• Home
  • Line#
  • Scopes#
  • Navigate#
  • Raw
  • Download
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 /*
18  * Dalvik initialization, shutdown, and command-line argument processing.
19  */
20 #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
21 #include <stdlib.h>
22 #include <stdio.h>
23 #include <signal.h>
24 #include <limits.h>
25 #include <ctype.h>
26 #include <sys/wait.h>
27 #include <unistd.h>
28 
29 #include "Dalvik.h"
30 #include "test/Test.h"
31 #include "mterp/Mterp.h"
32 #include "Hash.h"
33 
34 #define kMinHeapStartSize   (1*1024*1024)
35 #define kMinHeapSize        (2*1024*1024)
36 #define kMaxHeapSize        (1*1024*1024*1024)
37 
38 /*
39  * Register VM-agnostic native methods for system classes.
40  */
41 extern int jniRegisterSystemMethods(JNIEnv* env);
42 
43 /* fwd */
44 static bool registerSystemNatives(JNIEnv* pEnv);
45 static bool initJdwp();
46 static bool initZygote();
47 
48 
49 /* global state */
50 struct DvmGlobals gDvm;
51 struct DvmJniGlobals gDvmJni;
52 
53 /* JIT-specific global state */
54 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
55 struct DvmJitGlobals gDvmJit;
56 
57 #if defined(WITH_JIT_TUNING)
58 /*
59  * Track the number of hits in the inline cache for predicted chaining.
60  * Use an ugly global variable here since it is accessed in assembly code.
61  */
62 int gDvmICHitCount;
63 #endif
64 
65 #endif
66 
67 /*
68  * Show usage.
69  *
70  * We follow the tradition of unhyphenated compound words.
71  */
usage(const char * progName)72 static void usage(const char* progName)
73 {
74     dvmFprintf(stderr, "%s: [options] class [argument ...]\n", progName);
75     dvmFprintf(stderr, "%s: [options] -jar file.jar [argument ...]\n",progName);
76     dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n");
77     dvmFprintf(stderr, "The following standard options are recognized:\n");
78     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -classpath classpath\n");
79     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Dproperty=value\n");
80     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -verbose:tag  ('gc', 'jni', or 'class')\n");
81     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -ea[:<package name>... |:<class name>]\n");
82     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -da[:<package name>... |:<class name>]\n");
83     dvmFprintf(stderr, "   (-enableassertions, -disableassertions)\n");
84     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -esa\n");
85     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -dsa\n");
86     dvmFprintf(stderr,
87                 "   (-enablesystemassertions, -disablesystemassertions)\n");
88     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -showversion\n");
89     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -help\n");
90     dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n");
91     dvmFprintf(stderr, "The following extended options are recognized:\n");
92     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xrunjdwp:<options>\n");
93     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xbootclasspath:bootclasspath\n");
94     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xcheck:tag  (e.g. 'jni')\n");
95     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -XmsN  (min heap, must be multiple of 1K, >= 1MB)\n");
96     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -XmxN  (max heap, must be multiple of 1K, >= 2MB)\n");
97     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -XssN  (stack size, >= %dKB, <= %dKB)\n",
98         kMinStackSize / 1024, kMaxStackSize / 1024);
99     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xverify:{none,remote,all}\n");
100     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xrs\n");
101 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
102     dvmFprintf(stderr,
103                 "  -Xint  (extended to accept ':portable', ':fast' and ':jit')\n");
104 #else
105     dvmFprintf(stderr,
106                 "  -Xint  (extended to accept ':portable' and ':fast')\n");
107 #endif
108     dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n");
109     dvmFprintf(stderr, "These are unique to Dalvik:\n");
110     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xzygote\n");
111     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xdexopt:{none,verified,all,full}\n");
112     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xnoquithandler\n");
113     dvmFprintf(stderr,
114                 "  -Xjnigreflimit:N  (must be multiple of 100, >= 200)\n");
115     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjniopts:{warnonly,forcecopy}\n");
116     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjnitrace:substring (eg NativeClass or nativeMethod)\n");
117     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xstacktracefile:<filename>\n");
118     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xgc:[no]precise\n");
119     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xgc:[no]preverify\n");
120     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xgc:[no]postverify\n");
121     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xgc:[no]concurrent\n");
122     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xgc:[no]verifycardtable\n");
123     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -XX:+DisableExplicitGC\n");
124     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -X[no]genregmap\n");
125     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xverifyopt:[no]checkmon\n");
126     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xcheckdexsum\n");
127 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
128     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xincludeselectedop\n");
129     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitop:hexopvalue[-endvalue]"
130                        "[,hexopvalue[-endvalue]]*\n");
131     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xincludeselectedmethod\n");
132     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitthreshold:decimalvalue\n");
133     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitblocking\n");
134     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitmethod:signature[,signature]* "
135                        "(eg Ljava/lang/String\\;replace)\n");
136     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitcheckcg\n");
137     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitverbose\n");
138     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitprofile\n");
139     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitdisableopt\n");
140     dvmFprintf(stderr, "  -Xjitsuspendpoll\n");
141 #endif
142     dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n");
143     dvmFprintf(stderr, "Configured with:"
144         " debugger"
145         " profiler"
146         " hprof"
147 #ifdef WITH_TRACKREF_CHECKS
148         " trackref_checks"
149 #endif
150 #ifdef WITH_INSTR_CHECKS
151         " instr_checks"
152 #endif
153 #ifdef WITH_EXTRA_OBJECT_VALIDATION
154         " extra_object_validation"
155 #endif
156 #ifdef WITH_EXTRA_GC_CHECKS
157         " extra_gc_checks"
158 #endif
159 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && defined(WITH_DALVIK_ASSERT)
160         " dalvik_assert"
161 #endif
162 #ifdef WITH_JNI_STACK_CHECK
163         " jni_stack_check"
164 #endif
165 #ifdef EASY_GDB
166         " easy_gdb"
167 #endif
168 #ifdef CHECK_MUTEX
169         " check_mutex"
170 #endif
171 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
172         " jit(" ARCH_VARIANT ")"
173 #endif
174 #if defined(WITH_SELF_VERIFICATION)
175         " self_verification"
176 #endif
177 #if ANDROID_SMP != 0
178         " smp"
179 #endif
180     );
181 #ifdef DVM_SHOW_EXCEPTION
182     dvmFprintf(stderr, " show_exception=%d", DVM_SHOW_EXCEPTION);
183 #endif
184     dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
185 }
186 
187 /*
188  * Show helpful information on JDWP options.
189  */
showJdwpHelp()190 static void showJdwpHelp()
191 {
192     dvmFprintf(stderr,
193         "Example: -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y\n");
194     dvmFprintf(stderr,
195         "Example: -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=localhost:6500,server=n\n");
196 }
197 
198 /*
199  * Show version and copyright info.
200  */
showVersion()201 static void showVersion()
202 {
203     dvmFprintf(stdout, "DalvikVM version %d.%d.%d\n",
204         DALVIK_MAJOR_VERSION, DALVIK_MINOR_VERSION, DALVIK_BUG_VERSION);
205     dvmFprintf(stdout,
206         "Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project\n\n"
207         "This software is built from source code licensed under the "
208         "Apache License,\n"
209         "Version 2.0 (the \"License\"). You may obtain a copy of the "
210         "License at\n\n"
211         "     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\n"
212         "See the associated NOTICE file for this software for further "
213         "details.\n");
214 }
215 
216 /*
217  * Parse a string of the form /[0-9]+[kKmMgG]?/, which is used to specify
218  * memory sizes.  [kK] indicates kilobytes, [mM] megabytes, and
219  * [gG] gigabytes.
220  *
221  * "s" should point just past the "-Xm?" part of the string.
222  * "min" specifies the lowest acceptable value described by "s".
223  * "div" specifies a divisor, e.g. 1024 if the value must be a multiple
224  * of 1024.
225  *
226  * The spec says the -Xmx and -Xms options must be multiples of 1024.  It
227  * doesn't say anything about -Xss.
228  *
229  * Returns 0 (a useless size) if "s" is malformed or specifies a low or
230  * non-evenly-divisible value.
231  */
parseMemOption(const char * s,size_t div)232 static size_t parseMemOption(const char *s, size_t div)
233 {
234     /* strtoul accepts a leading [+-], which we don't want,
235      * so make sure our string starts with a decimal digit.
236      */
237     if (isdigit(*s)) {
238         const char *s2;
239         size_t val;
240 
241         val = strtoul(s, (char **)&s2, 10);
242         if (s2 != s) {
243             /* s2 should be pointing just after the number.
