android-16.0.0_r2/s

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.tests.sdksandbox.endtoend;

import static android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager.EXTRA_DISPLAY_ID;
import static android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager.EXTRA_HEIGHT_IN_PIXELS;
import static android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager.EXTRA_HOST_TOKEN;
import static android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager.EXTRA_WIDTH_IN_PIXELS;
import static android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager.LOAD_SDK_INTERNAL_ERROR;

import static androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State;
import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.app.sdksandbox.AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface;
import android.app.sdksandbox.LoadSdkException;
import android.app.sdksandbox.SandboxedSdk;
import android.app.sdksandbox.SdkSandboxManager;
import android.app.sdksandbox.testutils.ConfigListener;
import android.app.sdksandbox.testutils.DeviceConfigUtils;
import android.app.sdksandbox.testutils.FakeLoadSdkCallback;
import android.app.sdksandbox.testutils.FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback;
import android.app.sdksandbox.testutils.FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PermissionInfo;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.platform.test.flag.junit.CheckFlagsRule;
import android.platform.test.flag.junit.DeviceFlagsValueProvider;
import android.provider.DeviceConfig;

import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle;
import androidx.test.core.app.ActivityScenario;
import androidx.test.ext.junit.rules.ActivityScenarioRule;
import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.By;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.Until;

import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
import com.android.ctssdkprovider.IActivityActionExecutor;
import com.android.ctssdkprovider.IActivityStarter;
import com.android.ctssdkprovider.ICtsSdkProviderApi;
import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
import com.android.server.sdksandbox.SandboxKillerBeforeTest;

import com.google.common.truth.Expect;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;

/** End-to-end tests of {@link SdkSandboxManager} APIs. */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public final class SdkSandboxManagerTest extends SandboxKillerBeforeTest {

    private static final String TAG = SdkSandboxManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
    private static final String NON_EXISTENT_SDK = "com.android.not_exist";

    private static final String APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME =
            "com.android.ctsappownedsdksandboxinterface";
    private static final String SDK_NAME_1 = "com.android.ctssdkprovider";
    private static final String SDK_NAME_2 = "com.android.emptysdkprovider";

    private static final String TEST_OPTION = "test-option";
    private static final String OPTION_THROW_INTERNAL_ERROR = "internal-error";
    private static final String OPTION_THROW_REQUEST_SURFACE_PACKAGE_ERROR = "rsp-error";

    private static final String NAMESPACE_WINDOW_MANAGER = "window_manager";
    private static final String ASM_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED =
            "ActivitySecurity__asm_restrictions_enabled";
    private static final String UNREGISTER_BEFORE_STARTING_KEY = "UNREGISTER_BEFORE_STARTING_KEY";
    private static final String ACTIVITY_STARTER_KEY = "ACTIVITY_STARTER_KEY";
    private static final String TEXT_KEY = "TEXT_KEY";
    private static final int WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS = 5000;
    private static final String ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT_MESSAGE =
            "orientation: " + Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
    private static final String ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE_MESSAGE =
            "orientation: " + Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
    private static final UiDevice sUiDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(getInstrumentation());

    @Rule(order = 1)
    public final ActivityScenarioRule<TestActivity> activityScenarioRule =
            new ActivityScenarioRule<>(TestActivity.class);

    @Rule(order = 2)
    public final Expect expect = Expect.create();

    @Rule(order = 3)
    public final CheckFlagsRule mCheckFlagsRule = DeviceFlagsValueProvider.createCheckFlagsRule();

    private ActivityScenario<TestActivity> mScenario;

    private SdkSandboxManager mSdkSandboxManager;
    private String mInitialValueAsmRestrictionsEnabled;

    private final Random mRandom = new Random();
    private ConfigListener mConfigListener;
    private DeviceConfigUtils mDeviceConfigUtils;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();

