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1 /*
2  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
4  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5  * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
8  *
9  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10  *
11  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15  * limitations under the License.
16  */
17 package org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect;
18 
19 import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
20 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
21 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
22 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
23 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
24 
25 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
26 
27 /**
28  * Contains common code for working with {@link java.lang.reflect.Method Methods}/{@link java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructors},
29  * extracted and refactored from {@link MethodUtils} when it was imported from Commons BeanUtils.
30  *
31  * @since 2.5
32  */
33 final class MemberUtils {
34     // TODO extract an interface to implement compareParameterSets(...)?
35 
36     private static final int ACCESS_TEST = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PROTECTED | Modifier.PRIVATE;
37 
38     /** Array of primitive number types ordered by "promotability" */
39     private static final Class<?>[] ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = { Byte.TYPE, Short.TYPE,
40             Character.TYPE, Integer.TYPE, Long.TYPE, Float.TYPE, Double.TYPE };
41 
42     /**
43      * Default access superclass workaround.
44      *
45      * When a {@code public} class has a default access superclass with {@code public} members,
46      * these members are accessible. Calling them from compiled code works fine.
47      * Unfortunately, on some JVMs, using reflection to invoke these members
48      * seems to (wrongly) prevent access even when the modifier is {@code public}.
49      * Calling {@code setAccessible(true)} solves the problem but will only work from
50      * sufficiently privileged code. Better workarounds would be gratefully
51      * accepted.
52      * @param obj the AccessibleObject to set as accessible
53      * @return a boolean indicating whether the accessibility of the object was set to true.
54      */
setAccessibleWorkaround(final T obj)55     static <T extends AccessibleObject> T setAccessibleWorkaround(final T obj) {
56         if (obj == null || obj.isAccessible()) {
57             return obj;
58         }
59         final Member m = (Member) obj;
60         if (!obj.isAccessible() && isPublic(m) && isPackageAccess(m.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
61             try {
62                 obj.setAccessible(true);
63                 return obj;
64             } catch (final SecurityException ignored) {
65                 // ignore in favor of subsequent IllegalAccessException
66             }
67         }
68         return obj;
69     }
70 
71     /**
72      * Tests whether a given set of modifiers implies package access.
73      * @param modifiers to test
74      * @return {@code true} unless {@code package}/{@code protected}/{@code private} modifier detected
75      */
isPackageAccess(final int modifiers)76     static boolean isPackageAccess(final int modifiers) {
77         return (modifiers & ACCESS_TEST) == 0;
78     }
79 
80     /**
81      * Tests whether a {@link Member} is public.
82      * @param member Member to test
83      * @return {@code true} if {@code m} is public
84      */
isPublic(final Member member)85     static boolean isPublic(final Member member) {
86         return member != null && Modifier.isPublic(member.getModifiers());
87     }
88 
89     /**
90      * Tests whether a {@link Member} is static.
91      * @param member Member to test
92      * @return {@code true} if {@code m} is static
93      */
isStatic(final Member member)94     static boolean isStatic(final Member member) {
95         return member != null && Modifier.isStatic(member.getModifiers());
96     }
97 
98     /**
99      * Tests whether a {@link Member} is accessible.
100      * @param member Member to test
101      * @return {@code true} if {@code m} is accessible
102      */
isAccessible(final Member member)103     static boolean isAccessible(final Member member) {
104         return isPublic(member) && !member.isSynthetic();
105     }
106 
107     /**
108      * Compares the relative fitness of two Constructors in terms of how well they
109      * match a set of runtime parameter types, such that a list ordered
110      * by the results of the comparison would return the best match first
111      * (least).
112      *
113      * @param left the "left" Constructor
114      * @param right the "right" Constructor
115      * @param actual the runtime parameter types to match against
116      * {@code left}/{@code right}
117      * @return int consistent with {@code compare} semantics
118      * @since 3.5
119      */
compareConstructorFit(final Constructor<?> left, final Constructor<?> right, final Class<?>[] actual)120     static int compareConstructorFit(final Constructor<?> left, final Constructor<?> right, final Class<?>[] actual) {
121       return compareParameterTypes(Executable.of(left), Executable.of(right), actual);
122     }
123 
124     /**
125      * Compares the relative fitness of two Methods in terms of how well they
126      * match a set of runtime parameter types, such that a list ordered
127      * by the results of the comparison would return the best match first
128      * (least).
