xref: /art/runtime/class_loader_context.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_CLASS_LOADER_CONTEXT_H_
#define ART_RUNTIME_CLASS_LOADER_CONTEXT_H_

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <set>

#include "arch/instruction_set.h"
#include "base/dchecked_vector.h"
#include "dex/dex_file.h"
#include "handle_scope.h"
#include "mirror/class_loader.h"
#include "oat_file.h"
#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"

namespace art {

class DexFile;
class OatFile;

// Utility class which holds the class loader context used during compilation/verification.
class ClassLoaderContext {
 public:
  enum class VerificationResult {
    kVerifies,
    kMismatch,
  };

  enum ClassLoaderType {
    kInvalidClassLoader = 0,
    kPathClassLoader = 1,
    kDelegateLastClassLoader = 2,
    kInMemoryDexClassLoader = 3
  };

  // Special encoding used to denote a foreign ClassLoader was found when trying to encode class
  // loader contexts for each classpath element in a ClassLoader. See
  // EncodeClassPathContextsForClassLoader. Keep in sync with PackageDexUsage in the framework
  // (frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/dex/PackageDexUsage.java) and
  // DexUseManager in ART Services
  // (art/libartservice/service/java/com/android/server/art/DexUseManager.java).
  static constexpr const char* kUnsupportedClassLoaderContextEncoding =
      "=UnsupportedClassLoaderContext=";

  ~ClassLoaderContext();

  // Opens requested class path files and appends them to ClassLoaderInfo::opened_dex_files.
  // If the dex files have been stripped, the method opens them from their oat files which are added
  // to ClassLoaderInfo::opened_oat_files. The 'classpath_dir' argument specifies the directory to
  // use for the relative class paths.
  // Returns true if all dex files where successfully opened.
  // It may be called only once per ClassLoaderContext. Subsequent calls will return the same
  // result without doing anything.
  // If `context_fds` is an empty vector, files will be opened using the class path locations as
  // filenames. Otherwise `context_fds` is expected to contain file descriptors to class path dex
  // files, following the order of dex file locations in a flattened class loader context. If their
  // number (size of `context_fds`) does not match the number of dex files, OpenDexFiles will fail.
  //
  // This will replace the class path locations with the locations of the opened dex files.
  // (Note that one dex file can contain multidexes. Each multidex will be added to the classpath
  // separately.)
  //
  // only_read_checksums controls whether or not we only read the dex locations and the checksums
  // from the apk instead of fully opening the dex files.
  //
  // This method is not thread safe.
  //
  // Note that a "false" return could mean that either an apk/jar contained no dex files or
  // that we hit a I/O or checksum mismatch error.
  // TODO(calin): Currently there's no easy way to tell the difference.
  //
  // TODO(calin): we're forced to complicate the flow in this class with a different
  // OpenDexFiles step because the current dex2oat flow requires the dex files be opened before
  // the class loader is created. Consider reworking the dex2oat part.
  bool OpenDexFiles(const std::string& classpath_dir = "",
                    const std::vector<int>& context_fds = std::vector<int>(),
                    bool only_read_checksums = false);

  // Remove the specified compilation sources from all classpaths present in this context.
  // Should only be called before the first call to OpenDexFiles().
  bool RemoveLocationsFromClassPaths(const dchecked_vector<std::string>& compilation_sources);

  // Creates the entire class loader hierarchy according to the current context.
  // Returns the first class loader from the chain.
  //
  // For example: if the context was built from the spec
  // "ClassLoaderType1[ClasspathElem1:ClasspathElem2...];ClassLoaderType2[...]..."
  // the method returns the class loader correponding to ClassLoader1. The parent chain will be
  // ClassLoader1 --> ClassLoader2 --> ... --> BootClassLoader.
  //
  // The compilation sources are appended to the classpath of the first class loader (in the above
  // example ClassLoader1).
  //
  // If the context is empty, this method only creates a single PathClassLoader with the
  // given compilation_sources.
  //
  // Shared libraries found in the chain will be canonicalized based on the dex files they
  // contain.
  //
  // Implementation notes:
  //   1) the objects are not completely set up. Do not use this outside of tests and the compiler.
  //   2) should only be called before the first call to OpenDexFiles().
  jobject CreateClassLoader(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& compilation_sources) const;