244              * If this is the end of the string, the user
245              * has specified a number of bytes.  Otherwise,
246              * there should be exactly one more character
247              * that specifies a multiplier.
248              */
249             if (*s2 != '\0') {
250                 char c;
251 
252                 /* The remainder of the string is either a single multiplier
253                  * character, or nothing to indicate that the value is in
254                  * bytes.
255                  */
256                 c = *s2++;
257                 if (*s2 == '\0') {
258                     size_t mul;
259 
260                     if (c == '\0') {
261                         mul = 1;
262                     } else if (c == 'k' || c == 'K') {
263                         mul = 1024;
264                     } else if (c == 'm' || c == 'M') {
265                         mul = 1024 * 1024;
266                     } else if (c == 'g' || c == 'G') {
267                         mul = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
268                     } else {
269                         /* Unknown multiplier character.
270                          */
271                         return 0;
272                     }
273 
274                     if (val <= SIZE_MAX / mul) {
275                         val *= mul;
276                     } else {
277                         /* Clamp to a multiple of 1024.
278                          */
279                         val = SIZE_MAX & ~(1024-1);
280                     }
281                 } else {
282                     /* There's more than one character after the
283                      * numeric part.
284                      */
285                     return 0;
286                 }
287             }
288 
289             /* The man page says that a -Xm value must be
290              * a multiple of 1024.
291              */
292             if (val % div == 0) {
293                 return val;
294             }
295         }
296     }
297 
298     return 0;
299 }
300 
301 /*
302  * Handle one of the JDWP name/value pairs.
303  *
304  * JDWP options are:
305  *  help: if specified, show help message and bail
306  *  transport: may be dt_socket or dt_shmem
307  *  address: for dt_socket, "host:port", or just "port" when listening
308  *  server: if "y", wait for debugger to attach; if "n", attach to debugger
309  *  timeout: how long to wait for debugger to connect / listen
310  *
311  * Useful with server=n (these aren't supported yet):
312  *  onthrow=<exception-name>: connect to debugger when exception thrown
313  *  onuncaught=y|n: connect to debugger when uncaught exception thrown
314  *  launch=<command-line>: launch the debugger itself
315  *
316  * The "transport" option is required, as is "address" if server=n.
317  */
handleJdwpOption(const char * name,const char * value)318 static bool handleJdwpOption(const char* name, const char* value)
319 {
320     if (strcmp(name, "transport") == 0) {
321         if (strcmp(value, "dt_socket") == 0) {
322             gDvm.jdwpTransport = kJdwpTransportSocket;
323         } else if (strcmp(value, "dt_android_adb") == 0) {
324             gDvm.jdwpTransport = kJdwpTransportAndroidAdb;
325         } else {
326             ALOGE("JDWP transport '%s' not supported", value);
327             return false;
328         }
329     } else if (strcmp(name, "server") == 0) {
330         if (*value == 'n')
331             gDvm.jdwpServer = false;
332         else if (*value == 'y')
333             gDvm.jdwpServer = true;
334         else {
335             ALOGE("JDWP option 'server' must be 'y' or 'n'");
336             return false;
337         }
338     } else if (strcmp(name, "suspend") == 0) {
339         if (*value == 'n')
340             gDvm.jdwpSuspend = false;
341         else if (*value == 'y')
342             gDvm.jdwpSuspend = true;
343         else {
344             ALOGE("JDWP option 'suspend' must be 'y' or 'n'");
345             return false;
346         }
347     } else if (strcmp(name, "address") == 0) {
348         /* this is either <port> or <host>:<port> */
349         const char* colon = strchr(value, ':');
350         char* end;
351         long port;
352 
353         if (colon != NULL) {
354             free(gDvm.jdwpHost);
355             gDvm.jdwpHost = (char*) malloc(colon - value +1);
356             strncpy(gDvm.jdwpHost, value, colon - value +1);
357             gDvm.jdwpHost[colon-value] = '\0';
358             value = colon + 1;
359         }
360         if (*value == '\0') {
361             ALOGE("JDWP address missing port");
362             return false;
363         }
364         port = strtol(value, &end, 10);
365         if (*end != '\0') {
366             ALOGE("JDWP address has junk in port field '%s'", value);
367             return false;
368         }
369         gDvm.jdwpPort = port;
370     } else if (strcmp(name, "launch") == 0 ||
371                strcmp(name, "onthrow") == 0 ||
372                strcmp(name, "oncaught") == 0 ||
373                strcmp(name, "timeout") == 0)
374     {
375         /* valid but unsupported */
376         ALOGI("Ignoring JDWP option '%s'='%s'", name, value);
377     } else {
378         ALOGI("Ignoring unrecognized JDWP option '%s'='%s'", name, value);
379     }
380 
381     return true;
382 }
383 
384 /*
385  * Parse the latter half of a -Xrunjdwp/-agentlib:jdwp= string, e.g.:
386  * "transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n"
387  */
parseJdwpOptions(const char * str)388 static bool parseJdwpOptions(const char* str)
389 {
390     char* mangle = strdup(str);
391     char* name = mangle;
392     bool result = false;
393 
394     /*
395      * Process all of the name=value pairs.
396      */
397     while (true) {
398         char* value;
399         char* comma;
400 
401         value = strchr(name, '=');
402         if (value == NULL) {
403             ALOGE("JDWP opts: garbage at '%s'", name);
404             goto bail;
405         }
406 
407         comma = strchr(name, ',');      // use name, not value, for safety
408         if (comma != NULL) {
409             if (comma < value) {
410                 ALOGE("JDWP opts: found comma before '=' in '%s'", mangle);
411                 goto bail;
412             }
413             *comma = '\0';
414         }
415 
416         *value++ = '\0';        // stomp the '='
417 
418         if (!handleJdwpOption(name, value))
419             goto bail;
420 
421         if (comma == NULL) {
422             /* out of options */
423             break;
424         }
425         name = comma+1;
426     }
427 
428     /*
429      * Make sure the combination of arguments makes sense.
430      */
431     if (gDvm.jdwpTransport == kJdwpTransportUnknown) {
432         ALOGE("JDWP opts: must specify transport");
433         goto bail;
434     }
435     if (!gDvm.jdwpServer && (gDvm.jdwpHost == NULL || gDvm.jdwpPort == 0)) {
436         ALOGE("JDWP opts: when server=n, must specify host and port");
437         goto bail;
438     }
439     // transport mandatory
440     // outbound server address
441 
442     gDvm.jdwpConfigured = true;
443     result = true;
444 
445 bail:
446     free(mangle);
447     return result;
448 }
449 
450 /*
451  * Handle one of the four kinds of assertion arguments.
452  *
453  * "pkgOrClass" is the last part of an enable/disable line.  For a package
454  * the arg looks like "-ea:com.google.fubar...", for a class it looks
455  * like "-ea:com.google.fubar.Wahoo".  The string we get starts at the ':'.
456  *
457  * For system assertions (-esa/-dsa), "pkgOrClass" is NULL.
458  *
459  * Multiple instances of these arguments can be specified, e.g. you can
460  * enable assertions for a package and then disable them for one class in
461  * the package.
462  */
enableAssertions(const char * pkgOrClass,bool enable)463 static bool enableAssertions(const char* pkgOrClass, bool enable)
464 {
465     AssertionControl* pCtrl = &gDvm.assertionCtrl[gDvm.assertionCtrlCount++];
466     pCtrl->enable = enable;
467 
468     if (pkgOrClass == NULL) {
469         /* enable or disable for all system classes */
470         pCtrl->isPackage = false;
471         pCtrl->pkgOrClass = NULL;
472         pCtrl->pkgOrClassLen = 0;
473     } else {
474         if (*pkgOrClass == '\0') {
475             /* global enable/disable for all but system */
476             pCtrl->isPackage = false;
477             pCtrl->pkgOrClass = strdup("");
478             pCtrl->pkgOrClassLen = 0;
479         } else {
480             pCtrl->pkgOrClass = dvmDotToSlash(pkgOrClass+1);    // skip ':'
481             if (pCtrl->pkgOrClass == NULL) {
482                 /* can happen if class name includes an illegal '/' */
483                 ALOGW("Unable to process assertion arg '%s'", pkgOrClass);
484                 return false;
485             }
486 
487             int len = strlen(pCtrl->pkgOrClass);
488             if (len >= 3 && strcmp(pCtrl->pkgOrClass + len-3, "///") == 0) {
489                 /* mark as package, truncate two of the three slashes */
490                 pCtrl->isPackage = true;
491                 *(pCtrl->pkgOrClass + len-2) = '\0';
492                 pCtrl->pkgOrClassLen = len - 2;
493             } else {
494                 /* just a class */
495                 pCtrl->isPackage = false;
496                 pCtrl->pkgOrClassLen = len;
497             }
498         }
499     }
500 
501     return true;
502 }
503 
504 /*
505  * Turn assertions on when requested to do so by the Zygote.
