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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10  *
11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15  * accompanied this code).
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  *
21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23  * questions.
24  */
25 
26 /*
27  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
30  * file:
31  *
32  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
33  *
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
38  *
39  *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
40  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  *
42  *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
43  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
44  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
45  *
46  *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48  *    without specific prior written permission.
49  *
50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
51  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
52  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
53  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
54  * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
55  * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
56  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
57  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
58  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
59  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
60  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
61  */
62 package java.time;
63 
64 import static java.time.LocalTime.MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
65 import static java.time.LocalTime.NANOS_PER_MILLI;
66 import static java.time.LocalTime.NANOS_PER_SECOND;
67 import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY;
68 import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
69 import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
70 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND;
71 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
72 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.NANOS;
73 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.SECONDS;
74 
75 import java.io.DataInput;
76 import java.io.DataOutput;
77 import java.io.IOException;
78 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
79 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
80 import java.io.Serializable;
81 import java.math.BigDecimal;
82 import java.math.BigInteger;
83 import java.math.RoundingMode;
84 import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
85 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
86 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
87 import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
88 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
89 import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
90 import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
91 import java.util.Arrays;
92 import java.util.Collections;
93 import java.util.List;
94 import java.util.Objects;
95 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
96 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
97 
98 // Android-changed: removed ValueBased paragraph.
99 /**
100  * A time-based amount of time, such as '34.5 seconds'.
101  * <p>
102  * This class models a quantity or amount of time in terms of seconds and nanoseconds.
103  * It can be accessed using other duration-based units, such as minutes and hours.
104  * In addition, the {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS} unit can be used and is treated as
105  * exactly equal to 24 hours, thus ignoring daylight savings effects.
106  * See {@link Period} for the date-based equivalent to this class.
107  * <p>
108  * A physical duration could be of infinite length.
109  * For practicality, the duration is stored with constraints similar to {@link Instant}.
110  * The duration uses nanosecond resolution with a maximum value of the seconds that can
111  * be held in a {@code long}. This is greater than the current estimated age of the universe.
112  * <p>
113  * The range of a duration requires the storage of a number larger than a {@code long}.
114  * To achieve this, the class stores a {@code long} representing seconds and an {@code int}
115  * representing nanosecond-of-second, which will always be between 0 and 999,999,999.
116  * The model is of a directed duration, meaning that the duration may be negative.
117  * <p>
118  * The duration is measured in "seconds", but these are not necessarily identical to
119  * the scientific "SI second" definition based on atomic clocks.
120  * This difference only impacts durations measured near a leap-second and should not affect
121  * most applications.
122  * See {@link Instant} for a discussion as to the meaning of the second and time-scales.
123  *
124  * @implSpec
125  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
126  *
127  * @since 1.8
128  */
129 public final class Duration
130         implements TemporalAmount, Comparable<Duration>, Serializable {
131 
132     /**
133      * Constant for a duration of zero.
134      */
135     public static final Duration ZERO = new Duration(0, 0);
136     /**
137      * Serialization version.
138      */
139     @java.io.Serial
140     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3078945930695997490L;
141     /**
142      * Constant for nanos per second.
143      */
144     private static final BigInteger BI_NANOS_PER_SECOND = BigInteger.valueOf(NANOS_PER_SECOND);
145     /**
146      * The pattern for parsing.
147      */
148     private static final Pattern PATTERN =
149             Pattern.compile("([-+]?)P(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)D)?" +
150                     "(T(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)H)?(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)M)?(?:([-+]?[0-9]+)(?:[.,]([0-9]{0,9}))?S)?)?",
151                     Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
152 
153     /**
154      * The number of seconds in the duration.
155      */
156     private final long seconds;
157     /**
158      * The number of nanoseconds in the duration, expressed as a fraction of the
159      * number of seconds. This is always positive, and never exceeds 999,999,999.
160      */
161     private final int nanos;
162 
163     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
164     /**
165      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of standard 24 hour days.
166      * <p>
167      * The seconds are calculated based on the standard definition of a day,
168      * where each day is 86400 seconds which implies a 24 hour day.
169      * The nanosecond in second field is set to zero.
170      *
171      * @param days  the number of days, positive or negative
172      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
173      * @throws ArithmeticException if the input days exceeds the capacity of {@code Duration}
174      */
ofDays(long days)175     public static Duration ofDays(long days) {
176         return create(Math.multiplyExact(days, SECONDS_PER_DAY), 0);
177     }
178 
179     /**
180      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of standard hours.
181      * <p>
182      * The seconds are calculated based on the standard definition of an hour,
183      * where each hour is 3600 seconds.
184      * The nanosecond in second field is set to zero.
185      *
186      * @param hours  the number of hours, positive or negative
187      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
188      * @throws ArithmeticException if the input hours exceeds the capacity of {@code Duration}
189      */
ofHours(long hours)190     public static Duration ofHours(long hours) {
191         return create(Math.multiplyExact(hours, SECONDS_PER_HOUR), 0);
192     }
193 
194     /**
195      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of standard minutes.
196      * <p>
197      * The seconds are calculated based on the standard definition of a minute,
198      * where each minute is 60 seconds.
199      * The nanosecond in second field is set to zero.
200      *
201      * @param minutes  the number of minutes, positive or negative
202      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
203      * @throws ArithmeticException if the input minutes exceeds the capacity of {@code Duration}
204      */
ofMinutes(long minutes)205     public static Duration ofMinutes(long minutes) {
206         return create(Math.multiplyExact(minutes, SECONDS_PER_MINUTE), 0);
207     }
208 
209     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
210     /**
211      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of seconds.
212      * <p>
213      * The nanosecond in second field is set to zero.
214      *
215      * @param seconds  the number of seconds, positive or negative
216      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
217      */
ofSeconds(long seconds)218     public static Duration ofSeconds(long seconds) {
219         return create(seconds, 0);
220     }
221 
222     /**
223      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of seconds and an
224      * adjustment in nanoseconds.
225      * <p>
226      * This method allows an arbitrary number of nanoseconds to be passed in.
227      * The factory will alter the values of the second and nanosecond in order
228      * to ensure that the stored nanosecond is in the range 0 to 999,999,999.
229      * For example, the following will result in exactly the same duration:
230      * <pre>
231      *  Duration.ofSeconds(3, 1);
232      *  Duration.ofSeconds(4, -999_999_999);
233      *  Duration.ofSeconds(2, 1000_000_001);
234      * </pre>
235      *
236      * @param seconds  the number of seconds, positive or negative
237      * @param nanoAdjustment  the nanosecond adjustment to the number of seconds, positive or negative
238      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
239      * @throws ArithmeticException if the adjustment causes the seconds to exceed the capacity of {@code Duration}
240      */
ofSeconds(long seconds, long nanoAdjustment)241     public static Duration ofSeconds(long seconds, long nanoAdjustment) {
242         long secs = Math.addExact(seconds, Math.floorDiv(nanoAdjustment, NANOS_PER_SECOND));
243         int nos = (int) Math.floorMod(nanoAdjustment, NANOS_PER_SECOND);
244         return create(secs, nos);
245     }
246 
247     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
248     /**
249      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of milliseconds.