129      *
130      * @param left the "left" Method
131      * @param right the "right" Method
132      * @param actual the runtime parameter types to match against
133      * {@code left}/{@code right}
134      * @return int consistent with {@code compare} semantics
135      * @since 3.5
136      */
compareMethodFit(final Method left, final Method right, final Class<?>[] actual)137     static int compareMethodFit(final Method left, final Method right, final Class<?>[] actual) {
138       return compareParameterTypes(Executable.of(left), Executable.of(right), actual);
139     }
140 
141     /**
142      * Compares the relative fitness of two Executables in terms of how well they
143      * match a set of runtime parameter types, such that a list ordered
144      * by the results of the comparison would return the best match first
145      * (least).
146      *
147      * @param left the "left" Executable
148      * @param right the "right" Executable
149      * @param actual the runtime parameter types to match against
150      * {@code left}/{@code right}
151      * @return int consistent with {@code compare} semantics
152      */
compareParameterTypes(final Executable left, final Executable right, final Class<?>[] actual)153     private static int compareParameterTypes(final Executable left, final Executable right, final Class<?>[] actual) {
154         final float leftCost = getTotalTransformationCost(actual, left);
155         final float rightCost = getTotalTransformationCost(actual, right);
156         return Float.compare(leftCost, rightCost);
157     }
158 
159     /**
160      * Returns the sum of the object transformation cost for each class in the
161      * source argument list.
162      * @param srcArgs The source arguments
163      * @param executable The executable to calculate transformation costs for
164      * @return The total transformation cost
165      */
getTotalTransformationCost(final Class<?>[] srcArgs, final Executable executable)166     private static float getTotalTransformationCost(final Class<?>[] srcArgs, final Executable executable) {
167         final Class<?>[] destArgs = executable.getParameterTypes();
168         final boolean isVarArgs = executable.isVarArgs();
169 
170         // "source" and "destination" are the actual and declared args respectively.
171         float totalCost = 0.0f;
172         final long normalArgsLen = isVarArgs ? destArgs.length - 1 : destArgs.length;
173         if (srcArgs.length < normalArgsLen) {
174             return Float.MAX_VALUE;
175         }
176         for (int i = 0; i < normalArgsLen; i++) {
177             totalCost += getObjectTransformationCost(srcArgs[i], destArgs[i]);
178         }
179         if (isVarArgs) {
180             // When isVarArgs is true, srcArgs and dstArgs may differ in length.
181             // There are two special cases to consider:
182             final boolean noVarArgsPassed = srcArgs.length < destArgs.length;
183             final boolean explicitArrayForVarargs = srcArgs.length == destArgs.length && srcArgs[srcArgs.length - 1] != null
184                 && srcArgs[srcArgs.length - 1].isArray();
185 
186             final float varArgsCost = 0.001f;
187             final Class<?> destClass = destArgs[destArgs.length - 1].getComponentType();
188             if (noVarArgsPassed) {
189                 // When no varargs passed, the best match is the most generic matching type, not the most specific.
190                 totalCost += getObjectTransformationCost(destClass, Object.class) + varArgsCost;
191             } else if (explicitArrayForVarargs) {
192                 final Class<?> sourceClass = srcArgs[srcArgs.length - 1].getComponentType();
193                 totalCost += getObjectTransformationCost(sourceClass, destClass) + varArgsCost;
194             } else {
195                 // This is typical varargs case.
196                 for (int i = destArgs.length - 1; i < srcArgs.length; i++) {
197                     final Class<?> srcClass = srcArgs[i];
198                     totalCost += getObjectTransformationCost(srcClass, destClass) + varArgsCost;
199                 }
200             }
201         }
202         return totalCost;
203     }
204 
205     /**
206      * Gets the number of steps needed to turn the source class into
207      * the destination class. This represents the number of steps in the object
208      * hierarchy graph.
