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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10  *
11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15  * accompanied this code).
16  *
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20  *
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24  */
25 
26 package java.util;
27 
28 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
29 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
30 import java.util.function.Function;
31 import java.io.Serializable;
32 
33 /**
34  * An object that maps keys to values.  A map cannot contain duplicate keys;
35  * each key can map to at most one value.
36  *
37  * <p>This interface takes the place of the {@code Dictionary} class, which
38  * was a totally abstract class rather than an interface.
39  *
40  * <p>The {@code Map} interface provides three <i>collection views</i>, which
41  * allow a map's contents to be viewed as a set of keys, collection of values,
42  * or set of key-value mappings.  The <i>order</i> of a map is defined as
43  * the order in which the iterators on the map's collection views return their
44  * elements.  Some map implementations, like the {@code TreeMap} class, make
45  * specific guarantees as to their order; others, like the {@code HashMap}
46  * class, do not.
47  *
48  * <p>Note: great care must be exercised if mutable objects are used as map
49  * keys.  The behavior of a map is not specified if the value of an object is
50  * changed in a manner that affects {@code equals} comparisons while the
51  * object is a key in the map.  A special case of this prohibition is that it
52  * is not permissible for a map to contain itself as a key.  While it is
53  * permissible for a map to contain itself as a value, extreme caution is
54  * advised: the {@code equals} and {@code hashCode} methods are no longer
55  * well defined on such a map.
56  *
57  * <p>All general-purpose map implementation classes should provide two
58  * "standard" constructors: a void (no arguments) constructor which creates an
59  * empty map, and a constructor with a single argument of type {@code Map},
60  * which creates a new map with the same key-value mappings as its argument.
61  * In effect, the latter constructor allows the user to copy any map,
62  * producing an equivalent map of the desired class.  There is no way to
63  * enforce this recommendation (as interfaces cannot contain constructors) but
64  * all of the general-purpose map implementations in the JDK comply.
65  *
66  * <p>The "destructive" methods contained in this interface, that is, the
67  * methods that modify the map on which they operate, are specified to throw
68  * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} if this map does not support the
69  * operation.  If this is the case, these methods may, but are not required
70  * to, throw an {@code UnsupportedOperationException} if the invocation would
71  * have no effect on the map.  For example, invoking the {@link #putAll(Map)}
72  * method on an unmodifiable map may, but is not required to, throw the
73  * exception if the map whose mappings are to be "superimposed" is empty.
74  *
75  * <p>Some map implementations have restrictions on the keys and values they
76  * may contain.  For example, some implementations prohibit null keys and
77  * values, and some have restrictions on the types of their keys.  Attempting
78  * to insert an ineligible key or value throws an unchecked exception,
79  * typically {@code NullPointerException} or {@code ClassCastException}.
80  * Attempting to query the presence of an ineligible key or value may throw an
81  * exception, or it may simply return false; some implementations will exhibit
82  * the former behavior and some will exhibit the latter.  More generally,
83  * attempting an operation on an ineligible key or value whose completion
84  * would not result in the insertion of an ineligible element into the map may
85  * throw an exception or it may succeed, at the option of the implementation.
86  * Such exceptions are marked as "optional" in the specification for this
87  * interface.
88  *
89  * <p>Many methods in Collections Framework interfaces are defined
90  * in terms of the {@link Object#equals(Object) equals} method.  For
91  * example, the specification for the {@link #containsKey(Object)
92  * containsKey(Object key)} method says: "returns {@code true} if and
93  * only if this map contains a mapping for a key {@code k} such that
94  * {@code (key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k))}." This specification should
95  * <i>not</i> be construed to imply that invoking {@code Map.containsKey}
96  * with a non-null argument {@code key} will cause {@code key.equals(k)} to
97  * be invoked for any key {@code k}.  Implementations are free to
98  * implement optimizations whereby the {@code equals} invocation is avoided,
99  * for example, by first comparing the hash codes of the two keys.  (The
100  * {@link Object#hashCode()} specification guarantees that two objects with
101  * unequal hash codes cannot be equal.)  More generally, implementations of
102  * the various Collections Framework interfaces are free to take advantage of
103  * the specified behavior of underlying {@link Object} methods wherever the
104  * implementor deems it appropriate.
105  *
106  * <p>Some map operations which perform recursive traversal of the map may fail
107  * with an exception for self-referential instances where the map directly or
108  * indirectly contains itself. This includes the {@code clone()},
109  * {@code equals()}, {@code hashCode()} and {@code toString()} methods.
110  * Implementations may optionally handle the self-referential scenario, however
111  * most current implementations do not do so.
112  *
113  * <h2><a id="unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a></h2>
114  * <p>The {@link Map#of() Map.of},
115  * {@link Map#ofEntries(Map.Entry...) Map.ofEntries}, and
116  * {@link Map#copyOf Map.copyOf}
117  * static factory methods provide a convenient way to create unmodifiable maps.
118  * The {@code Map}
119  * instances created by these methods have the following characteristics:
120  *
121  * <ul>
122  * <li>They are <a href="Collection.html#unmodifiable"><i>unmodifiable</i></a>. Keys and values
123  * cannot be added, removed, or updated. Calling any mutator method on the Map
124  * will always cause {@code UnsupportedOperationException} to be thrown.
125  * However, if the contained keys or values are themselves mutable, this may cause the
126  * Map to behave inconsistently or its contents to appear to change.
127  * <li>They disallow {@code null} keys and values. Attempts to create them with
128  * {@code null} keys or values result in {@code NullPointerException}.
129  * <li>They are serializable if all keys and values are serializable.
130  * <li>They reject duplicate keys at creation time. Duplicate keys
131  * passed to a static factory method result in {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
132  * <li>The iteration order of mappings is unspecified and is subject to change.
133  * <li>They are <a href="../lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>.
134  * Programmers should treat instances that are {@linkplain #equals(Object) equal}
135  * as interchangeable and should not use them for synchronization, or
136  * unpredictable behavior may occur. For example, in a future release,
137  * synchronization may fail. Callers should make no assumptions
138  * about the identity of the returned instances. Factories are free to
139  * create new instances or reuse existing ones.
