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1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
3  * Copyright (c) 1996, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
5  *
6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
9  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
10  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
11  *
12  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
13  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
14  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
15  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
16  * accompanied this code).
17  *
18  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
19  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
20  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
21  *
22  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
23  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
24  * questions.
25  */
26 
27 /*
28  * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996, 1997 - All Rights Reserved
29  * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 - 1998 - All Rights Reserved
30  *
31  *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted
32  * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These
33  * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent
34  * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International
35  * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
36  *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
37  *
38  */
39 
40 package java.text;
41 
42 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
43 import java.io.IOException;
44 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
45 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
46 import java.util.ArrayList;
47 import java.util.Arrays;
48 import java.util.Date;
49 import java.util.List;
50 import java.util.Locale;
51 
52 
53 /**
54  * {@code MessageFormat} provides a means to produce concatenated
55  * messages in a language-neutral way. Use this to construct messages
56  * displayed for end users.
57  *
58  * <p>
59  * {@code MessageFormat} takes a set of objects, formats them, then
60  * inserts the formatted strings into the pattern at the appropriate places.
61  *
62  * <p>
63  * <strong>Note:</strong>
64  * {@code MessageFormat} differs from the other {@code Format}
65  * classes in that you create a {@code MessageFormat} object with one
66  * of its constructors (not with a {@code getInstance} style factory
67  * method). The factory methods aren't necessary because {@code MessageFormat}
68  * itself doesn't implement locale specific behavior. Any locale specific
69  * behavior is defined by the pattern that you provide as well as the
70  * subformats used for inserted arguments.
71  *
72  * <h2><a id="patterns">Patterns and Their Interpretation</a></h2>
73  *
74  * {@code MessageFormat} uses patterns of the following form:
75  * <blockquote><pre>
76  * <i>MessageFormatPattern:</i>
77  *         <i>String</i>
78  *         <i>MessageFormatPattern</i> <i>FormatElement</i> <i>String</i>
79  *
80  * <i>FormatElement:</i>
81  *         { <i>ArgumentIndex</i> }
82  *         { <i>ArgumentIndex</i> , <i>FormatType</i> }
83  *         { <i>ArgumentIndex</i> , <i>FormatType</i> , <i>FormatStyle</i> }
84  *
85  * <i>FormatType: one of </i>
86  *         number date time choice
87  *
88  * <i>FormatStyle:</i>
89  *         short
90  *         medium
91  *         long
92  *         full
93  *         integer
94  *         currency
95  *         percent
96  *         <i>SubformatPattern</i>
97  * </pre></blockquote>
98  *
99  * <p>Within a <i>String</i>, a pair of single quotes can be used to
100  * quote any arbitrary characters except single quotes. For example,
101  * pattern string <code>"'{0}'"</code> represents string
102  * <code>"{0}"</code>, not a <i>FormatElement</i>. A single quote itself
103  * must be represented by doubled single quotes {@code ''} throughout a
104  * <i>String</i>.  For example, pattern string <code>"'{''}'"</code> is
105  * interpreted as a sequence of <code>'{</code> (start of quoting and a
106  * left curly brace), {@code ''} (a single quote), and
107  * <code>}'</code> (a right curly brace and end of quoting),
108  * <em>not</em> <code>'{'</code> and <code>'}'</code> (quoted left and
109  * right curly braces): representing string <code>"{'}"</code>,
110  * <em>not</em> <code>"{}"</code>.
111  *
112  * <p>A <i>SubformatPattern</i> is interpreted by its corresponding
113  * subformat, and subformat-dependent pattern rules apply. For example,
114  * pattern string <code>"{1,number,<u>$'#',##</u>}"</code>
115  * (<i>SubformatPattern</i> with underline) will produce a number format
116  * with the pound-sign quoted, with a result such as: {@code
117  * "$#31,45"}. Refer to each {@code Format} subclass documentation for
118  * details.
119  *
120  * <p>Any unmatched quote is treated as closed at the end of the given
121  * pattern. For example, pattern string {@code "'{0}"} is treated as
122  * pattern {@code "'{0}'"}.
123  *
124  * <p>Any curly braces within an unquoted pattern must be balanced. For
125  * example, <code>"ab {0} de"</code> and <code>"ab '}' de"</code> are
126  * valid patterns, but <code>"ab {0'}' de"</code>, <code>"ab } de"</code>
127  * and <code>"''{''"</code> are not.
128  *
129  * <dl><dt><b>Warning:</b><dd>The rules for using quotes within message
130  * format patterns unfortunately have shown to be somewhat confusing.
131  * In particular, it isn't always obvious to localizers whether single
132  * quotes need to be doubled or not. Make sure to inform localizers about
133  * the rules, and tell them (for example, by using comments in resource
134  * bundle source files) which strings will be processed by {@code MessageFormat}.
135  * Note that localizers may need to use single quotes in translated
136  * strings where the original version doesn't have them.
137  * </dl>
138  * <p>
139  * The <i>ArgumentIndex</i> value is a non-negative integer written
140  * using the digits {@code '0'} through {@code '9'}, and represents an index into the
141  * {@code arguments} array passed to the {@code format} methods
142  * or the result array returned by the {@code parse} methods.
143  * <p>
144  * The <i>FormatType</i> and <i>FormatStyle</i> values are used to create
145  * a {@code Format} instance for the format element. The following
146  * table shows how the values map to {@code Format} instances. Combinations not
147  * shown in the table are illegal. A <i>SubformatPattern</i> must
148  * be a valid pattern string for the {@code Format} subclass used.
149  *
150  * <table class="plain">
151  * <caption style="display:none">Shows how FormatType and FormatStyle values map to Format instances</caption>
152  * <thead>
153  *    <tr>
154  *       <th scope="col" class="TableHeadingColor">FormatType
155  *       <th scope="col" class="TableHeadingColor">FormatStyle
156  *       <th scope="col" class="TableHeadingColor">Subformat Created
157  * </thead>
158  * <tbody>
159  *    <tr>
160  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>(none)</i>
161  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>(none)</i>
162  *       <td>{@code null}
163  *    <tr>
164  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal" rowspan=5>{@code number}
165  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>(none)</i>
166  *       <td>{@link NumberFormat#getInstance(Locale) NumberFormat.getInstance}{@code (getLocale())}
167  *    <tr>
168  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code integer}
169  *       <td>{@link NumberFormat#getIntegerInstance(Locale) NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance}{@code (getLocale())}
170  *    <tr>
171  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code currency}
172  *       <td>{@link NumberFormat#getCurrencyInstance(Locale) NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance}{@code (getLocale())}
173  *    <tr>
174  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code percent}
175  *       <td>{@link NumberFormat#getPercentInstance(Locale) NumberFormat.getPercentInstance}{@code (getLocale())}
176  *    <tr>
177  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>SubformatPattern</i>
178  *       <td>{@code new} {@link DecimalFormat#DecimalFormat(String,DecimalFormatSymbols) DecimalFormat}{@code (subformatPattern,} {@link DecimalFormatSymbols#getInstance(Locale) DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance}{@code (getLocale()))}
179  *    <tr>
180  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal" rowspan=6>{@code date}
181  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>(none)</i>
182  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getDateInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getDateInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#DEFAULT}{@code , getLocale())}
183  *    <tr>
184  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code short}
185  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getDateInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getDateInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#SHORT}{@code , getLocale())}
186  *    <tr>
187  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code medium}
188  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getDateInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getDateInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#DEFAULT}{@code , getLocale())}
189  *    <tr>
190  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code long}
191  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getDateInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getDateInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#LONG}{@code , getLocale())}
192  *    <tr>
193  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code full}
194  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getDateInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getDateInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#FULL}{@code , getLocale())}
195  *    <tr>
196  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>SubformatPattern</i>
197  *       <td>{@code new} {@link SimpleDateFormat#SimpleDateFormat(String,Locale) SimpleDateFormat}{@code (subformatPattern, getLocale())}
198  *    <tr>
199  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal" rowspan=6>{@code time}
200  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>(none)</i>
201  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getTimeInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getTimeInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#DEFAULT}{@code , getLocale())}
202  *    <tr>
203  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code short}
204  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getTimeInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getTimeInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#SHORT}{@code , getLocale())}
205  *    <tr>
206  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code medium}
207  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getTimeInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getTimeInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#DEFAULT}{@code , getLocale())}
208  *    <tr>
209  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code long}
210  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getTimeInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getTimeInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#LONG}{@code , getLocale())}
211  *    <tr>
212  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code full}
213  *       <td>{@link DateFormat#getTimeInstance(int,Locale) DateFormat.getTimeInstance}{@code (}{@link DateFormat#FULL}{@code , getLocale())}
214  *    <tr>
215  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>SubformatPattern</i>
216  *       <td>{@code new} {@link SimpleDateFormat#SimpleDateFormat(String,Locale) SimpleDateFormat}{@code (subformatPattern, getLocale())}
217  *    <tr>
218  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal">{@code choice}
219  *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight: normal"><i>SubformatPattern</i>
220  *       <td>{@code new} {@link ChoiceFormat#ChoiceFormat(String) ChoiceFormat}{@code (subformatPattern)}
221  * </tbody>
222  * </table>
223  *
224  * <h3>Usage Information</h3>
225  *
226  * <p>
227  * Here are some examples of usage.
