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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "dtds/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3 <?xml-stylesheet href="W3C-PR.css" type="text/css"?>
5 <head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
8 <link rel="stylesheet" href="W3C-PR.css" type="text/css" />
10 span.term { font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 192) }
13 font-family: monospace;
14 font-weight: bold;
19 font-family: monospace;
20 font-weight: bold;
24 border-width: 2px;
26 font-weight: bold;
27 margin-right: 5%;
28 margin-left: 0;
32 border-width: 2px;
33 margin-left: 0;
34 margin-right: 5%;
43 div.navbar { text-align: center; }
45 background-color: rgb(204,204,255);
48 margin-right: 5%;
50 .tocline { list-style: none; }
51 table.exceptions { background-color: rgb(255,255,153); }
57 <hr />
59 <div class="head"><p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img class="head" src="w3c_home.gif" alt="W3C" />…
66 <h3>W3C Proposed Recommendation 10 December 1999</h3>
71 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210">
72 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210</a> <br />
86 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-xhtml1-19991124">
87 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-xhtml1-19991124</a></dd>
88 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19990824">
89 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19990824</a></dd>
96 <p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
97 Copyright</a> © 1999 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><sup>®</sup>
98 …erved. <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Le…
99 liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
100 trademark</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
101 use</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software
103 <hr />
111 their attributes are defined in the W3C Recommendation for HTML
118 <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time
120 latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C.</em></p>
123 a revision of the Proposed Recommendation dated <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-199908…
126 comments and further deliberations of the W3C HTML Working Group. A
127 <a href="xhtml1-diff-19991210.html">diff-marked version</a> from the previous
134 W3C Advisory Committee representatives are encouraged
136 ballots to w3c-html-review@w3.org. Please send any comments of a
137 confidential nature in separate email to w3t-html@w3.org, which is
141 Director will announce the document's disposition: it may become a W3C
143 Draft status, or it may be dropped as a W3C work item.</p>
146 by the W3C membership. This is still a draft document and may be
147 updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
148 inappropriate to cite W3C Proposed Recommendation as other than "work
151 <p>This document has been produced as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">W3C HTML Acti…
158 <p>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents
161 … <a href="mailto:www-html@w3.org"> www-html@w3.org</a> (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Publ…
165 <p>Please report errors in this document to <a href="mailto:www-html-editor@w3.org">www-html-editor…
167 … at <a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/12/PR-xhtml1-19991210-errata">http://www.w3.org/1999/12/PR-xht…
238 <!--OddPage-->
242 reproduce, subset, and extend HTML 4.0 <a href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a>. XHTML family document types…
243 and ultimately are designed to work in conjunction with XML-based user agents.
250 applications of XML 1.0 <a href="#ref-xml"> [XML]</a>. It is intended
251 to be used as a language for content that is both XML-conforming and, if some
261 HTML 4.0-conforming user agents as well as in new, XHTML 1.0 conforming user
264 upon either the HTML Document Object Model or the XML Document Object Model <a href="#ref-dom">[DOM…
276 <p>HTML 4.0 <a href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a> is an <abbr title="Standard Generalized Markup Language…
288 language is both feature-rich and flexible. This flexibility,
295 for use by non-document specialists. HTML addressed the problem
302 <p>In a remarkably short space of time, HTML became wildly
317 Language, and is an acronym of Extensible Markup Language <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
339 through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new XHTML-conforming
352 develop XHTML-conforming content that is usable by any XHTML-conforming
356 <!--OddPage-->
362 terms extend the definitions in <a href="#ref-rfc2119">
363 [RFC2119]</a> in ways based upon similar definitions in ISO/<abbr title="International Electro-tech…
364 9945-1:1990 <a href="#ref-posix">[POSIX.1]</a>:</p>
367 <dt>Implementation-defined</dt>
369 <dd>A value or behavior is implementation-defined when it is left
494 <dt><a name="wellformed" id="wellformed">Well-formed</a></dt>
496 <dd>A <span class="term">document</span> is well-formed when it
497 is structured according to the rules defined in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#sec-well-form…
498 the XML 1.0 Recommendation <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.