140  * <li>They are serialized as specified on the
141  * <a href="{@docRoot}/serialized-form.html#java.util.CollSer">Serialized Form</a>
142  * page.
143  * </ul>
144  *
145  * <p>This interface is a member of the
146  * <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/package-summary.html#CollectionsFramework">
147  * Java Collections Framework</a>.
148  *
149  * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
150  * @param <V> the type of mapped values
151  *
152  * @author  Josh Bloch
153  * @see HashMap
154  * @see TreeMap
155  * @see Hashtable
156  * @see SortedMap
157  * @see Collection
158  * @see Set
159  * @since 1.2
160  */
161 public interface Map<K, V> {
162     // Query Operations
163 
164     /**
165      * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.  If the
166      * map contains more than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} elements, returns
167      * {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
168      *
169      * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
170      */
size()171     int size();
172 
173     /**
174      * Returns {@code true} if this map contains no key-value mappings.
175      *
176      * @return {@code true} if this map contains no key-value mappings
177      */
isEmpty()178     boolean isEmpty();
179 
180     /**
181      * Returns {@code true} if this map contains a mapping for the specified
182      * key.  More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if
183      * this map contains a mapping for a key {@code k} such that
184      * {@code Objects.equals(key, k)}.  (There can be
185      * at most one such mapping.)
186      *
187      * @param key key whose presence in this map is to be tested
188      * @return {@code true} if this map contains a mapping for the specified
189      *         key
190      * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
191      *         this map
192      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
193      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
194      *         does not permit null keys
195      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
196      */
containsKey(Object key)197     boolean containsKey(Object key);
198 
199     /**
200      * Returns {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
201      * specified value.  More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if
202      * this map contains at least one mapping to a value {@code v} such that
203      * {@code Objects.equals(value, v)}.  This operation
204      * will probably require time linear in the map size for most
205      * implementations of the {@code Map} interface.
206      *
207      * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
208      * @return {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
209      *         specified value
210      * @throws ClassCastException if the value is of an inappropriate type for
211      *         this map
212      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
213      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null and this
214      *         map does not permit null values
215      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
216      */
containsValue(Object value)217     boolean containsValue(Object value);
218 
219     /**
220      * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
221      * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
222      *
223      * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
224      * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that
225      * {@code Objects.equals(key, k)},
226      * then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
227      * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
228      *
229      * <p>If this map permits null values, then a return value of
230      * {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i> indicate that the map
231      * contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
232      * explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.  The {@link #containsKey
233      * containsKey} operation may be used to distinguish these two cases.
234      *
235      * @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
236      * @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
237      *         {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key
238      * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
239      *         this map
240      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
241      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
242      *         does not permit null keys
243      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
244      */
get(Object key)245     V get(Object key);
246 
247     // Modification Operations
248 
249     /**
250      * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map
251      * (optional operation).  If the map previously contained a mapping for
252      * the key, the old value is replaced by the specified value.  (A map
253      * {@code m} is said to contain a mapping for a key {@code k} if and only
254      * if {@link #containsKey(Object) m.containsKey(k)} would return
255      * {@code true}.)
256      *
257      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
258      * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
259      * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
260      *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}.
261      *         (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
262      *         previously associated {@code null} with {@code key},
263      *         if the implementation supports {@code null} values.)
264      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
265      *         is not supported by this map
266      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
267      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
268      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
269      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
270      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
271      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
272      */
put(K key, V value)273     V put(K key, V value);
274 
275     /**
276      * Removes the mapping for a key from this map if it is present
277      * (optional operation).   More formally, if this map contains a mapping
278      * from key {@code k} to value {@code v} such that
279      * {@code Objects.equals(key, k)}, that mapping
280      * is removed.  (The map can contain at most one such mapping.)
281      *
282      * <p>Returns the value to which this map previously associated the key,
283      * or {@code null} if the map contained no mapping for the key.
284      *
285      * <p>If this map permits null values, then a return value of
286      * {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i> indicate that the map
287      * contained no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
288      * explicitly mapped the key to {@code null}.
289      *
290      * <p>The map will not contain a mapping for the specified key once the
291      * call returns.
292      *
293      * @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
294      * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
295      *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}.
296      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove} operation
297      *         is not supported by this map
298      * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
299      *         this map
300      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
301      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this
302      *         map does not permit null keys
303      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
304      */
remove(Object key)305     V remove(Object key);
306 
307 
308     // Bulk Operations
309 
310     /**
311      * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map
312      * (optional operation).  The effect of this call is equivalent to that
313      * of calling {@link #put(Object,Object) put(k, v)} on this map once
314      * for each mapping from key {@code k} to value {@code v} in the
315      * specified map.  The behavior of this operation is undefined if the
316      * specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
317      *
318      * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
319      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code putAll} operation
320      *         is not supported by this map
321      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of a key or value in the
322      *         specified map prevents it from being stored in this map
323      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null, or if
324      *         this map does not permit null keys or values, and the
325      *         specified map contains null keys or values
326      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a key or value in
327      *         the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map
328      */
putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)329     void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m);
330 
331     /**
332      * Removes all of the mappings from this map (optional operation).
333      * The map will be empty after this call returns.
334      *
335      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code clear} operation
336      *         is not supported by this map
337      */
clear()338     void clear();
339 
340 
341     // Views
342 
343     /**
344      * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
345      * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
346      * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
347      * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
348      * the iterator's own {@code remove} operation), the results of
349      * the iteration are undefined.  The set supports element removal,
350      * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
351      * {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
352      * {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
353      * operations.  It does not support the {@code add} or {@code addAll}
354      * operations.