250      * <p>
251      * The seconds and nanoseconds are extracted from the specified milliseconds.
252      *
253      * @param millis  the number of milliseconds, positive or negative
254      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
255      */
ofMillis(long millis)256     public static Duration ofMillis(long millis) {
257         long secs = millis / 1000;
258         int mos = (int) (millis % 1000);
259         if (mos < 0) {
260             mos += 1000;
261             secs--;
262         }
263         return create(secs, mos * 1000_000);
264     }
265 
266     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
267     /**
268      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing a number of nanoseconds.
269      * <p>
270      * The seconds and nanoseconds are extracted from the specified nanoseconds.
271      *
272      * @param nanos  the number of nanoseconds, positive or negative
273      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
274      */
ofNanos(long nanos)275     public static Duration ofNanos(long nanos) {
276         long secs = nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND;
277         int nos = (int) (nanos % NANOS_PER_SECOND);
278         if (nos < 0) {
279             nos += NANOS_PER_SECOND;
280             secs--;
281         }
282         return create(secs, nos);
283     }
284 
285     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
286     /**
287      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing an amount in the specified unit.
288      * <p>
289      * The parameters represent the two parts of a phrase like '6 Hours'. For example:
290      * <pre>
291      *  Duration.of(3, SECONDS);
292      *  Duration.of(465, HOURS);
293      * </pre>
294      * Only a subset of units are accepted by this method.
295      * The unit must either have an {@linkplain TemporalUnit#isDurationEstimated() exact duration} or
296      * be {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS} which is treated as 24 hours. Other units throw an exception.
297      *
298      * @param amount  the amount of the duration, measured in terms of the unit, positive or negative
299      * @param unit  the unit that the duration is measured in, must have an exact duration, not null
300      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
301      * @throws DateTimeException if the period unit has an estimated duration
302      * @throws ArithmeticException if a numeric overflow occurs
303      */
of(long amount, TemporalUnit unit)304     public static Duration of(long amount, TemporalUnit unit) {
305         return ZERO.plus(amount, unit);
306     }
307 
308     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
309     /**
310      * Obtains an instance of {@code Duration} from a temporal amount.
311      * <p>
312      * This obtains a duration based on the specified amount.
313      * A {@code TemporalAmount} represents an  amount of time, which may be
314      * date-based or time-based, which this factory extracts to a duration.
315      * <p>
316      * The conversion loops around the set of units from the amount and uses
317      * the {@linkplain TemporalUnit#getDuration() duration} of the unit to
318      * calculate the total {@code Duration}.
319      * Only a subset of units are accepted by this method. The unit must either
320      * have an {@linkplain TemporalUnit#isDurationEstimated() exact duration}
321      * or be {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS} which is treated as 24 hours.
322      * If any other units are found then an exception is thrown.
323      *
324      * @param amount  the temporal amount to convert, not null
325      * @return the equivalent duration, not null
326      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code Duration}
327      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
328      */
from(TemporalAmount amount)329     public static Duration from(TemporalAmount amount) {
330         Objects.requireNonNull(amount, "amount");
331         Duration duration = ZERO;
332         for (TemporalUnit unit : amount.getUnits()) {
333             duration = duration.plus(amount.get(unit), unit);
334         }
335         return duration;
336     }
337 
338     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
339     /**
340      * Obtains a {@code Duration} from a text string such as {@code PnDTnHnMn.nS}.
341      * <p>
342      * This will parse a textual representation of a duration, including the
343      * string produced by {@code toString()}. The formats accepted are based
344      * on the ISO-8601 duration format {@code PnDTnHnMn.nS} with days
345      * considered to be exactly 24 hours.
346      * <p>
347      * The string starts with an optional sign, denoted by the ASCII negative
348      * or positive symbol. If negative, the whole period is negated.
349      * The ASCII letter "P" is next in upper or lower case.
350      * There are then four sections, each consisting of a number and a suffix.
351      * The sections have suffixes in ASCII of "D", "H", "M" and "S" for
352      * days, hours, minutes and seconds, accepted in upper or lower case.
353      * The suffixes must occur in order. The ASCII letter "T" must occur before
354      * the first occurrence, if any, of an hour, minute or second section.
355      * At least one of the four sections must be present, and if "T" is present
356      * there must be at least one section after the "T".
357      * The number part of each section must consist of one or more ASCII digits.
358      * The number may be prefixed by the ASCII negative or positive symbol.
359      * The number of days, hours and minutes must parse to an {@code long}.
360      * The number of seconds must parse to an {@code long} with optional fraction.
361      * The decimal point may be either a dot or a comma.
362      * The fractional part may have from zero to 9 digits.
363      * <p>
364      * The leading plus/minus sign, and negative values for other units are
365      * not part of the ISO-8601 standard.