504 <!--OddPage-->
513 attributes from the XHTML namespace. See <a href="#well-formed">Section 3.1.2</a> for information o…
537 namespace using the <code>xmlns</code> attribute <a href="#ref-xmlns">[XMLNAMES]</a>. The namespace…
552 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
553 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd>
556 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
557 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd>
560 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
561 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd>
570 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
572 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
573 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
587 when the character encoding of the document is other than the default UTF-8 or
588 UTF-16.</p>
590 <h3><a name="well-formed" id="well-formed">3.1.2 Using XHTML with
594 as per <a href="#ref-xmlns">[XMLNAMES]</a>, although such
596 defined above. Future work by W3C will address ways to specify
628 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
629 <!-- initially, the default namespace is "books" -->
631 xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6' xml:lang="en" lang="en">
635 <!-- make HTML the default namespace for a hypertext commentary -->
651 <li>In order to be consistent with the XML 1.0 Recommendation <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>, the use…
652 an XHTML document for well-formedness. If the user agent claims
654 against their referenced DTDs according to <a href="#ref-xml">
682 with the ampersand and ending with the semi-colon) that
700 single line-feed character, that is passed up to the application. The XHTML
706 <li>Zero-width space (&#x200B;)</li>
749 e.g. 'kitAbuhum' = 'kitAbu-hum' = 'book them' == their book); and languages
755 <p>Whitespace in attribute values is processed according to <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
759 <!--OddPage-->
764 practices that were perfectly legal in SGML-based HTML 4.0 <a href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a> must be …
766 <h2><a name="h-4.1" id="h-4.1">4.1 Documents must be
767 well-formed</a></h2>
769 <p><a href="#wellformed">Well-formedness</a> is a new concept
770 introduced by <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>. Essentially this
792 <h2><a name="h-4.2" id="h-4.2">4.2 Element and attribute
797 case-sensitive e.g. <li> and <LI> are different
800 <h2><a name="h-4.3" id="h-4.3">4.3 For non-empty elements,
803 <p>In SGML-based HTML 4.0 certain elements were permitted to omit
805 This omission is not permitted in XML-based XHTML. All elements
823 <h2><a name="h-4.4" id="h-4.4">4.4 Attribute values must
841 <h2><a name="h-4.5" id="h-4.5">4.5 Attribute
844 <p>XML does not support attribute minimization. Attribute-value
861 <h2><a name="h-4.6" id="h-4.6">4.6 Empty Elements</a></h2>
864 <code><br/></code> or <code><hr></hr></code>. See <a href="#guidelines">HTML Comp…
870 <p><br/><hr/></p>
876 <p><br><hr></p>
879 <h2><a name="h-4.7" id="h-4.7">4.7 Whitespace handling in
885 a single inter-word space (an ASCII space character for western
886 scripts). See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#AVNormalize">
887 Section 3.3.3</a> of <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
889 <h2><a name="h-4.8" id="h-4.8">4.8 Script and Style
914 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/level-one-core.html#ID-E067D597">
915 Section 1.3</a> of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation <a href="#ref-dom">[DOM]</a>.</p>
920 <h2><a name="h-4.9" id="h-4.9">4.9 SGML exclusions</a></h2>
935 <h2><a name="h-4.10" id="h-4.10">4.10 The elements with 'id' and 'name'
949 ensure that XHTML 1.0 documents are well-structured XML documents, XHTML 1.0
961 <!--OddPage-->
971 recommended MIME labeling for XML-based applications
981 <!--OddPage-->
988 mechanism will enable the extension and sub-setting of XHTML 1.0
996 held device or a cell-phone may only support a subset of XHTML
1003 <p>These modules will be defined in a later W3C document.</p>
1012 <p>It provides a formal mechanism for sub-setting XHTML.</p>
1049 <!--OddPage-->
1059 <h2><a name="h-A1" id="h-A1">A.1 Document Type
1068 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" type="text/plain">
1069 XHTML-1.0-Strict</a></p>
1073 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" type="text/plain">
1074 XHTML-1.0-Transitional</a></p>
1078 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd" type="text/plain">
1079 XHTML-1.0-Frameset</a></p>
1083 <h2><a name="h-A2" id="h-A2">A.2 Entity Sets</a></h2>