355      *
356      * @return a set view of the keys contained in this map
357      */
keySet()358     Set<K> keySet();
359 
360     /**
361      * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
362      * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
363      * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  If the map is
364      * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
365      * (except through the iterator's own {@code remove} operation),
366      * the results of the iteration are undefined.  The collection
367      * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
368      * mapping from the map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
369      * {@code Collection.remove}, {@code removeAll},
370      * {@code retainAll} and {@code clear} operations.  It does not
371      * support the {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
372      *
373      * @return a collection view of the values contained in this map
374      */
values()375     Collection<V> values();
376 
377     /**
378      * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
379      * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
380      * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
381      * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
382      * the iterator's own {@code remove} operation, or through the
383      * {@code setValue} operation on a map entry returned by the
384      * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set
385      * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
386      * mapping from the map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
387      * {@code Set.remove}, {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll} and
388      * {@code clear} operations.  It does not support the
389      * {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
390      *
391      * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
392      */
entrySet()393     Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet();
394 
395     /**
396      * A map entry (key-value pair). The Entry may be unmodifiable, or the
397      * value may be modifiable if the optional {@code setValue} method is
398      * implemented. The Entry may be independent of any map, or it may represent
399      * an entry of the entry-set view of a map.
400      * <p>
401      * Instances of the {@code Map.Entry} interface may be obtained by iterating
402      * the entry-set view of a map. These instances maintain a connection to the
403      * original, backing map. This connection to the backing map is valid
404      * <i>only</i> for the duration of iteration over the entry-set view.
405      * During iteration of the entry-set view, if supported by the backing map,
406      * a change to a {@code Map.Entry}'s value via the
407      * {@link Map.Entry#setValue setValue} method will be visible in the backing map.
408      * The behavior of such a {@code Map.Entry} instance is undefined outside of
409      * iteration of the map's entry-set view. It is also undefined if the backing
410      * map has been modified after the {@code Map.Entry} was returned by the
411      * iterator, except through the {@code Map.Entry.setValue} method. In particular,
412      * a change to the value of a mapping in the backing map might or might not be
413      * visible in the corresponding {@code Map.Entry} element of the entry-set view.
414      *
415      * @see Map#entrySet()
416      * @since 1.2
417      */
418     interface Entry<K, V> {
419         /**
420          * Returns the key corresponding to this entry.
421          *
422          * @return the key corresponding to this entry
423          * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
424          *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
425          *         removed from the backing map.
426          */
getKey()427         K getKey();
428 
429         /**
430          * Returns the value corresponding to this entry.  If the mapping
431          * has been removed from the backing map (by the iterator's
432          * {@code remove} operation), the results of this call are undefined.
433          *
434          * @return the value corresponding to this entry
435          * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
436          *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
437          *         removed from the backing map.
438          */
getValue()439         V getValue();
440 
441         /**
442          * Replaces the value corresponding to this entry with the specified
443          * value (optional operation).  (Writes through to the map.)  The
444          * behavior of this call is undefined if the mapping has already been
445          * removed from the map (by the iterator's {@code remove} operation).
446          *
447          * @param value new value to be stored in this entry
448          * @return old value corresponding to the entry
449          * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
450          *         is not supported by the backing map
451          * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified value
452          *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map
453          * @throws NullPointerException if the backing map does not permit
454          *         null values, and the specified value is null
455          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this value
456          *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map
457          * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
458          *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
459          *         removed from the backing map.
460          */
setValue(V value)461         V setValue(V value);
462 
463         /**
464          * Compares the specified object with this entry for equality.
465          * Returns {@code true} if the given object is also a map entry and
466          * the two entries represent the same mapping.  More formally, two
467          * entries {@code e1} and {@code e2} represent the same mapping
468          * if<pre>
469          *     (e1.getKey()==null ?
470          *      e2.getKey()==null : e1.getKey().equals(e2.getKey()))  &amp;&amp;
471          *     (e1.getValue()==null ?
472          *      e2.getValue()==null : e1.getValue().equals(e2.getValue()))
473          * </pre>
474          * This ensures that the {@code equals} method works properly across
475          * different implementations of the {@code Map.Entry} interface.
476          *
477          * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map entry
478          * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this map
479          *         entry
480          */
equals(Object o)481         boolean equals(Object o);
482 
483         /**
484          * Returns the hash code value for this map entry.  The hash code
485          * of a map entry {@code e} is defined to be: <pre>
486          *     (e.getKey()==null   ? 0 : e.getKey().hashCode()) ^
487          *     (e.getValue()==null ? 0 : e.getValue().hashCode())
488          * </pre>
489          * This ensures that {@code e1.equals(e2)} implies that
490          * {@code e1.hashCode()==e2.hashCode()} for any two Entries
491          * {@code e1} and {@code e2}, as required by the general
492          * contract of {@code Object.hashCode}.
493          *
494          * @return the hash code value for this map entry
495          * @see Object#hashCode()
496          * @see Object#equals(Object)
497          * @see #equals(Object)
498          */
hashCode()499         int hashCode();
500 
501         /**
502          * Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on key.
503          *
504          * <p>The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
505          * NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with a null key.
506          *
507          * @param  <K> the {@link Comparable} type of then map keys
508          * @param  <V> the type of the map values
509          * @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on key.
510          * @see Comparable
511          * @since 1.8
512          */
comparingByKey()513         public static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByKey() {
514             return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
515                 (c1, c2) -> c1.getKey().compareTo(c2.getKey());
516         }
517 
518         /**
519          * Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on value.
520          *
521          * <p>The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
522          * NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with null values.
523          *
524          * @param <K> the type of the map keys
525          * @param <V> the {@link Comparable} type of the map values
526          * @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on value.
527          * @see Comparable
528          * @since 1.8
529          */
comparingByValue()530         public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByValue() {
531             return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
532                 (c1, c2) -> c1.getValue().compareTo(c2.getValue());
533         }
534 
535         /**
536          * Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by key using the given
537          * {@link Comparator}.
538          *
539          * <p>The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
540          * is also serializable.
541          *
542          * @param  <K> the type of the map keys
543          * @param  <V> the type of the map values
544          * @param  cmp the key {@link Comparator}
545          * @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by the key.
546          * @since 1.8
547          */
comparingByKey(Comparator<? super K> cmp)548         public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByKey(Comparator<? super K> cmp) {
549             Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
550             return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
551                 (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getKey(), c2.getKey());
552         }
553 
554         /**
555          * Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by value using the given
556          * {@link Comparator}.
557          *
558          * <p>The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
559          * is also serializable.
560          *
561          * @param  <K> the type of the map keys
562          * @param  <V> the type of the map values
563          * @param  cmp the value {@link Comparator}
564          * @return a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} by the value.