  // Encodes the context as a string suitable to be added in oat files.
  // (so that it can be read and verified at runtime against the actual class
  // loader hierarchy).
  // Should only be called if OpenDexFiles() returned true.
  // If stored context is non-null, the stored names are overwritten by the class path from the
  // stored context.
  // E.g. if the context is PCL[a.dex:b.dex] this will return
  // "PCL[a.dex*a_checksum*b.dex*a_checksum]".
  std::string EncodeContextForOatFile(const std::string& base_dir,
                                      ClassLoaderContext* stored_context = nullptr) const;

  // Encodes the context as a string suitable to be passed to dex2oat.
  // This is the same as EncodeContextForOatFile but without adding the checksums
  // and only adding each dex files once (no multidex).
  // Should only be called if OpenDexFiles() returned true.
  std::string EncodeContextForDex2oat(const std::string& base_dir) const;

  // Encodes the contexts for each of the classpath elements in the child-most
  // classloader. Under the hood EncodeContextForDex2oat is used, so no checksums
  // will be encoded.
  // Should only be called if the dex files are opened (either via OpenDexFiles() or by creating the
  // context from a live class loader).
  // Notably, for each classpath element the encoded classloader context will contain only the
  // elements that appear before it in the containing classloader. E.g. if `this` contains
  // (from child to parent):
  //
  // PathClassLoader { multidex.apk!classes.dex, multidex.apk!classes2.dex, foo.dex, bar.dex } ->
  //    PathClassLoader { baz.dex } -> BootClassLoader
  //
  // then the return value will look like:
  //
  // `{ "multidex.apk": "PCL[];PCL[baz.dex]",
  //    "foo.dex"     : "PCL[multidex.apk];PCL[baz.dex]",
  //    "bar.dex"     : "PCL[multidex.apk:foo.dex];PCL[baz.dex]" }`
  std::map<std::string, std::string> EncodeClassPathContexts(const std::string& base_dir) const;

  // Flattens the opened dex files into the given vector.
  // Should only be called if OpenDexFiles() returned true.
  std::vector<const DexFile*> FlattenOpenedDexFiles() const;

  // Return a list of dex file locations from this class loader context after flattening.
  std::vector<std::string> FlattenDexPaths() const;

  // Verifies that the current context is identical to the context encoded as `context_spec`.
  // Identical means:
  //    - the number and type of the class loaders from the chain matches
  //    - the class loader from the same position have the same classpath
  //      (the order and checksum of the dex files matches)
  // This should be called after OpenDexFiles() with only_read_checksums=true. There's no
  // need to fully open the dex files if the only thing that needs to be done is to verify
  // the context.
  //
  // Names are only verified if verify_names is true.
  // Checksums are only verified if verify_checksums is true.
  VerificationResult VerifyClassLoaderContextMatch(const std::string& context_spec,
                                                   bool verify_names = true,
                                                   bool verify_checksums = true) const;

  // Checks if any of the given dex files is already loaded in the current class loader context.
  // It only checks the first class loader.
  // Returns the list of duplicate dex files (empty if there are no duplicates).
  std::set<const DexFile*> CheckForDuplicateDexFiles(
      const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files);

  // Creates the class loader context from the given string.
  // The format: ClassLoaderType1[ClasspathElem1:ClasspathElem2...];ClassLoaderType2[...]...
  // ClassLoaderType is either "PCL" (PathClassLoader) or "DLC" (DelegateLastClassLoader).
  // ClasspathElem is the path of dex/jar/apk file.
  //
  // The spec represents a class loader chain with the natural interpretation:
  // ClassLoader1 has ClassLoader2 as parent which has ClassLoader3 as a parent and so on.
  // The last class loader is assumed to have the BootClassLoader as a parent.
  //
  // Note that we allowed class loaders with an empty class path in order to support a custom
  // class loader for the source dex files.
  static std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderContext> Create(const std::string& spec);