366      * <p>
367      * Examples:
368      * <pre>
369      *    "PT20.345S" -- parses as "20.345 seconds"
370      *    "PT15M"     -- parses as "15 minutes" (where a minute is 60 seconds)
371      *    "PT10H"     -- parses as "10 hours" (where an hour is 3600 seconds)
372      *    "P2D"       -- parses as "2 days" (where a day is 24 hours or 86400 seconds)
373      *    "P2DT3H4M"  -- parses as "2 days, 3 hours and 4 minutes"
374      *    "P-6H3M"    -- parses as "-6 hours and +3 minutes"
375      *    "-P6H3M"    -- parses as "-6 hours and -3 minutes"
376      *    "-P-6H+3M"  -- parses as "+6 hours and -3 minutes"
377      * </pre>
378      *
379      * @param text  the text to parse, not null
380      * @return the parsed duration, not null
381      * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed to a duration
382      */
parse(CharSequence text)383     public static Duration parse(CharSequence text) {
384         Objects.requireNonNull(text, "text");
385         Matcher matcher = PATTERN.matcher(text);
386         if (matcher.matches()) {
387             // check for letter T but no time sections
388             if ("T".equals(matcher.group(3)) == false) {
389                 boolean negate = "-".equals(matcher.group(1));
390                 String dayMatch = matcher.group(2);
391                 String hourMatch = matcher.group(4);
392                 String minuteMatch = matcher.group(5);
393                 String secondMatch = matcher.group(6);
394                 String fractionMatch = matcher.group(7);
395                 if (dayMatch != null || hourMatch != null || minuteMatch != null || secondMatch != null) {
396                     long daysAsSecs = parseNumber(text, dayMatch, SECONDS_PER_DAY, "days");
397                     long hoursAsSecs = parseNumber(text, hourMatch, SECONDS_PER_HOUR, "hours");
398                     long minsAsSecs = parseNumber(text, minuteMatch, SECONDS_PER_MINUTE, "minutes");
399                     long seconds = parseNumber(text, secondMatch, 1, "seconds");
400                     int nanos = parseFraction(text,  fractionMatch, seconds < 0 ? -1 : 1);
401                     try {
402                         return create(negate, daysAsSecs, hoursAsSecs, minsAsSecs, seconds, nanos);
403                     } catch (ArithmeticException ex) {
404                         throw (DateTimeParseException) new DateTimeParseException("Text cannot be parsed to a Duration: overflow", text, 0).initCause(ex);
405                     }
406                 }
407             }
408         }
409         throw new DateTimeParseException("Text cannot be parsed to a Duration", text, 0);
410     }
411 
parseNumber(CharSequence text, String parsed, int multiplier, String errorText)412     private static long parseNumber(CharSequence text, String parsed, int multiplier, String errorText) {
413         // regex limits to [-+]?[0-9]+
414         if (parsed == null) {
415             return 0;
416         }
417         try {
418             long val = Long.parseLong(parsed);
419             return Math.multiplyExact(val, multiplier);
420         } catch (NumberFormatException | ArithmeticException ex) {
421             throw (DateTimeParseException) new DateTimeParseException("Text cannot be parsed to a Duration: " + errorText, text, 0).initCause(ex);
422         }
423     }
424 
parseFraction(CharSequence text, String parsed, int negate)425     private static int parseFraction(CharSequence text, String parsed, int negate) {
426         // regex limits to [0-9]{0,9}
427         if (parsed == null || parsed.length() == 0) {
428             return 0;
429         }
430         try {
431             parsed = (parsed + "000000000").substring(0, 9);
432             return Integer.parseInt(parsed) * negate;
433         } catch (NumberFormatException | ArithmeticException ex) {
434             throw (DateTimeParseException) new DateTimeParseException("Text cannot be parsed to a Duration: fraction", text, 0).initCause(ex);
435         }
436     }
437 
create(boolean negate, long daysAsSecs, long hoursAsSecs, long minsAsSecs, long secs, int nanos)438     private static Duration create(boolean negate, long daysAsSecs, long hoursAsSecs, long minsAsSecs, long secs, int nanos) {
439         long seconds = Math.addExact(daysAsSecs, Math.addExact(hoursAsSecs, Math.addExact(minsAsSecs, secs)));
440         if (negate) {
441             return ofSeconds(seconds, nanos).negated();
442         }
443         return ofSeconds(seconds, nanos);
444     }
445 
446     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
447     /**
448      * Obtains a {@code Duration} representing the duration between two temporal objects.
449      * <p>
450      * This calculates the duration between two temporal objects. If the objects
451      * are of different types, then the duration is calculated based on the type
452      * of the first object. For example, if the first argument is a {@code LocalTime}
453      * then the second argument is converted to a {@code LocalTime}.
454      * <p>
455      * The specified temporal objects must support the {@link ChronoUnit#SECONDS SECONDS} unit.
456      * For full accuracy, either the {@link ChronoUnit#NANOS NANOS} unit or the
457      * {@link ChronoField#NANO_OF_SECOND NANO_OF_SECOND} field should be supported.
458      * <p>
459      * The result of this method can be a negative period if the end is before the start.
460      * To guarantee to obtain a positive duration call {@link #abs()} on the result.
461      *
462      * @param startInclusive  the start instant, inclusive, not null
463      * @param endExclusive  the end instant, exclusive, not null
464      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
465      * @throws DateTimeException if the seconds between the temporals cannot be obtained
466      * @throws ArithmeticException if the calculation exceeds the capacity of {@code Duration}
467      */
between(Temporal startInclusive, Temporal endExclusive)468     public static Duration between(Temporal startInclusive, Temporal endExclusive) {
469         try {
470             return ofNanos(startInclusive.until(endExclusive, NANOS));
471         } catch (DateTimeException | ArithmeticException ex) {
472             long secs = startInclusive.until(endExclusive, SECONDS);
473             long nanos;
474             try {
475                 nanos = endExclusive.getLong(NANO_OF_SECOND) - startInclusive.getLong(NANO_OF_SECOND);
476                 if (secs > 0 && nanos < 0) {
477                     secs++;
478                 } else if (secs < 0 && nanos > 0) {
479                     secs--;
480                 }
481             } catch (DateTimeException ex2) {
482                 nanos = 0;
483             }
484             return ofSeconds(secs, nanos);
485         }
486     }
487 
488     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
489     /**
490      * Obtains an instance of {@code Duration} using seconds and nanoseconds.
491      *
492      * @param seconds  the length of the duration in seconds, positive or negative
493      * @param nanoAdjustment  the nanosecond adjustment within the second, from 0 to 999,999,999
494      */
create(long seconds, int nanoAdjustment)495     private static Duration create(long seconds, int nanoAdjustment) {
496         if ((seconds | nanoAdjustment) == 0) {
497             return ZERO;
498         }
499         return new Duration(seconds, nanoAdjustment);
500     }
501 
502     /**
503      * Constructs an instance of {@code Duration} using seconds and nanoseconds.
504      *
505      * @param seconds  the length of the duration in seconds, positive or negative
506      * @param nanos  the nanoseconds within the second, from 0 to 999,999,999
507      */
Duration(long seconds, int nanos)508     private Duration(long seconds, int nanos) {
509         super();
510         this.seconds = seconds;
511         this.nanos = nanos;
512     }
513 
514     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
515     /**
516      * Gets the value of the requested unit.
517      * <p>
518      * This returns a value for each of the two supported units,
519      * {@link ChronoUnit#SECONDS SECONDS} and {@link ChronoUnit#NANOS NANOS}.
520      * All other units throw an exception.
521      *
522      * @param unit the {@code TemporalUnit} for which to return the value
523      * @return the long value of the unit
524      * @throws DateTimeException if the unit is not supported
525      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
526      */
527     @Override
get(TemporalUnit unit)528     public long get(TemporalUnit unit) {
529         if (unit == SECONDS) {
530             return seconds;
531         } else if (unit == NANOS) {
532             return nanos;
533         } else {
534             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
535         }
536     }
537 
538     /**
539      * Gets the set of units supported by this duration.
540      * <p>
541      * The supported units are {@link ChronoUnit#SECONDS SECONDS},
542      * and {@link ChronoUnit#NANOS NANOS}.