228  * In real internationalized programs, the message format pattern and other
229  * static strings will, of course, be obtained from resource bundles.
230  * Other parameters will be dynamically determined at runtime.
231  * <p>
232  * The first example uses the static method {@code MessageFormat.format},
233  * which internally creates a {@code MessageFormat} for one-time use:
234  * <blockquote><pre>
235  * int planet = 7;
236  * String event = "a disturbance in the Force";
237  *
238  * String result = MessageFormat.format(
239  *     "At {1,time} on {1,date}, there was {2} on planet {0,number,integer}.",
240  *     planet, new Date(), event);
241  * </pre></blockquote>
242  * The output is:
243  * <blockquote><pre>
244  * At 12:30 PM on Jul 3, 2053, there was a disturbance in the Force on planet 7.
245  * </pre></blockquote>
246  *
247  * <p>
248  * The following example creates a {@code MessageFormat} instance that
249  * can be used repeatedly:
250  * <blockquote><pre>
251  * int fileCount = 1273;
252  * String diskName = "MyDisk";
253  * Object[] testArgs = {new Long(fileCount), diskName};
254  *
255  * MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat(
256  *     "The disk \"{1}\" contains {0} file(s).");
257  *
258  * System.out.println(form.format(testArgs));
259  * </pre></blockquote>
260  * The output with different values for {@code fileCount}:
261  * <blockquote><pre>
262  * The disk "MyDisk" contains 0 file(s).
263  * The disk "MyDisk" contains 1 file(s).
264  * The disk "MyDisk" contains 1,273 file(s).
265  * </pre></blockquote>
266  *
267  * <p>
268  * For more sophisticated patterns, you can use a {@code ChoiceFormat}
269  * to produce correct forms for singular and plural:
270  * <blockquote><pre>
271  * MessageFormat form = new MessageFormat("The disk \"{1}\" contains {0}.");
272  * double[] filelimits = {0,1,2};
273  * String[] filepart = {"no files","one file","{0,number} files"};
274  * ChoiceFormat fileform = new ChoiceFormat(filelimits, filepart);
275  * form.setFormatByArgumentIndex(0, fileform);
276  *
277  * int fileCount = 1273;
278  * String diskName = "MyDisk";
279  * Object[] testArgs = {new Long(fileCount), diskName};
280  *
281  * System.out.println(form.format(testArgs));
282  * </pre></blockquote>
283  * The output with different values for {@code fileCount}:
284  * <blockquote><pre>
285  * The disk "MyDisk" contains no files.
286  * The disk "MyDisk" contains one file.
287  * The disk "MyDisk" contains 1,273 files.
288  * </pre></blockquote>
289  *
290  * <p>
291  * You can create the {@code ChoiceFormat} programmatically, as in the
292  * above example, or by using a pattern. See {@link ChoiceFormat}
293  * for more information.
294  * <blockquote><pre>{@code
295  * form.applyPattern(
296  *    "There {0,choice,0#are no files|1#is one file|1<are {0,number,integer} files}.");
297  * }</pre></blockquote>
298  *
299  * <p>
300  * <strong>Note:</strong> As we see above, the string produced
301  * by a {@code ChoiceFormat} in {@code MessageFormat} is treated as special;
302  * occurrences of '{' are used to indicate subformats, and cause recursion.
303  * If you create both a {@code MessageFormat} and {@code ChoiceFormat}
304  * programmatically (instead of using the string patterns), then be careful not to
305  * produce a format that recurses on itself, which will cause an infinite loop.
306  * <p>
307  * When a single argument is parsed more than once in the string, the last match
308  * will be the final result of the parsing.  For example,
309  * <blockquote><pre>
310  * MessageFormat mf = new MessageFormat("{0,number,#.##}, {0,number,#.#}");
311  * Object[] objs = {new Double(3.1415)};
312  * String result = mf.format( objs );
313  * // result now equals "3.14, 3.1"
314  * objs = null;
315  * objs = mf.parse(result, new ParsePosition(0));
316  * // objs now equals {new Double(3.1)}
317  * </pre></blockquote>
318  *
319  * <p>
320  * Likewise, parsing with a {@code MessageFormat} object using patterns containing
321  * multiple occurrences of the same argument would return the last match.  For
322  * example,
323  * <blockquote><pre>
324  * MessageFormat mf = new MessageFormat("{0}, {0}, {0}");
325  * String forParsing = "x, y, z";
326  * Object[] objs = mf.parse(forParsing, new ParsePosition(0));
327  * // result now equals {new String("z")}
328  * </pre></blockquote>
329  *
330  * <h3><a id="synchronization">Synchronization</a></h3>
331  *
332  * <p>
333  * Message formats are not synchronized.
334  * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
335  * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized
336  * externally.
337  *
338  * @see          java.util.Locale
339  * @see          Format
340  * @see          NumberFormat
341  * @see          DecimalFormat
342  * @see          DecimalFormatSymbols
343  * @see          ChoiceFormat
344  * @see          DateFormat
345  * @see          SimpleDateFormat
346  *
347  * @author       Mark Davis
348  * @since 1.1
349  */
350 
351 public class MessageFormat extends Format {
352 
353     @java.io.Serial
354     private static final long serialVersionUID = 6479157306784022952L;
355 
356     /**
357      * Constructs a MessageFormat for the default
358      * {@link java.util.Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale and the
359      * specified pattern.
360      * The constructor first sets the locale, then parses the pattern and
361      * creates a list of subformats for the format elements contained in it.
362      * Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the
363      * <a href="#patterns">class description</a>.
364      *
365      * @param pattern the pattern for this message format
366      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
367      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code pattern} is
368      *            {@code null}
369      */
MessageFormat(String pattern)370     public MessageFormat(String pattern) {
371         this.locale = Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT);
372         applyPattern(pattern);
373     }
374 
375     /**
376      * Constructs a MessageFormat for the specified locale and
377      * pattern.
378      * The constructor first sets the locale, then parses the pattern and
379      * creates a list of subformats for the format elements contained in it.
