        if (startline == endline) {
            addSelection(startline, start, end, top, bottom, consumer);
        } else {
            final float width = mWidth;

            addSelection(startline, start, getLineEnd(startline),
                    top, getLineBottom(startline), consumer);

            if (getParagraphDirection(startline) == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
                consumer.accept(getLineLeft(startline), top, 0, getLineBottom(startline),
                        TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
            } else {
                consumer.accept(getLineRight(startline), top, width, getLineBottom(startline),
                        TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
            }

            for (int i = startline + 1; i < endline; i++) {
                top = getLineTop(i);
                bottom = getLineBottom(i);
                if (getParagraphDirection(i) == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
                    consumer.accept(0, top, width, bottom, TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
                } else {
                    consumer.accept(0, top, width, bottom, TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
                }
            }

            top = getLineTop(endline);
            bottom = getLineBottom(endline, /* includeLineSpacing= */ false);

            addSelection(endline, getLineStart(endline), end, top, bottom, consumer);

            if (getParagraphDirection(endline) == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
                consumer.accept(width, top, getLineRight(endline), bottom,
                        TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
            } else {
                consumer.accept(0, top, getLineLeft(endline), bottom,
                        TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the alignment of the specified paragraph, taking into account
     * markup attached to it.
     */
    public final Alignment getParagraphAlignment(int line) {
        Alignment align = mAlignment;

        if (mSpannedText) {
            Spanned sp = (Spanned) mText;
            AlignmentSpan[] spans = getParagraphSpans(sp, getLineStart(line),
                                                getLineEnd(line),
                                                AlignmentSpan.class);

            int spanLength = spans.length;
            if (spanLength > 0) {
                align = spans[spanLength-1].getAlignment();
            }
        }

        return align;
    }

    /**
     * Get the left edge of the specified paragraph, inset by left margins.
     */
    public final int getParagraphLeft(int line) {
        int left = 0;
        int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        if (dir == DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT || !mSpannedText) {
            return left; // leading margin has no impact, or no styles
        }
        return getParagraphLeadingMargin(line);
    }

    /**
     * Get the right edge of the specified paragraph, inset by right margins.
     */
    public final int getParagraphRight(int line) {
        int right = mWidth;
        int dir = getParagraphDirection(line);
        if (dir == DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT || !mSpannedText) {
            return right; // leading margin has no impact, or no styles
        }
        return right - getParagraphLeadingMargin(line);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the effective leading margin (unsigned) for this line,
     * taking into account LeadingMarginSpan and LeadingMarginSpan2.
     * @param line the line index
     * @return the leading margin of this line
     */
    private int getParagraphLeadingMargin(int line) {
        if (!mSpannedText) {
            return 0;
        }
        Spanned spanned = (Spanned) mText;

        int lineStart = getLineStart(line);
        int lineEnd = getLineEnd(line);
        int spanEnd = spanned.nextSpanTransition(lineStart, lineEnd,
                LeadingMarginSpan.class);
        LeadingMarginSpan[] spans = getParagraphSpans(spanned, lineStart, spanEnd,
                                                LeadingMarginSpan.class);
        if (spans.length == 0) {
            return 0; // no leading margin span;
        }

        int margin = 0;

        boolean useFirstLineMargin = lineStart == 0 || spanned.charAt(lineStart - 1) == '\n';
        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
            if (spans[i] instanceof LeadingMarginSpan2) {
                int spStart = spanned.getSpanStart(spans[i]);
                int spanLine = getLineForOffset(spStart);
                int count = ((LeadingMarginSpan2) spans[i]).getLeadingMarginLineCount();
                // if there is more than one LeadingMarginSpan2, use the count that is greatest
                useFirstLineMargin |= line < spanLine + count;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
            LeadingMarginSpan span = spans[i];
            margin += span.getLeadingMargin(useFirstLineMargin);
        }