506  *
507  * This is a bit sketchy.  We can't (easily) go back and fiddle with all
508  * of the classes that have already been initialized, so this only
509  * affects classes that have yet to be loaded.  If some or all assertions
510  * have been enabled through some other means, we don't want to mess with
511  * it here, so we do nothing.  Finally, we assume that there's room in
512  * "assertionCtrl" to hold at least one entry; this is guaranteed by the
513  * allocator.
514  *
515  * This must only be called from the main thread during zygote init.
516  */
dvmLateEnableAssertions()517 void dvmLateEnableAssertions()
518 {
519     if (gDvm.assertionCtrl == NULL) {
520         ALOGD("Not late-enabling assertions: no assertionCtrl array");
521         return;
522     } else if (gDvm.assertionCtrlCount != 0) {
523         ALOGD("Not late-enabling assertions: some asserts already configured");
524         return;
525     }
526     ALOGD("Late-enabling assertions");
527 
528     /* global enable for all but system */
529     AssertionControl* pCtrl = gDvm.assertionCtrl;
530     pCtrl->pkgOrClass = strdup("");
531     pCtrl->pkgOrClassLen = 0;
532     pCtrl->isPackage = false;
533     pCtrl->enable = true;
534     gDvm.assertionCtrlCount = 1;
535 }
536 
537 
538 /*
539  * Release memory associated with the AssertionCtrl array.
540  */
freeAssertionCtrl()541 static void freeAssertionCtrl()
542 {
543     int i;
544 
545     for (i = 0; i < gDvm.assertionCtrlCount; i++)
546         free(gDvm.assertionCtrl[i].pkgOrClass);
547     free(gDvm.assertionCtrl);
548 }
549 
550 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
551 /* Parse -Xjitop to selectively turn on/off certain opcodes for JIT */
processXjitop(const char * opt)552 static void processXjitop(const char *opt)
553 {
554     if (opt[7] == ':') {
555         const char *startPtr = &opt[8];
556         char *endPtr = NULL;
557 
558         do {
559             long startValue, endValue;
560 
561             startValue = strtol(startPtr, &endPtr, 16);
562             if (startPtr != endPtr) {
563                 /* Just in case value is out of range */
564                 startValue %= kNumPackedOpcodes;
565 
566                 if (*endPtr == '-') {
567                     endValue = strtol(endPtr+1, &endPtr, 16);
568                     endValue %= kNumPackedOpcodes;
569                 } else {
570                     endValue = startValue;
571                 }
572 
573                 for (; startValue <= endValue; startValue++) {
574                     ALOGW("Dalvik opcode %x is selected for debugging",
575                          (unsigned int) startValue);
576                     /* Mark the corresponding bit to 1 */
577                     gDvmJit.opList[startValue >> 3] |= 1 << (startValue & 0x7);
578                 }
579 
580                 if (*endPtr == 0) {
581                     break;
582                 }
583 
584                 startPtr = endPtr + 1;
585 
586                 continue;
587             } else {
588                 if (*endPtr != 0) {
589                     dvmFprintf(stderr,
590                         "Warning: Unrecognized opcode value substring "
591                         "%s\n", endPtr);
592                 }
593                 break;
594             }
595         } while (1);
596     } else {
597         int i;
598         for (i = 0; i < (kNumPackedOpcodes+7)/8; i++) {
599             gDvmJit.opList[i] = 0xff;
600         }
601         dvmFprintf(stderr, "Warning: select all opcodes\n");
602     }
603 }
604 
605 /* Parse -Xjitmethod to selectively turn on/off certain methods for JIT */
processXjitmethod(const char * opt)606 static void processXjitmethod(const char *opt)
607 {
608     char *buf = strdup(&opt[12]);
609     char *start, *end;
610 
611     gDvmJit.methodTable = dvmHashTableCreate(8, NULL);
612 
613     start = buf;
614     /*
615      * Break comma-separated method signatures and enter them into the hash
616      * table individually.
617      */
618     do {
619         int hashValue;
620 
621         end = strchr(start, ',');
622         if (end) {
623             *end = 0;
624         }
625 
626         hashValue = dvmComputeUtf8Hash(start);
627 
628         dvmHashTableLookup(gDvmJit.methodTable, hashValue,
629                            strdup(start),
630                            (HashCompareFunc) strcmp, true);
631         if (end) {
632             start = end + 1;
633         } else {
634             break;
635         }
636     } while (1);
637     free(buf);
638 }
639 #endif
640 
641 /*
642  * Process an argument vector full of options.  Unlike standard C programs,
643  * argv[0] does not contain the name of the program.
644  *
645  * If "ignoreUnrecognized" is set, we ignore options starting with "-X" or "_"
646  * that we don't recognize.  Otherwise, we return with an error as soon as
647  * we see anything we can't identify.
648  *
649  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure, and 1 for the special case of
650  * "-version" where we want to stop without showing an error message.
651  */
processOptions(int argc,const char * const argv[],bool ignoreUnrecognized)652 static int processOptions(int argc, const char* const argv[],
653     bool ignoreUnrecognized)
654 {
655     int i;
656 
657     ALOGV("VM options (%d):", argc);
658     for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
659         ALOGV("  %d: '%s'", i, argv[i]);
660 
661     /*
662      * Over-allocate AssertionControl array for convenience.  If allocated,
663      * the array must be able to hold at least one entry, so that the
664      * zygote-time activation can do its business.
665      */
666     assert(gDvm.assertionCtrl == NULL);
667     if (argc > 0) {
668         gDvm.assertionCtrl =
669             (AssertionControl*) malloc(sizeof(AssertionControl) * argc);
670         if (gDvm.assertionCtrl == NULL)
671             return -1;
672         assert(gDvm.assertionCtrlCount == 0);
673     }
674 
675     for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
676         if (strcmp(argv[i], "-help") == 0) {
677             /* show usage and stop */
678             return -1;
679 
680         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-version") == 0) {
681             /* show version and stop */
682             showVersion();
683             return 1;
684         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-showversion") == 0) {
685             /* show version and continue */
686             showVersion();
687 
688         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-classpath") == 0 ||
689                    strcmp(argv[i], "-cp") == 0)
690         {
691             /* set classpath */
692             if (i == argc-1) {
693                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Missing classpath path list\n");
694                 return -1;
695             }
696             free(gDvm.classPathStr); /* in case we have compiled-in default */
697             gDvm.classPathStr = strdup(argv[++i]);
698 
699         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xbootclasspath:",
700                 sizeof("-Xbootclasspath:")-1) == 0)
701         {
702             /* set bootclasspath */
703             const char* path = argv[i] + sizeof("-Xbootclasspath:")-1;
704 
705             if (*path == '\0') {
706                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Missing bootclasspath path list\n");
707                 return -1;
708             }
709             free(gDvm.bootClassPathStr);
710             gDvm.bootClassPathStr = strdup(path);
711 
712         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xbootclasspath/a:",
713                 sizeof("-Xbootclasspath/a:")-1) == 0) {
714             const char* appPath = argv[i] + sizeof("-Xbootclasspath/a:")-1;
715 
716             if (*(appPath) == '\0') {
717                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Missing appending bootclasspath path list\n");
718                 return -1;
719             }
720             char* allPath;
721 
722             if (asprintf(&allPath, "%s:%s", gDvm.bootClassPathStr, appPath) < 0) {
723                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Can't append to bootclasspath path list\n");
724                 return -1;
725             }
726             free(gDvm.bootClassPathStr);
727             gDvm.bootClassPathStr = allPath;
728 
729         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xbootclasspath/p:",
730                 sizeof("-Xbootclasspath/p:")-1) == 0) {
731             const char* prePath = argv[i] + sizeof("-Xbootclasspath/p:")-1;
732 
733             if (*(prePath) == '\0') {
734                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Missing prepending bootclasspath path list\n");
735                 return -1;
736             }
737             char* allPath;
738 
739             if (asprintf(&allPath, "%s:%s", prePath, gDvm.bootClassPathStr) < 0) {
740                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Can't prepend to bootclasspath path list\n");
741                 return -1;
742             }
743             free(gDvm.bootClassPathStr);
744             gDvm.bootClassPathStr = allPath;
745 
746         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-D", 2) == 0) {
747             /* Properties are handled in managed code. We just check syntax. */
748             if (strchr(argv[i], '=') == NULL) {
749                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Bad system property setting: \"%s\"\n",
750                     argv[i]);
751                 return -1;
752             }
753             gDvm.properties->push_back(argv[i] + 2);
754 
755         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-jar") == 0) {
756             // TODO: handle this; name of jar should be in argv[i+1]
757             dvmFprintf(stderr, "-jar not yet handled\n");
758             assert(false);
759 
760         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xms", 4) == 0) {
761             size_t val = parseMemOption(argv[i]+4, 1024);
762             if (val != 0) {
763                 if (val >= kMinHeapStartSize && val <= kMaxHeapSize) {
764                     gDvm.heapStartingSize = val;
765                 } else {
766                     dvmFprintf(stderr,