380      * Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the
381      * <a href="#patterns">class description</a>.
382      *
383      * @param pattern the pattern for this message format
384      * @param locale the locale for this message format
385      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
386      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code pattern} is
387      *            {@code null}
388      * @since 1.4
389      */
MessageFormat(String pattern, Locale locale)390     public MessageFormat(String pattern, Locale locale) {
391         this.locale = locale;
392         applyPattern(pattern);
393     }
394 
395     /**
396      * Sets the locale to be used when creating or comparing subformats.
397      * This affects subsequent calls
398      * <ul>
399      * <li>to the {@link #applyPattern applyPattern}
400      *     and {@link #toPattern toPattern} methods if format elements specify
401      *     a format type and therefore have the subformats created in the
402      *     {@code applyPattern} method, as well as
403      * <li>to the {@code format} and
404      *     {@link #formatToCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator} methods
405      *     if format elements do not specify a format type and therefore have
406      *     the subformats created in the formatting methods.
407      * </ul>
408      * Subformats that have already been created are not affected.
409      *
410      * @param locale the locale to be used when creating or comparing subformats
411      */
setLocale(Locale locale)412     public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
413         this.locale = locale;
414     }
415 
416     /**
417      * Gets the locale that's used when creating or comparing subformats.
418      *
419      * @return the locale used when creating or comparing subformats
420      */
getLocale()421     public Locale getLocale() {
422         return locale;
423     }
424 
425 
426     /**
427      * Sets the pattern used by this message format.
428      * The method parses the pattern and creates a list of subformats
429      * for the format elements contained in it.
430      * Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the
431      * <a href="#patterns">class description</a>.
432      *
433      * @param pattern the pattern for this message format
434      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
435      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code pattern} is
436      *            {@code null}
437      */
438     @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough") // fallthrough in switch is expected, suppress it
applyPattern(String pattern)439     public void applyPattern(String pattern) {
440             StringBuilder[] segments = new StringBuilder[4];
441             // Allocate only segments[SEG_RAW] here. The rest are
442             // allocated on demand.
443             segments[SEG_RAW] = new StringBuilder();
444 
445             int part = SEG_RAW;
446             int formatNumber = 0;
447             boolean inQuote = false;
448             int braceStack = 0;
449             maxOffset = -1;
450             for (int i = 0; i < pattern.length(); ++i) {
451                 char ch = pattern.charAt(i);
452                 if (part == SEG_RAW) {
453                     if (ch == '\'') {
454                         if (i + 1 < pattern.length()
455                             && pattern.charAt(i+1) == '\'') {
456                             segments[part].append(ch);  // handle doubles
457                             ++i;
458                         } else {
459                             inQuote = !inQuote;
460                         }
461                     } else if (ch == '{' && !inQuote) {
462                         part = SEG_INDEX;
463                         if (segments[SEG_INDEX] == null) {
464                             segments[SEG_INDEX] = new StringBuilder();
465                         }
466                     } else {
467                         segments[part].append(ch);
468                     }
469                 } else  {
470                     if (inQuote) {              // just copy quotes in parts
471                         segments[part].append(ch);
472                         if (ch == '\'') {
473                             inQuote = false;
474                         }
475                     } else {
476                         switch (ch) {
477                         case ',':
478                             if (part < SEG_MODIFIER) {
479                                 if (segments[++part] == null) {
480                                     segments[part] = new StringBuilder();
481                                 }
482                             } else {
483                                 segments[part].append(ch);
484                             }
485                             break;
486                         case '{':
487                             ++braceStack;
488                             segments[part].append(ch);
489                             break;
490                         case '}':
491                             if (braceStack == 0) {
492                                 part = SEG_RAW;
493                                 makeFormat(i, formatNumber, segments);
494                                 formatNumber++;
495                                 // throw away other segments
496                                 segments[SEG_INDEX] = null;
497                                 segments[SEG_TYPE] = null;
498                                 segments[SEG_MODIFIER] = null;
499                             } else {
500                                 --braceStack;
501                                 segments[part].append(ch);
502                             }
503                             break;
504                         case ' ':
505                             // Skip any leading space chars for SEG_TYPE.
506                             if (part != SEG_TYPE || segments[SEG_TYPE].length() > 0) {
507                                 segments[part].append(ch);
508                             }
509                             break;
510                         case '\'':
511                             inQuote = true;
512                             // fall through, so we keep quotes in other parts
513                         default:
514                             segments[part].append(ch);
515                             break;
516                         }
517                     }
518                 }
519             }
520             if (braceStack == 0 && part != 0) {
521                 maxOffset = -1;
522                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unmatched braces in the pattern.");
523             }
524             this.pattern = segments[0].toString();
525     }
526 
527 
528     /**
529      * Returns a pattern representing the current state of the message format.
530      * The string is constructed from internal information and therefore
531      * does not necessarily equal the previously applied pattern.
532      *
533      * @return a pattern representing the current state of the message format
534      */
toPattern()535     public String toPattern() {
536         // later, make this more extensible
537         int lastOffset = 0;
538         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
539         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; ++i) {
540             copyAndFixQuotes(pattern, lastOffset, offsets[i], result);
541             lastOffset = offsets[i];
542             result.append('{').append(argumentNumbers[i]);
543             Format fmt = formats[i];
544             if (fmt == null) {
545                 // do nothing, string format
546             } else if (fmt instanceof NumberFormat) {
547                 if (fmt.equals(NumberFormat.getInstance(locale))) {
548                     result.append(",number");
549                 } else if (fmt.equals(NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale))) {
550                     result.append(",number,currency");
551                 } else if (fmt.equals(NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(locale))) {
552                     result.append(",number,percent");
553                 } else if (fmt.equals(NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance(locale))) {
554                     result.append(",number,integer");
555                 } else {
556                     if (fmt instanceof DecimalFormat) {
557                         result.append(",number,").append(((DecimalFormat)fmt).toPattern());
558                     } else if (fmt instanceof ChoiceFormat) {
559                         result.append(",choice,").append(((ChoiceFormat)fmt).toPattern());
560                     } else {
561                         // UNKNOWN
562                     }
563                 }
564             } else if (fmt instanceof DateFormat) {
565                 int index;
566                 for (index = MODIFIER_DEFAULT; index < DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS.length; index++) {
567                     DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS[index],
568                                                                locale);
569                     if (fmt.equals(df)) {
570                         result.append(",date");
571                         break;
572                     }
573                     df = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS[index],
574                                                     locale);
575                     if (fmt.equals(df)) {
576                         result.append(",time");
577                         break;
578                     }
579                 }
580                 if (index >= DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS.length) {
581                     if (fmt instanceof SimpleDateFormat) {
582                         result.append(",date,").append(((SimpleDateFormat)fmt).toPattern());
583                     } else {
584                         // UNKNOWN
585                     }
586                 } else if (index != MODIFIER_DEFAULT) {
587                     result.append(',').append(DATE_TIME_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS[index]);
588                 }
589             } else {
590                 //result.append(", unknown");
591             }
592             result.append('}');
593         }
594         copyAndFixQuotes(pattern, lastOffset, pattern.length(), result);
595         return result.toString();
596     }
597 
598     /**
599      * Sets the formats to use for the values passed into
600      * {@code format} methods or returned from {@code parse}
601      * methods. The indices of elements in {@code newFormats}
602      * correspond to the argument indices used in the previously set
603      * pattern string.
604      * The order of formats in {@code newFormats} thus corresponds to
605      * the order of elements in the {@code arguments} array passed
606      * to the {@code format} methods or the result array returned
607      * by the {@code parse} methods.