543      * They are returned in the order seconds, nanos.
544      * <p>
545      * This set can be used in conjunction with {@link #get(TemporalUnit)}
546      * to access the entire state of the duration.
547      *
548      * @return a list containing the seconds and nanos units, not null
549      */
550     @Override
getUnits()551     public List<TemporalUnit> getUnits() {
552         return DurationUnits.UNITS;
553     }
554 
555     /**
556      * Private class to delay initialization of this list until needed.
557      * The circular dependency between Duration and ChronoUnit prevents
558      * the simple initialization in Duration.
559      */
560     private static class DurationUnits {
561         static final List<TemporalUnit> UNITS =
562                 Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.<TemporalUnit>asList(SECONDS, NANOS));
563     }
564 
565     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
566     /**
567      * Checks if this duration is zero length.
568      * <p>
569      * A {@code Duration} represents a directed distance between two points on
570      * the time-line and can therefore be positive, zero or negative.
571      * This method checks whether the length is zero.
572      *
573      * @return true if this duration has a total length equal to zero
574      */
isZero()575     public boolean isZero() {
576         return (seconds | nanos) == 0;
577     }
578 
579     /**
580      * Checks if this duration is negative, excluding zero.
581      * <p>
582      * A {@code Duration} represents a directed distance between two points on
583      * the time-line and can therefore be positive, zero or negative.
584      * This method checks whether the length is less than zero.
585      *
586      * @return true if this duration has a total length less than zero
587      */
isNegative()588     public boolean isNegative() {
589         return seconds < 0;
590     }
591 
592     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
593     /**
594      * Gets the number of seconds in this duration.
595      * <p>
596      * The length of the duration is stored using two fields - seconds and nanoseconds.
597      * The nanoseconds part is a value from 0 to 999,999,999 that is an adjustment to
598      * the length in seconds.
599      * The total duration is defined by calling this method and {@link #getNano()}.
600      * <p>
601      * A {@code Duration} represents a directed distance between two points on the time-line.
602      * A negative duration is expressed by the negative sign of the seconds part.
603      * A duration of -1 nanosecond is stored as -1 seconds plus 999,999,999 nanoseconds.
604      *
605      * @return the whole seconds part of the length of the duration, positive or negative
606      */
getSeconds()607     public long getSeconds() {
608         return seconds;
609     }
610 
611     /**
612      * Gets the number of nanoseconds within the second in this duration.
613      * <p>
614      * The length of the duration is stored using two fields - seconds and nanoseconds.
615      * The nanoseconds part is a value from 0 to 999,999,999 that is an adjustment to
616      * the length in seconds.
617      * The total duration is defined by calling this method and {@link #getSeconds()}.
618      * <p>
619      * A {@code Duration} represents a directed distance between two points on the time-line.
620      * A negative duration is expressed by the negative sign of the seconds part.
621      * A duration of -1 nanosecond is stored as -1 seconds plus 999,999,999 nanoseconds.
622      *
623      * @return the nanoseconds within the second part of the length of the duration, from 0 to 999,999,999
624      */
getNano()625     public int getNano() {
626         return nanos;
627     }
628 
629     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
630     /**
631      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified amount of seconds.
632      * <p>
633      * This returns a duration with the specified seconds, retaining the
634      * nano-of-second part of this duration.
635      * <p>
636      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
637      *
638      * @param seconds  the seconds to represent, may be negative
639      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this period with the requested seconds, not null
640      */
withSeconds(long seconds)641     public Duration withSeconds(long seconds) {
642         return create(seconds, nanos);
643     }
644 
645     /**
646      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified nano-of-second.
647      * <p>
648      * This returns a duration with the specified nano-of-second, retaining the
649      * seconds part of this duration.
650      * <p>
651      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
652      *
653      * @param nanoOfSecond  the nano-of-second to represent, from 0 to 999,999,999
654      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this period with the requested nano-of-second, not null
655      * @throws DateTimeException if the nano-of-second is invalid
656      */
withNanos(int nanoOfSecond)657     public Duration withNanos(int nanoOfSecond) {
658         NANO_OF_SECOND.checkValidIntValue(nanoOfSecond);
659         return create(seconds, nanoOfSecond);
660     }
661 
662     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
663     /**
664      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration added.
665      * <p>
666      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
667      *
668      * @param duration  the duration to add, positive or negative, not null
669      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified duration added, not null
670      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
671      */
plus(Duration duration)672     public Duration plus(Duration duration) {
673         return plus(duration.getSeconds(), duration.getNano());
674      }
675 
676     /**
677      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration added.
678      * <p>
679      * The duration amount is measured in terms of the specified unit.
680      * Only a subset of units are accepted by this method.
681      * The unit must either have an {@linkplain TemporalUnit#isDurationEstimated() exact duration} or
682      * be {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS} which is treated as 24 hours. Other units throw an exception.
683      * <p>
684      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
685      *
686      * @param amountToAdd  the amount to add, measured in terms of the unit, positive or negative
687      * @param unit  the unit that the amount is measured in, must have an exact duration, not null
688      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified duration added, not null
689      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
690      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
691      */
plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)692     public Duration plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
693         Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
694         if (unit == DAYS) {
695             return plus(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, SECONDS_PER_DAY), 0);
696         }
697         if (unit.isDurationEstimated()) {
698             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unit must not have an estimated duration");
699         }
700         if (amountToAdd == 0) {
701             return this;
702         }
703         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit chronoUnit) {
704             switch (chronoUnit) {
705                 case NANOS: return plusNanos(amountToAdd);
706                 case MICROS: return plusSeconds((amountToAdd / (1000_000L * 1000)) * 1000).plusNanos((amountToAdd % (1000_000L * 1000)) * 1000);
707                 case MILLIS: return plusMillis(amountToAdd);
708                 case SECONDS: return plusSeconds(amountToAdd);
709             }
710             return plusSeconds(Math.multiplyExact(unit.getDuration().seconds, amountToAdd));
711         }
712         Duration duration = unit.getDuration().multipliedBy(amountToAdd);
713         return plusSeconds(duration.getSeconds()).plusNanos(duration.getNano());
714     }
715 
716     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
717     /**
718      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in standard 24 hour days added.
719      * <p>
720      * The number of days is multiplied by 86400 to obtain the number of seconds to add.
721      * This is based on the standard definition of a day as 24 hours.
722      * <p>
723      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
724      *
725      * @param daysToAdd  the days to add, positive or negative
726      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified days added, not null
727      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
728      */
plusDays(long daysToAdd)729     public Duration plusDays(long daysToAdd) {
730         return plus(Math.multiplyExact(daysToAdd, SECONDS_PER_DAY), 0);
731     }
732 
733     /**
734      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in hours added.