565          * @since 1.8
566          */
comparingByValue(Comparator<? super V> cmp)567         public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByValue(Comparator<? super V> cmp) {
568             Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
569             return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
570                 (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getValue(), c2.getValue());
571         }
572 
573         /**
574          * Returns a copy of the given {@code Map.Entry}. The returned instance is not
575          * associated with any map. The returned instance has the same characteristics
576          * as instances returned by the {@link Map#entry Map::entry} method.
577          *
578          * @apiNote
579          * An instance obtained from a map's entry-set view has a connection to that map.
580          * The {@code copyOf}  method may be used to create a {@code Map.Entry} instance,
581          * containing the same key and value, that is independent of any map.
582          *
583          * @implNote
584          * If the given entry was obtained from a call to {@code copyOf} or {@code Map::entry},
585          * calling {@code copyOf} will generally not create another copy.
586          *
587          * @param <K> the type of the key
588          * @param <V> the type of the value
589          * @param e the entry to be copied
590          * @return a map entry equal to the given entry
591          * @throws NullPointerException if e is null or if either of its key or value is null
592          * @since 17
593          * @hide
594          */
595         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
copyOf(Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e)596         public static <K, V> Map.Entry<K, V> copyOf(Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e) {
597             Objects.requireNonNull(e);
598             if (e instanceof KeyValueHolder) {
599                 return (Map.Entry<K, V>) e;
600             } else {
601                 return Map.entry(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
602             }
603         }
604     }
605 
606     // Comparison and hashing
607 
608     /**
609      * Compares the specified object with this map for equality.  Returns
610      * {@code true} if the given object is also a map and the two maps
611      * represent the same mappings.  More formally, two maps {@code m1} and
612      * {@code m2} represent the same mappings if
613      * {@code m1.entrySet().equals(m2.entrySet())}.  This ensures that the
614      * {@code equals} method works properly across different implementations
615      * of the {@code Map} interface.
616      *
617      * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map
618      * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this map
619      */
equals(Object o)620     boolean equals(Object o);
621 
622     /**
623      * Returns the hash code value for this map.  The hash code of a map is
624      * defined to be the sum of the hash codes of each entry in the map's
625      * {@code entrySet()} view.  This ensures that {@code m1.equals(m2)}
626      * implies that {@code m1.hashCode()==m2.hashCode()} for any two maps
627      * {@code m1} and {@code m2}, as required by the general contract of
628      * {@link Object#hashCode}.
629      *
630      * @return the hash code value for this map
631      * @see Map.Entry#hashCode()
632      * @see Object#equals(Object)
633      * @see #equals(Object)
634      */
hashCode()635     int hashCode();
636 
637     // Defaultable methods
638 
639     /**
640      * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
641      * {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
642      *
643      * @implSpec
644      * The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
645      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
646      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
647      * concurrency properties.
648      *
649      * @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
650      * @param defaultValue the default mapping of the key
651      * @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
652      * {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key
653      * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
654      * this map
655      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
656      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
657      * does not permit null keys
658      * (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
659      * @since 1.8
660      */
getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue)661     default V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
662         V v;
663         return (((v = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key))
664             ? v
665             : defaultValue;
666     }
667 
668     /**
669      * Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries
670      * have been processed or the action throws an exception.   Unless
671      * otherwise specified by the implementing class, actions are performed in
672      * the order of entry set iteration (if an iteration order is specified.)
673      * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
674      *
675      * @implSpec
676      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
677      * <pre> {@code
678      * for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet())
679      *     action.accept(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
680      * }</pre>
681      *
682      * The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
683      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
684      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
685      * concurrency properties.
686      *
687      * @param action The action to be performed for each entry
688      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
689      * @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
690      * removed during iteration
691      * @since 1.8
692      */
forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action)693     default void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
694         Objects.requireNonNull(action);
695         for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
696             K k;
697             V v;
698             try {
699                 k = entry.getKey();
700                 v = entry.getValue();
701             } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
702                 // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
703                 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
704             }
705             action.accept(k, v);
706         }
707     }
708 
709     /**
710      * Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given
711      * function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the
712      * function throws an exception.  Exceptions thrown by the function are
713      * relayed to the caller.
714      *
715      * @implSpec
716      * <p>The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
717      * <pre> {@code
718      * for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet())
719      *     entry.setValue(function.apply(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
720      * }</pre>
721      *
722      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
723      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
724      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
725      * concurrency properties.
726      *
727      * @param function the function to apply to each entry
728      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code set} operation
729      * is not supported by this map's entry set iterator.
730      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of a replacement value
731      * prevents it from being stored in this map
732      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified function is null, or the
733      * specified replacement value is null, and this map does not permit null
734      * values
735      * @throws ClassCastException if a replacement value is of an inappropriate
736      *         type for this map
737      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
738      * @throws NullPointerException if function or a replacement value is null,
739      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
740      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
741      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a replacement value
742      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
743      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
744      * @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
745      * removed during iteration
746      * @since 1.8
747      */
replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)748     default void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
749         Objects.requireNonNull(function);
750         for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
751             K k;
752             V v;
753             try {
754                 k = entry.getKey();
755                 v = entry.getValue();
756             } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
757                 // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
758                 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
759             }
760 
761             // ise thrown from function is not a cme.
762             v = function.apply(k, v);
763 
764             try {
765                 entry.setValue(v);
766             } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
767                 // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
768                 throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
769             }
770         }
771     }
772 
773     /**
774      * If the specified key is not already associated with a value (or is mapped
775      * to {@code null}) associates it with the given value and returns
776      * {@code null}, else returns the current value.
777      *
778      * @implSpec
779      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
780      *
781      * <pre> {@code
782      * V v = map.get(key);
783      * if (v == null)
784      *     v = map.put(key, value);
785      *
786      * return v;
787      * }</pre>
788      *
789      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
790      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
791      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
792      * concurrency properties.
793      *
794      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
795      * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
796      * @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
797      *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
798      *         (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
799      *         previously associated {@code null} with the key,
800      *         if the implementation supports null values.)