608      * <p>
609      * If an argument index is used for more than one format element
610      * in the pattern string, then the corresponding new format is used
611      * for all such format elements. If an argument index is not used
612      * for any format element in the pattern string, then the
613      * corresponding new format is ignored. If fewer formats are provided
614      * than needed, then only the formats for argument indices less
615      * than {@code newFormats.length} are replaced.
616      *
617      * @param newFormats the new formats to use
618      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code newFormats} is null
619      * @since 1.4
620      */
setFormatsByArgumentIndex(Format[] newFormats)621     public void setFormatsByArgumentIndex(Format[] newFormats) {
622         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; i++) {
623             int j = argumentNumbers[i];
624             if (j < newFormats.length) {
625                 formats[i] = newFormats[j];
626             }
627         }
628     }
629 
630     /**
631      * Sets the formats to use for the format elements in the
632      * previously set pattern string.
633      * The order of formats in {@code newFormats} corresponds to
634      * the order of format elements in the pattern string.
635      * <p>
636      * If more formats are provided than needed by the pattern string,
637      * the remaining ones are ignored. If fewer formats are provided
638      * than needed, then only the first {@code newFormats.length}
639      * formats are replaced.
640      * <p>
641      * Since the order of format elements in a pattern string often
642      * changes during localization, it is generally better to use the
643      * {@link #setFormatsByArgumentIndex setFormatsByArgumentIndex}
644      * method, which assumes an order of formats corresponding to the
645      * order of elements in the {@code arguments} array passed to
646      * the {@code format} methods or the result array returned by
647      * the {@code parse} methods.
648      *
649      * @param newFormats the new formats to use
650      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code newFormats} is null
651      */
setFormats(Format[] newFormats)652     public void setFormats(Format[] newFormats) {
653         int runsToCopy = newFormats.length;
654         if (runsToCopy > maxOffset + 1) {
655             runsToCopy = maxOffset + 1;
656         }
657         for (int i = 0; i < runsToCopy; i++) {
658             formats[i] = newFormats[i];
659         }
660     }
661 
662     /**
663      * Sets the format to use for the format elements within the
664      * previously set pattern string that use the given argument
665      * index.
666      * The argument index is part of the format element definition and
667      * represents an index into the {@code arguments} array passed
668      * to the {@code format} methods or the result array returned
669      * by the {@code parse} methods.
670      * <p>
671      * If the argument index is used for more than one format element
672      * in the pattern string, then the new format is used for all such
673      * format elements. If the argument index is not used for any format
674      * element in the pattern string, then the new format is ignored.
675      *
676      * @param argumentIndex the argument index for which to use the new format
677      * @param newFormat the new format to use
678      * @since 1.4
679      */
setFormatByArgumentIndex(int argumentIndex, Format newFormat)680     public void setFormatByArgumentIndex(int argumentIndex, Format newFormat) {
681         for (int j = 0; j <= maxOffset; j++) {
682             if (argumentNumbers[j] == argumentIndex) {
683                 formats[j] = newFormat;
684             }
685         }
686     }
687 
688     /**
689      * Sets the format to use for the format element with the given
690      * format element index within the previously set pattern string.
691      * The format element index is the zero-based number of the format
692      * element counting from the start of the pattern string.
693      * <p>
694      * Since the order of format elements in a pattern string often
695      * changes during localization, it is generally better to use the
696      * {@link #setFormatByArgumentIndex setFormatByArgumentIndex}
697      * method, which accesses format elements based on the argument
698      * index they specify.
699      *
700      * @param formatElementIndex the index of a format element within the pattern
701      * @param newFormat the format to use for the specified format element
702      * @throws    ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code formatElementIndex} is equal to or
703      *            larger than the number of format elements in the pattern string
704      */
setFormat(int formatElementIndex, Format newFormat)705     public void setFormat(int formatElementIndex, Format newFormat) {
706         if (formatElementIndex > maxOffset) {
707             throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(formatElementIndex);
708         }
709         formats[formatElementIndex] = newFormat;
710     }
711 
712     /**
713      * Gets the formats used for the values passed into
714      * {@code format} methods or returned from {@code parse}
715      * methods. The indices of elements in the returned array
716      * correspond to the argument indices used in the previously set
717      * pattern string.
718      * The order of formats in the returned array thus corresponds to
719      * the order of elements in the {@code arguments} array passed
720      * to the {@code format} methods or the result array returned
721      * by the {@code parse} methods.
722      * <p>
723      * If an argument index is used for more than one format element
724      * in the pattern string, then the format used for the last such
725      * format element is returned in the array. If an argument index
726      * is not used for any format element in the pattern string, then
727      * null is returned in the array.
728      *
729      * @return the formats used for the arguments within the pattern
730      * @since 1.4
731      */
getFormatsByArgumentIndex()732     public Format[] getFormatsByArgumentIndex() {
733         int maximumArgumentNumber = -1;
734         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; i++) {
735             if (argumentNumbers[i] > maximumArgumentNumber) {
736                 maximumArgumentNumber = argumentNumbers[i];
737             }
738         }
739         Format[] resultArray = new Format[maximumArgumentNumber + 1];
740         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; i++) {
741             resultArray[argumentNumbers[i]] = formats[i];
742         }
743         return resultArray;
744     }
745 
746     /**
747      * Gets the formats used for the format elements in the
748      * previously set pattern string.
749      * The order of formats in the returned array corresponds to
750      * the order of format elements in the pattern string.
751      * <p>
752      * Since the order of format elements in a pattern string often
753      * changes during localization, it's generally better to use the
754      * {@link #getFormatsByArgumentIndex getFormatsByArgumentIndex}
755      * method, which assumes an order of formats corresponding to the
756      * order of elements in the {@code arguments} array passed to
757      * the {@code format} methods or the result array returned by
758      * the {@code parse} methods.
759      *
760      * @return the formats used for the format elements in the pattern
761      */
getFormats()762     public Format[] getFormats() {
763         Format[] resultArray = new Format[maxOffset + 1];
764         System.arraycopy(formats, 0, resultArray, 0, maxOffset + 1);
765         return resultArray;
766     }
767 
768     /**
769      * Formats an array of objects and appends the {@code MessageFormat}'s
770      * pattern, with format elements replaced by the formatted objects, to the
771      * provided {@code StringBuffer}.
772      * <p>
773      * The text substituted for the individual format elements is derived from
774      * the current subformat of the format element and the
775      * {@code arguments} element at the format element's argument index
776      * as indicated by the first matching line of the following table. An
777      * argument is <i>unavailable</i> if {@code arguments} is
778      * {@code null} or has fewer than argumentIndex+1 elements.
779      *
780      * <table class="plain">
781      * <caption style="display:none">Examples of subformat,argument,and formatted text</caption>
782      * <thead>
783      *    <tr>
784      *       <th scope="col">Subformat
785      *       <th scope="col">Argument
786      *       <th scope="col">Formatted Text
787      * </thead>
788      * <tbody>
789      *    <tr>
790      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal" rowspan=2><i>any</i>
791      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal"><i>unavailable</i>
792      *       <td><code>"{" + argumentIndex + "}"</code>
793      *    <tr>
794      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code null}
795      *       <td>{@code "null"}
796      *    <tr>
797      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code instanceof ChoiceFormat}
798      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal"><i>any</i>
799      *       <td><code>subformat.format(argument).indexOf('{') &gt;= 0 ?<br>
800      *           (new MessageFormat(subformat.format(argument), getLocale())).format(argument) :
801      *           subformat.format(argument)</code>
802      *    <tr>
803      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code != null}
804      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal"><i>any</i>
805      *       <td>{@code subformat.format(argument)}
806      *    <tr>
807      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal" rowspan=4>{@code null}
808      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code instanceof Number}
809      *       <td>{@code NumberFormat.getInstance(getLocale()).format(argument)}
810      *    <tr>
811      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code instanceof Date}
812      *       <td>{@code DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT, getLocale()).format(argument)}
813      *    <tr>
814      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal">{@code instanceof String}
815      *       <td>{@code argument}
816      *    <tr>
817      *       <th scope="row" style="text-weight-normal"><i>any</i>
818      *       <td>{@code argument.toString()}
819      * </tbody>
820      * </table>
821      * <p>
822      * If {@code pos} is non-null, and refers to
823      * {@code Field.ARGUMENT}, the location of the first formatted
824      * string will be returned.