209      * @param srcClass The source class
210      * @param destClass The destination class
211      * @return The cost of transforming an object
212      */
213     private static float getObjectTransformationCost(Class<?> srcClass, final Class<?> destClass) {
214         if (destClass.isPrimitive()) {
215             return getPrimitivePromotionCost(srcClass, destClass);
216         }
217         float cost = 0.0f;
218         while (srcClass != null && !destClass.equals(srcClass)) {
219             if (destClass.isInterface() && ClassUtils.isAssignable(srcClass, destClass)) {
220                 // slight penalty for interface match.
221                 // we still want an exact match to override an interface match,
222                 // but
223                 // an interface match should override anything where we have to
224                 // get a superclass.
225                 cost += 0.25f;
226                 break;
227             }
228             cost++;
229             srcClass = srcClass.getSuperclass();
230         }
231         /*
232          * If the destination class is null, we've traveled all the way up to
233          * an Object match. We'll penalize this by adding 1.5 to the cost.
234          */
235         if (srcClass == null) {
236             cost += 1.5f;
237         }
238         return cost;
239     }
240 
241     /**
242      * Gets the number of steps required to promote a primitive number to another
243      * type.
244      * @param srcClass the (primitive) source class
245      * @param destClass the (primitive) destination class
246      * @return The cost of promoting the primitive
247      */
248     private static float getPrimitivePromotionCost(final Class<?> srcClass, final Class<?> destClass) {
249         if (srcClass == null) {
250             return 1.5f;
251         }
252         float cost = 0.0f;
253         Class<?> cls = srcClass;
254         if (!cls.isPrimitive()) {
255             // slight unwrapping penalty
256             cost += 0.1f;
257             cls = ClassUtils.wrapperToPrimitive(cls);
258         }
259         for (int i = 0; cls != destClass && i < ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.length; i++) {
260             if (cls == ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[i]) {
261                 cost += 0.1f;
262                 if (i < ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.length - 1) {
263                     cls = ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[i + 1];
264                 }
265             }
266         }
267         return cost;
268     }
269 
270     static boolean isMatchingMethod(final Method method, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
271       return isMatchingExecutable(Executable.of(method), parameterTypes);
272     }
273 
274     static boolean isMatchingConstructor(final Constructor<?> method, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
275       return isMatchingExecutable(Executable.of(method), parameterTypes);
276     }
277 
278     private static boolean isMatchingExecutable(final Executable method, final Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
279         final Class<?>[] methodParameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
280         if (ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes, methodParameterTypes, true)) {
281             return true;
282         }
283 
284         if (method.isVarArgs()) {
285             int i;
286             for (i = 0; i < methodParameterTypes.length - 1 && i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
287                 if (!ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes[i], methodParameterTypes[i], true)) {
288                     return false;
289                 }
290             }
291             final Class<?> varArgParameterType = methodParameterTypes[methodParameterTypes.length - 1].getComponentType();
292             for (; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
293                 if (!ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes[i], varArgParameterType, true)) {
294                     return false;
295                 }
296             }
297             return true;
298         }
299 
300         return false;
301     }
302 
303     /**
304      *  A class providing a subset of the API of java.lang.reflect.Executable in Java 1.8,
305      * providing a common representation for function signatures for Constructors and Methods.
306      */
307     private static final class Executable {
308       private final Class<?>[] parameterTypes;
309       private final boolean  isVarArgs;
310 
311       private static Executable of(final Method method) {
312           return new Executable(method);
313       }
314 
315       private static Executable of(final Constructor<?> constructor) {
316           return new Executable(constructor);
317       }
318 
319       private Executable(final Method method) {
320         parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
321         isVarArgs = method.isVarArgs();
322       }
323 
324       private Executable(final Constructor<?> constructor) {
325         parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
326         isVarArgs = constructor.isVarArgs();
327       }
328 
329       public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
330           return parameterTypes;
331       }
332 
333       public boolean isVarArgs() {
334           return isVarArgs;
335       }
336     }
337 
338 }
339