1page.title=Using the Android Emulator 2parent.title=Managing Virtual Devices 3parent.link=index.html 4@jd:body 5 6<div id="qv-wrapper"> 7<div id="qv"> 8 9 <h2>In this document</h2> 10 <ol> 11 <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li> 12 <li><a href="#avds">Android Virtual Devices and the Emulator</a></li> 13 <li><a href="#starting">Starting and Stopping the Emulator</a></li> 14 <li><a href="#apps">Installing Applications on the Emulator</a></li> 15 <li><a href="#acceleration">Using Hardware Acceleration</a> 16 <ol> 17 <li><a href="#accel-graphics">Configuring Graphics Acceleration</a></li> 18 <li><a href="#accel-vm">Configuring Virtual Machine Acceleration</a></li> 19 </ol> 20 </li> 21 <li><a href="#sdcard">SD Card Emulation</a> 22 <ol> 23 <li><a href="#sdcard-creating">Creating an SD card image</a></li> 24 <li><a href="#sdcard-files">Copying files to an SD card image</a></li> 25 <li><a href="#sdcard-loading">Loading an SD card image</a></li> 26 </ol> 27 </li> 28 <li><a href="#diskimages">Working with Emulator Disk Images</a> 29 <ol> 30 <li><a href="#defaultimages">Default image files</a></li> 31 <li><a href="#runtimeimages">Runtime images: user data and SD card</a></li> 32 <li><a href="#temporaryimages">Temporary images</a></li> 33 </ol> 34 </li> 35 <li><a href="#emulatornetworking">Emulator Networking</a> 36 <ol> 37 <li><a href="#networkaddresses">Network Address Space</a></li> 38 <li><a href="#networkinglimitations">Local Networking Limitations</a></li> 39 <li><a href="#redirection">Using Network Redirection</a></li> 40 <li><a href="#dns">Configuring the Emulator's DNS Settings</a></li> 41 <li><a href="#proxy">Using the Emulator with a Proxy</a></li> 42 <li><a href="#connecting">Interconnecting Emulator Instances</a></li> 43 <li><a href="#calling">Sending a Voice Call or SMS to Another Emulator Instance</a></li> 44 </ol> 45 </li> 46 <li><a href="#console">Using the Emulator Console</a> 47 <ol> 48 <li><a href="#portredirection">Port Redirection</a></li> 49 <li><a href="#geo">Geo Location Provider Emulation</a></li> 50 <li><a href="#events">Hardware Events Emulation</a></li> 51 <li><a href="#power">Device Power Characteristics</a></li> 52 <li><a href="#netstatus">Network Status</a></li> 53 <li><a href="#netdelay">Network Delay Emulation</a></li> 54 <li><a href="#netspeed">Network Speed Emulation</a></li> 55 <li><a href="#telephony">Telephony Emulation</a></li> 56 <li><a href="#sms">SMS Emulation</a></li> 57 <li><a href="#vm">VM State</a></li> 58 <li><a href="#window">Emulator Window</a></li> 59 <li><a href="#terminating">Terminating an Emulator Instance</a></li> 60 </ol> 61 </li> 62 <li><a href="#limitations">Emulator Limitations</a></li> 63 <li><a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting Emulator Problems</a></li> 64 </ol> 65 66 <h2>See also</h2> 67 <ol> 68 <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/emulator.html">Android Emulator</a></li> 69 <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">Managing AVDs with AVD Manager</a></li> 70 </ol> 71</div> 72</div> 73 74<p>The Android SDK includes a virtual mobile device emulator 75that runs on your computer. The emulator lets you prototype, develop and test 76Android applications without using a physical device. </p> 77 78<p>The Android emulator mimics all of the hardware and software features 79of a typical mobile device, except that it cannot place actual phone 80calls. It provides a variety of navigation and control keys, which you can "press" 81using your mouse or keyboard to generate events for your application. It also 82provides a screen in which your application is displayed, together with any other 83active Android applications. </p> 84 85<img src="{@docRoot}images/emulator-wvga800l.png" width="367" height="349" /> 86 87<p>To let you model and test your application more easily, the emulator utilizes 88Android Virtual Device (AVD) configurations. AVDs let you define certain hardware 89aspects of your emulated phone and allow you to create many configurations to test 90many Android platforms and hardware permutations. Once your application is running on 91the emulator, it can use the services of the Android platform to invoke other 92applications, access the network, play audio and video, store and retrieve data, 93notify the user, and render graphical transitions and themes. </p> 94 95<p>The emulator also includes a variety of debug capabilities, such as a console 96from which you can log kernel output, simulate application interrupts (such as 97arriving SMS messages or phone calls), and simulate latency effects and dropouts 98on the data network.