825      *
826      * @param arguments an array of objects to be formatted and substituted.
827      * @param result where text is appended.
828      * @param pos keeps track on the position of the first replaced argument
829      *            in the output string.
830      * @return the string buffer passed in as {@code result}, with formatted
831      * text appended
832      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if an argument in the
833      *            {@code arguments} array is not of the type
834      *            expected by the format element(s) that use it.
835      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code result} is {@code null}
836      */
format(Object[] arguments, StringBuffer result, FieldPosition pos)837     public final StringBuffer format(Object[] arguments, StringBuffer result,
838                                      FieldPosition pos)
839     {
840         return subformat(arguments, result, pos, null);
841     }
842 
843     /**
844      * Creates a MessageFormat with the given pattern and uses it
845      * to format the given arguments. This is equivalent to
846      * <blockquote>
847      *     <code>(new {@link #MessageFormat(String) MessageFormat}(pattern)).{@link #format(java.lang.Object[], java.lang.StringBuffer, java.text.FieldPosition) format}(arguments, new StringBuffer(), null).toString()</code>
848      * </blockquote>
849      *
850      * @param pattern   the pattern string
851      * @param arguments object(s) to format
852      * @return the formatted string
853      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid,
854      *            or if an argument in the {@code arguments} array
855      *            is not of the type expected by the format element(s)
856      *            that use it.
857      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code pattern} is {@code null}
858      */
format(String pattern, Object ... arguments)859     public static String format(String pattern, Object ... arguments) {
860         MessageFormat temp = new MessageFormat(pattern);
861         return temp.format(arguments);
862     }
863 
864     // Overrides
865     /**
866      * Formats an array of objects and appends the {@code MessageFormat}'s
867      * pattern, with format elements replaced by the formatted objects, to the
868      * provided {@code StringBuffer}.
869      * This is equivalent to
870      * <blockquote>
871      *     <code>{@link #format(java.lang.Object[], java.lang.StringBuffer, java.text.FieldPosition) format}((Object[]) arguments, result, pos)</code>
872      * </blockquote>
873      *
874      * @param arguments an array of objects to be formatted and substituted.
875      * @param result where text is appended.
876      * @param pos keeps track on the position of the first replaced argument
877      *            in the output string.
878      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if an argument in the
879      *            {@code arguments} array is not of the type
880      *            expected by the format element(s) that use it.
881      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code result} is {@code null}
882      */
format(Object arguments, StringBuffer result, FieldPosition pos)883     public final StringBuffer format(Object arguments, StringBuffer result,
884                                      FieldPosition pos)
885     {
886         return subformat((Object[]) arguments, result, pos, null);
887     }
888 
889     /**
890      * Formats an array of objects and inserts them into the
891      * {@code MessageFormat}'s pattern, producing an
892      * {@code AttributedCharacterIterator}.
893      * You can use the returned {@code AttributedCharacterIterator}
894      * to build the resulting String, as well as to determine information
895      * about the resulting String.
896      * <p>
897      * The text of the returned {@code AttributedCharacterIterator} is
898      * the same that would be returned by
899      * <blockquote>
900      *     <code>{@link #format(java.lang.Object[], java.lang.StringBuffer, java.text.FieldPosition) format}(arguments, new StringBuffer(), null).toString()</code>
901      * </blockquote>
902      * <p>
903      * In addition, the {@code AttributedCharacterIterator} contains at
904      * least attributes indicating where text was generated from an
905      * argument in the {@code arguments} array. The keys of these attributes are of
906      * type {@code MessageFormat.Field}, their values are
907      * {@code Integer} objects indicating the index in the {@code arguments}
908      * array of the argument from which the text was generated.
909      * <p>
910      * The attributes/value from the underlying {@code Format}
911      * instances that {@code MessageFormat} uses will also be
912      * placed in the resulting {@code AttributedCharacterIterator}.
913      * This allows you to not only find where an argument is placed in the
914      * resulting String, but also which fields it contains in turn.
915      *
916      * @param arguments an array of objects to be formatted and substituted.
917      * @return AttributedCharacterIterator describing the formatted value.
918      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code arguments} is null.
919      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if an argument in the
920      *            {@code arguments} array is not of the type
921      *            expected by the format element(s) that use it.
922      * @since 1.4
923      */
formatToCharacterIterator(Object arguments)924     public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator(Object arguments) {
925         StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
926         ArrayList<AttributedCharacterIterator> iterators = new ArrayList<>();
927 
928         if (arguments == null) {
929             throw new NullPointerException(
930                    "formatToCharacterIterator must be passed non-null object");
931         }
932         subformat((Object[]) arguments, result, null, iterators);
933         if (iterators.size() == 0) {
934             return createAttributedCharacterIterator("");
935         }
936         return createAttributedCharacterIterator(
937                      iterators.toArray(
938                      new AttributedCharacterIterator[iterators.size()]));
939     }
940 
941     /**
942      * Parses the string.
943      *
944      * <p>Caveats: The parse may fail in a number of circumstances.
945      * For example:
946      * <ul>
947      * <li>If one of the arguments does not occur in the pattern.
948      * <li>If the format of an argument loses information, such as
949      *     with a choice format where a large number formats to "many".
950      * <li>Does not yet handle recursion (where
951      *     the substituted strings contain {n} references.)
952      * <li>Will not always find a match (or the correct match)
953      *     if some part of the parse is ambiguous.
954      *     For example, if the pattern "{1},{2}" is used with the
955      *     string arguments {"a,b", "c"}, it will format as "a,b,c".
956      *     When the result is parsed, it will return {"a", "b,c"}.
957      * <li>If a single argument is parsed more than once in the string,
958      *     then the later parse wins.
959      * </ul>
960      * When the parse fails, use ParsePosition.getErrorIndex() to find out
961      * where in the string the parsing failed.  The returned error
962      * index is the starting offset of the sub-patterns that the string
963      * is comparing with.  For example, if the parsing string "AAA {0} BBB"
964      * is comparing against the pattern "AAD {0} BBB", the error index is
965      * 0. When an error occurs, the call to this method will return null.
966      * If the source is null, return an empty array.
967      *
968      * @param source the string to parse
969      * @param pos    the parse position
970      * @return an array of parsed objects
971      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code pos} is {@code null}
972      *            for a non-null {@code source} string.