        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
                .getUiAutomation()
                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
                        Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG,
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG);

        mSdkSandboxManager = context.getSystemService(SdkSandboxManager.class);
        mScenario = activityScenarioRule.getScenario();

        mConfigListener = new ConfigListener();
        DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
                NAMESPACE_WINDOW_MANAGER, context.getMainExecutor(), mConfigListener);
        mDeviceConfigUtils = new DeviceConfigUtils(mConfigListener, NAMESPACE_WINDOW_MANAGER);

        mInitialValueAsmRestrictionsEnabled =
                DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_WINDOW_MANAGER, ASM_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED);
        mDeviceConfigUtils.deleteProperty(ASM_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED);
        sUiDevice.setOrientationNatural();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        if (mDeviceConfigUtils != null) {
            mDeviceConfigUtils.resetToInitialValue(
                    ASM_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED, mInitialValueAsmRestrictionsEnabled);
        }

        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
                .getUiAutomation()
                .dropShellPermissionIdentity();

        DeviceConfig.removeOnPropertiesChangedListener(mConfigListener);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetSdkSandboxState() {
        int state = SdkSandboxManager.getSdkSandboxState();
        assertThat(state).isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.SDK_SANDBOX_STATE_ENABLED_PROCESS_ISOLATION);
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadSdkSuccessfully() {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();
        assertNotNull(callback.getSandboxedSdk());
        assertNotNull(callback.getSandboxedSdk().getInterface());
    }

    @Test
    public void testRegisterAndGetAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface() throws Exception {
        try {
            IBinder iBinder = new Binder();
            mSdkSandboxManager.registerAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                    new AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                            APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME,
                            /*version=*/ 0,
                            /*interfaceIBinder=*/ iBinder));
            final List<AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface> appOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceList =
                    mSdkSandboxManager.getAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaces();
            assertThat(appOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceList).hasSize(1);
            assertThat(appOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceList.get(0).getName())
                    .isEqualTo(APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME);
            assertThat(appOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceList.get(0).getVersion()).isEqualTo(0);
            assertThat(appOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceList.get(0).getInterface()).isEqualTo(iBinder);
        } finally {
            mSdkSandboxManager.unregisterAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                    APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testUnregisterAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface() throws Exception {
        mSdkSandboxManager.registerAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                new AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                        APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME,
                        /*version=*/ 0,
                        /*interfaceIBinder=*/ new Binder()));
        mSdkSandboxManager.unregisterAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME);
        assertThat(mSdkSandboxManager.getAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaces()).hasSize(0);
    }

    @Test
    public void testRegisterAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterfaceAlreadyRegistered() throws Exception {
        try {
            mSdkSandboxManager.registerAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                    new AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                            APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME,
                            /*version=*/ 0,
                            /*interfaceIBinder=*/ new Binder()));
            assertThrows(
                    RuntimeException.class,
                    () ->
                            mSdkSandboxManager.registerAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                                    new AppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                                            APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME,
                                            /*version=*/ 0,
                                            /*interfaceIBinder=*/ new Binder())));
        } finally {
            mSdkSandboxManager.unregisterAppOwnedSdkSandboxInterface(
                    APP_OWNED_SDK_SANDBOX_INTERFACE_NAME);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetSandboxedSdkSuccessfully() {
        loadSdk();

        List<SandboxedSdk> sandboxedSdks = mSdkSandboxManager.getSandboxedSdks();

        assertThat(sandboxedSdks.size()).isEqualTo(1);
        assertThat(sandboxedSdks.get(0).getSharedLibraryInfo().getName()).isEqualTo(SDK_NAME_1);

        mSdkSandboxManager.unloadSdk(SDK_NAME_1);
        List<SandboxedSdk> sandboxedSdksAfterUnload = mSdkSandboxManager.getSandboxedSdks();
        assertThat(sandboxedSdksAfterUnload.size()).isEqualTo(0);
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadSdkAndCheckClassloader() throws Exception {
        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();
        sdk.checkClassloaders();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetOpPackageName() throws Exception {
        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();
        final PackageManager pm =
                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
        assertThat(sdk.getOpPackageName()).isEqualTo(pm.getSdkSandboxPackageName());
    }

    @Test
    public void testRetryLoadSameSdkShouldFail() {
        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();

        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsUnsuccessful();
        assertThat(callback.getLoadSdkErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.LOAD_SDK_ALREADY_LOADED);
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadNonExistentSdk() {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();