767                         "Invalid -Xms '%s', range is %dKB to %dKB\n",
768                         argv[i], kMinHeapStartSize/1024, kMaxHeapSize/1024);
769                     return -1;
770                 }
771             } else {
772                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -Xms option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
773                 return -1;
774             }
775         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xmx", 4) == 0) {
776             size_t val = parseMemOption(argv[i]+4, 1024);
777             if (val != 0) {
778                 if (val >= kMinHeapSize && val <= kMaxHeapSize) {
779                     gDvm.heapMaximumSize = val;
780                 } else {
781                     dvmFprintf(stderr,
782                         "Invalid -Xmx '%s', range is %dKB to %dKB\n",
783                         argv[i], kMinHeapSize/1024, kMaxHeapSize/1024);
784                     return -1;
785                 }
786             } else {
787                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -Xmx option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
788                 return -1;
789             }
790         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=", 20) == 0) {
791             size_t val = parseMemOption(argv[i] + 20, 1024);
792             if (val != 0) {
793                 gDvm.heapGrowthLimit = val;
794             } else {
795                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -XX:HeapGrowthLimit option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
796                 return -1;
797             }
798         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xss", 4) == 0) {
799             size_t val = parseMemOption(argv[i]+4, 1);
800             if (val != 0) {
801                 if (val >= kMinStackSize && val <= kMaxStackSize) {
802                     gDvm.stackSize = val;
803                     if (val > gDvm.mainThreadStackSize) {
804                         gDvm.mainThreadStackSize = val;
805                     }
806                 } else {
807                     dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -Xss '%s', range is %d to %d\n",
808                         argv[i], kMinStackSize, kMaxStackSize);
809                     return -1;
810                 }
811             } else {
812                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -Xss option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
813                 return -1;
814             }
815 
816         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-XX:mainThreadStackSize=", strlen("-XX:mainThreadStackSize=")) == 0) {
817             size_t val = parseMemOption(argv[i] + strlen("-XX:mainThreadStackSize="), 1);
818             if (val != 0) {
819                 if (val >= kMinStackSize && val <= kMaxStackSize) {
820                     gDvm.mainThreadStackSize = val;
821                 } else {
822                     dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -XX:mainThreadStackSize '%s', range is %d to %d\n",
823                                argv[i], kMinStackSize, kMaxStackSize);
824                     return -1;
825                 }
826             } else {
827                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Invalid -XX:mainThreadStackSize option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
828                 return -1;
829             }
830 
831         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-XX:+DisableExplicitGC", 22) == 0) {
832             gDvm.disableExplicitGc = true;
833         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-verbose") == 0 ||
834             strcmp(argv[i], "-verbose:class") == 0)
835         {
836             // JNI spec says "-verbose:gc,class" is valid, but cmd line
837             // doesn't work that way; may want to support.
838             gDvm.verboseClass = true;
839         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-verbose:jni") == 0) {
840             gDvm.verboseJni = true;
841         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-verbose:gc") == 0) {
842             gDvm.verboseGc = true;
843         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-verbose:shutdown") == 0) {
844             gDvm.verboseShutdown = true;
845 
846         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-enableassertions", 17) == 0) {
847             enableAssertions(argv[i] + 17, true);
848         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-ea", 3) == 0) {
849             enableAssertions(argv[i] + 3, true);
850         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-disableassertions", 18) == 0) {
851             enableAssertions(argv[i] + 18, false);
852         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-da", 3) == 0) {
853             enableAssertions(argv[i] + 3, false);
854         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-enablesystemassertions") == 0 ||
855                    strcmp(argv[i], "-esa") == 0)
856         {
857             enableAssertions(NULL, true);
858         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-disablesystemassertions") == 0 ||
859                    strcmp(argv[i], "-dsa") == 0)
860         {
861             enableAssertions(NULL, false);
862 
863         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xcheck:jni", 11) == 0) {
864             /* nothing to do now -- was handled during JNI init */
865 
866         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xdebug") == 0) {
867             /* accept but ignore */
868 
869         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xrunjdwp:", 10) == 0 ||
870             strncmp(argv[i], "-agentlib:jdwp=", 15) == 0)
871         {
872             const char* tail;
873 
874             if (argv[i][1] == 'X')
875                 tail = argv[i] + 10;
876             else
877                 tail = argv[i] + 15;
878 
879             if (strncmp(tail, "help", 4) == 0 || !parseJdwpOptions(tail)) {
880                 showJdwpHelp();
881                 return 1;
882             }
883         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xrs") == 0) {
884             gDvm.reduceSignals = true;
885         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xnoquithandler") == 0) {
886             /* disables SIGQUIT handler thread while still blocking SIGQUIT */
887             /* (useful if we don't want thread but system still signals us) */
888             gDvm.noQuitHandler = true;
889         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xzygote") == 0) {
890             gDvm.zygote = true;
891 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
892             gDvmJit.runningInAndroidFramework = true;
893 #endif
894         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xdexopt:", 9) == 0) {
895             if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "none") == 0)
896                 gDvm.dexOptMode = OPTIMIZE_MODE_NONE;
897             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "verified") == 0)
898                 gDvm.dexOptMode = OPTIMIZE_MODE_VERIFIED;
899             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "all") == 0)
900                 gDvm.dexOptMode = OPTIMIZE_MODE_ALL;
901             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "full") == 0)
902                 gDvm.dexOptMode = OPTIMIZE_MODE_FULL;
903             else {
904                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized dexopt option '%s'\n",argv[i]);
905                 return -1;
906             }
907         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xverify:", 9) == 0) {
908             if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "none") == 0)
909                 gDvm.classVerifyMode = VERIFY_MODE_NONE;
910             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "remote") == 0)
911                 gDvm.classVerifyMode = VERIFY_MODE_REMOTE;
912             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "all") == 0)
913                 gDvm.classVerifyMode = VERIFY_MODE_ALL;
914             else {
915                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized verify option '%s'\n",argv[i]);
916                 return -1;
917             }
918         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjnigreflimit:", 15) == 0) {
919             int lim = atoi(argv[i] + 15);
920             if (lim < 200 || (lim % 100) != 0) {
921                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Bad value for -Xjnigreflimit: '%s'\n",
922                     argv[i]+15);
923                 return -1;
924             }
925             gDvm.jniGrefLimit = lim;
926         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjnitrace:", 11) == 0) {
927             gDvm.jniTrace = strdup(argv[i] + 11);
928         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xlog-stdio") == 0) {
929             gDvm.logStdio = true;
930 
931         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xint", 5) == 0) {
932             if (argv[i][5] == ':') {
933                 if (strcmp(argv[i] + 6, "portable") == 0)
934                     gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeInterpPortable;
935                 else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 6, "fast") == 0)
936                     gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeInterpFast;
937 #ifdef WITH_JIT
938                 else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 6, "jit") == 0)
939                     gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeJit;
940 #endif
941                 else {
942                     dvmFprintf(stderr,
943                         "Warning: Unrecognized interpreter mode %s\n",argv[i]);
944                     /* keep going */
945                 }
946             } else {
947                 /* disable JIT if it was enabled by default */
948                 gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeInterpFast;
949             }
950 
951         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xlockprofthreshold:", 20) == 0) {
952             gDvm.lockProfThreshold = atoi(argv[i] + 20);
953 
954 #ifdef WITH_JIT