973      */
parse(String source, ParsePosition pos)974     public Object[] parse(String source, ParsePosition pos) {
975         if (source == null) {
976             Object[] empty = {};
977             return empty;
978         }
979 
980         int maximumArgumentNumber = -1;
981         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; i++) {
982             if (argumentNumbers[i] > maximumArgumentNumber) {
983                 maximumArgumentNumber = argumentNumbers[i];
984             }
985         }
986         Object[] resultArray = new Object[maximumArgumentNumber + 1];
987 
988         int patternOffset = 0;
989         int sourceOffset = pos.index;
990         ParsePosition tempStatus = new ParsePosition(0);
991         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; ++i) {
992             // match up to format
993             int len = offsets[i] - patternOffset;
994             if (len == 0 || pattern.regionMatches(patternOffset,
995                                                   source, sourceOffset, len)) {
996                 sourceOffset += len;
997                 patternOffset += len;
998             } else {
999                 pos.errorIndex = sourceOffset;
1000                 return null; // leave index as is to signal error
1001             }
1002 
1003             // now use format
1004             if (formats[i] == null) {   // string format
1005                 // if at end, use longest possible match
1006                 // otherwise uses first match to intervening string
1007                 // does NOT recursively try all possibilities
1008                 int tempLength = (i != maxOffset) ? offsets[i+1] : pattern.length();
1009 
1010                 int next;
1011                 if (patternOffset >= tempLength) {
1012                     next = source.length();
1013                 }else{
1014                     next = source.indexOf(pattern.substring(patternOffset, tempLength),
1015                                           sourceOffset);
1016                 }
1017 
1018                 if (next < 0) {
1019                     pos.errorIndex = sourceOffset;
1020                     return null; // leave index as is to signal error
1021                 } else {
1022                     String strValue= source.substring(sourceOffset,next);
1023                     if (!strValue.equals("{"+argumentNumbers[i]+"}"))
1024                         resultArray[argumentNumbers[i]]
1025                             = source.substring(sourceOffset,next);
1026                     sourceOffset = next;
1027                 }
1028             } else {
1029                 tempStatus.index = sourceOffset;
1030                 resultArray[argumentNumbers[i]]
1031                     = formats[i].parseObject(source,tempStatus);
1032                 if (tempStatus.index == sourceOffset) {
1033                     pos.errorIndex = sourceOffset;
1034                     return null; // leave index as is to signal error
1035                 }
1036                 sourceOffset = tempStatus.index; // update
1037             }
1038         }
1039         int len = pattern.length() - patternOffset;
1040         if (len == 0 || pattern.regionMatches(patternOffset,
1041                                               source, sourceOffset, len)) {
1042             pos.index = sourceOffset + len;
1043         } else {
1044             pos.errorIndex = sourceOffset;
1045             return null; // leave index as is to signal error
1046         }
1047         return resultArray;
1048     }
1049 
1050     /**
1051      * Parses text from the beginning of the given string to produce an object
1052      * array.
1053      * The method may not use the entire text of the given string.
1054      * <p>
1055      * See the {@link #parse(String, ParsePosition)} method for more information
1056      * on message parsing.
1057      *
1058      * @param source A {@code String} whose beginning should be parsed.
1059      * @return An {@code Object} array parsed from the string.
1060      * @throws    ParseException if the beginning of the specified string
1061      *            cannot be parsed.
1062      */
parse(String source)1063     public Object[] parse(String source) throws ParseException {
1064         ParsePosition pos  = new ParsePosition(0);
1065         Object[] result = parse(source, pos);
1066         if (pos.index == 0)  // unchanged, returned object is null
1067             throw new ParseException("MessageFormat parse error!", pos.errorIndex);
1068 
1069         return result;
1070     }
1071 
1072     /**
1073      * Parses text from a string to produce an object array.
1074      * <p>
1075      * The method attempts to parse text starting at the index given by
1076      * {@code pos}.
1077      * If parsing succeeds, then the index of {@code pos} is updated
1078      * to the index after the last character used (parsing does not necessarily
1079      * use all characters up to the end of the string), and the parsed
1080      * object array is returned. The updated {@code pos} can be used to
1081      * indicate the starting point for the next call to this method.
1082      * If an error occurs, then the index of {@code pos} is not
1083      * changed, the error index of {@code pos} is set to the index of
1084      * the character where the error occurred, and null is returned.
1085      * <p>
1086      * See the {@link #parse(String, ParsePosition)} method for more information
1087      * on message parsing.
1088      *
1089      * @param source A {@code String}, part of which should be parsed.
1090      * @param pos A {@code ParsePosition} object with index and error
1091      *            index information as described above.
1092      * @return An {@code Object} array parsed from the string. In case of
1093      *         error, returns null.
1094      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code pos} is null.
1095      */
parseObject(String source, ParsePosition pos)1096     public Object parseObject(String source, ParsePosition pos) {
1097         return parse(source, pos);
1098     }
1099 
1100     /**
1101      * Creates and returns a copy of this object.
1102      *
1103      * @return a clone of this instance.
1104      */
clone()1105     public Object clone() {
1106         MessageFormat other = (MessageFormat) super.clone();
1107 
1108         // clone arrays. Can't do with utility because of bug in Cloneable
1109         other.formats = formats.clone(); // shallow clone
1110         for (int i = 0; i < formats.length; ++i) {
1111             if (formats[i] != null)
1112                 other.formats[i] = (Format)formats[i].clone();
1113         }
1114         // for primitives or immutables, shallow clone is enough
1115         other.offsets = offsets.clone();
1116         other.argumentNumbers = argumentNumbers.clone();
1117 
1118         return other;
1119     }
1120 
1121     /**
1122      * Equality comparison between two message format objects
1123      */
equals(Object obj)1124     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
1125         if (this == obj)                      // quick check
1126             return true;
1127         if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass())
1128             return false;
1129         MessageFormat other = (MessageFormat) obj;
1130         return (maxOffset == other.maxOffset
1131                 && pattern.equals(other.pattern)
1132                 && ((locale != null && locale.equals(other.locale))
1133                  || (locale == null && other.locale == null))
1134                 && Arrays.equals(offsets,other.offsets)
1135                 && Arrays.equals(argumentNumbers,other.argumentNumbers)
1136                 && Arrays.equals(formats,other.formats));
1137     }
1138 
1139     /**
1140      * Generates a hash code for the message format object.
1141      */
hashCode()1142     public int hashCode() {
1143         return pattern.hashCode(); // enough for reasonable distribution
1144     }
1145 
1146 
1147     /**
1148      * Defines constants that are used as attribute keys in the
1149      * {@code AttributedCharacterIterator} returned
1150      * from {@code MessageFormat.formatToCharacterIterator}.
1151      *
1152      * @since 1.4
1153      */
1154     public static class Field extends Format.Field {
1155 
1156         // Proclaim serial compatibility with 1.4 FCS
1157         @java.io.Serial
1158         private static final long serialVersionUID = 7899943957617360810L;
1159 
1160         /**
1161          * Creates a Field with the specified name.
1162          *
1163          * @param name Name of the attribute
1164          */
Field(String name)1165         protected Field(String name) {
1166             super(name);
1167         }
1168 
1169         /**
1170          * Resolves instances being deserialized to the predefined constants.
1171          *
1172          * @throws InvalidObjectException if the constant could not be
1173          *         resolved.
1174          * @return resolved MessageFormat.Field constant
1175          */
1176         @java.io.Serial
readResolve()1177         protected Object readResolve() throws InvalidObjectException {
1178             if (this.getClass() != MessageFormat.Field.class) {
1179                 throw new InvalidObjectException("subclass didn't correctly implement readResolve");
1180             }
1181 
1182             return ARGUMENT;
1183         }
1184 
1185         //
1186         // The constants
1187         //
1188 
1189         /**
1190          * Constant identifying a portion of a message that was generated
1191          * from an argument passed into {@code formatToCharacterIterator}.
1192          * The value associated with the key will be an {@code Integer}
1193          * indicating the index in the {@code arguments} array of the
1194          * argument from which the text was generated.
1195          */
1196         public static final Field ARGUMENT =
1197                            new Field("message argument field");
1198     }
1199 
1200     // ===========================privates============================
1201 
1202     /**
1203      * The locale to use for formatting numbers and dates.
1204      * @serial
1205      */
1206     private Locale locale;
1207 
1208     /**
1209      * The string that the formatted values are to be plugged into.  In other words, this
1210      * is the pattern supplied on construction with all of the {} expressions taken out.