735      * <p>
736      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
737      *
738      * @param hoursToAdd  the hours to add, positive or negative
739      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified hours added, not null
740      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
741      */
plusHours(long hoursToAdd)742     public Duration plusHours(long hoursToAdd) {
743         return plus(Math.multiplyExact(hoursToAdd, SECONDS_PER_HOUR), 0);
744     }
745 
746     /**
747      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in minutes added.
748      * <p>
749      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
750      *
751      * @param minutesToAdd  the minutes to add, positive or negative
752      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified minutes added, not null
753      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
754      */
plusMinutes(long minutesToAdd)755     public Duration plusMinutes(long minutesToAdd) {
756         return plus(Math.multiplyExact(minutesToAdd, SECONDS_PER_MINUTE), 0);
757     }
758 
759     /**
760      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in seconds added.
761      * <p>
762      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
763      *
764      * @param secondsToAdd  the seconds to add, positive or negative
765      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified seconds added, not null
766      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
767      */
plusSeconds(long secondsToAdd)768     public Duration plusSeconds(long secondsToAdd) {
769         return plus(secondsToAdd, 0);
770     }
771 
772     /**
773      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in milliseconds added.
774      * <p>
775      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
776      *
777      * @param millisToAdd  the milliseconds to add, positive or negative
778      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified milliseconds added, not null
779      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
780      */
plusMillis(long millisToAdd)781     public Duration plusMillis(long millisToAdd) {
782         return plus(millisToAdd / 1000, (millisToAdd % 1000) * 1000_000);
783     }
784 
785     /**
786      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in nanoseconds added.
787      * <p>
788      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
789      *
790      * @param nanosToAdd  the nanoseconds to add, positive or negative
791      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified nanoseconds added, not null
792      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
793      */
plusNanos(long nanosToAdd)794     public Duration plusNanos(long nanosToAdd) {
795         return plus(0, nanosToAdd);
796     }
797 
798     /**
799      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration added.
800      * <p>
801      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
802      *
803      * @param secondsToAdd  the seconds to add, positive or negative
804      * @param nanosToAdd  the nanos to add, positive or negative
805      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified seconds added, not null
806      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
807      */
plus(long secondsToAdd, long nanosToAdd)808     private Duration plus(long secondsToAdd, long nanosToAdd) {
809         if ((secondsToAdd | nanosToAdd) == 0) {
810             return this;
811         }
812         long epochSec = Math.addExact(seconds, secondsToAdd);
813         epochSec = Math.addExact(epochSec, nanosToAdd / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
814         nanosToAdd = nanosToAdd % NANOS_PER_SECOND;
815         long nanoAdjustment = nanos + nanosToAdd;  // safe int+NANOS_PER_SECOND
816         return ofSeconds(epochSec, nanoAdjustment);
817     }
818 
819     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
820     /**
821      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration subtracted.
822      * <p>
823      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
824      *
825      * @param duration  the duration to subtract, positive or negative, not null
826      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified duration subtracted, not null
827      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
828      */
minus(Duration duration)829     public Duration minus(Duration duration) {
830         long secsToSubtract = duration.getSeconds();
831         int nanosToSubtract = duration.getNano();
832         if (secsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
833             return plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, -nanosToSubtract).plus(1, 0);
834         }
835         return plus(-secsToSubtract, -nanosToSubtract);
836      }
837 
838     /**
839      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration subtracted.
840      * <p>
841      * The duration amount is measured in terms of the specified unit.
842      * Only a subset of units are accepted by this method.
843      * The unit must either have an {@linkplain TemporalUnit#isDurationEstimated() exact duration} or
844      * be {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS} which is treated as 24 hours. Other units throw an exception.
845      * <p>
846      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
847      *
848      * @param amountToSubtract  the amount to subtract, measured in terms of the unit, positive or negative
849      * @param unit  the unit that the amount is measured in, must have an exact duration, not null
850      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified duration subtracted, not null
851      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
852      */
minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)853     public Duration minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
854         return (amountToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, unit).plus(1, unit) : plus(-amountToSubtract, unit));
855     }
856 
857     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
858     /**
859      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in standard 24 hour days subtracted.
860      * <p>
861      * The number of days is multiplied by 86400 to obtain the number of seconds to subtract.
862      * This is based on the standard definition of a day as 24 hours.
863      * <p>
864      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
865      *
866      * @param daysToSubtract  the days to subtract, positive or negative
867      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified days subtracted, not null
868      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
869      */
minusDays(long daysToSubtract)870     public Duration minusDays(long daysToSubtract) {
871         return (daysToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusDays(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusDays(1) : plusDays(-daysToSubtract));
872     }
873 
874     /**
875      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in hours subtracted.
876      * <p>
877      * The number of hours is multiplied by 3600 to obtain the number of seconds to subtract.
878      * <p>
879      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
880      *
881      * @param hoursToSubtract  the hours to subtract, positive or negative
882      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified hours subtracted, not null
883      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
884      */
minusHours(long hoursToSubtract)885     public Duration minusHours(long hoursToSubtract) {
886         return (hoursToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusHours(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusHours(1) : plusHours(-hoursToSubtract));
887     }
888 
889     /**
890      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in minutes subtracted.
891      * <p>
892      * The number of hours is multiplied by 60 to obtain the number of seconds to subtract.
893      * <p>
894      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
895      *
896      * @param minutesToSubtract  the minutes to subtract, positive or negative
897      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified minutes subtracted, not null
898      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
899      */
minusMinutes(long minutesToSubtract)900     public Duration minusMinutes(long minutesToSubtract) {
901         return (minutesToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusMinutes(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusMinutes(1) : plusMinutes(-minutesToSubtract));
902     }
903 
904     /**
905      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in seconds subtracted.
906      * <p>
907      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
908      *
909      * @param secondsToSubtract  the seconds to subtract, positive or negative
910      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified seconds subtracted, not null
911      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
912      */
minusSeconds(long secondsToSubtract)913     public Duration minusSeconds(long secondsToSubtract) {
914         return (secondsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusSeconds(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusSeconds(1) : plusSeconds(-secondsToSubtract));
915     }
916 
917     /**
918      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in milliseconds subtracted.
919      * <p>
920      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
921      *
922      * @param millisToSubtract  the milliseconds to subtract, positive or negative
923      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified milliseconds subtracted, not null
924      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
925      */
minusMillis(long millisToSubtract)926     public Duration minusMillis(long millisToSubtract) {
927         return (millisToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusMillis(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusMillis(1) : plusMillis(-millisToSubtract));
928     }
929 
930     /**
931      * Returns a copy of this duration with the specified duration in nanoseconds subtracted.