        return margin;
    }

    private static float measurePara(TextPaint paint, CharSequence text, int start, int end,
            TextDirectionHeuristic textDir) {
        MeasuredParagraph mt = null;
        TextLine tl = TextLine.obtain();
        try {
            mt = MeasuredParagraph.buildForBidi(text, start, end, textDir, mt);
            final char[] chars = mt.getChars();
            final int len = chars.length;
            final Directions directions = mt.getDirections(0, len);
            final int dir = mt.getParagraphDir();
            boolean hasTabs = false;
            TabStops tabStops = null;
            // leading margins should be taken into account when measuring a paragraph
            int margin = 0;
            if (text instanceof Spanned) {
                Spanned spanned = (Spanned) text;
                LeadingMarginSpan[] spans = getParagraphSpans(spanned, start, end,
                        LeadingMarginSpan.class);
                for (LeadingMarginSpan lms : spans) {
                    margin += lms.getLeadingMargin(true);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                if (chars[i] == '\t') {
                    hasTabs = true;
                    if (text instanceof Spanned) {
                        Spanned spanned = (Spanned) text;
                        int spanEnd = spanned.nextSpanTransition(start, end,
                                TabStopSpan.class);
                        TabStopSpan[] spans = getParagraphSpans(spanned, start, spanEnd,
                                TabStopSpan.class);
                        if (spans.length > 0) {
                            tabStops = new TabStops(TAB_INCREMENT, spans);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            tl.set(paint, text, start, end, dir, directions, hasTabs, tabStops,
                    0 /* ellipsisStart */, 0 /* ellipsisEnd */,
                    false /* use fallback line spacing. unused */);
            return margin + Math.abs(tl.metrics(null));
        } finally {
            TextLine.recycle(tl);
            if (mt != null) {
                mt.recycle();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
    public static class TabStops {
        private float[] mStops;
        private int mNumStops;
        private float mIncrement;

        public TabStops(float increment, Object[] spans) {
            reset(increment, spans);
        }

        void reset(float increment, Object[] spans) {
            this.mIncrement = increment;

            int ns = 0;
            if (spans != null) {
                float[] stops = this.mStops;
                for (Object o : spans) {
                    if (o instanceof TabStopSpan) {
                        if (stops == null) {
                            stops = new float[10];
                        } else if (ns == stops.length) {
                            float[] nstops = new float[ns * 2];
                            for (int i = 0; i < ns; ++i) {
                                nstops[i] = stops[i];
                            }
                            stops = nstops;
                        }
                        stops[ns++] = ((TabStopSpan) o).getTabStop();
                    }
                }
                if (ns > 1) {
                    Arrays.sort(stops, 0, ns);
                }
                if (stops != this.mStops) {
                    this.mStops = stops;
                }
            }
            this.mNumStops = ns;
        }

        float nextTab(float h) {
            int ns = this.mNumStops;
            if (ns > 0) {
                float[] stops = this.mStops;
                for (int i = 0; i < ns; ++i) {
                    float stop = stops[i];
                    if (stop > h) {
                        return stop;
                    }
                }
            }
            return nextDefaultStop(h, mIncrement);
        }

        /**
         * Returns the position of next tab stop.
         */
        public static float nextDefaultStop(float h, float inc) {
            return ((int) ((h + inc) / inc)) * inc;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the position of the next tab stop after h on the line.
     *
     * @param text the text
     * @param start start of the line
     * @param end limit of the line
     * @param h the current horizontal offset
     * @param tabs the tabs, can be null.  If it is null, any tabs in effect
     * on the line will be used.  If there are no tabs, a default offset
     * will be used to compute the tab stop.
     * @return the offset of the next tab stop.
     */
    /* package */ static float nextTab(CharSequence text, int start, int end,
                                       float h, Object[] tabs) {
        float nh = Float.MAX_VALUE;
        boolean alltabs = false;

        if (text instanceof Spanned) {
            if (tabs == null) {
                tabs = getParagraphSpans((Spanned) text, start, end, TabStopSpan.class);
                alltabs = true;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < tabs.length; i++) {
                if (!alltabs) {
                    if (!(tabs[i] instanceof TabStopSpan))
                        continue;
                }