1211      * @serial
1212      */
1213     private String pattern = "";
1214 
1215     /** The initially expected number of subformats in the format */
1216     private static final int INITIAL_FORMATS = 10;
1217 
1218     /**
1219      * An array of formatters, which are used to format the arguments.
1220      * @serial
1221      */
1222     private Format[] formats = new Format[INITIAL_FORMATS];
1223 
1224     /**
1225      * The positions where the results of formatting each argument are to be inserted
1226      * into the pattern.
1227      * @serial
1228      */
1229     private int[] offsets = new int[INITIAL_FORMATS];
1230 
1231     /**
1232      * The argument numbers corresponding to each formatter.  (The formatters are stored
1233      * in the order they occur in the pattern, not in the order in which the arguments
1234      * are specified.)
1235      * @serial
1236      */
1237     private int[] argumentNumbers = new int[INITIAL_FORMATS];
1238 
1239     /**
1240      * One less than the number of entries in {@code offsets}.  Can also be thought of
1241      * as the index of the highest-numbered element in {@code offsets} that is being used.
1242      * All of these arrays should have the same number of elements being used as {@code offsets}
1243      * does, and so this variable suffices to tell us how many entries are in all of them.
1244      * @serial
1245      */
1246     private int maxOffset = -1;
1247 
1248     /**
1249      * Internal routine used by format. If {@code characterIterators} is
1250      * {@code non-null}, AttributedCharacterIterator will be created from the
1251      * subformats as necessary. If {@code characterIterators} is {@code null}
1252      * and {@code fp} is {@code non-null} and identifies
1253      * {@code Field.ARGUMENT} as the field attribute, the location of
1254      * the first replaced argument will be set in it.
1255      *
1256      * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if an argument in the
1257      *            {@code arguments} array is not of the type
1258      *            expected by the format element(s) that use it.
1259      */
subformat(Object[] arguments, StringBuffer result, FieldPosition fp, List<AttributedCharacterIterator> characterIterators)1260     private StringBuffer subformat(Object[] arguments, StringBuffer result,
1261                                    FieldPosition fp, List<AttributedCharacterIterator> characterIterators) {
1262         // note: this implementation assumes a fast substring & index.
1263         // if this is not true, would be better to append chars one by one.
1264         int lastOffset = 0;
1265         int last = result.length();
1266         for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; ++i) {
1267             result.append(pattern, lastOffset, offsets[i]);
1268             lastOffset = offsets[i];
1269             int argumentNumber = argumentNumbers[i];
1270             if (arguments == null || argumentNumber >= arguments.length) {
1271                 result.append('{').append(argumentNumber).append('}');
1272                 continue;
1273             }
1274             // int argRecursion = ((recursionProtection >> (argumentNumber*2)) & 0x3);
1275             if (false) { // if (argRecursion == 3){
1276                 // prevent loop!!!
1277                 result.append('\uFFFD');
1278             } else {
1279                 Object obj = arguments[argumentNumber];
1280                 String arg = null;
1281                 Format subFormatter = null;
1282                 if (obj == null) {
1283                     arg = "null";
1284                 } else if (formats[i] != null) {
1285                     subFormatter = formats[i];
1286                     if (subFormatter instanceof ChoiceFormat) {
1287                         arg = formats[i].format(obj);
1288                         if (arg.indexOf('{') >= 0) {
1289                             subFormatter = new MessageFormat(arg, locale);
1290                             obj = arguments;
1291                             arg = null;
1292                         }
1293                     }
1294                 } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
1295                     // format number if can
1296                     subFormatter = NumberFormat.getInstance(locale);
1297                 } else if (obj instanceof Date) {
1298                     // format a Date if can
1299                     subFormatter = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(
1300                              DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT, locale);//fix
1301                 } else if (obj instanceof String) {
1302                     arg = (String) obj;
1303 
1304                 } else {
1305                     arg = obj.toString();
1306                     if (arg == null) arg = "null";
1307                 }
1308 
1309                 // At this point we are in two states, either subFormatter
1310                 // is non-null indicating we should format obj using it,
1311                 // or arg is non-null and we should use it as the value.
1312 
1313                 if (characterIterators != null) {
1314                     // If characterIterators is non-null, it indicates we need
1315                     // to get the CharacterIterator from the child formatter.
1316                     if (last != result.length()) {
1317                         characterIterators.add(
1318                             createAttributedCharacterIterator(result.substring
1319                                                               (last)));
1320                         last = result.length();
1321                     }
1322                     if (subFormatter != null) {
1323                         AttributedCharacterIterator subIterator =
1324                                    subFormatter.formatToCharacterIterator(obj);
1325 
1326                         append(result, subIterator);
1327                         if (last != result.length()) {
1328                             characterIterators.add(
1329                                          createAttributedCharacterIterator(
1330                                          subIterator, Field.ARGUMENT,
1331                                          Integer.valueOf(argumentNumber)));
1332                             last = result.length();
1333                         }
1334                         arg = null;
1335                     }
1336                     if (arg != null && !arg.isEmpty()) {
1337                         result.append(arg);
1338                         characterIterators.add(
1339                                  createAttributedCharacterIterator(
1340                                  arg, Field.ARGUMENT,
1341                                  Integer.valueOf(argumentNumber)));
1342                         last = result.length();
1343                     }
1344                 }
1345                 else {
1346                     if (subFormatter != null) {
1347                         arg = subFormatter.format(obj);
1348                     }
1349                     last = result.length();
1350                     result.append(arg);
1351                     if (i == 0 && fp != null && Field.ARGUMENT.equals(
1352                                   fp.getFieldAttribute())) {
1353                         fp.setBeginIndex(last);
1354                         fp.setEndIndex(result.length());
1355                     }
1356                     last = result.length();
1357                 }
1358             }
1359         }
1360         result.append(pattern, lastOffset, pattern.length());
1361         if (characterIterators != null && last != result.length()) {
1362             characterIterators.add(createAttributedCharacterIterator(
1363                                    result.substring(last)));
1364         }
1365         return result;
1366     }
1367 
1368     /**
1369      * Convenience method to append all the characters in
1370      * {@code iterator} to the StringBuffer {@code result}.
1371      */
append(StringBuffer result, CharacterIterator iterator)1372     private void append(StringBuffer result, CharacterIterator iterator) {
1373         if (iterator.first() != CharacterIterator.DONE) {
1374             char aChar;
1375 
1376             result.append(iterator.first());
1377             while ((aChar = iterator.next()) != CharacterIterator.DONE) {
1378                 result.append(aChar);
1379             }
1380         }
1381     }
1382 
1383     // Indices for segments
1384     private static final int SEG_RAW      = 0;
1385     private static final int SEG_INDEX    = 1;
1386     private static final int SEG_TYPE     = 2;
1387     private static final int SEG_MODIFIER = 3; // modifier or subformat
1388 
1389     // Indices for type keywords
1390     private static final int TYPE_NULL    = 0;
1391     private static final int TYPE_NUMBER  = 1;
1392     private static final int TYPE_DATE    = 2;
1393     private static final int TYPE_TIME    = 3;
1394     private static final int TYPE_CHOICE  = 4;
1395 
1396     private static final String[] TYPE_KEYWORDS = {
1397         "",
1398         "number",
1399         "date",
1400         "time",
1401         "choice"
1402     };
1403 
1404     // Indices for number modifiers
1405     private static final int MODIFIER_DEFAULT  = 0; // common in number and date-time
1406     private static final int MODIFIER_CURRENCY = 1;
1407     private static final int MODIFIER_PERCENT  = 2;
1408     private static final int MODIFIER_INTEGER  = 3;
1409 
1410     private static final String[] NUMBER_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS = {
1411         "",
1412         "currency",
1413         "percent",
1414         "integer"
1415     };
1416 
1417     // Indices for date-time modifiers
1418     private static final int MODIFIER_SHORT   = 1;
1419     private static final int MODIFIER_MEDIUM  = 2;
1420     private static final int MODIFIER_LONG    = 3;
1421     private static final int MODIFIER_FULL    = 4;
1422 
1423     private static final String[] DATE_TIME_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS = {
1424         "",
1425         "short",
1426         "medium",
1427         "long",
1428         "full"
1429     };
1430 
1431     // Date-time style values corresponding to the date-time modifiers.