932      * <p>
933      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
934      *
935      * @param nanosToSubtract  the nanoseconds to subtract, positive or negative
936      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the specified nanoseconds subtracted, not null
937      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
938      */
minusNanos(long nanosToSubtract)939     public Duration minusNanos(long nanosToSubtract) {
940         return (nanosToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusNanos(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusNanos(1) : plusNanos(-nanosToSubtract));
941     }
942 
943     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
944     /**
945      * Returns a copy of this duration multiplied by the scalar.
946      * <p>
947      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
948      *
949      * @param multiplicand  the value to multiply the duration by, positive or negative
950      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration multiplied by the specified scalar, not null
951      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
952      */
multipliedBy(long multiplicand)953     public Duration multipliedBy(long multiplicand) {
954         if (multiplicand == 0) {
955             return ZERO;
956         }
957         if (multiplicand == 1) {
958             return this;
959         }
960         return create(toBigDecimalSeconds().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(multiplicand)));
961      }
962 
963     /**
964      * Returns a copy of this duration divided by the specified value.
965      * <p>
966      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
967      *
968      * @param divisor  the value to divide the duration by, positive or negative, not zero
969      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration divided by the specified divisor, not null
970      * @throws ArithmeticException if the divisor is zero or if numeric overflow occurs
971      */
dividedBy(long divisor)972     public Duration dividedBy(long divisor) {
973         if (divisor == 0) {
974             throw new ArithmeticException("Cannot divide by zero");
975         }
976         if (divisor == 1) {
977             return this;
978         }
979         return create(toBigDecimalSeconds().divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(divisor), RoundingMode.DOWN));
980      }
981 
982     /**
983      * Returns number of whole times a specified Duration occurs within this Duration.
984      * <p>
985      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
986      *
987      * @param divisor the value to divide the duration by, positive or negative, not null
988      * @return number of whole times, rounded toward zero, a specified
989      *         {@code Duration} occurs within this Duration, may be negative
990      * @throws ArithmeticException if the divisor is zero, or if numeric overflow occurs
991      * @since 9
992      */
dividedBy(Duration divisor)993     public long dividedBy(Duration divisor) {
994         Objects.requireNonNull(divisor, "divisor");
995         BigDecimal dividendBigD = toBigDecimalSeconds();
996         BigDecimal divisorBigD = divisor.toBigDecimalSeconds();
997         return dividendBigD.divideToIntegralValue(divisorBigD).longValueExact();
998     }
999 
1000     /**
1001      * Converts this duration to the total length in seconds and
1002      * fractional nanoseconds expressed as a {@code BigDecimal}.
1003      *
1004      * @return the total length of the duration in seconds, with a scale of 9, not null
1005      */
toBigDecimalSeconds()1006     private BigDecimal toBigDecimalSeconds() {
1007         return BigDecimal.valueOf(seconds).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(nanos, 9));
1008     }
1009 
1010     /**
1011      * Creates an instance of {@code Duration} from a number of seconds.
1012      *
1013      * @param seconds  the number of seconds, up to scale 9, positive or negative
1014      * @return a {@code Duration}, not null
1015      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1016      */
create(BigDecimal seconds)1017     private static Duration create(BigDecimal seconds) {
1018         BigInteger nanos = seconds.movePointRight(9).toBigIntegerExact();
1019         BigInteger[] divRem = nanos.divideAndRemainder(BI_NANOS_PER_SECOND);
1020         if (divRem[0].bitLength() > 63) {
1021             throw new ArithmeticException("Exceeds capacity of Duration: " + nanos);
1022         }
1023         return ofSeconds(divRem[0].longValue(), divRem[1].intValue());
1024     }
1025 
1026     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1027     /**
1028      * Returns a copy of this duration with the length negated.
1029      * <p>
1030      * This method swaps the sign of the total length of this duration.
1031      * For example, {@code PT1.3S} will be returned as {@code PT-1.3S}.
1032      * <p>
1033      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1034      *
1035      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the amount negated, not null
1036      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1037      */
negated()1038     public Duration negated() {
1039         return multipliedBy(-1);
1040     }
1041 
1042     /**
1043      * Returns a copy of this duration with a positive length.
1044      * <p>
1045      * This method returns a positive duration by effectively removing the sign from any negative total length.
1046      * For example, {@code PT-1.3S} will be returned as {@code PT1.3S}.
1047      * <p>
1048      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1049      *
1050      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with an absolute length, not null
1051      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1052      */
abs()1053     public Duration abs() {
1054         return isNegative() ? negated() : this;
1055     }
1056 
1057     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1058     /**
1059      * Adds this duration to the specified temporal object.
1060      * <p>
1061      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
1062      * with this duration added.
1063      * <p>
1064      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
1065      * {@link Temporal#plus(TemporalAmount)}.
1066      * <pre>
1067      *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
1068      *   dateTime = thisDuration.addTo(dateTime);
1069      *   dateTime = dateTime.plus(thisDuration);
1070      * </pre>
1071      * <p>
1072      * The calculation will add the seconds, then nanos.
1073      * Only non-zero amounts will be added.
1074      * <p>
1075      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1076      *
1077      * @param temporal  the temporal object to adjust, not null
1078      * @return an object of the same type with the adjustment made, not null
1079      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to add
1080      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1081      */
1082     @Override
addTo(Temporal temporal)1083     public Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal) {
1084         if (seconds != 0) {
1085             temporal = temporal.plus(seconds, SECONDS);
1086         }
1087         if (nanos != 0) {
1088             temporal = temporal.plus(nanos, NANOS);
1089         }
1090         return temporal;
1091     }
1092 
1093     /**
1094      * Subtracts this duration from the specified temporal object.
1095      * <p>
1096      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
1097      * with this duration subtracted.
1098      * <p>
1099      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
1100      * {@link Temporal#minus(TemporalAmount)}.
1101      * <pre>
1102      *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
1103      *   dateTime = thisDuration.subtractFrom(dateTime);
1104      *   dateTime = dateTime.minus(thisDuration);
1105      * </pre>
1106      * <p>
1107      * The calculation will subtract the seconds, then nanos.
1108      * Only non-zero amounts will be added.
1109      * <p>
1110      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1111      *
1112      * @param temporal  the temporal object to adjust, not null
1113      * @return an object of the same type with the adjustment made, not null
1114      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to subtract
1115      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1116      */
1117     @Override
subtractFrom(Temporal temporal)1118     public Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal) {
1119         if (seconds != 0) {
1120             temporal = temporal.minus(seconds, SECONDS);
1121         }
1122         if (nanos != 0) {
1123             temporal = temporal.minus(nanos, NANOS);
1124         }
1125         return temporal;
1126     }
1127 
1128     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1129     /**
1130      * Gets the number of days in this duration.