955         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitop", 7) == 0) {
956             processXjitop(argv[i]);
957         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitmethod", 11) == 0) {
958             processXjitmethod(argv[i]);
959         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitblocking", 13) == 0) {
960           gDvmJit.blockingMode = true;
961         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitthreshold:", 15) == 0) {
962           gDvmJit.threshold = atoi(argv[i] + 15);
963         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xincludeselectedop", 19) == 0) {
964           gDvmJit.includeSelectedOp = true;
965         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xincludeselectedmethod", 23) == 0) {
966           gDvmJit.includeSelectedMethod = true;
967         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitcheckcg", 12) == 0) {
968           gDvmJit.checkCallGraph = true;
969           /* Need to enable blocking mode due to stack crawling */
970           gDvmJit.blockingMode = true;
971         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitverbose", 12) == 0) {
972           gDvmJit.printMe = true;
973         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitprofile", 12) == 0) {
974           gDvmJit.profileMode = kTraceProfilingContinuous;
975         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitdisableopt", 15) == 0) {
976           /* Disable selected optimizations */
977           if (argv[i][15] == ':') {
978               sscanf(argv[i] + 16, "%x", &gDvmJit.disableOpt);
979           /* Disable all optimizations */
980           } else {
981               gDvmJit.disableOpt = -1;
982           }
983         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xjitsuspendpoll", 16) == 0) {
984           gDvmJit.genSuspendPoll = true;
985 #endif
986 
987         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xstacktracefile:", 17) == 0) {
988             gDvm.stackTraceFile = strdup(argv[i]+17);
989 
990         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xgenregmap") == 0) {
991             gDvm.generateRegisterMaps = true;
992         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xnogenregmap") == 0) {
993             gDvm.generateRegisterMaps = false;
994 
995         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "Xverifyopt:checkmon") == 0) {
996             gDvm.monitorVerification = true;
997         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "Xverifyopt:nocheckmon") == 0) {
998             gDvm.monitorVerification = false;
999 
1000         } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-Xgc:", 5) == 0) {
1001             if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "precise") == 0)
1002                 gDvm.preciseGc = true;
1003             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "noprecise") == 0)
1004                 gDvm.preciseGc = false;
1005             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "preverify") == 0)
1006                 gDvm.preVerify = true;
1007             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "nopreverify") == 0)
1008                 gDvm.preVerify = false;
1009             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "postverify") == 0)
1010                 gDvm.postVerify = true;
1011             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "nopostverify") == 0)
1012                 gDvm.postVerify = false;
1013             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "concurrent") == 0)
1014                 gDvm.concurrentMarkSweep = true;
1015             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "noconcurrent") == 0)
1016                 gDvm.concurrentMarkSweep = false;
1017             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "verifycardtable") == 0)
1018                 gDvm.verifyCardTable = true;
1019             else if (strcmp(argv[i] + 5, "noverifycardtable") == 0)
1020                 gDvm.verifyCardTable = false;
1021             else {
1022                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Bad value for -Xgc");
1023                 return -1;
1024             }
1025             ALOGV("Precise GC configured %s", gDvm.preciseGc ? "ON" : "OFF");
1026 
1027         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xcheckdexsum") == 0) {
1028             gDvm.verifyDexChecksum = true;
1029 
1030         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xprofile:threadcpuclock") == 0) {
1031             gDvm.profilerClockSource = kProfilerClockSourceThreadCpu;
1032         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xprofile:wallclock") == 0) {
1033             gDvm.profilerClockSource = kProfilerClockSourceWall;
1034         } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-Xprofile:dualclock") == 0) {
1035             gDvm.profilerClockSource = kProfilerClockSourceDual;
1036 
1037         } else {
1038             if (!ignoreUnrecognized) {
1039                 dvmFprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized option '%s'\n", argv[i]);
1040                 return -1;
1041             }
1042         }
1043     }
1044 
1045     return 0;
1046 }
1047 
1048 /*
1049  * Set defaults for fields altered or modified by arguments.
1050  *
1051  * Globals are initialized to 0 (a/k/a NULL or false).
1052  */
setCommandLineDefaults()1053 static void setCommandLineDefaults()
1054 {
1055     const char* envStr = getenv("CLASSPATH");
1056     if (envStr != NULL) {
1057         gDvm.classPathStr = strdup(envStr);
1058     } else {
1059         gDvm.classPathStr = strdup(".");
1060     }
1061     envStr = getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH");
1062     if (envStr != NULL) {
1063         gDvm.bootClassPathStr = strdup(envStr);
1064     } else {
1065         gDvm.bootClassPathStr = strdup(".");
1066     }
1067 
1068     gDvm.properties = new std::vector<std::string>();
1069 
1070     /* Defaults overridden by -Xms and -Xmx.
1071      * TODO: base these on a system or application-specific default
1072      */
1073     gDvm.heapStartingSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024;  // Spec says 16MB; too big for us.
1074     gDvm.heapMaximumSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;  // Spec says 75% physical mem
1075     gDvm.heapGrowthLimit = 0;  // 0 means no growth limit
1076     gDvm.stackSize = kDefaultStackSize;
1077     gDvm.mainThreadStackSize = kDefaultStackSize;
1078 
1079     gDvm.concurrentMarkSweep = true;
1080 
1081     /* gDvm.jdwpSuspend = true; */
1082 
1083     /* allowed unless zygote config doesn't allow it */
1084     gDvm.jdwpAllowed = true;
1085 
1086     /* default verification and optimization modes */
1087     gDvm.classVerifyMode = VERIFY_MODE_ALL;
1088     gDvm.dexOptMode = OPTIMIZE_MODE_VERIFIED;
1089     gDvm.monitorVerification = false;
1090     gDvm.generateRegisterMaps = true;
1091     gDvm.registerMapMode = kRegisterMapModeTypePrecise;
1092 
1093     /*
1094      * Default execution mode.
1095      *
1096      * This should probably interact with the mterp code somehow, e.g. if
1097      * we know we're using the "desktop" build we should probably be
1098      * using "portable" rather than "fast".
1099      */
1100 #if defined(WITH_JIT)
1101     gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeJit;
1102 #else
1103     gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeInterpFast;
1104 #endif
1105 
1106     /*
1107      * SMP support is a compile-time define, but we may want to have
1108      * dexopt target a differently-configured device.
1109      */
1110     gDvm.dexOptForSmp = (ANDROID_SMP != 0);
1111 
1112     /*
1113      * Default profiler configuration.
1114      */
1115     gDvm.profilerClockSource = kProfilerClockSourceDual;
1116 }
1117 
1118 
1119 /*
1120  * Handle a SIGBUS, which frequently occurs because somebody replaced an
1121  * optimized DEX file out from under us.
1122  */
busCatcher(int signum,siginfo_t * info,void * context)1123 static void busCatcher(int signum, siginfo_t* info, void* context)
1124 {
1125     void* addr = info->si_addr;
1126 
1127     ALOGE("Caught a SIGBUS (%d), addr=%p", signum, addr);
1128 
1129     /*
1130      * If we return at this point the SIGBUS just keeps happening, so we
1131      * remove the signal handler and allow it to kill us.  TODO: restore
1132      * the original, which points to a debuggerd stub; if we don't then
1133      * debuggerd won't be notified.
1134      */
1135     signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
1136 }
1137 
1138 /*
1139  * Configure signals.  We need to block SIGQUIT so that the signal only
1140  * reaches the dump-stack-trace thread.
1141  *
1142  * This can be disabled with the "-Xrs" flag.
1143  */
blockSignals()1144 static void blockSignals()
1145 {
1146     sigset_t mask;
1147     int cc;
1148 
1149     sigemptyset(&mask);
1150     sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT);
1151     sigaddset(&mask, SIGUSR1);      // used to initiate heap dump
1152 #if defined(WITH_JIT) && defined(WITH_JIT_TUNING)
1153     sigaddset(&mask, SIGUSR2);      // used to investigate JIT internals
1154 #endif
1155     //sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
1156     cc = sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);
1157     assert(cc == 0);
1158 
1159     if (false) {
1160         /* TODO: save the old sigaction in a global */
1161         struct sigaction sa;
1162         memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
1163         sa.sa_sigaction = busCatcher;
1164         sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
1165         cc = sigaction(SIGBUS, &sa, NULL);
1166         assert(cc == 0);
1167     }
1168 }
1169 
1170 class ScopedShutdown {
1171 public:
ScopedShutdown()1172     ScopedShutdown() : armed_(true) {
1173     }
1174 
~ScopedShutdown()1175     ~ScopedShutdown() {
1176         if (armed_) {
1177             dvmShutdown();
1178         }
1179     }
1180 
disarm()1181     void disarm() {
1182         armed_ = false;
1183     }
1184 
1185 private:
1186     bool armed_;
1187 };
1188 
1189 /*
1190  * VM initialization.  Pass in any options provided on the command line.
1191  * Do not pass in the class name or the options for the class.