1093 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-lat1.ent">Latin-1 characters</a></p>
1097 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-special.ent">Special characters</a></p>
1101 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-symbol.ent">Symbols</a></p>
1105 <!--OddPage-->
1112 they can contain (see <a href="#h-4.9">Section 4.9</a>). This
1135 <!--OddPage-->
1148 in a document, the document can only use the default character encodings UTF-8
1149 or UTF-16.</p>
1155 <hr /></code> and <code class="greenmono"><img
1169 <</code> or <code>&</code> or <code>]]></code> or <code>--</code>. Use
1171 &</code> or <code>]]></code> or <code>--</code>. Note that XML parsers
1174 documents backward compatible is likely to not work as expected in XML-based
1193 <p>In XML, <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifiers">URIs</abbr> [<a href="#ref-rfc2396">RFC2396</…
1198 support the use of <code>ID</code>-type attributes in this way,
1224 encoding="EUC-JP"?></code>) and a meta http-equiv statement
1225 (e.g. <code class="greenmono"><meta http-equiv="Content-type"
1226 content='text/html; charset="EUC-JP"' /></code>). The
1232 attributes when these appear in their full (non-minimized) form,
1243 The Document Object Model level 1 Recommendation [<a href="#ref-dom">DOM</a>]
1246 returned in upper-case. The XML document object model specifies that
1248 XHTML 1.0, elements and attributes are specified in lower-case. This apparent difference can be
1256 upper-case from those interfaces.</li>
1259 can also use the XML DOM. Elements and attributes will be returned in lower-case.
1281 <code>http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&amp;name=user</code>
1283 <code>http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user</code>.
1288 <p>The Cascading Style Sheets level 2 Recommendation [<a href="#ref-css2">CSS2</a>] defines style
1321 <!--OddPage-->
1328 members of the W3C HTML working group:</p>
1339 Philipp Hoschka, W3C<br />
1340 Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C<br />
1344 Shin'ichi Matsui, W3C/Panasonic<br />
1349 Dave Raggett, W3C/HP (W3C lead for HTML)<br />
1357 <!--OddPage-->
1364 <dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><b>[CSS2]</b></a></dt>
1366 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">"Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification"<…
1368 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">
1369 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</a></dd>
1371 <dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><b>[DOM]</b></a></dt>
1373 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">"Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specificati…
1375 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">
1376 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</a></dd>
1378 <dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><b>[HTML]</b></a></dt>
1380 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824">"HTML 4.01 Specification"</a>, D. Ragget…
1382 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824">
1383 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824</a></dd>
1385 <dt><a name="ref-posix" id="ref-posix"><b>[POSIX.1]</b></a></dt>
1387 <dd>"ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable
1388 Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application
1392 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><b>
1402 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><b>
1410 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><b>
1418 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><b>
1422 Syntax"</a>, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August
1428 <dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><b>[XML]</b></a></dt>
1430 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification"</a>…
1431 Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, 10 February 1998.<br />
1432 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">
1433 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</a></dd>
1435 <dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><b>[XMLNAMES]</b></a></dt>
1437 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">"Namespaces in XML"</a>, T. Bray, D. Hollander, A.…
1442 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">
1443 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</a></dd>
1446 <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG1AAA-Conformance" title="Explanation of Level Triple-A Confor…
1447 <img height="32" width="88" src="wcag1AAA.gif" alt="Level Triple-A conformance icon, W3C-WAI Web Co…
1449 <hr />