</p> 99 100 101 102<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> 103 104<p>The Android emulator is an application that provides a virtual 105mobile device on which you can run your Android applications. It runs a full 106Android system stack, down to the kernel level, that includes a set of 107preinstalled applications (such as the dialer) that you can access from your 108applications. You can choose what version of the Android system you want to 109run in the emulator by configuring AVDs, and you can also customize the 110mobile device skin and key mappings. When launching the emulator and at runtime, 111you can use a variety of commands and options to control its behavior. 112</p> 113 114<p>The Android system images available through the Android SDK Manager contain 115code for the Android Linux kernel, the native libraries, the Dalvik VM, and the 116various Android packages (such as the Android framework and preinstalled 117applications). The emulator provides dynamic binary translation of device 118machine code to the OS and processor architecture of your development 119machine.</p> 120 121<p>The Android emulator supports many hardware features likely to be found on 122mobile devices, including: </p> 123 124<ul> 125 <li>An ARMv5 CPU and the corresponding memory-management unit (MMU)</li> 126 <li>A 16-bit LCD display</li> 127 <li>One or more keyboards (a Qwerty-based keyboard and associated Dpad/Phone 128buttons)</li> 129 <li>A sound chip with output and input capabilities</li> 130 <li>Flash memory partitions (emulated through disk image files on the 131development machine)</li> 132 <li>A GSM modem, including a simulated SIM Card</li> 133 <li>A camera, using a webcam connected to your development computer.</li> 134 <li>Sensors like an accelerometer, using data from a USB-connected Android device.</li> 135</ul> 136 137<p>The following sections describe the emulator and its use for development of Android 138applications in more detail.</p> 139 140 141<h2 id="avds">Android Virtual Devices and the Emulator</h2> 142 143<p>To use the emulator, you first must create one or more AVD configurations. In each 144configuration, you specify an Android platform to run in the emulator and the set of hardware 145options and emulator skin you want to use. Then, when you launch the emulator, you specify 146the AVD configuration that you want to load. </p> 147 148<p>Each AVD functions as an independent device, with its own private storage for 149user data, SD card, and so on. When you launch the emulator with an AVD configuration, 150it automatically loads the user data and SD card data from the AVD directory. By default, 151the emulator stores the user data, SD card data, and cache in the AVD directory.</p> 152 153<p>To create and manage AVDs you use the AVD Manager UI or the <code>android</code> tool 154that is included in the SDK. 155For complete information about how to set up AVDs, see <a 156href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/index.html">Managing Virtual Devices</a>.</p> 157 158 159<h2 id="starting">Starting and Stopping the Emulator</h2> 160 161<p>During development and testing of your application, you install and run your 162application in the Android emulator. You can launch the emulator as a standalone 163application from a command line, or you can run it from within your Eclipse 164development environment. In either case, you specify the AVD configuration to 165load and any startup options you want to use, as described in this document. 166</p> 167 168<p>You can run your application on a single instance of the emulator or, 169depending on your needs, you can start multiple emulator instances and run your 170application in more than one emulated device. You can use the emulator's 171built-in commands to simulate GSM phone calling or SMS between emulator 172instances, and you can set up network redirection that allows emulators to send 173data to one another. For more information, see <a href="#telephony">Telephony 174Emulation</a>, <a href="#sms">SMS Emulation</a>, and 175<a href="#emulatornetworking">Emulator Networking</a></p> 176 177<p>To start an instance of the emulator from the command line, navigate to the 178<code>tools/</code> folder of the SDK. Enter <code>emulator</code> command 179like this: </p> 180 181<pre>emulator -avd <avd_name> [<options>]</pre> 182 183<p>This initializes the emulator, loads an AVD configuration and displays the emulator 184window. For more information about command line options for the emulator, see the 185<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/emulator.html">Android Emulator</a> tool reference.