        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(NON_EXISTENT_SDK, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsUnsuccessful();
        assertThat(callback.getLoadSdkErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.LOAD_SDK_NOT_FOUND);
        LoadSdkException loadSdkException = callback.getLoadSdkException();
        assertThat(loadSdkException.getExtraInformation()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(loadSdkException.getExtraInformation().isEmpty()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadSdkWithInternalErrorShouldFail() throws Exception {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        Bundle params = new Bundle();
        params.putString(TEST_OPTION, OPTION_THROW_INTERNAL_ERROR);
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, params, Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsUnsuccessful();
        assertThat(callback.getLoadSdkErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.LOAD_SDK_SDK_DEFINED_ERROR);
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadSdkPropertySdkProviderClassNameNotSet() {
        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(
                "com.android.property_sdkprovider_classname_not_present",
                new Bundle(),
                Runnable::run,
                callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsUnsuccessful();
        assertThat(callback.getLoadSdkErrorCode()).isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.LOAD_SDK_NOT_FOUND);
        assertThat(callback.getLoadSdkErrorMsg())
                .contains("android.sdksandbox.PROPERTY_SDK_PROVIDER_CLASS_NAME property");
    }

    @Test
    public void testUnloadAndReloadSdk() throws Exception {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        mSdkSandboxManager.unloadSdk(SDK_NAME_1);
        // Wait till SDK is unloaded.
        Thread.sleep(2000);

        // Calls to an unloaded SDK should fail.
        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback requestSurfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1,
                getRequestSurfacePackageParams(),
                Runnable::run,
                requestSurfacePackageCallback);

        assertThat(requestSurfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isFalse();
        assertThat(requestSurfacePackageCallback.getSurfacePackageErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.REQUEST_SURFACE_PACKAGE_SDK_NOT_LOADED);

        // SDK can be reloaded after being unloaded.
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback2 = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback2);
        callback2.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();
    }

    @Test
    public void testUnloadNonexistentSdk() {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        final String nonexistentSdk = "com.android.nonexistent";
        // Unloading does nothing - call should go through without error.
        mSdkSandboxManager.unloadSdk(nonexistentSdk);
    }

    @Test
    public void testReloadingSdkDoesNotInvalidateIt() {

        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();
        SandboxedSdk sandboxedSdk = callback.getSandboxedSdk();
        assertNotNull(sandboxedSdk.getInterface());

        // Attempt to load the SDK again and see that it fails.
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback reloadCallback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, reloadCallback);
        reloadCallback.assertLoadSdkIsUnsuccessful();

        // SDK's interface should still be obtainable.
        assertNotNull(sandboxedSdk.getInterface());

        // Further calls to the SDK should still be valid.
        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback surfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1,
                getRequestSurfacePackageParams(),
                Runnable::run,
                surfacePackageCallback);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testReloadingSdkAfterKillingSandboxIsSuccessful() throws Exception {
        // Kill the sandbox if it already exists from previous tests
        killSandboxIfExists();

        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback callback = new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, callback);
        assertThat(callback.waitForSandboxDeath()).isFalse();

        // Killing the sandbox and loading the same SDKs again multiple times should work
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
            // The same SDKs should be able to be loaded again after sandbox death
            loadMultipleSdks();
            callback.resetLatch();
            killSandbox();
            assertThat(callback.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback_BeforeStartingSandbox() throws Exception {
        // Kill the sandbox if it already exists from previous tests
        killSandboxIfExists();

        // Add a sandbox lifecycle callback before starting the sandbox
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback);

        // Bring up the sandbox
        loadSdk();

        killSandbox();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback_AfterStartingSandbox() throws Exception {
        // Bring up the sandbox
        loadSdk();

        // Add a sandbox lifecycle callback before starting the sandbox
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback);

        killSandbox();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRegisterMultipleSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallbacks() throws Exception {
        // Kill the sandbox if it already exists from previous tests
        killSandboxIfExists();

        // Add a sandbox lifecycle callback before starting the sandbox
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback1 =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback1);

        // Bring up the sandbox
        loadSdk();

        // Add another sandbox lifecycle callback after starting it
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback2 =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback2);

        killSandbox();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback1.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback2.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRemoveSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback() throws Exception {
        // Bring up the sandbox
        loadSdk();

        // Add and remove a sandbox lifecycle callback
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback1 =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback1);
        mSdkSandboxManager.removeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(lifecycleCallback1);