801      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
802      *         is not supported by this map
803      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
804      * @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
805      *         type for this map
806      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
807      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
808      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
809      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
810      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
811      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
812      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
813      * @since 1.8
814      */
putIfAbsent(K key, V value)815     default V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
816         V v = get(key);
817         if (v == null) {
818             v = put(key, value);
819         }
820 
821         return v;
822     }
823 
824     /**
825      * Removes the entry for the specified key only if it is currently
826      * mapped to the specified value.
827      *
828      * @implSpec
829      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
830      *
831      * <pre> {@code
832      * if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), value)) {
833      *     map.remove(key);
834      *     return true;
835      * } else
836      *     return false;
837      * }</pre>
838      *
839      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
840      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
841      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
842      * concurrency properties.
843      *
844      * @param key key with which the specified value is associated
845      * @param value value expected to be associated with the specified key
846      * @return {@code true} if the value was removed
847      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove} operation
848      *         is not supported by this map
849      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
850      * @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
851      *         type for this map
852      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
853      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
854      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
855      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
856      * @since 1.8
857      */
remove(Object key, Object value)858     default boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
859         Object curValue = get(key);
860         if (!Objects.equals(curValue, value) ||
861             (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
862             return false;
863         }
864         remove(key);
865         return true;
866     }
867 
868     /**
869      * Replaces the entry for the specified key only if currently
870      * mapped to the specified value.
871      *
872      * @implSpec
873      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
874      *
875      * <pre> {@code
876      * if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), oldValue)) {
877      *     map.put(key, newValue);
878      *     return true;
879      * } else
880      *     return false;
881      * }</pre>
882      *
883      * The default implementation does not throw NullPointerException
884      * for maps that do not support null values if oldValue is null unless
885      * newValue is also null.
886      *
887      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
888      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
889      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
890      * concurrency properties.
891      *
892      * @param key key with which the specified value is associated
893      * @param oldValue value expected to be associated with the specified key
894      * @param newValue value to be associated with the specified key
895      * @return {@code true} if the value was replaced
896      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
897      *         is not supported by this map
898      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
899      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of a specified key or value
900      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
901      * @throws NullPointerException if a specified key or newValue is null,
902      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
903      * @throws NullPointerException if oldValue is null and this map does not
904      *         permit null values
905      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
906      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a specified key
907      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
908      * @since 1.8
909      */
replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue)910     default boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
911         Object curValue = get(key);
912         if (!Objects.equals(curValue, oldValue) ||
913             (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
914             return false;
915         }
916         put(key, newValue);
917         return true;
918     }
919 
920     /**
921      * Replaces the entry for the specified key only if it is
922      * currently mapped to some value.
923      *
924      * @implSpec
925      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
926      *
927      * <pre> {@code
928      * if (map.containsKey(key)) {
929      *     return map.put(key, value);
930      * } else
931      *     return null;
932      * }</pre>
933      *
934      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
935      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
936      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
937      * concurrency properties.
938      *
939      * @param key key with which the specified value is associated
940      * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
941      * @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
942      *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
943      *         (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
944      *         previously associated {@code null} with the key,
945      *         if the implementation supports null values.)
946      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
947      *         is not supported by this map
948      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
949      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
950      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
951      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
952      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
953      *         and this map does not permit null keys or values
954      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
955      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
956      * @since 1.8
957      */
replace(K key, V value)958     default V replace(K key, V value) {
959         V curValue;
960         if (((curValue = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key)) {
961             curValue = put(key, value);
962         }
963         return curValue;
964     }
965 
966     /**
967      * If the specified key is not already associated with a value (or is mapped
968      * to {@code null}), attempts to compute its value using the given mapping
969      * function and enters it into this map unless {@code null}.
970      *
971      * <p>If the mapping function returns {@code null}, no mapping is recorded.
972      * If the mapping function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the
973      * exception is rethrown, and no mapping is recorded.  The most
974      * common usage is to construct a new object serving as an initial
975      * mapped value or memoized result, as in:
976      *
977      * <pre> {@code
978      * map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new Value(f(k)));
979      * }</pre>
980      *
981      * <p>Or to implement a multi-value map, {@code Map<K,Collection<V>>},
982      * supporting multiple values per key:
983      *
984      * <pre> {@code
985      * map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new HashSet<V>()).add(v);
986      * }</pre>
987      *
988      * <p>The mapping function should not modify this map during computation.
989      *
990      * @implSpec
991      * The default implementation is equivalent to the following steps for this
992      * {@code map}, then returning the current value or {@code null} if now
993      * absent:
994      *
995      * <pre> {@code
996      * if (map.get(key) == null) {
997      *     V newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key);
998      *     if (newValue != null)
999      *         map.put(key, newValue);
1000      * }
1001      * }</pre>
1002      *
1003      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about detecting if the
1004      * mapping function modifies this map during computation and, if
1005      * appropriate, reporting an error. Non-concurrent implementations should
1006      * override this method and, on a best-effort basis, throw a
1007      * {@code ConcurrentModificationException} if it is detected that the
1008      * mapping function modifies this map during computation. Concurrent
1009      * implementations should override this method and, on a best-effort basis,
1010      * throw an {@code IllegalStateException} if it is detected that the
1011      * mapping function modifies this map during computation and as a result
1012      * computation would never complete.
1013      *
1014      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
1015      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
1016      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
1017      * concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
1018      * subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
1019      * whether the mapping function is applied once atomically only if the value
1020      * is not present.
1021      *
1022      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1023      * @param mappingFunction the mapping function to compute a value
1024      * @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
1025      *         the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
1026      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
1027      *         this map does not support null keys, or the mappingFunction
1028      *         is null
1029      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
1030      *         is not supported by this map
1031      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1032      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
1033      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
1034      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1035      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
1036      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
1037      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1038      * @since 1.8
1039      */
computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction)1040     default V computeIfAbsent(K key,
1041             Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
1042         Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
1043         V v;
1044         if ((v = get(key)) == null) {
1045             V newValue;
1046             if ((newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
1047                 put(key, newValue);
1048                 return newValue;
1049             }
1050         }
1051 
1052         return v;
1053     }
1054 
1055     /**
1056      * If the value for the specified key is present and non-null, attempts to
1057      * compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped value.
1058      *
1059      * <p>If the remapping function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed.