  // Creates a context for the given class_loader and dex_elements.
  // The method will walk the parent chain starting from `class_loader` and add their dex files
  // to the current class loaders chain. The `dex_elements` will be added at the end of the
  // classpath belonging to the `class_loader` argument.
  // The ownership of the opened dex files will be retained by the given `class_loader`.
  // If there are errors in processing the class loader chain (e.g. unsupported elements) the
  // method returns null.
  static std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderContext> CreateContextForClassLoader(jobject class_loader,
                                                                         jobjectArray dex_elements);

  // Returns the default class loader context to be used when none is specified.
  // This will return a context with a single and empty PathClassLoader.
  static std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderContext> Default();

  // Encodes the contexts for each of the classpath elements in `class_loader`. See
  // ClassLoaderContext::EncodeClassPathContexts for more information about the return value.
  //
  // If `class_loader` does not derive from BaseDexClassLoader then an empty map is returned.
  // Otherwise if a foreign ClassLoader is found in the class loader chain then the results values
  // will all be ClassLoaderContext::kUnsupportedClassLoaderContextEncoding.
  static std::map<std::string, std::string> EncodeClassPathContextsForClassLoader(
      jobject class_loader);

  // Returns whether `encoded_class_loader_context` is a valid encoded ClassLoaderContext or
  // EncodedUnsupportedClassLoaderContext.
  static bool IsValidEncoding(const std::string& possible_encoded_class_loader_context);

  struct ClassLoaderInfo {
    // The type of this class loader.
    ClassLoaderType type;
    // Shared libraries this context has.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderInfo>> shared_libraries;
    // Shared libraries that will be loaded after apks code that this context has.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderInfo>> shared_libraries_after;
    // The list of class path elements that this loader loads.
    // Note that this list may contain relative paths.
    std::vector<std::string> classpath;
    // Original opened class path (ignoring multidex).
    std::vector<std::string> original_classpath;
    // The list of class path elements checksums.
    // May be empty if the checksums are not given when the context is created.
    std::vector<uint32_t> checksums;
    // After OpenDexFiles is called this holds the opened dex files.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> opened_dex_files;
    // After OpenDexFiles, in case some of the dex files were opened from their oat files
    // this holds the list of opened oat files.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OatFile>> opened_oat_files;
    // The parent class loader.
    std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderInfo> parent;

    explicit ClassLoaderInfo(ClassLoaderType cl_type) : type(cl_type) {}
  };

 private:
  // Creates an empty context (with no class loaders).
  ClassLoaderContext();

  // Get the parent of the class loader chain at depth `index`.
  ClassLoaderInfo* GetParent(size_t index) const {
    ClassLoaderInfo* result = class_loader_chain_.get();
    while ((result != nullptr) && (index-- != 0)) {
      result = result->parent.get();
    }
    return result;
  }

  size_t GetParentChainSize() const {
    size_t result = 0;
    ClassLoaderInfo* info = class_loader_chain_.get();
    while (info != nullptr) {
      ++result;
      info = info->parent.get();
    }
    return result;
  }

  // Constructs an empty context.
  // `owns_the_dex_files` specifies whether or not the context will own the opened dex files
  // present in the class loader chain. If `owns_the_dex_files` is true then OpenDexFiles cannot
  // be called on this context (dex_files_open_attempted_ and dex_files_open_result_ will be set
  // to true as well)
  explicit ClassLoaderContext(bool owns_the_dex_files);

  // Reads the class loader spec in place and returns true if the spec is valid and the
  // compilation context was constructed.
  bool Parse(const std::string& spec, bool parse_checksums = false);
  ClassLoaderInfo* ParseInternal(const std::string& spec, bool parse_checksums);

  // Attempts to parse a single class loader spec.
  // Returns the ClassLoaderInfo abstraction for this spec, or null if it cannot be parsed.
  std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderInfo> ParseClassLoaderSpec(
      const std::string& class_loader_spec,
      bool parse_checksums = false);