        // Add a lifecycle callback but don't remove it
        FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback lifecycleCallback2 =
                new FakeSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.addSdkSandboxProcessDeathCallback(Runnable::run, lifecycleCallback2);

        killSandbox();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback1.waitForSandboxDeath()).isFalse();
        assertThat(lifecycleCallback2.waitForSandboxDeath()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRequestSurfacePackageSuccessfully() {
        loadSdk();

        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback surfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1,
                getRequestSurfacePackageParams(),
                Runnable::run,
                surfacePackageCallback);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRequestSurfacePackageWithInternalErrorShouldFail() {
        loadSdk();

        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback surfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        Bundle params = getRequestSurfacePackageParams();
        params.putString(TEST_OPTION, OPTION_THROW_REQUEST_SURFACE_PACKAGE_ERROR);
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1, params, Runnable::run, surfacePackageCallback);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isFalse();
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.getSurfacePackageErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.REQUEST_SURFACE_PACKAGE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.getExtraErrorInformation()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.getExtraErrorInformation().isEmpty()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRequestSurfacePackage_SandboxDiesAfterLoadingSdk() throws Exception {
        loadSdk();

        assertThat(killSandboxIfExists()).isTrue();

        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback surfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1,
                getRequestSurfacePackageParams(),
                Runnable::run,
                surfacePackageCallback);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isFalse();
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.getSurfacePackageErrorCode())
                .isEqualTo(SdkSandboxManager.REQUEST_SURFACE_PACKAGE_SDK_NOT_LOADED);
    }

    @Test
    public void testResourcesAndAssets() throws Exception {
        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();
        sdk.checkResourcesAndAssets();
    }

    @Test
    public void testLoadSdkInBackgroundFails() throws Exception {
        mScenario.moveToState(Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED);

        // Wait for the activity to be destroyed
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);

        LoadSdkException thrown = callback.getLoadSdkException();

        assertThat(thrown).isNotNull();
        assertEquals(LOAD_SDK_INTERNAL_ERROR, thrown.getLoadSdkErrorCode());
        assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("does not run in the foreground");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSandboxApisAreUsableAfterUnbindingSandbox() throws Exception {
        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback1 = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback1);
        callback1.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        // Move the app to the background and bring it back to the foreground again.
        mScenario.recreate();

        // Loading another sdk should work without issue
        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback2 = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_2, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback2);
        callback2.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        // Requesting surface package from the first loaded sdk should work.
        final FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback surfacePackageCallback =
                new FakeRequestSurfacePackageCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.requestSurfacePackage(
                SDK_NAME_1,
                getRequestSurfacePackageParams(),
                Runnable::run,
                surfacePackageCallback);
        assertThat(surfacePackageCallback.isRequestSurfacePackageSuccessful()).isTrue();
    }

    /** Checks that {@code SdkSandbox.apk} only requests normal permissions in its manifest. */
    // TODO: This should probably be a separate test module
    @Test
    public void testSdkSandboxPermissions() throws Exception {
        final PackageManager pm =
                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
        final PackageInfo sdkSandboxPackage =
                pm.getPackageInfo(
                        pm.getSdkSandboxPackageName(),
                        PackageManager.PackageInfoFlags.of(PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS));
        for (int i = 0; i < sdkSandboxPackage.requestedPermissions.length; i++) {
            final String permissionName = sdkSandboxPackage.requestedPermissions[i];
            final PermissionInfo permissionInfo = pm.getPermissionInfo(permissionName, 0);
            expect.withMessage("SdkSandbox.apk requests non-normal permission %s", permissionName)
                    .that(permissionInfo.getProtection())
                    .isEqualTo(PermissionInfo.PROTECTION_NORMAL);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSdkAndAppProcessImportanceIsAligned_AppIsBackgrounded() throws Exception {
        // Sandbox and app priority is aligned only in U+.
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();
        assertThat(sdk.getProcessImportance()).isEqualTo(getAppProcessImportance());

        // Move the app to the background.
        mScenario.moveToState(Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED);
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        assertThat(sdk.getProcessImportance()).isEqualTo(getAppProcessImportance());
    }

