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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "dtds/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
2 <?xml-stylesheet href="W3C-PR.css" type="text/css"?>
8 href="W3C-PR.css" type="text/css" />
10 span.term { font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 192) }
13 font-family: monospace;
14 font-weight: bold;
19 font-family: monospace;
20 font-weight: bold;
24 border-width: 2px;
26 font-weight: bold;
27 margin-right: 5%;
28 margin-left: 0;
32 border-width: 2px;
33 margin-left: 0;
34 margin-right: 5%;
43 div.navbar { text-align: center; }
45 background-color: rgb(204,204,255);
48 margin-right: 5%;
50 .tocline { list-style: none; }
51 table.exceptions { background-color: rgb(255,255,153); }
57 <hr />
60 src="w3c_home.gif" alt="W3C" /></a></p>
67 <h3>W3C Proposed Recommendation 10 December 1999</h3>
73 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210">
74 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210</a> <br />
89 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-xhtml1-19991124">
90 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-xhtml1-19991124</a></dd>
92 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19990824">
93 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19990824</a></dd>
101 "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
102 Copyright</a> © 1999 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><sup>®</sup>
106 title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a
108 "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
110 "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
112 "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
114 "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software
116 <hr />
126 their attributes are defined in the W3C Recommendation for HTML
133 <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time
135 latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C.</em></p>
139 href= "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19990824/">24 August
142 comments and further deliberations of the W3C HTML Working Group. A
143 <a href="xhtml1-diff-19991210.html">diff-marked version</a> from the previous
150 W3C Advisory Committee representatives are encouraged
152 ballots to w3c-html-review@w3.org. Please send any comments of a
153 confidential nature in separate email to w3t-html@w3.org, which is
157 Director will announce the document's disposition: it may become a W3C
159 Draft status, or it may be dropped as a W3C work item.</p>
162 by the W3C membership. This is still a draft document and may be
163 updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
164 inappropriate to cite W3C Proposed Recommendation as other than "work
168 "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">W3C HTML Activity</a>. The goals of
176 <p>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents
182 href="mailto:www-html@w3.org"> www-html@w3.org</a> (<a href=
183 "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/">archive</a>). The W3C
188 href="mailto:www-html-editor@w3.org">www-html-editor@w3.org</a>.</p>
191 href="http://www.w3.org/1999/12/PR-xhtml1-19991210-errata">http://www.w3.org/1999/12/PR-xhtml1-1999…
262 <!--OddPage-->
266 reproduce, subset, and extend HTML 4.0 <a href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a>. XHTML family document types…
267 and ultimately are designed to work in conjunction with XML-based user agents.
274 applications of XML 1.0 <a href="#ref-xml"> [XML]</a>. It is intended
275 to be used as a language for content that is both XML-conforming and, if some
285 HTML 4.0-conforming user agents as well as in new, XHTML 1.0 conforming user
289 href="#ref-dom">[DOM]</a>.</li>
301 <p>HTML 4.0 <a href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a> is an <abbr title="Standard
315 language is both feature-rich and flexible. This flexibility,
322 for use by non-document specialists. HTML addressed the problem
329 <p>In a remarkably short space of time, HTML became wildly
345 href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
367 through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new XHTML-conforming
380 develop XHTML-conforming content that is usable by any XHTML-conforming
384 <!--OddPage-->
390 terms extend the definitions in <a href="#ref-rfc2119">
392 title="International Electro-technical Commission">IEC</abbr>
393 9945-1:1990 <a href="#ref-posix">[POSIX.1]</a>:</p>
396 <dt>Implementation-defined</dt>
398 <dd>A value or behavior is implementation-defined when it is left
528 <dt><a name="wellformed" id="wellformed">Well-formed</a></dt>
530 <dd>A <span class="term">document</span> is well-formed when it
532 "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#sec-well-formed">Section 2.1</a> of
533 the XML 1.0 Recommendation <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.
539 <!--OddPage-->
549 "#well-formed">Section 3.1.2</a> for information on using XHTML
575 "#ref-xmlns">[XMLNAMES]</a>. The namespace for XHTML is
590 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
591 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd>
594 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
595 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd>
598 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
599 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd>
608 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
610 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
611 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-xhtml1-19991210/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
625 when the character encoding of the document is other than the default UTF-8 or
626 UTF-16.</p>
628 <h3><a name="well-formed" id="well-formed">3.1.2 Using XHTML with
632 as per <a href="#ref-xmlns">[XMLNAMES]</a>, although such
634 defined above. Future work by W3C will address ways to specify
666 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
667 <!-- initially, the default namespace is "books" -->
669 xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6' xml:lang="en" lang="en">
673 <!-- make HTML the default namespace for a hypertext commentary -->
690 href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>, the user agent must parse and evaluate
691 an XHTML document for well-formedness. If the user agent claims
693 against their referenced DTDs according to <a href="#ref-xml">
721 with the ampersand and ending with the semi-colon) that
739 single line-feed character, that is passed up to the application. The XHTML
745 <li>Zero-width space (&#x200B;)</li>
788 e.g. 'kitAbuhum' = 'kitAbu-hum' = 'book them' == their book); and languages
795 href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
799 <!--OddPage-->
804 practices that were perfectly legal in SGML-based HTML 4.0 <a
805 href="#ref-html4">[HTML]</a> must be changed.</p>
807 <h2><a name="h-4.1" id="h-4.1">4.1 Documents must be