                int where = ((TabStopSpan) tabs[i]).getTabStop();

                if (where < nh && where > h)
                    nh = where;
            }

            if (nh != Float.MAX_VALUE)
                return nh;
        }

        return ((int) ((h + TAB_INCREMENT) / TAB_INCREMENT)) * TAB_INCREMENT;
    }

    protected final boolean isSpanned() {
        return mSpannedText;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the same as <code>text.getSpans()</code>, except where
     * <code>start</code> and <code>end</code> are the same and are not
     * at the very beginning of the text, in which case an empty array
     * is returned instead.
     * <p>
     * This is needed because of the special case that <code>getSpans()</code>
     * on an empty range returns the spans adjacent to that range, which is
     * primarily for the sake of <code>TextWatchers</code> so they will get
     * notifications when text goes from empty to non-empty.  But it also
     * has the unfortunate side effect that if the text ends with an empty
     * paragraph, that paragraph accidentally picks up the styles of the
     * preceding paragraph (even though those styles will not be picked up
     * by new text that is inserted into the empty paragraph).
     * <p>
     * The reason it just checks whether <code>start</code> and <code>end</code>
     * is the same is that the only time a line can contain 0 characters
     * is if it is the final paragraph of the Layout; otherwise any line will
     * contain at least one printing or newline character.  The reason for the
     * additional check if <code>start</code> is greater than 0 is that
     * if the empty paragraph is the entire content of the buffer, paragraph
     * styles that are already applied to the buffer will apply to text that
     * is inserted into it.
     */
    /* package */static <T> T[] getParagraphSpans(Spanned text, int start, int end, Class<T> type) {
        if (start == end && start > 0) {
            return ArrayUtils.emptyArray(type);
        }

        if(text instanceof SpannableStringBuilder) {
            return ((SpannableStringBuilder) text).getSpans(start, end, type, false);
        } else {
            return text.getSpans(start, end, type);
        }
    }

    private void ellipsize(int start, int end, int line,
                           char[] dest, int destoff, TextUtils.TruncateAt method) {
        final int ellipsisCount = getEllipsisCount(line);
        if (ellipsisCount == 0) {
            return;
        }
        final int ellipsisStart = getEllipsisStart(line);
        final int lineStart = getLineStart(line);

        final String ellipsisString = TextUtils.getEllipsisString(method);
        final int ellipsisStringLen = ellipsisString.length();
        // Use the ellipsis string only if there are that at least as many characters to replace.
        final boolean useEllipsisString = ellipsisCount >= ellipsisStringLen;
        final int min = Math.max(0, start - ellipsisStart - lineStart);
        final int max = Math.min(ellipsisCount, end - ellipsisStart - lineStart);

        for (int i = min; i < max; i++) {
            final char c;
            if (useEllipsisString && i < ellipsisStringLen) {
                c = ellipsisString.charAt(i);
            } else {
                c = TextUtils.ELLIPSIS_FILLER;
            }

            final int a = i + ellipsisStart + lineStart;
            dest[destoff + a - start] = c;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Stores information about bidirectional (left-to-right or right-to-left)
     * text within the layout of a line.
     */
    public static class Directions {
        /**
         * Directions represents directional runs within a line of text. Runs are pairs of ints
         * listed in visual order, starting from the leading margin.  The first int of each pair is
         * the offset from the first character of the line to the start of the run.  The second int
         * represents both the length and level of the run. The length is in the lower bits,
         * accessed by masking with RUN_LENGTH_MASK.  The level is in the higher bits, accessed by
         * shifting by RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT and masking by RUN_LEVEL_MASK. To simply test for an RTL
         * direction, test the bit using RUN_RTL_FLAG, if set then the direction is rtl.
         * @hide
         */
        @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
        public int[] mDirections;

        /**
         * @hide
         */
        @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
        public Directions(int[] dirs) {
            mDirections = dirs;
        }