    @Test
    public void testSdkAndAppProcessImportanceIsAligned_AppIsBackgroundedAndForegrounded()
            throws Exception {
        // Sandbox and app priority is aligned only in U+.
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();
        assertThat(sdk.getProcessImportance()).isEqualTo(getAppProcessImportance());

        // Move the app to the background and bring it back to the foreground again.
        mScenario.recreate();

        // The sandbox should have foreground importance again.
        assertThat(sdk.getProcessImportance()).isEqualTo(getAppProcessImportance());
    }

    @Test
    public void testSDKCanNotStartSandboxActivityDirectlyByAction() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        final ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        SecurityException exception =
                assertThrows(
                        SecurityException.class,
                        () -> sdk.startSandboxActivityDirectlyByAction(getSdkSandboxPackageName()));
        assertThat(exception.getMessage())
                .isEqualTo("Sandbox process is not allowed to start sandbox activities.");
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
    }

    @Test
    public void testSDKCanNotStartSandboxActivityDirectlyByComponent() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        final ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        SecurityException exception =
                assertThrows(
                        SecurityException.class,
                        () ->
                                sdk.startSandboxActivityDirectlyByComponent(
                                        getSdkSandboxPackageName()));
        assertThat(exception.getMessage())
                .isEqualTo("Sandbox process is not allowed to start sandbox activities.");
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
    }

    @Test
    public void testSandboxProcessShouldBeRunningToHostTheSandboxActivity() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        mScenario.onActivity(
                clientActivity -> {
                    SecurityException exception =
                            assertThrows(
                                    SecurityException.class,
                                    () ->
                                            mSdkSandboxManager.startSdkSandboxActivity(
                                                    clientActivity, new Binder()));
                    assertThat(exception.getMessage())
                            .contains("There is no sandbox process running");
                });
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
    }

    @Test
    public void testStartSdkSandboxActivity() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        ActivityStarter activityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        assertThat(activityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();

        startSandboxActivity(sdk, activityStarter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(activityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testStartSdkSandboxActivityOnTopOfASandboxActivity() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivity1Starter = new ActivityStarter();
        ActivityStarter sandboxActivity2Starter = new ActivityStarter();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity1Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity2Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);

        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivity1Starter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivity1Starter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity2Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();

        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivity2Starter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivity1Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity2Starter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testStartLocalActivityOnTopOfASandboxActivity() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        ActivityStarter otherClientActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(otherClientActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);

        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(otherClientActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        mScenario.onActivity(
                clientActivity -> {
                    otherClientActivityStarter.setFromActivity(clientActivity);
                });
        otherClientActivityStarter.startLocalActivity();

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(otherClientActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testClientAppCanClearTopWhileOtherActivitiesOnTopIncludingSandboxActivities() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        // Start 2 sandbox activities.
        ActivityStarter sandboxActivity1Starter = new ActivityStarter();
        ActivityStarter sandboxActivity2Starter = new ActivityStarter();
        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivity1Starter);
        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivity2Starter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivity1Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity2Starter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        // Clear top (include the sandbox activities on top).
        ActivityStarter clearTopActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        mScenario.onActivity(
                clientActivity -> {
                    clearTopActivityStarter.setFromActivity(clientActivity);
                });
        clearTopActivityStarter.startLocalActivity(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
        assertThat(sandboxActivity1Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(sandboxActivity2Starter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
        assertThat(clearTopActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    /**
     * Test that the sandbox activity context is created using the SDK ApplicationInfo.
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    @Test
    public void testSandboxActivityUseSdkBasedContex() throws RemoteException {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        String dataDir = actionExecutor.getDataDir();
        assertThat(dataDir).contains(SDK_NAME_1);
        assertThat(dataDir).doesNotContain(getSdkSandboxPackageName());
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that SDK can lock back navigation
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    @Test
    public void testBackNavigationControl() throws RemoteException {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        actionExecutor.disableBackButton();
        sUiDevice.pressBack();
        assertFalse(
                sUiDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("DEFAULT_SHOW_TEXT")), WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        actionExecutor.enableBackButton();
        sUiDevice.pressBack();
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("DEFAULT_SHOW_TEXT")), WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
    }