1192  *
1193  * Returns 0 on success.
1194  */
dvmStartup(int argc,const char * const argv[],bool ignoreUnrecognized,JNIEnv * pEnv)1195 std::string dvmStartup(int argc, const char* const argv[],
1196         bool ignoreUnrecognized, JNIEnv* pEnv)
1197 {
1198     ScopedShutdown scopedShutdown;
1199 
1200     assert(gDvm.initializing);
1201 
1202     ALOGV("VM init args (%d):", argc);
1203     for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1204         ALOGV("  %d: '%s'", i, argv[i]);
1205     }
1206     setCommandLineDefaults();
1207 
1208     /*
1209      * Process the option flags (if any).
1210      */
1211     int cc = processOptions(argc, argv, ignoreUnrecognized);
1212     if (cc != 0) {
1213         if (cc < 0) {
1214             dvmFprintf(stderr, "\n");
1215             usage("dalvikvm");
1216         }
1217         return "syntax error";
1218     }
1219 
1220 #if WITH_EXTRA_GC_CHECKS > 1
1221     /* only "portable" interp has the extra goodies */
1222     if (gDvm.executionMode != kExecutionModeInterpPortable) {
1223         ALOGI("Switching to 'portable' interpreter for GC checks");
1224         gDvm.executionMode = kExecutionModeInterpPortable;
1225     }
1226 #endif
1227 
1228     /* Configure group scheduling capabilities */
1229     if (!access("/dev/cpuctl/tasks", F_OK)) {
1230         ALOGV("Using kernel group scheduling");
1231         gDvm.kernelGroupScheduling = 1;
1232     } else {
1233         ALOGV("Using kernel scheduler policies");
1234     }
1235 
1236     /* configure signal handling */
1237     if (!gDvm.reduceSignals)
1238         blockSignals();
1239 
1240     /* verify system page size */
1241     if (sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) != SYSTEM_PAGE_SIZE) {
1242         return StringPrintf("expected page size %d, got %d",
1243                 SYSTEM_PAGE_SIZE, (int) sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
1244     }
1245 
1246     /* mterp setup */
1247     ALOGV("Using executionMode %d", gDvm.executionMode);
1248     dvmCheckAsmConstants();
1249 
1250     /*
1251      * Initialize components.
1252      */
1253     if (!dvmAllocTrackerStartup()) {
1254         return "dvmAllocTrackerStartup failed";
1255     }
1256     if (!dvmGcStartup()) {
1257         return "dvmGcStartup failed";
1258     }
1259     if (!dvmThreadStartup()) {
1260         return "dvmThreadStartup failed";
1261     }
1262     if (!dvmInlineNativeStartup()) {
1263         return "dvmInlineNativeStartup";
1264     }
1265     if (!dvmRegisterMapStartup()) {
1266         return "dvmRegisterMapStartup failed";
1267     }
1268     if (!dvmInstanceofStartup()) {
1269         return "dvmInstanceofStartup failed";
1270     }
1271     if (!dvmClassStartup()) {
1272         return "dvmClassStartup failed";
1273     }
1274 
1275     /*
1276      * At this point, the system is guaranteed to be sufficiently
1277      * initialized that we can look up classes and class members. This
1278      * call populates the gDvm instance with all the class and member
1279      * references that the VM wants to use directly.
1280      */
1281     if (!dvmFindRequiredClassesAndMembers()) {
1282         return "dvmFindRequiredClassesAndMembers failed";
1283     }
1284 
1285     if (!dvmStringInternStartup()) {
1286         return "dvmStringInternStartup failed";
1287     }
1288     if (!dvmNativeStartup()) {
1289         return "dvmNativeStartup failed";
1290     }
1291     if (!dvmInternalNativeStartup()) {
1292         return "dvmInternalNativeStartup failed";
1293     }
1294     if (!dvmJniStartup()) {
1295         return "dvmJniStartup failed";
1296     }
1297     if (!dvmProfilingStartup()) {
1298         return "dvmProfilingStartup failed";
1299     }
1300 
1301     /*
1302      * Create a table of methods for which we will substitute an "inline"
1303      * version for performance.
1304      */
1305     if (!dvmCreateInlineSubsTable()) {
1306         return "dvmCreateInlineSubsTable failed";
1307     }
1308 
1309     /*
1310      * Miscellaneous class library validation.
1311      */
1312     if (!dvmValidateBoxClasses()) {
1313         return "dvmValidateBoxClasses failed";
1314     }
1315 
1316     /*
1317      * Do the last bits of Thread struct initialization we need to allow
1318      * JNI calls to work.
1319      */
1320     if (!dvmPrepMainForJni(pEnv)) {
1321         return "dvmPrepMainForJni failed";
1322     }
1323 
1324     /*
1325      * Explicitly initialize java.lang.Class.  This doesn't happen
1326      * automatically because it's allocated specially (it's an instance
1327      * of itself).  Must happen before registration of system natives,
1328      * which make some calls that throw assertions if the classes they
1329      * operate on aren't initialized.
1330      */
1331     if (!dvmInitClass(gDvm.classJavaLangClass)) {
1332         return "couldn't initialized java.lang.Class";
1333     }
1334 
1335     /*
1336      * Register the system native methods, which are registered through JNI.
1337      */
1338     if (!registerSystemNatives(pEnv)) {
1339         return "couldn't register system natives";
1340     }
1341 
1342     /*
1343      * Do some "late" initialization for the memory allocator.  This may
1344      * allocate storage and initialize classes.
1345      */
1346     if (!dvmCreateStockExceptions()) {
1347         return "dvmCreateStockExceptions failed";
1348     }
1349 
1350     /*
1351      * At this point, the VM is in a pretty good state.  Finish prep on
1352      * the main thread (specifically, create a java.lang.Thread object to go
1353      * along with our Thread struct).  Note we will probably be executing
1354      * some interpreted class initializer code in here.
1355      */
1356     if (!dvmPrepMainThread()) {
1357         return "dvmPrepMainThread failed";
1358     }
1359 
1360     /*
1361      * Make sure we haven't accumulated any tracked references.  The main
1362      * thread should be starting with a clean slate.
1363      */
1364     if (dvmReferenceTableEntries(&dvmThreadSelf()->internalLocalRefTable) != 0)
1365     {
1366         ALOGW("Warning: tracked references remain post-initialization");
1367         dvmDumpReferenceTable(&dvmThreadSelf()->internalLocalRefTable, "MAIN");
1368     }
1369 
1370     /* general debugging setup */
1371     if (!dvmDebuggerStartup()) {
1372         return "dvmDebuggerStartup failed";
1373     }
1374 
1375     if (!dvmGcStartupClasses()) {
1376         return "dvmGcStartupClasses failed";
1377     }
1378 
1379     /*
1380      * Init for either zygote mode or non-zygote mode.  The key difference
1381      * is that we don't start any additional threads in Zygote mode.
1382      */
1383     if (gDvm.zygote) {
1384         if (!initZygote()) {
1385             return "initZygote failed";
1386         }
1387     } else {
1388         if (!dvmInitAfterZygote()) {
1389             return "dvmInitAfterZygote failed";
1390         }
1391     }
1392 
1393 
1394 #ifndef NDEBUG
1395     if (!dvmTestHash())
1396         ALOGE("dvmTestHash FAILED");
1397     if (false /*noisy!*/ && !dvmTestIndirectRefTable())
1398         ALOGE("dvmTestIndirectRefTable FAILED");
1399 #endif
1400 
1401     if (dvmCheckException(dvmThreadSelf())) {
1402         dvmLogExceptionStackTrace();
1403         return "Exception pending at end of VM initialization";
1404     }
1405 
1406     scopedShutdown.disarm();
1407     return "";
1408 }
1409 
loadJniLibrary(const char * name)1410 static void loadJniLibrary(const char* name) {
1411     std::string mappedName(StringPrintf(OS_SHARED_LIB_FORMAT_STR, name));
1412     char* reason = NULL;
1413     if (!dvmLoadNativeCode(mappedName.c_str(), NULL, &reason)) {
1414         ALOGE("dvmLoadNativeCode failed for \"%s\": %s", name, reason);
1415         dvmAbort();
1416     }
1417 }
1418 
1419 /*
1420  * Register java.* natives from our class libraries.  We need to do
1421  * this after we're ready for JNI registration calls, but before we
1422  * do any class initialization.
1423  *
1424  * If we get this wrong, we will blow up in the ThreadGroup class init if
1425  * interpreted code makes any reference to System.  It will likely do this
1426  * since it wants to do some java.io.File setup (e.g. for static in/out/err).