        /**
         * Returns number of BiDi runs.
         *
         * @hide
         */
        public @IntRange(from = 0) int getRunCount() {
            return mDirections.length / 2;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the start offset of the BiDi run.
         *
         * @param runIndex the index of the BiDi run
         * @return the start offset of the BiDi run.
         * @hide
         */
        public @IntRange(from = 0) int getRunStart(@IntRange(from = 0) int runIndex) {
            return mDirections[runIndex * 2];
        }

        /**
         * Returns the length of the BiDi run.
         *
         * Note that this method may return too large number due to reducing the number of object
         * allocations. The too large number means the remaining part is assigned to this run. The
         * caller must clamp the returned value.
         *
         * @param runIndex the index of the BiDi run
         * @return the length of the BiDi run.
         * @hide
         */
        public @IntRange(from = 0) int getRunLength(@IntRange(from = 0) int runIndex) {
            return mDirections[runIndex * 2 + 1] & RUN_LENGTH_MASK;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the BiDi level of this run.
         *
         * @param runIndex the index of the BiDi run
         * @return the BiDi level of this run.
         * @hide
         */
        @IntRange(from = 0)
        public int getRunLevel(int runIndex) {
            return (mDirections[runIndex * 2 + 1] >>> RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT) & RUN_LEVEL_MASK;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if the BiDi run is RTL.
         *
         * @param runIndex the index of the BiDi run
         * @return true if the BiDi run is RTL.
         * @hide
         */
        public boolean isRunRtl(int runIndex) {
            return (mDirections[runIndex * 2 + 1] & RUN_RTL_FLAG) != 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the offset of the first character to be ellipsized away,
     * relative to the start of the line.  (So 0 if the beginning of the
     * line is ellipsized, not getLineStart().)
     */
    public abstract int getEllipsisStart(int line);

    /**
     * Returns the number of characters to be ellipsized away, or 0 if
     * no ellipsis is to take place.
     */
    public abstract int getEllipsisCount(int line);

    /* package */ static class Ellipsizer implements CharSequence, GetChars {
        /* package */ CharSequence mText;
        /* package */ Layout mLayout;
        /* package */ int mWidth;
        /* package */ TextUtils.TruncateAt mMethod;

        public Ellipsizer(CharSequence s) {
            mText = s;
        }

        public char charAt(int off) {
            char[] buf = TextUtils.obtain(1);
            getChars(off, off + 1, buf, 0);
            char ret = buf[0];

            TextUtils.recycle(buf);
            return ret;
        }

        public void getChars(int start, int end, char[] dest, int destoff) {
            int line1 = mLayout.getLineForOffset(start);
            int line2 = mLayout.getLineForOffset(end);

            TextUtils.getChars(mText, start, end, dest, destoff);

            for (int i = line1; i <= line2; i++) {
                mLayout.ellipsize(start, end, i, dest, destoff, mMethod);
            }
        }

        public int length() {
            return mText.length();
        }

        public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {
            char[] s = new char[end - start];
            getChars(start, end, s, 0);
            return new String(s);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            char[] s = new char[length()];
            getChars(0, length(), s, 0);
            return new String(s);
        }

    }

    /* package */ static class SpannedEllipsizer extends Ellipsizer implements Spanned {
        private Spanned mSpanned;

        public SpannedEllipsizer(CharSequence display) {
            super(display);
            mSpanned = (Spanned) display;
        }

        public <T> T[] getSpans(int start, int end, Class<T> type) {
            return mSpanned.getSpans(start, end, type);
        }

        public int getSpanStart(Object tag) {
            return mSpanned.getSpanStart(tag);
        }

        public int getSpanEnd(Object tag) {
            return mSpanned.getSpanEnd(tag);
        }

        public int getSpanFlags(Object tag) {
            return mSpanned.getSpanFlags(tag);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        public int nextSpanTransition(int start, int limit, Class type) {
            return mSpanned.nextSpanTransition(start, limit, type);
        }