1060      * If the remapping function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the
1061      * exception is rethrown, and the current mapping is left unchanged.
1062      *
1063      * <p>The remapping function should not modify this map during computation.
1064      *
1065      * @implSpec
1066      * The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
1067      * steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
1068      * {@code null} if now absent:
1069      *
1070      * <pre> {@code
1071      * if (map.get(key) != null) {
1072      *     V oldValue = map.get(key);
1073      *     V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
1074      *     if (newValue != null)
1075      *         map.put(key, newValue);
1076      *     else
1077      *         map.remove(key);
1078      * }
1079      * }</pre>
1080      *
1081      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about detecting if the
1082      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and, if
1083      * appropriate, reporting an error. Non-concurrent implementations should
1084      * override this method and, on a best-effort basis, throw a
1085      * {@code ConcurrentModificationException} if it is detected that the
1086      * remapping function modifies this map during computation. Concurrent
1087      * implementations should override this method and, on a best-effort basis,
1088      * throw an {@code IllegalStateException} if it is detected that the
1089      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and as a result
1090      * computation would never complete.
1091      *
1092      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
1093      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
1094      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
1095      * concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
1096      * subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
1097      * whether the remapping function is applied once atomically only if the
1098      * value is not present.
1099      *
1100      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1101      * @param remappingFunction the remapping function to compute a value
1102      * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1103      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
1104      *         this map does not support null keys, or the
1105      *         remappingFunction is null
1106      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
1107      *         is not supported by this map
1108      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1109      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
1110      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
1111      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1112      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
1113      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
1114      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1115      * @since 1.8
1116      */
computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction)1117     default V computeIfPresent(K key,
1118             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1119         Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
1120         V oldValue;
1121         if ((oldValue = get(key)) != null) {
1122             V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
1123             if (newValue != null) {
1124                 put(key, newValue);
1125                 return newValue;
1126             } else {
1127                 remove(key);
1128                 return null;
1129             }
1130         } else {
1131             return null;
1132         }
1133     }
1134 
1135     /**
1136      * Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its current
1137      * mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current mapping). For
1138      * example, to either create or append a {@code String} msg to a value
1139      * mapping:
1140      *
1141      * <pre> {@code
1142      * map.compute(key, (k, v) -> (v == null) ? msg : v.concat(msg))}</pre>
1143      * (Method {@link #merge merge()} is often simpler to use for such purposes.)
1144      *
1145      * <p>If the remapping function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed
1146      * (or remains absent if initially absent).  If the remapping function
1147      * itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the exception is rethrown, and
1148      * the current mapping is left unchanged.
1149      *
1150      * <p>The remapping function should not modify this map during computation.
1151      *
1152      * @implSpec
1153      * The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
1154      * steps for this {@code map}:
1155      *
1156      * <pre> {@code
1157      * V oldValue = map.get(key);
1158      * V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
1159      * if (newValue != null) {
1160      *     map.put(key, newValue);
1161      * } else if (oldValue != null || map.containsKey(key)) {
1162      *     map.remove(key);
1163      * }
1164      * return newValue;
1165      * }</pre>
1166      *
1167      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about detecting if the
1168      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and, if
1169      * appropriate, reporting an error. Non-concurrent implementations should
1170      * override this method and, on a best-effort basis, throw a
1171      * {@code ConcurrentModificationException} if it is detected that the
1172      * remapping function modifies this map during computation. Concurrent
1173      * implementations should override this method and, on a best-effort basis,
1174      * throw an {@code IllegalStateException} if it is detected that the
1175      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and as a result
1176      * computation would never complete.
1177      *
1178      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
1179      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
1180      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
1181      * concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
1182      * subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
1183      * whether the remapping function is applied once atomically only if the
1184      * value is not present.
1185      *
1186      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1187      * @param remappingFunction the remapping function to compute a value
1188      * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1189      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
1190      *         this map does not support null keys, or the
1191      *         remappingFunction is null
1192      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
1193      *         is not supported by this map
1194      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1195      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
1196      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
1197      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1198      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
1199      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
1200      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1201      * @since 1.8
1202      */
compute(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction)1203     default V compute(K key,
1204             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1205         Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
1206         V oldValue = get(key);
1207 
1208         V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
1209         if (newValue == null) {
1210             // delete mapping
1211             if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {
1212                 // something to remove
1213                 remove(key);
1214                 return null;
1215             } else {
1216                 // nothing to do. Leave things as they were.
1217                 return null;
1218             }
1219         } else {
1220             // add or replace old mapping
1221             put(key, newValue);
1222             return newValue;
1223         }
1224     }
1225 
1226     /**
1227      * If the specified key is not already associated with a value or is
1228      * associated with null, associates it with the given non-null value.
1229      * Otherwise, replaces the associated value with the results of the given
1230      * remapping function, or removes if the result is {@code null}. This
1231      * method may be of use when combining multiple mapped values for a key.
1232      * For example, to either create or append a {@code String msg} to a
1233      * value mapping:
1234      *
1235      * <pre> {@code
1236      * map.merge(key, msg, String::concat)
1237      * }</pre>
1238      *
1239      * <p>If the remapping function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed.
1240      * If the remapping function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the
1241      * exception is rethrown, and the current mapping is left unchanged.
1242      *
1243      * <p>The remapping function should not modify this map during computation.
1244      *
1245      * @implSpec
1246      * The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
1247      * steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
1248      * {@code null} if absent:
1249      *
1250      * <pre> {@code
1251      * V oldValue = map.get(key);
1252      * V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
1253      *              remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
1254      * if (newValue == null)
1255      *     map.remove(key);
1256      * else
1257      *     map.put(key, newValue);
1258      * }</pre>
1259      *
1260      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about detecting if the
1261      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and, if
1262      * appropriate, reporting an error. Non-concurrent implementations should
1263      * override this method and, on a best-effort basis, throw a
1264      * {@code ConcurrentModificationException} if it is detected that the
1265      * remapping function modifies this map during computation. Concurrent
1266      * implementations should override this method and, on a best-effort basis,
1267      * throw an {@code IllegalStateException} if it is detected that the
1268      * remapping function modifies this map during computation and as a result
1269      * computation would never complete.