</p> 186 187<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You can run multiple 188instances of the emulator concurrently, each with its own AVD configuration and 189storage area for user data, SD card, and so on.</p> 190 191<p>If you are working in Eclipse, the ADT plugin for Eclipse installs your 192application and starts the emulator automatically, when you run or debug 193the application. You can specify emulator startup options in the Run/Debug 194dialog, in the Target tab. When the emulator is running, you can issue 195console commands as described later in this document.</p> 196 197<p>If you are not working in Eclipse, see <a href="#apps">Installing Applications 198on the Emulator</a> for information about how to install your application.</p> 199 200<p>To stop an emulator instance, just close the emulator's window.</p> 201 202<p>For a reference of the emulator's startup commands and keyboard mapping, see 203the <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/emulator.html">Android Emulator</a> tool 204reference.</p> 205 206 207<h2 id="apps">Installing Applications on the Emulator</h2> 208 209<p>If you don't have access to Eclipse or the ADT Plugin, you can install your application on the 210emulator using the <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html#move">adb</a> utility. Before 211installing the application, you need to build and package it into an <code>.apk</code> as described 212in <a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/index.html">Building and 213Running Apps</a>. Once the application is installed, you can start the emulator from the command 214line as described previously, using any startup options necessary. 215When the emulator is running, you can also connect to the emulator instance's 216<a href="#console">console</a> to issue commands as needed.</p> 217 218<p>As you update your code, you periodically package and install it on the emulator. 219The emulator preserves the application and its state data across restarts, 220in a user-data disk partition. To ensure that the application runs properly 221as you update it, you may need to delete the emulator's user-data partition. 222To do so, start the emulator with the <code>-wipe-data</code> option. 223For more information about the user-data partition and other emulator storage, 224see <a href="#diskimages">Working with Emulator Disk Images</a>.</p> 225 226 227<h2 id="acceleration">Using Hardware Acceleration</h2> 228 229<p>In order to make the Android emulator run faster and be more responsive, you can configure it to 230take advantage of hardware acceleration, using a combination of configuration options, specific 231Android system images and hardware drivers.</p> 232 233 234<h3 id="accel-graphics">Configuring Graphics Acceleration</h3> 235 236<p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> As of SDK Tools Revision 17, the graphics 237acceleration feature for the emulator is experimental; be alert for incompatibilities and 238errors when using this feature. </p> 239 240<p>Graphics acceleration for the emulator takes advantage of your development computer's graphics 241hardware, specifically its graphics processing unit (GPU), to make screen drawing faster. To use 242the graphics acceleration feature, you must have the following versions of the Android development 243tools installed:</p> 244 245<ul> 246 <li>Android SDK Tools, Revision 17 or higher</li> 247 <li>Android SDK Platform API 15, Revision 3 or higher</li> 248</ul> 249 250<p>Use the <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/installing/index.html#AddingComponents">Android SDK 251Manager</a> to install these components:</p> 252 253<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Not all applications are compatible with graphics hardware 254acceleration. In particular, the Browser application and applications using the {@link 255android.webkit.WebView} component are not compatible with graphics acceleration.</p> 256 257<p>To configure an AVD to use graphics acceleration:</p> 258 259<ol> 260 <li>Make sure you have the required SDK components installed (listed above).</li> 261 <li>Start the AVD Manager and create a new AVD with the <strong>Target</strong> value of 262<strong>Android 4.0.3 (API Level 15)</strong>, revision 3 or higher.</li> 263 <li>If you want to have graphics acceleration enabled by default for this AVD, in the 264<strong>Hardware</strong> section, click <strong>New</strong>, select <strong>GPU emulation</strong> 265and set the value to <strong>Yes</strong>. 