    /**
     * Tests that orientation work for sandbox activity
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    @Test
    public void testSandboxActivityShouldRotateIfNotLocked() throws RemoteException {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        // Rotate the device to portrait
        sUiDevice.setOrientationPortrait();
        // Assert Portrait Rotation.
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));

        sUiDevice.setOrientationLandscape();
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    /**
     * Tests that SDK can lock sandbox activity orientation
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testSandboxActivityOrientationLocking() throws RemoteException {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        // TODO(b/393068983): Remove if the flag (FLAG_UNIVERSAL_RESIZABLE_BY_DEFAULT) does not
        // proceed to production.
        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastB() || Objects.equals(Build.VERSION.CODENAME, "Baklava")) {
            assumeFalse(isLargeScreenDevice());
        }

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        // Rotate the device to portrait
        sUiDevice.setOrientationPortrait();
        // Assert Portrait Rotation.
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));

        // Locking orientation to landscape
        actionExecutor.setOrientationToLandscape();
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        // Rotation the device should not affect the locked display orientation.
        sUiDevice.setOrientationPortrait();
        assertFalse(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        // Locking orientation to portrait
        actionExecutor.setOrientationToPortrait();
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));

        // Rotation the device should not affect the locked display orientation.
        sUiDevice.setOrientationLandscape();
        assertFalse(
                sUiDevice.wait(
                        Until.hasObject(By.textContains(ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE_MESSAGE)),
                        WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    public void testStartSdkSandboxedActivityFailIfTheHandlerUnregistered() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        // Load SDK in sandbox
        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter activityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);

        Bundle extras = new Bundle();
        extras.putBoolean(UNREGISTER_BEFORE_STARTING_KEY, true);
        startSandboxActivity(sdk, activityStarter, extras);

        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        assertThat(activityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSandboxActivityStartIntentViewWithNoSecurityExceptions() throws Exception {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        actionExecutor.openLandingPage();
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that SDK can finish the sandbox activity.
     *
     * @throws RemoteException
     */
    @Test
    public void testSdkCanFinishSandboxActivity() throws RemoteException {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());

        ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk = loadSdk();

        ActivityStarter sandboxActivityStarter = new ActivityStarter();
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = startSandboxActivity(sdk, sandboxActivityStarter);
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isIn(Arrays.asList(State.CREATED, State.STARTED));
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isTrue();

        actionExecutor.finish();
        assertTrue(
                sUiDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("DEFAULT_SHOW_TEXT")), WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        assertThat(mScenario.getState()).isEqualTo(State.RESUMED);
        assertThat(sandboxActivityStarter.isActivityResumed()).isFalse();
    }

    // Verifies that the test allowlists in {@link SdkSandboxManagerService#LocalImpl} are initially
    // empty.
    @Test
    public void testInitialSandboxTestAllowlistsAreEmpty() {
        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
        assertThat(
                        SystemUtil.runShellCommand(
                                "cmd sdk_sandbox get-test-allowlist content-provider"))
                .isEqualTo("\n");
        assertThat(SystemUtil.runShellCommand("cmd sdk_sandbox get-test-allowlist send-broadcast"))
                .isEqualTo("\n");
    }

    // Helper method to load SDK_NAME_1
    private ICtsSdkProviderApi loadSdk() {
        final FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        final SandboxedSdk sandboxedSdk = callback.getSandboxedSdk();
        assertNotNull(sandboxedSdk);
        return ICtsSdkProviderApi.Stub.asInterface(callback.getSandboxedSdk().getInterface());
    }

    private int getAppProcessImportance() {
        ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo processInfo =
                new ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo();
        ActivityManager.getMyMemoryState(processInfo);
        return processInfo.importance;
    }

    private IActivityActionExecutor startSandboxActivity(
            ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk, ActivityStarter activityStarter) {
        return startSandboxActivity(sdk, activityStarter, new Bundle());
    }