1270      *
1271      * <p>The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
1272      * or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
1273      * atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
1274      * concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
1275      * subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
1276      * whether the remapping function is applied once atomically only if the
1277      * value is not present.
1278      *
1279      * @param key key with which the resulting value is to be associated
1280      * @param value the non-null value to be merged with the existing value
1281      *        associated with the key or, if no existing value or a null value
1282      *        is associated with the key, to be associated with the key
1283      * @param remappingFunction the remapping function to recompute a value if
1284      *        present
1285      * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if no
1286      *         value is associated with the key
1287      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
1288      *         is not supported by this map
1289      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1290      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
1291      *         prevents it from being stored in this map
1292      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1293      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
1294      *         or value prevents it from being stored in this map
1295      *         (<a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
1296      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
1297      *         does not support null keys or the value or remappingFunction is
1298      *         null
1299      * @since 1.8
1300      */
merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction)1301     default V merge(K key, V value,
1302             BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1303         Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
1304         Objects.requireNonNull(value);
1305         V oldValue = get(key);
1306         V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
1307                    remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
1308         if (newValue == null) {
1309             remove(key);
1310         } else {
1311             put(key, newValue);
1312         }
1313         return newValue;
1314     }
1315 
1316     /**
1317      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing zero mappings.
1318      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1319      *
1320      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1321      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1322      * @return an empty {@code Map}
1323      *
1324      * @since 9
1325      */
1326     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
of()1327     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of() {
1328         return (Map<K,V>) ImmutableCollections.EMPTY_MAP;
1329     }
1330 
1331     /**
1332      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing a single mapping.
1333      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1334      *
1335      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1336      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1337      * @param k1 the mapping's key
1338      * @param v1 the mapping's value
1339      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mapping
1340      * @throws NullPointerException if the key or the value is {@code null}
1341      *
1342      * @since 9
1343      */
of(K k1, V v1)1344     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1) {
1345         return new ImmutableCollections.Map1<>(k1, v1);
1346     }
1347 
1348     /**
1349      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing two mappings.
1350      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1351      *
1352      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1353      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1354      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1355      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1356      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1357      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1358      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1359      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the keys are duplicates
1360      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1361      *
1362      * @since 9
1363      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2)1364     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2) {
1365         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2);
1366     }
1367 
1368     /**
1369      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing three mappings.
1370      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1371      *
1372      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1373      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1374      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1375      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1376      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1377      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1378      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1379      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1380      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1381      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1382      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1383      *
1384      * @since 9
1385      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3)1386     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3) {
1387         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3);
1388     }
1389 
1390     /**
1391      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing four mappings.
1392      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1393      *
1394      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1395      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1396      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1397      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1398      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1399      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1400      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1401      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1402      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1403      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1404      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1405      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1406      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1407      *
1408      * @since 9
1409      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4)1410     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4) {
1411         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4);
1412     }
1413 
1414     /**
1415      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing five mappings.
1416      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1417      *
1418      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1419      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1420      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1421      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1422      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1423      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1424      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1425      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1426      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1427      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1428      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1429      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1430      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1431      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1432      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1433      *
1434      * @since 9
1435      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5)1436     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5) {
1437         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5);
1438     }
1439 
1440     /**
1441      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing six mappings.
1442      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1443      *
1444      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1445      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1446      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1447      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1448      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1449      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1450      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1451      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1452      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1453      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1454      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1455      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1456      * @param k6 the sixth mapping's key
1457      * @param v6 the sixth mapping's value
1458      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1459      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1460      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1461      *
1462      * @since 9
1463      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6)1464     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5,
1465                                K k6, V v6) {
1466         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5,
1467                                                k6, v6);
1468     }
1469 
1470     /**
1471      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing seven mappings.
1472      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1473      *
1474      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1475      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1476      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1477      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1478      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1479      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1480      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1481      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1482      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1483      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1484      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1485      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1486      * @param k6 the sixth mapping's key
1487      * @param v6 the sixth mapping's value
1488      * @param k7 the seventh mapping's key
1489      * @param v7 the seventh mapping's value
1490      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1491      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1492      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1493      *
1494      * @since 9
1495      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7)1496     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5,
1497                                K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7) {
1498         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5,
1499                                                k6, v6, k7, v7);
1500     }
1501 
1502     /**
1503      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing eight mappings.
1504      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1505      *
1506      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1507      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1508      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1509      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1510      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1511      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1512      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1513      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1514      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1515      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1516      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1517      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1518      * @param k6 the sixth mapping's key
1519      * @param v6 the sixth mapping's value
1520      * @param k7 the seventh mapping's key
1521      * @param v7 the seventh mapping's value
1522      * @param k8 the eighth mapping's key
1523      * @param v8 the eighth mapping's value
1524      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1525      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1526      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1527      *
1528      * @since 9
1529      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8)1530     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5,
1531                                K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8) {
1532         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5,
1533                                                k6, v6, k7, v7, k8, v8);
1534     }
1535 
1536     /**
1537      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing nine mappings.
1538      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1539      *
1540      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1541      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1542      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1543      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1544      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1545      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1546      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1547      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1548      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1549      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1550      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1551      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1552      * @param k6 the sixth mapping's key
1553      * @param v6 the sixth mapping's value
1554      * @param k7 the seventh mapping's key
1555      * @param v7 the seventh mapping's value
1556      * @param k8 the eighth mapping's key
1557      * @param v8 the eighth mapping's value
1558      * @param k9 the ninth mapping's key
1559      * @param v9 the ninth mapping's value
1560      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1561      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1562      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1563      *
1564      * @since 9
1565      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9)1566     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5,
1567                                K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9) {
1568         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5,
1569                                                k6, v6, k7, v7, k8, v8, k9, v9);
1570     }
1571 
1572     /**
1573      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing ten mappings.