1432     private static final int[] DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS = {
1433         DateFormat.DEFAULT,
1434         DateFormat.SHORT,
1435         DateFormat.MEDIUM,
1436         DateFormat.LONG,
1437         DateFormat.FULL,
1438     };
1439 
makeFormat(int position, int offsetNumber, StringBuilder[] textSegments)1440     private void makeFormat(int position, int offsetNumber,
1441                             StringBuilder[] textSegments)
1442     {
1443         String[] segments = new String[textSegments.length];
1444         for (int i = 0; i < textSegments.length; i++) {
1445             StringBuilder oneseg = textSegments[i];
1446             segments[i] = (oneseg != null) ? oneseg.toString() : "";
1447         }
1448 
1449         // get the argument number
1450         int argumentNumber;
1451         try {
1452             argumentNumber = Integer.parseInt(segments[SEG_INDEX]); // always unlocalized!
1453         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
1454             throw new IllegalArgumentException("can't parse argument number: "
1455                                                + segments[SEG_INDEX], e);
1456         }
1457         if (argumentNumber < 0) {
1458             throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative argument number: "
1459                                                + argumentNumber);
1460         }
1461 
1462         // resize format information arrays if necessary
1463         if (offsetNumber >= formats.length) {
1464             int newLength = formats.length * 2;
1465             Format[] newFormats = new Format[newLength];
1466             int[] newOffsets = new int[newLength];
1467             int[] newArgumentNumbers = new int[newLength];
1468             System.arraycopy(formats, 0, newFormats, 0, maxOffset + 1);
1469             System.arraycopy(offsets, 0, newOffsets, 0, maxOffset + 1);
1470             System.arraycopy(argumentNumbers, 0, newArgumentNumbers, 0, maxOffset + 1);
1471             formats = newFormats;
1472             offsets = newOffsets;
1473             argumentNumbers = newArgumentNumbers;
1474         }
1475         int oldMaxOffset = maxOffset;
1476         maxOffset = offsetNumber;
1477         offsets[offsetNumber] = segments[SEG_RAW].length();
1478         argumentNumbers[offsetNumber] = argumentNumber;
1479 
1480         // now get the format
1481         Format newFormat = null;
1482         if (!segments[SEG_TYPE].isEmpty()) {
1483             int type = findKeyword(segments[SEG_TYPE], TYPE_KEYWORDS);
1484             switch (type) {
1485             case TYPE_NULL:
1486                 // Type "" is allowed. e.g., "{0,}", "{0,,}", and "{0,,#}"
1487                 // are treated as "{0}".
1488                 break;
1489 
1490             case TYPE_NUMBER:
1491                 switch (findKeyword(segments[SEG_MODIFIER], NUMBER_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS)) {
1492                 case MODIFIER_DEFAULT:
1493                     newFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(locale);
1494                     break;
1495                 case MODIFIER_CURRENCY:
1496                     newFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale);
1497                     break;
1498                 case MODIFIER_PERCENT:
1499                     newFormat = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(locale);
1500                     break;
1501                 case MODIFIER_INTEGER:
1502                     newFormat = NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance(locale);
1503                     break;
1504                 default: // DecimalFormat pattern
1505                     try {
1506                         newFormat = new DecimalFormat(segments[SEG_MODIFIER],
1507                                                       DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(locale));
1508                     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1509                         maxOffset = oldMaxOffset;
1510                         throw e;
1511                     }
1512                     break;
1513                 }
1514                 break;
1515 
1516             case TYPE_DATE:
1517             case TYPE_TIME:
1518                 int mod = findKeyword(segments[SEG_MODIFIER], DATE_TIME_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS);
1519                 if (mod >= 0 && mod < DATE_TIME_MODIFIER_KEYWORDS.length) {
1520                     if (type == TYPE_DATE) {
1521                         newFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS[mod],
1522                                                                locale);
1523                     } else {
1524                         newFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DATE_TIME_MODIFIERS[mod],
1525                                                                locale);
1526                     }
1527                 } else {
1528                     // SimpleDateFormat pattern
1529                     try {
1530                         newFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(segments[SEG_MODIFIER], locale);
1531                     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1532                         maxOffset = oldMaxOffset;
1533                         throw e;
1534                     }
1535                 }
1536                 break;
1537 
1538             case TYPE_CHOICE:
1539                 try {
1540                     // ChoiceFormat pattern
1541                     newFormat = new ChoiceFormat(segments[SEG_MODIFIER]);
1542                 } catch (Exception e) {
1543                     maxOffset = oldMaxOffset;
1544                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Choice Pattern incorrect: "
1545                                                        + segments[SEG_MODIFIER], e);
1546                 }
1547                 break;
1548 
1549             default:
1550                 maxOffset = oldMaxOffset;
1551                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown format type: " +
1552                                                    segments[SEG_TYPE]);
1553             }
1554         }
1555         formats[offsetNumber] = newFormat;
1556     }
1557 
findKeyword(String s, String[] list)1558     private static final int findKeyword(String s, String[] list) {
1559         for (int i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
1560             if (s.equals(list[i]))
1561                 return i;
1562         }
1563 
1564         // Try trimmed lowercase.
1565         String ls = s.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
1566         if (ls != s) {
1567             for (int i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
1568                 if (ls.equals(list[i]))
1569                     return i;
1570             }
1571         }
1572         return -1;
1573     }
1574 
copyAndFixQuotes(String source, int start, int end, StringBuilder target)1575     private static final void copyAndFixQuotes(String source, int start, int end,
1576                                                StringBuilder target) {
1577         boolean quoted = false;
1578 
1579         for (int i = start; i < end; ++i) {
1580             char ch = source.charAt(i);
1581             if (ch == '{') {
1582                 if (!quoted) {
1583                     target.append('\'');
1584                     quoted = true;
1585                 }
1586                 target.append(ch);
1587             } else if (ch == '\'') {
1588                 target.append("''");
1589             } else {
1590                 if (quoted) {
1591                     target.append('\'');
1592                     quoted = false;
1593                 }
1594                 target.append(ch);
1595             }
1596         }
1597         if (quoted) {
1598             target.append('\'');
1599         }
1600     }
1601 
1602     /**
1603      * After reading an object from the input stream, do a simple verification
1604      * to maintain class invariants.
1605      * @throws InvalidObjectException if the objects read from the stream is invalid.
1606      */
1607     @java.io.Serial
readObject(ObjectInputStream in)1608     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1609         in.defaultReadObject();
1610         boolean isValid = maxOffset >= -1
1611                 && formats.length > maxOffset
1612                 && offsets.length > maxOffset
1613                 && argumentNumbers.length > maxOffset;
1614         if (isValid) {
1615             int lastOffset = pattern.length() + 1;
1616             for (int i = maxOffset; i >= 0; --i) {
1617                 if ((offsets[i] < 0) || (offsets[i] > lastOffset)) {
1618                     isValid = false;
1619                     break;
1620                 } else {
1621                     lastOffset = offsets[i];
1622                 }
1623             }
1624         }
1625         if (!isValid) {
1626             throw new InvalidObjectException("Could not reconstruct MessageFormat from corrupt stream.");
1627         }
1628     }
1629 }
1630