    private IActivityActionExecutor startSandboxActivity(
            ICtsSdkProviderApi sdk, ActivityStarter activityStarter, Bundle extras) {
        final String randomText = mRandom.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE) + "";
        extras.putString(TEXT_KEY, randomText);
        ActivityExecutorContainer activityExecutorContainer = new ActivityExecutorContainer();
        mScenario.onActivity(
                clientActivity -> {
                    activityStarter.setFromActivity(clientActivity);
                    IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = null;
                    try {
                        actionExecutor =
                                (IActivityActionExecutor)
                                        sdk.startActivity(activityStarter, extras);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        fail("Got exception while starting activity: " + e.getMessage());
                    }
                    activityExecutorContainer.setExecutor(actionExecutor);
                });
        IActivityActionExecutor actionExecutor = activityExecutorContainer.getExecutor();
        assertThat(actionExecutor).isNotNull();
        if (extras.containsKey(UNREGISTER_BEFORE_STARTING_KEY)) {
            assertFalse(
                    sUiDevice.wait(
                            Until.hasObject(By.textContains(randomText)), WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        } else {
            assertWithMessage("Activity has random text")
                    .that(
                            sUiDevice.wait(
                                    Until.hasObject(By.textContains(randomText)),
                                    WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS))
                    .isTrue();
        }
        return actionExecutor;
    }

    // Separate class to store IActivityActionExecutor which is returned in a lambda expression.
    private static class ActivityExecutorContainer {
        private IActivityActionExecutor mExecutor;

        public void setExecutor(IActivityActionExecutor executor) {
            mExecutor = executor;
        }

        public IActivityActionExecutor getExecutor() {
            return mExecutor;
        }
    }

    private class ActivityStarter extends IActivityStarter.Stub {
        private Activity mFromActivity;
        private boolean mActivityResumed = false;

        ActivityStarter() {}

        // To be called by SDKs to start sandbox activities.
        @Override
        public void startSdkSandboxActivity(IBinder token) throws RemoteException {
            assertThat(mFromActivity).isNotNull();

            mSdkSandboxManager.startSdkSandboxActivity(mFromActivity, token);
        }

        // It is called to notify that onResume() is called against the new started Activity.
        @Override
        public void onActivityResumed() {
            mActivityResumed = true;
        }

        // It is called to notify the new started Activity is no longer in the Resumed state.
        @Override
        public void onLeftActivityResumed() {
            mActivityResumed = false;
        }

        // To start local test activities (can not be called between processes).
        public void startLocalActivity() {
            assertThat(mFromActivity).isNotNull();
            startLocalActivity(0);
        }

        // To start local test activities (can not be called between processes).
        public void startLocalActivity(int flags) {
            assertThat(mFromActivity).isNotNull();

            final Intent intent = new Intent(mFromActivity, TestActivity.class);
            final Bundle params = new Bundle();
            final String randomText = mRandom.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE) + "";
            params.putString(TEXT_KEY, randomText);
            params.putBinder(ACTIVITY_STARTER_KEY, this);
            intent.putExtras(params);
            intent.addFlags(flags);
            mFromActivity.startActivity(intent);
            assertTrue(sUiDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text(randomText)), WAIT_FOR_TEXT_IN_MS));
        }

        public void setFromActivity(Activity activity) {
            mFromActivity = activity;
        }

        public boolean isActivityResumed() {
            return mActivityResumed;
        }
    }

    private boolean isLargeScreenDevice() {
        // Use Configuration.SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_MASK to check for large screens
        return (InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
                                .getContext()
                                .getResources()
                                .getConfiguration()
                                .screenLayout
                        & Configuration.SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_MASK)
                >= Configuration.SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_LARGE;
    }

    private Bundle getRequestSurfacePackageParams() {
        Bundle params = new Bundle();
        params.putInt(EXTRA_WIDTH_IN_PIXELS, 500);
        params.putInt(EXTRA_HEIGHT_IN_PIXELS, 500);
        params.putInt(EXTRA_DISPLAY_ID, 0);
        params.putBinder(EXTRA_HOST_TOKEN, new Binder());

        return params;
    }

    private String getSdkSandboxPackageName() {
        return InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
                .getContext()
                .getPackageManager()
                .getSdkSandboxPackageName();
    }

    private void loadMultipleSdks() {
        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_1, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback);
        callback.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();

        FakeLoadSdkCallback callback2 = new FakeLoadSdkCallback();
        mSdkSandboxManager.loadSdk(SDK_NAME_2, new Bundle(), Runnable::run, callback2);
        callback2.assertLoadSdkIsSuccessful();
    }
}