  // CHECKs that the dex files were opened (OpenDexFiles was called and set dex_files_open_result_
  // to true). Aborts if not. The `calling_method` is used in the log message to identify the source
  // of the call.
  void CheckDexFilesOpened(const std::string& calling_method) const;

  // Creates the `ClassLoaderInfo` representing`class_loader` and attach it to `this`.
  // The dex file present in `dex_elements` array (if not null) will be added at the end of
  // the classpath.
  bool CreateInfoFromClassLoader(ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable& soa,
                                 Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
                                 Handle<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>> dex_elements,
                                 ClassLoaderInfo* child_info,
                                 bool is_shared_library,
                                 bool is_after)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

  // Encodes the context as a string suitable to be passed to dex2oat or to be added to the
  // oat file as the class path key.
  // If for_dex2oat is true, the encoding adds each file once (i.e. it does not add multidex
  // location). Otherwise, for oat files, the encoding adds all the dex files (including multidex)
  // together with their checksums.
  // Should only be called if OpenDexFiles() returned true.
  std::string EncodeContext(const std::string& base_dir,
                            bool for_dex2oat,
                            ClassLoaderContext* stored_context) const;

  // Internal version of `EncodeContext`, which will be called recursively
  // on the parent and shared libraries.
  void EncodeContextInternal(const ClassLoaderInfo& info,
                             const std::string& base_dir,
                             bool for_dex2oat,
                             ClassLoaderInfo* stored_info,
                             std::ostringstream& out) const;

  // Encodes e.g. PCL[foo.dex:bar.dex]
  void EncodeClassPath(const std::string& base_dir,
                       const std::vector<std::string>& dex_locations,
                       const std::vector<uint32_t>& checksums,
                       ClassLoaderType type,
                       std::ostringstream& out) const;

  // Encodes the shared libraries classloaders and the parent classloader if
  // either are present in info, e.g. {PCL[foo.dex]#PCL[bar.dex]};PCL[baz.dex]
  void EncodeSharedLibAndParent(const ClassLoaderInfo& info,
                                const std::string& base_dir,
                                bool for_dex2oat,
                                ClassLoaderInfo* stored_info,
                                std::ostringstream& out) const;

  bool ClassLoaderInfoMatch(const ClassLoaderInfo& info,
                            const ClassLoaderInfo& expected_info,
                            const std::string& context_spec,
                            bool verify_names,
                            bool verify_checksums) const;

  // Extracts the class loader type from the given spec.
  // Return ClassLoaderContext::kInvalidClassLoader if the class loader type is not
  // recognized.
  static ClassLoaderType ExtractClassLoaderType(const std::string& class_loader_spec);

  // Returns the string representation of the class loader type.
  // The returned format can be used when parsing a context spec.
  static const char* GetClassLoaderTypeName(ClassLoaderType type);

  // Encodes the state of processing the dex files associated with the context.
  enum ContextDexFilesState {
    // The dex files are not opened.
    kDexFilesNotOpened = 1,
    // The dex checksums/locations were read from the apk/dex but the dex files were not opened.
    kDexFilesChecksumsRead = 2,
    // The dex files are opened (either because we called OpenDexFiles, or we used a class loader
    // to create the context). This implies kDexFilesChecksumsRead.
    kDexFilesOpened = 3,
    // We failed to open the dex files or read the checksums.
    kDexFilesOpenFailed = 4
  };

  // The class loader chain.
  std::unique_ptr<ClassLoaderInfo> class_loader_chain_;

  // The opening state of the dex files.
  ContextDexFilesState dex_files_state_;

  // Whether or not the context owns the opened dex and oat files.
  // If true, the opened dex files will be de-allocated when the context is destructed.
  // If false, the objects will continue to be alive.
  // Note that for convenience the the opened dex/oat files are stored as unique pointers
  // which will release their ownership in the destructor based on this flag.
  const bool owns_the_dex_files_;

  friend class ClassLoaderContextTest;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ClassLoaderContext);
};

}  // namespace art
#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_CLASS_LOADER_CONTEXT_H_