1427  *
1428  * We need to have gDvm.initializing raised here so that JNI FindClass
1429  * won't try to use the system/application class loader.
1430  */
registerSystemNatives(JNIEnv * pEnv)1431 static bool registerSystemNatives(JNIEnv* pEnv)
1432 {
1433     // Main thread is always first in list.
1434     Thread* self = gDvm.threadList;
1435 
1436     // Must set this before allowing JNI-based method registration.
1437     self->status = THREAD_NATIVE;
1438 
1439     // Most JNI libraries can just use System.loadLibrary, but you can't
1440     // if you're the library that implements System.loadLibrary!
1441     loadJniLibrary("javacore");
1442     loadJniLibrary("nativehelper");
1443 
1444     // Back to run mode.
1445     self->status = THREAD_RUNNING;
1446 
1447     return true;
1448 }
1449 
1450 
1451 /*
1452  * Do zygote-mode-only initialization.
1453  */
initZygote()1454 static bool initZygote()
1455 {
1456     /* zygote goes into its own process group */
1457     setpgid(0,0);
1458 
1459     return true;
1460 }
1461 
1462 /*
1463  * Do non-zygote-mode initialization.  This is done during VM init for
1464  * standard startup, or after a "zygote fork" when creating a new process.
1465  */
dvmInitAfterZygote()1466 bool dvmInitAfterZygote()
1467 {
1468     u8 startHeap, startQuit, startJdwp;
1469     u8 endHeap, endQuit, endJdwp;
1470 
1471     startHeap = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1472 
1473     /*
1474      * Post-zygote heap initialization, including starting
1475      * the HeapWorker thread.
1476      */
1477     if (!dvmGcStartupAfterZygote())
1478         return false;
1479 
1480     endHeap = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1481     startQuit = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1482 
1483     /* start signal catcher thread that dumps stacks on SIGQUIT */
1484     if (!gDvm.reduceSignals && !gDvm.noQuitHandler) {
1485         if (!dvmSignalCatcherStartup())
1486             return false;
1487     }
1488 
1489     /* start stdout/stderr copier, if requested */
1490     if (gDvm.logStdio) {
1491         if (!dvmStdioConverterStartup())
1492             return false;
1493     }
1494 
1495     endQuit = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1496     startJdwp = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1497 
1498     /*
1499      * Start JDWP thread.  If the command-line debugger flags specified
1500      * "suspend=y", this will pause the VM.  We probably want this to
1501      * come last.
1502      */
1503     if (!initJdwp()) {
1504         ALOGD("JDWP init failed; continuing anyway");
1505     }
1506 
1507     endJdwp = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
1508 
1509     ALOGV("thread-start heap=%d quit=%d jdwp=%d total=%d usec",
1510         (int)(endHeap-startHeap), (int)(endQuit-startQuit),
1511         (int)(endJdwp-startJdwp), (int)(endJdwp-startHeap));
1512 
1513 #ifdef WITH_JIT
1514     if (gDvm.executionMode == kExecutionModeJit) {
1515         if (!dvmCompilerStartup())
1516             return false;
1517     }
1518 #endif
1519 
1520     return true;
1521 }
1522 
1523 /*
1524  * Prepare for a connection to a JDWP-compliant debugger.
1525  *
1526  * Note this needs to happen fairly late in the startup process, because
1527  * we need to have all of the java.* native methods registered (which in
1528  * turn requires JNI to be fully prepped).
1529  *
1530  * There are several ways to initialize:
1531  *   server=n
1532  *     We immediately try to connect to host:port.  Bail on failure.  On
1533  *     success, send VM_START (suspending the VM if "suspend=y").
1534  *   server=y suspend=n
1535  *     Passively listen for a debugger to connect.  Return immediately.
1536  *   server=y suspend=y
1537  *     Wait until debugger connects.  Send VM_START ASAP, suspending the
1538  *     VM after the message is sent.
1539  *
1540  * This gets more complicated with a nonzero value for "timeout".
1541  */
initJdwp()1542 static bool initJdwp()
1543 {
1544     assert(!gDvm.zygote);
1545 
1546     /*
1547      * Init JDWP if the debugger is enabled.  This may connect out to a
1548      * debugger, passively listen for a debugger, or block waiting for a
1549      * debugger.
1550      */
1551     if (gDvm.jdwpAllowed && gDvm.jdwpConfigured) {
1552         JdwpStartupParams params;
1553 
1554         if (gDvm.jdwpHost != NULL) {
1555             if (strlen(gDvm.jdwpHost) >= sizeof(params.host)-1) {
1556                 ALOGE("ERROR: hostname too long: '%s'", gDvm.jdwpHost);
1557                 return false;
1558             }
1559             strcpy(params.host, gDvm.jdwpHost);
1560         } else {
1561             params.host[0] = '\0';
1562         }
1563         params.transport = gDvm.jdwpTransport;
1564         params.server = gDvm.jdwpServer;
1565         params.suspend = gDvm.jdwpSuspend;
1566         params.port = gDvm.jdwpPort;
1567 
1568         gDvm.jdwpState = dvmJdwpStartup(&params);
1569         if (gDvm.jdwpState == NULL) {
1570             ALOGW("WARNING: debugger thread failed to initialize");
1571             /* TODO: ignore? fail? need to mimic "expected" behavior */
1572         }
1573     }
1574 
1575     /*
1576      * If a debugger has already attached, send the "welcome" message.  This
1577      * may cause us to suspend all threads.
1578      */
1579     if (dvmJdwpIsActive(gDvm.jdwpState)) {
1580         //dvmChangeStatus(NULL, THREAD_RUNNING);
1581         if (!dvmJdwpPostVMStart(gDvm.jdwpState, gDvm.jdwpSuspend)) {
1582             ALOGW("WARNING: failed to post 'start' message to debugger");
1583             /* keep going */
1584         }
1585         //dvmChangeStatus(NULL, THREAD_NATIVE);
1586     }
1587 
1588     return true;
1589 }
1590 
1591 /*
1592  * An alternative to JNI_CreateJavaVM/dvmStartup that does the first bit
1593  * of initialization and then returns with "initializing" still set.  (Used
1594  * by DexOpt command-line utility.)
1595  *
1596  * Attempting to use JNI or internal natives will fail.  It's best
1597  * if no bytecode gets executed, which means no <clinit>, which means
1598  * no exception-throwing.  (In practice we need to initialize Class and
1599  * Object, and probably some exception classes.)
1600  *
1601  * Returns 0 on success.
1602  */
dvmPrepForDexOpt(const char * bootClassPath,DexOptimizerMode dexOptMode,DexClassVerifyMode verifyMode,int dexoptFlags)1603 int dvmPrepForDexOpt(const char* bootClassPath, DexOptimizerMode dexOptMode,
1604     DexClassVerifyMode verifyMode, int dexoptFlags)
1605 {
1606     gDvm.initializing = true;
1607     gDvm.optimizing = true;
1608 
1609     /* configure signal handling */
1610     blockSignals();
1611 
1612     /* set some defaults */
1613     setCommandLineDefaults();
1614     free(gDvm.bootClassPathStr);
1615     gDvm.bootClassPathStr = strdup(bootClassPath);
1616 
1617     /* set opt/verify modes */
1618     gDvm.dexOptMode = dexOptMode;
1619     gDvm.classVerifyMode = verifyMode;
1620     gDvm.generateRegisterMaps = (dexoptFlags & DEXOPT_GEN_REGISTER_MAPS) != 0;
1621     if (dexoptFlags & DEXOPT_SMP) {
1622         assert((dexoptFlags & DEXOPT_UNIPROCESSOR) == 0);
1623         gDvm.dexOptForSmp = true;
1624     } else if (dexoptFlags & DEXOPT_UNIPROCESSOR) {
1625         gDvm.dexOptForSmp = false;
1626     } else {
1627         gDvm.dexOptForSmp = (ANDROID_SMP != 0);
1628     }
1629 
1630     /*
1631      * Initialize the heap, some basic thread control mutexes, and
1632      * get the bootclasspath prepped.
1633      *
1634      * We can't load any classes yet because we may not yet have a source
1635      * for things like java.lang.Object and java.lang.Class.
1636      */
1637     if (!dvmGcStartup())
1638         goto fail;
1639     if (!dvmThreadStartup())
1640         goto fail;
1641     if (!dvmInlineNativeStartup())
1642         goto fail;
1643     if (!dvmRegisterMapStartup())
1644         goto fail;
1645     if (!dvmInstanceofStartup())
1646         goto fail;
1647     if (!dvmClassStartup())
1648         goto fail;
1649 
1650     /*
1651      * We leave gDvm.initializing set to "true" so that, if we're not
1652      * able to process the "core" classes, we don't go into a death-spin
1653      * trying to throw a "class not found" exception.