        @Override
        public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {
            char[] s = new char[end - start];
            getChars(start, end, s, 0);

            SpannableString ss = new SpannableString(new String(s));
            TextUtils.copySpansFrom(mSpanned, start, end, Object.class, ss, 0);
            return ss;
        }
    }

    private CharSequence mText;
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private TextPaint mPaint;
    private TextPaint mWorkPaint = new TextPaint();
    private int mWidth;
    private Alignment mAlignment = Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL;
    private float mSpacingMult;
    private float mSpacingAdd;
    private static final Rect sTempRect = new Rect();
    private boolean mSpannedText;
    private TextDirectionHeuristic mTextDir;
    private SpanSet<LineBackgroundSpan> mLineBackgroundSpans;
    private int mJustificationMode;

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef(prefix = { "DIR_" }, value = {
            DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT,
            DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
    })
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface Direction {}

    public static final int DIR_LEFT_TO_RIGHT = 1;
    public static final int DIR_RIGHT_TO_LEFT = -1;

    /* package */ static final int DIR_REQUEST_LTR = 1;
    /* package */ static final int DIR_REQUEST_RTL = -1;
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    /* package */ static final int DIR_REQUEST_DEFAULT_LTR = 2;
    /* package */ static final int DIR_REQUEST_DEFAULT_RTL = -2;

    /* package */ static final int RUN_LENGTH_MASK = 0x03ffffff;
    /* package */ static final int RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT = 26;
    /* package */ static final int RUN_LEVEL_MASK = 0x3f;
    /* package */ static final int RUN_RTL_FLAG = 1 << RUN_LEVEL_SHIFT;

    public enum Alignment {
        ALIGN_NORMAL,
        ALIGN_OPPOSITE,
        ALIGN_CENTER,
        /** @hide */
        @UnsupportedAppUsage
        ALIGN_LEFT,
        /** @hide */
        @UnsupportedAppUsage
        ALIGN_RIGHT,
    }

    private static final float TAB_INCREMENT = 20;

    /** @hide */
    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public static final Directions DIRS_ALL_LEFT_TO_RIGHT =
        new Directions(new int[] { 0, RUN_LENGTH_MASK });

    /** @hide */
    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public static final Directions DIRS_ALL_RIGHT_TO_LEFT =
        new Directions(new int[] { 0, RUN_LENGTH_MASK | RUN_RTL_FLAG });

    /** @hide */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    @IntDef(prefix = { "TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_" }, value = {
            TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT,
            TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
    })
    public @interface TextSelectionLayout {}

    /** @hide */
    public static final int TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT = 0;
    /** @hide */
    public static final int TEXT_SELECTION_LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT = 1;

    /** @hide */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface SelectionRectangleConsumer {
        /**
         * Performs this operation on the given rectangle.
         *
         * @param left   the left edge of the rectangle
         * @param top    the top edge of the rectangle
         * @param right  the right edge of the rectangle
         * @param bottom the bottom edge of the rectangle
         * @param textSelectionLayout the layout (RTL or LTR) of the text covered by this
         *                            selection rectangle
         */
        void accept(float left, float top, float right, float bottom,
                @TextSelectionLayout int textSelectionLayout);
    }

    /**
     * Strategy for determining whether a text segment is inside a rectangle area.
     *
     * @see #getRangeForRect(RectF, SegmentFinder, TextInclusionStrategy)
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface TextInclusionStrategy {
        /**
         * Returns true if this {@link TextInclusionStrategy} considers the segment with bounds
         * {@code segmentBounds} to be inside {@code area}.
         *
         * <p>The segment is a range of text which does not cross line boundaries or directional run
         * boundaries. The horizontal bounds of the segment are the start bound of the first
         * character to the end bound of the last character. The vertical bounds match the line
         * bounds ({@code getLineTop(line)} and {@code getLineBottom(line, false)}).
         */
        boolean isSegmentInside(@NonNull RectF segmentBounds, @NonNull RectF area);
    }
}