1574      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1575      *
1576      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1577      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1578      * @param k1 the first mapping's key
1579      * @param v1 the first mapping's value
1580      * @param k2 the second mapping's key
1581      * @param v2 the second mapping's value
1582      * @param k3 the third mapping's key
1583      * @param v3 the third mapping's value
1584      * @param k4 the fourth mapping's key
1585      * @param v4 the fourth mapping's value
1586      * @param k5 the fifth mapping's key
1587      * @param v5 the fifth mapping's value
1588      * @param k6 the sixth mapping's key
1589      * @param v6 the sixth mapping's value
1590      * @param k7 the seventh mapping's key
1591      * @param v7 the seventh mapping's value
1592      * @param k8 the eighth mapping's key
1593      * @param v8 the eighth mapping's value
1594      * @param k9 the ninth mapping's key
1595      * @param v9 the ninth mapping's value
1596      * @param k10 the tenth mapping's key
1597      * @param v10 the tenth mapping's value
1598      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1599      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1600      * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value is {@code null}
1601      *
1602      * @since 9
1603      */
of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9, K k10, V v10)1604     static <K, V> Map<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5,
1605                                K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9, K k10, V v10) {
1606         return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(k1, v1, k2, v2, k3, v3, k4, v4, k5, v5,
1607                                                k6, v6, k7, v7, k8, v8, k9, v9, k10, v10);
1608     }
1609 
1610     /**
1611      * Returns an unmodifiable map containing keys and values extracted from the given entries.
1612      * The entries themselves are not stored in the map.
1613      * See <a href="#unmodifiable">Unmodifiable Maps</a> for details.
1614      *
1615      * @apiNote
1616      * It is convenient to create the map entries using the {@link Map#entry Map.entry()} method.
1617      * For example,
1618      *
1619      * <pre>{@code
1620      *     import static java.util.Map.entry;
1621      *
1622      *     Map<Integer,String> map = Map.ofEntries(
1623      *         entry(1, "a"),
1624      *         entry(2, "b"),
1625      *         entry(3, "c"),
1626      *         ...
1627      *         entry(26, "z"));
1628      * }</pre>
1629      *
1630      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1631      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1632      * @param entries {@code Map.Entry}s containing the keys and values from which the map is populated
1633      * @return a {@code Map} containing the specified mappings
1634      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are any duplicate keys
1635      * @throws NullPointerException if any entry, key, or value is {@code null}, or if
1636      *         the {@code entries} array is {@code null}
1637      *
1638      * @see Map#entry Map.entry()
1639      * @since 9
1640      */
1641     @SafeVarargs
1642     @SuppressWarnings("varargs")
ofEntries(Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>.... entries)1643     static <K, V> Map<K, V> ofEntries(Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>... entries) {
1644         if (entries.length == 0) { // implicit null check of entries array
1645             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1646             var map = (Map<K,V>) ImmutableCollections.EMPTY_MAP;
1647             return map;
1648         } else if (entries.length == 1) {
1649             // implicit null check of the array slot
1650             return new ImmutableCollections.Map1<>(entries[0].getKey(),
1651                     entries[0].getValue());
1652         } else {
1653             Object[] kva = new Object[entries.length << 1];
1654             int a = 0;
1655             for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> entry : entries) {
1656                 // implicit null checks of each array slot
1657                 kva[a++] = entry.getKey();
1658                 kva[a++] = entry.getValue();
1659             }
1660             return new ImmutableCollections.MapN<>(kva);
1661         }
1662     }
1663 
1664     /**
1665      * Returns an unmodifiable {@link Entry} containing the given key and value.
1666      * These entries are suitable for populating {@code Map} instances using the
1667      * {@link Map#ofEntries Map.ofEntries()} method.
1668      * The {@code Entry} instances created by this method have the following characteristics:
1669      *
1670      * <ul>
1671      * <li>They disallow {@code null} keys and values. Attempts to create them using a {@code null}
1672      * key or value result in {@code NullPointerException}.
1673      * <li>They are unmodifiable. Calls to {@link Entry#setValue Entry.setValue()}
1674      * on a returned {@code Entry} result in {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
1675      * <li>They are not serializable.
1676      * <li>They are <a href="../lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>.
1677      * Programmers should treat instances that are {@linkplain #equals(Object) equal}
1678      * as interchangeable and should not use them for synchronization, or
1679      * unpredictable behavior may occur. For example, in a future release,
1680      * synchronization may fail. Callers should make no assumptions
1681      * about the identity of the returned instances. This method is free to
1682      * create new instances or reuse existing ones.
1683      * </ul>
1684      *
1685      * @apiNote
1686      * For a serializable {@code Entry}, see {@link AbstractMap.SimpleEntry} or
1687      * {@link AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry}.
1688      *
1689      * @param <K> the key's type
1690      * @param <V> the value's type
1691      * @param k the key
1692      * @param v the value
1693      * @return an {@code Entry} containing the specified key and value
1694      * @throws NullPointerException if the key or value is {@code null}
1695      *
1696      * @see Map#ofEntries Map.ofEntries()
1697      * @since 9
1698      */
entry(K k, V v)1699     static <K, V> Entry<K, V> entry(K k, V v) {
1700         // KeyValueHolder checks for nulls
1701         return new KeyValueHolder<>(k, v);
1702     }
1703 
1704     /**
1705      * Returns an <a href="#unmodifiable">unmodifiable Map</a> containing the entries
1706      * of the given Map. The given Map must not be null, and it must not contain any
1707      * null keys or values. If the given Map is subsequently modified, the returned
1708      * Map will not reflect such modifications.
1709      *
1710      * @implNote
1711      * If the given Map is an <a href="#unmodifiable">unmodifiable Map</a>,
1712      * calling copyOf will generally not create a copy.
1713      *
1714      * @param <K> the {@code Map}'s key type
1715      * @param <V> the {@code Map}'s value type
1716      * @param map a {@code Map} from which entries are drawn, must be non-null
1717      * @return a {@code Map} containing the entries of the given {@code Map}
1718      * @throws NullPointerException if map is null, or if it contains any null keys or values
1719      * @since 10
1720      */
1721     @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
copyOf(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map)1722     static <K, V> Map<K, V> copyOf(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
1723         if (map instanceof ImmutableCollections.AbstractImmutableMap) {
1724             return (Map<K,V>)map;
1725         } else {
1726             return (Map<K,V>)Map.ofEntries(map.entrySet().toArray(new Entry[0]));
1727         }
1728     }
1729 }
1730