1131      * <p>
1132      * This returns the total number of days in the duration by dividing the
1133      * number of seconds by 86400.
1134      * This is based on the standard definition of a day as 24 hours.
1135      * <p>
1136      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1137      *
1138      * @return the number of days in the duration, may be negative
1139      */
toDays()1140     public long toDays() {
1141         return seconds / SECONDS_PER_DAY;
1142     }
1143 
1144     /**
1145      * Gets the number of hours in this duration.
1146      * <p>
1147      * This returns the total number of hours in the duration by dividing the
1148      * number of seconds by 3600.
1149      * <p>
1150      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1151      *
1152      * @return the number of hours in the duration, may be negative
1153      */
toHours()1154     public long toHours() {
1155         return seconds / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
1156     }
1157 
1158     /**
1159      * Gets the number of minutes in this duration.
1160      * <p>
1161      * This returns the total number of minutes in the duration by dividing the
1162      * number of seconds by 60.
1163      * <p>
1164      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1165      *
1166      * @return the number of minutes in the duration, may be negative
1167      */
toMinutes()1168     public long toMinutes() {
1169         return seconds / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
1170     }
1171 
1172     /**
1173      * Gets the number of seconds in this duration.
1174      * <p>
1175      * This returns the total number of whole seconds in the duration.
1176      * <p>
1177      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1178      *
1179      * @return the whole seconds part of the length of the duration, positive or negative
1180      * @since 9
1181      */
toSeconds()1182     public long toSeconds() {
1183         return seconds;
1184     }
1185 
1186     /**
1187      * Converts this duration to the total length in milliseconds.
1188      * <p>
1189      * If this duration is too large to fit in a {@code long} milliseconds, then an
1190      * exception is thrown.
1191      * <p>
1192      * If this duration has greater than millisecond precision, then the conversion
1193      * will drop any excess precision information as though the amount in nanoseconds
1194      * was subject to integer division by one million.
1195      *
1196      * @return the total length of the duration in milliseconds
1197      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1198      */
toMillis()1199     public long toMillis() {
1200         long millis = Math.multiplyExact(seconds, 1000);
1201         millis = Math.addExact(millis, nanos / 1000_000);
1202         return millis;
1203     }
1204 
1205     /**
1206      * Converts this duration to the total length in nanoseconds expressed as a {@code long}.
1207      * <p>
1208      * If this duration is too large to fit in a {@code long} nanoseconds, then an
1209      * exception is thrown.
1210      *
1211      * @return the total length of the duration in nanoseconds
1212      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1213      */
toNanos()1214     public long toNanos() {
1215         long totalNanos = Math.multiplyExact(seconds, NANOS_PER_SECOND);
1216         totalNanos = Math.addExact(totalNanos, nanos);
1217         return totalNanos;
1218     }
1219 
1220     /**
1221      * Extracts the number of days in the duration.
1222      * <p>
1223      * This returns the total number of days in the duration by dividing the
1224      * number of seconds by 86400.
1225      * This is based on the standard definition of a day as 24 hours.
1226      * <p>
1227      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1228      *
1229      * @return the number of days in the duration, may be negative
1230      * @since 9
1231      */
toDaysPart()1232     public long toDaysPart(){
1233         return seconds / SECONDS_PER_DAY;
1234     }
1235 
1236     /**
1237      * Extracts the number of hours part in the duration.
1238      * <p>
1239      * This returns the number of remaining hours when dividing {@link #toHours}
1240      * by hours in a day.
1241      * This is based on the standard definition of a day as 24 hours.
1242      * <p>
1243      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1244      *
1245      * @return the number of hours part in the duration, may be negative
1246      * @since 9
1247      */
toHoursPart()1248     public int toHoursPart(){
1249         return (int) (toHours() % 24);
1250     }
1251 
1252     /**
1253      * Extracts the number of minutes part in the duration.
1254      * <p>
1255      * This returns the number of remaining minutes when dividing {@link #toMinutes}
1256      * by minutes in an hour.
1257      * This is based on the standard definition of an hour as 60 minutes.
1258      * <p>
1259      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1260      *
1261      * @return the number of minutes parts in the duration, may be negative
1262      * @since 9
1263      */
toMinutesPart()1264     public int toMinutesPart(){
1265         return (int) (toMinutes() % MINUTES_PER_HOUR);
1266     }
1267 
1268     /**
1269      * Extracts the number of seconds part in the duration.
1270      * <p>
1271      * This returns the remaining seconds when dividing {@link #toSeconds}
1272      * by seconds in a minute.
1273      * This is based on the standard definition of a minute as 60 seconds.
1274      * <p>
1275      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1276      *
1277      * @return the number of seconds parts in the duration, may be negative
1278      * @since 9
1279      */
toSecondsPart()1280     public int toSecondsPart(){
1281         return (int) (seconds % SECONDS_PER_MINUTE);
1282     }
1283 
1284     /**
1285      * Extracts the number of milliseconds part of the duration.
1286      * <p>
1287      * This returns the milliseconds part by dividing the number of nanoseconds by 1,000,000.
1288      * The length of the duration is stored using two fields - seconds and nanoseconds.
1289      * The nanoseconds part is a value from 0 to 999,999,999 that is an adjustment to
1290      * the length in seconds.
1291      * The total duration is defined by calling {@link #getNano()} and {@link #getSeconds()}.
1292      * <p>
1293      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1294      *
1295      * @return the number of milliseconds part of the duration.
1296      * @since 9
1297      */
toMillisPart()1298     public int toMillisPart(){
1299         return nanos / 1000_000;
1300     }
1301 
1302     /**
1303      * Get the nanoseconds part within seconds of the duration.
1304      * <p>
1305      * The length of the duration is stored using two fields - seconds and nanoseconds.
1306      * The nanoseconds part is a value from 0 to 999,999,999 that is an adjustment to
1307      * the length in seconds.
1308      * The total duration is defined by calling {@link #getNano()} and {@link #getSeconds()}.
1309      * <p>
1310      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1311      *
1312      * @return the nanoseconds within the second part of the length of the duration, from 0 to 999,999,999
1313      * @since 9
1314      */
toNanosPart()1315     public int toNanosPart(){
1316         return nanos;
1317     }
1318 
1319 
1320     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1321     /**
1322      * Returns a copy of this {@code Duration} truncated to the specified unit.
1323      * <p>
1324      * Truncating the duration returns a copy of the original with conceptual fields
1325      * smaller than the specified unit set to zero.
1326      * For example, truncating with the {@link ChronoUnit#MINUTES MINUTES} unit will
1327      * round down towards zero to the nearest minute, setting the seconds and
1328      * nanoseconds to zero.