1654      */
1655 
1656     return 0;
1657 
1658 fail:
1659     dvmShutdown();
1660     return 1;
1661 }
1662 
1663 
1664 /*
1665  * All threads have stopped.  Finish the shutdown procedure.
1666  *
1667  * We can also be called if startup fails partway through, so be prepared
1668  * to deal with partially initialized data.
1669  *
1670  * Free any storage allocated in gGlobals.
1671  *
1672  * We can't dlclose() shared libs we've loaded, because it's possible a
1673  * thread not associated with the VM is running code in one.
1674  *
1675  * This is called from the JNI DestroyJavaVM function, which can be
1676  * called from any thread.  (In practice, this will usually run in the
1677  * same thread that started the VM, a/k/a the main thread, but we don't
1678  * want to assume that.)
1679  */
dvmShutdown()1680 void dvmShutdown()
1681 {
1682     ALOGV("VM shutting down");
1683 
1684     if (CALC_CACHE_STATS)
1685         dvmDumpAtomicCacheStats(gDvm.instanceofCache);
1686 
1687     /*
1688      * Stop our internal threads.
1689      */
1690     dvmGcThreadShutdown();
1691 
1692     if (gDvm.jdwpState != NULL)
1693         dvmJdwpShutdown(gDvm.jdwpState);
1694     free(gDvm.jdwpHost);
1695     gDvm.jdwpHost = NULL;
1696     free(gDvm.jniTrace);
1697     gDvm.jniTrace = NULL;
1698     free(gDvm.stackTraceFile);
1699     gDvm.stackTraceFile = NULL;
1700 
1701     /* tell signal catcher to shut down if it was started */
1702     dvmSignalCatcherShutdown();
1703 
1704     /* shut down stdout/stderr conversion */
1705     dvmStdioConverterShutdown();
1706 
1707 #ifdef WITH_JIT
1708     if (gDvm.executionMode == kExecutionModeJit) {
1709         /* shut down the compiler thread */
1710         dvmCompilerShutdown();
1711     }
1712 #endif
1713 
1714     /*
1715      * Kill any daemon threads that still exist.  Actively-running threads
1716      * are likely to crash the process if they continue to execute while
1717      * the VM shuts down.
1718      */
1719     dvmSlayDaemons();
1720 
1721     if (gDvm.verboseShutdown)
1722         ALOGD("VM cleaning up");
1723 
1724     dvmDebuggerShutdown();
1725     dvmProfilingShutdown();
1726     dvmJniShutdown();
1727     dvmStringInternShutdown();
1728     dvmThreadShutdown();
1729     dvmClassShutdown();
1730     dvmRegisterMapShutdown();
1731     dvmInstanceofShutdown();
1732     dvmInlineNativeShutdown();
1733     dvmGcShutdown();
1734     dvmAllocTrackerShutdown();
1735 
1736     /* these must happen AFTER dvmClassShutdown has walked through class data */
1737     dvmNativeShutdown();
1738     dvmInternalNativeShutdown();
1739 
1740     dvmFreeInlineSubsTable();
1741 
1742     free(gDvm.bootClassPathStr);
1743     free(gDvm.classPathStr);
1744     delete gDvm.properties;
1745 
1746     freeAssertionCtrl();
1747 
1748     /*
1749      * We want valgrind to report anything we forget to free as "definitely
1750      * lost".  If there's a pointer in the global chunk, it would be reported
1751      * as "still reachable".  Erasing the memory fixes this.
1752      *
1753      * This must be erased to zero if we want to restart the VM within this
1754      * process.
1755      */
1756     memset(&gDvm, 0xcd, sizeof(gDvm));
1757 }
1758 
1759 
1760 /*
1761  * fprintf() wrapper that calls through the JNI-specified vfprintf hook if
1762  * one was specified.
1763  */
dvmFprintf(FILE * fp,const char * format,...)1764 int dvmFprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, ...)
1765 {
1766     va_list args;
1767     int result;
1768 
1769     va_start(args, format);
1770     if (gDvm.vfprintfHook != NULL)
1771         result = (*gDvm.vfprintfHook)(fp, format, args);
1772     else
1773         result = vfprintf(fp, format, args);
1774     va_end(args);
1775 
1776     return result;
1777 }
1778 
1779 #ifdef __GLIBC__
1780 #include <execinfo.h>
1781 /*
1782  * glibc-only stack dump function.  Requires link with "--export-dynamic".
1783  *
1784  * TODO: move this into libs/cutils and make it work for all platforms.
1785  */
dvmPrintNativeBackTrace()1786 void dvmPrintNativeBackTrace()
1787 {
1788     size_t MAX_STACK_FRAMES = 64;
1789     void* stackFrames[MAX_STACK_FRAMES];
1790     size_t frameCount = backtrace(stackFrames, MAX_STACK_FRAMES);
1791 
1792     /*
1793      * TODO: in practice, we may find that we should use backtrace_symbols_fd
1794      * to avoid allocation, rather than use our own custom formatting.
1795      */
1796     char** strings = backtrace_symbols(stackFrames, frameCount);
1797     if (strings == NULL) {
1798         ALOGE("backtrace_symbols failed: %s", strerror(errno));
1799         return;
1800     }
1801 
1802     size_t i;
1803     for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
1804         ALOGW("#%-2d %s", i, strings[i]);
1805     }
1806     free(strings);
1807 }
1808 #else
dvmPrintNativeBackTrace()1809 void dvmPrintNativeBackTrace() {
1810     /* Hopefully, you're on an Android device and debuggerd will do this. */
1811 }
1812 #endif
1813 
1814 /*
1815  * Abort the VM.  We get here on fatal errors.  Try very hard not to use
1816  * this; whenever possible, return an error to somebody responsible.
1817  */
dvmAbort()1818 void dvmAbort()
1819 {
1820     /*
1821      * Leave gDvm.lastMessage on the stack frame which can be decoded in the
1822      * tombstone file. This is for situations where we only have tombstone files
1823      * but no logs (ie b/5372634).
1824      *
1825      * For example, in the tombstone file you usually see this:
1826      *
1827      *   #00  pc 00050ef2  /system/lib/libdvm.so (dvmAbort)
1828      *   #01  pc 00077670  /system/lib/libdvm.so (_Z15dvmClassStartupv)
1829      *     :
1830      *
1831      * stack:
1832      *     :
1833      * #00 beed2658  00000000
1834      *     beed265c  7379732f
1835      *     beed2660  2f6d6574
1836      *     beed2664  6d617266
1837      *     beed2668  726f7765
1838      *     beed266c  6f632f6b
1839      *     beed2670  6a2e6572
1840      *     beed2674  00007261
1841      *     beed2678  00000000
1842      *
1843      * The ascii values between beed265c and beed2674 belongs to messageBuffer
1844      * and it can be decoded as "/system/framework/core.jar".
1845      */
1846     const int messageLength = 512;
1847     char messageBuffer[messageLength] = {0};
1848     int result = 0;
1849 
1850     snprintf(messageBuffer, messageLength, "%s", gDvm.lastMessage);
1851 
1852     /* So that messageBuffer[] looks like useful stuff to the compiler */
1853     for (int i = 0; i < messageLength && messageBuffer[i]; i++) {
1854         result += messageBuffer[i];
1855     }
1856 
1857     ALOGE("VM aborting");
1858 
1859     fflush(NULL);       // flush all open file buffers
1860 
1861     /* JNI-supplied abort hook gets right of first refusal */
1862     if (gDvm.abortHook != NULL)
1863         (*gDvm.abortHook)();
1864 
1865     /*
1866      * On the device, debuggerd will give us a stack trace.
1867      * On the host, we have to help ourselves.
1868      */
1869     dvmPrintNativeBackTrace();
1870 
1871     /*
1872      * If we call abort(), all threads in the process receives a SIBABRT.
1873      * debuggerd dumps the stack trace of the main thread, whether or not
1874      * that was the thread that failed.
1875      *
1876      * By stuffing a value into a bogus address, we cause a segmentation
1877      * fault in the current thread, and get a useful log from debuggerd.
1878      * We can also trivially tell the difference between a VM crash and
1879      * a deliberate abort by looking at the fault address.
1880      */
1881     *((char*)0xdeadd00d) = result;
1882     abort();
1883 
1884     /* notreached */
1885 }
1886