808 well-formed</a></h2>
810 <p><a href="#wellformed">Well-formedness</a> is a new concept
811 introduced by <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>. Essentially this
833 <h2><a name="h-4.2" id="h-4.2">4.2 Element and attribute
838 case-sensitive e.g. <li> and <LI> are different
841 <h2><a name="h-4.3" id="h-4.3">4.3 For non-empty elements,
844 <p>In SGML-based HTML 4.0 certain elements were permitted to omit
846 This omission is not permitted in XML-based XHTML. All elements
864 <h2><a name="h-4.4" id="h-4.4">4.4 Attribute values must
882 <h2><a name="h-4.5" id="h-4.5">4.5 Attribute
885 <p>XML does not support attribute minimization. Attribute-value
902 <h2><a name="h-4.6" id="h-4.6">4.6 Empty Elements</a></h2>
905 <code><br/></code> or <code><hr></hr></code>. See <a
912 <p><br/><hr/></p>
918 <p><br><hr></p>
921 <h2><a name="h-4.7" id="h-4.7">4.7 Whitespace handling in
927 a single inter-word space (an ASCII space character for western
928 scripts). See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#AVNormalize">
929 Section 3.3.3</a> of <a href="#ref-xml">[XML]</a>.</p>
931 <h2><a name="h-4.8" id="h-4.8">4.8 Script and Style
957 "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/level-one-core.html#ID-E067D597">
959 "#ref-dom">[DOM]</a>.</p>
964 <h2><a name="h-4.9" id="h-4.9">4.9 SGML exclusions</a></h2>
979 <h2><a name="h-4.10" id="h-4.10">4.10 The elements with 'id' and 'name'
993 ensure that XHTML 1.0 documents are well-structured XML documents, XHTML 1.0
1005 <!--OddPage-->
1015 recommended MIME labeling for XML-based applications
1025 <!--OddPage-->
1032 mechanism will enable the extension and sub-setting of XHTML 1.0
1040 held device or a cell-phone may only support a subset of XHTML
1047 <p>These modules will be defined in a later W3C document.</p>
1056 <p>It provides a formal mechanism for sub-setting XHTML.</p>
1093 <!--OddPage-->
1104 <h2><a name="h-A1" id="h-A1">A.1 Document Type
1113 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" type="text/plain">
1114 XHTML-1.0-Strict</a></p>
1118 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" type="text/plain">
1119 XHTML-1.0-Transitional</a></p>
1123 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd" type="text/plain">
1124 XHTML-1.0-Frameset</a></p>
1128 <h2><a name="h-A2" id="h-A2">A.2 Entity Sets</a></h2>
1138 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-lat1.ent">Latin-1 characters</a></p>
1142 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-special.ent">Special characters</a></p>
1146 <p><a href="DTD/xhtml-symbol.ent">Symbols</a></p>
1150 <!--OddPage-->
1157 they can contain (see <a href="#h-4.9">Section 4.9</a>). This
1180 <!--OddPage-->
1193 in a document, the document can only use the default character encodings UTF-8
1194 or UTF-16.</p>
1200 <hr /></code> and <code class="greenmono"><img
1216 <</code> or <code>&</code> or <code>]]></code> or <code>--</code>. Use
1218 &</code> or <code>]]></code> or <code>--</code>. Note that XML parsers
1221 documents backward compatible is likely to not work as expected in XML-based
1240 <p>In XML, <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifiers">URIs</abbr> [<a href="#ref-rfc2396">RFC2396</…
1245 support the use of <code>ID</code>-type attributes in this way,
1272 encoding="EUC-JP"?></code>) and a meta http-equiv statement
1273 (e.g. <code class="greenmono"><meta http-equiv="Content-type"
1274 content='text/html; charset="EUC-JP"' /></code>). The
1280 attributes when these appear in their full (non-minimized) form,
1291 The Document Object Model level 1 Recommendation [<a href="#ref-dom">DOM</a>]
1294 returned in upper-case. The XML document object model specifies that
1296 XHTML 1.0, elements and attributes are specified in lower-case. This apparent difference can be
1304 upper-case from those interfaces.</li>
1307 can also use the XML DOM. Elements and attributes will be returned in lower-case.
1329 <code>http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&amp;name=user</code>
1331 <code>http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user</code>.
1336 <p>The Cascading Style Sheets level 2 Recommendation [<a href="#ref-css2">CSS2</a>] defines style
1369 <!--OddPage-->
1376 members of the W3C HTML working group:</p>
1387 Philipp Hoschka, W3C<br />
1388 Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C<br />
1392 Shin'ichi Matsui, W3C/Panasonic<br />
1397 Dave Raggett, W3C/HP (W3C lead for HTML)<br />
1405 <!--OddPage-->
1412 <dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><b>[CSS2]</b></a></dt>
1414 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">"Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification"<…
1416 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">
1417 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</a></dd>
1419 <dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><b>[DOM]</b></a></dt>
1421 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">"Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specificati…
1423 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">
1424 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</a></dd>
1426 <dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><b>[HTML]</b></a></dt>
1428 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824">"HTML 4.01 Specification"</a>, D. Ragget…
1430 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824">
1431 http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824</a></dd>
1433 <dt><a name="ref-posix" id="ref-posix"><b>[POSIX.1]</b></a></dt>
1435 <dd>"ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable
1436 Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application
1440 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><b>
1450 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><b>
1458 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><b>
1466 <dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><b>
1470 Syntax"</a>, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August
1476 <dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><b>[XML]</b></a></dt>
1478 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification"</a>…
1479 Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, 10 February 1998.<br />
1480 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">
1481 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</a></dd>
1483 <dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><b>[XMLNAMES]</b></a></dt>
1485 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">"Namespaces in XML"</a>, T. Bray, D. Hollander, A.…
1490 Available at: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">
1491 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</a></dd>
1494 <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG1AAA-Conformance"
1495 title="Explanation of Level Triple-A Conformance">
1498 alt="Level Triple-A conformance icon, W3C-WAI Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" /></a></p>
1500 <hr />