1329      * <p>
1330      * The unit must have a {@linkplain TemporalUnit#getDuration() duration}
1331      * that divides into the length of a standard day without remainder.
1332      * This includes all
1333      * {@linkplain ChronoUnit#isTimeBased() time-based units on {@code ChronoUnit}}
1334      * and {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS}. Other ChronoUnits throw an exception.
1335      * <p>
1336      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1337      *
1338      * @param unit the unit to truncate to, not null
1339      * @return a {@code Duration} based on this duration with the time truncated, not null
1340      * @throws DateTimeException if the unit is invalid for truncation
1341      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
1342      * @since 9
1343      */
truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit)1344     public Duration truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit) {
1345         Objects.requireNonNull(unit, "unit");
1346         if (unit == ChronoUnit.SECONDS && (seconds >= 0 || nanos == 0)) {
1347             return new Duration(seconds, 0);
1348         } else if (unit == ChronoUnit.NANOS) {
1349             return this;
1350         }
1351         Duration unitDur = unit.getDuration();
1352         if (unitDur.getSeconds() > LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY) {
1353             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unit is too large to be used for truncation");
1354         }
1355         long dur = unitDur.toNanos();
1356         if ((LocalTime.NANOS_PER_DAY % dur) != 0) {
1357             throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unit must divide into a standard day without remainder");
1358         }
1359         long nod = (seconds % LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY) * LocalTime.NANOS_PER_SECOND + nanos;
1360         long result = (nod / dur) * dur;
1361         return plusNanos(result - nod);
1362     }
1363 
1364     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1365     /**
1366      * Compares this duration to the specified {@code Duration}.
1367      * <p>
1368      * The comparison is based on the total length of the durations.
1369      * It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
1370      *
1371      * @param otherDuration the other duration to compare to, not null
1372      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
1373      */
1374     @Override
compareTo(Duration otherDuration)1375     public int compareTo(Duration otherDuration) {
1376         int cmp = Long.compare(seconds, otherDuration.seconds);
1377         if (cmp != 0) {
1378             return cmp;
1379         }
1380         return nanos - otherDuration.nanos;
1381     }
1382 
1383     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1384     /**
1385      * Checks if this duration is equal to the specified {@code Duration}.
1386      * <p>
1387      * The comparison is based on the total length of the durations.
1388      *
1389      * @param other the other duration, null returns false
1390      * @return true if the other duration is equal to this one
1391      */
1392     @Override
equals(Object other)1393     public boolean equals(Object other) {
1394         if (this == other) {
1395             return true;
1396         }
1397         return (other instanceof Duration otherDuration)
1398                 && this.seconds == otherDuration.seconds
1399                 && this.nanos == otherDuration.nanos;
1400     }
1401 
1402     /**
1403      * A hash code for this duration.
1404      *
1405      * @return a suitable hash code
1406      */
1407     @Override
hashCode()1408     public int hashCode() {
1409         return ((int) (seconds ^ (seconds >>> 32))) + (51 * nanos);
1410     }
1411 
1412     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1413     /**
1414      * A string representation of this duration using ISO-8601 seconds
1415      * based representation, such as {@code PT8H6M12.345S}.
1416      * <p>
1417      * The format of the returned string will be {@code PTnHnMnS}, where n is
1418      * the relevant hours, minutes or seconds part of the duration.
1419      * Any fractional seconds are placed after a decimal point in the seconds section.
1420      * If a section has a zero value, it is omitted.
1421      * The hours, minutes and seconds will all have the same sign.
1422      * <p>
1423      * Examples:
1424      * <pre>
1425      *    "20.345 seconds"                 -- "PT20.345S
1426      *    "15 minutes" (15 * 60 seconds)   -- "PT15M"
1427      *    "10 hours" (10 * 3600 seconds)   -- "PT10H"
1428      *    "2 days" (2 * 86400 seconds)     -- "PT48H"
1429      * </pre>
1430      * Note that multiples of 24 hours are not output as days to avoid confusion
1431      * with {@code Period}.
1432      *
1433      * @return an ISO-8601 representation of this duration, not null
1434      */
1435     @Override
toString()1436     public String toString() {
1437         if (this == ZERO) {
1438             return "PT0S";
1439         }
1440         long hours = seconds / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
1441         int minutes = (int) ((seconds % SECONDS_PER_HOUR) / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE);
1442         int secs = (int) (seconds % SECONDS_PER_MINUTE);
1443         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(24);
1444         buf.append("PT");
1445         if (hours != 0) {
1446             buf.append(hours).append('H');
1447         }
1448         if (minutes != 0) {
1449             buf.append(minutes).append('M');
1450         }
1451         if (secs == 0 && nanos == 0 && buf.length() > 2) {
1452             return buf.toString();
1453         }
1454         if (secs < 0 && nanos > 0) {
1455             if (secs == -1) {
1456                 buf.append("-0");
1457             } else {
1458                 buf.append(secs + 1);
1459             }
1460         } else {
1461             buf.append(secs);
1462         }
1463         if (nanos > 0) {
1464             int pos = buf.length();
1465             if (secs < 0) {
1466                 buf.append(2 * NANOS_PER_SECOND - nanos);
1467             } else {
1468                 buf.append(nanos + NANOS_PER_SECOND);
1469             }
1470             while (buf.charAt(buf.length() - 1) == '0') {
1471                 buf.setLength(buf.length() - 1);
1472             }
1473             buf.setCharAt(pos, '.');
1474         }
1475         buf.append('S');
1476         return buf.toString();
1477     }
1478 
1479     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1480     /**
1481      * Writes the object using a
1482      * <a href="{@docRoot}/serialized-form.html#java.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
1483      * @serialData
1484      * <pre>
1485      *  out.writeByte(1);  // identifies a Duration
1486      *  out.writeLong(seconds);
1487      *  out.writeInt(nanos);
1488      * </pre>
1489      *
1490      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
1491      */
1492     @java.io.Serial
writeReplace()1493     private Object writeReplace() {
1494         return new Ser(Ser.DURATION_TYPE, this);
1495     }
1496 
1497     /**
1498      * Defend against malicious streams.
1499      *
1500      * @param s the stream to read
1501      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
1502      */
1503     @java.io.Serial
readObject(ObjectInputStream s)1504     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
1505         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
1506     }
1507 
writeExternal(DataOutput out)1508     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
1509         out.writeLong(seconds);
1510         out.writeInt(nanos);
1511     }
1512 
readExternal(DataInput in)1513     static Duration readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
1514         long seconds = in.readLong();
1515         int nanos = in.readInt();
1516         return Duration.ofSeconds(seconds, nanos);
1517     }
1518 
1519 }
1520