266 <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You can also enable graphics acceleration when you 267start an emulator using command line options as describe in the next section.</p> 268 </li> 269 <li>Name the AVD instance and select any other configuration options. 270 <p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> Do not select the <strong>Snapshot: Enabled</strong> 271option. Snapshots are not supported for emulators with graphics acceleration enabled.</p> 272 </li> 273 <li>Click <strong>Create AVD</strong> to save the emulator configuration.</li> 274</ol> 275 276<p>If you set <strong>GPU emulation</strong> to <strong>Yes</strong> for your AVD, then graphics 277acceleration is automatically enabled when you run it. If you did not enable <strong>GPU 278emulation</strong> when you created the AVD, you can still enable it at runtime.</p> 279 280<p>To enable graphics acceleration at runtime for an AVD:</p> 281 282<ul> 283 <li>If you are running the emulator from the command line, just include the {@code -gpu on} 284option: 285<pre>emulator -avd <avd_name> -gpu on</pre> 286 <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You must specify an AVD configuration that uses 287Android 4.0.3 (API Level 15, revision 3) or higher system image target. Graphics acceleration is not 288available for earlier system images.</p> 289 </li> 290 <li>If you are running the emulator from Eclipse, run your Android application using an AVD with 291the {@code -gpu on} option enabled: 292 <ol> 293 <li>In Eclipse, click your Android project folder and then select <strong>Run > Run 294Configurations...</strong></li> 295 <li>In the left panel of the <strong>Run Configurations</strong> dialog, select your Android 296project run configuration or create a new configuration.</li> 297 <li>Click the <strong>Target</strong> tab.</li> 298 <li>Select the AVD you created in the previous procedure.</li> 299 <li>In the <strong>Additional Emulator Command Line Options</strong> field, enter:<br> 300 {@code -gpu on}</li> 301 <li>Run your Android project using this run configuration.</li> 302 </ol> 303 </li> 304</ul> 305 306 307<h3 id="accel-vm">Configuring Virtual Machine Acceleration</h2> 308 309<p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> As of SDK Tools Revision 17, the virtual machine 310acceleration feature for the emulator is experimental; be alert for incompatibilities and errors 311when using this feature.</p> 312 313<p>Many modern CPUs provide extensions for running virtual machines (VMs) more efficiently. Taking 314advantage of these extensions with the Android emulator requires some additional configuration of 315your development system, but can significantly improve the execution speed. Before attempting to use 316this type of acceleration, you should first determine if your development system’s CPU supports one 317of the following virtualization extensions technologies:</p> 318 319<ul> 320 <li>Intel Virtualization Technology (VT, VT-x, vmx) extensions</li> 321 <li>AMD Virtualization (AMD-V, SVM) extensions (only supported for Linux)</li> 322</ul> 323 324<p>The specifications from the manufacturer of your CPU should indicate if it supports 325virtualization extensions. If your CPU does not support one of these virtualization technologies, 326then you cannot use virtual machine acceleration.</p> 327 328<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Virtualization extensions are typically enabled through 329your computer's BIOS and are frequently turned off by default. Check the documentation for your 330system's motherboard to find out how to enable virtualization extensions.</p> 331 332<p>Once you have determined that your CPU supports virtualization extensions, make sure you can work 333within these additional requirements of running an emulator inside an accelerated virtual 334machine:</p> 335 336<ul> 337 <li><strong>x86 AVD Only</strong> - You must use an AVD that is uses an x86 system image target. 338AVDs that use ARM-based system images cannot be accelerated using the emulator configurations 339described here.</li> 340 <li><strong>Not Inside a VM</strong> - You cannot run a VM-accelerated emulator inside another 341virtual machine, such as a VirtualBox or VMWare-hosted virtual machine. You must run the emulator 342directly on your system hardware.</li> 343 <li><strong>Other VM Drivers</strong> - If you are running another virtualization technology on 344your system such as VirtualBox or VMWare, you may need to unload the driver for that virtual machine 345hosting software before running an accelerated emulator.</li> 346 <li><strong>OpenGL® Graphics</strong> - Emulation of OpenGL ES graphics may not perform at the 347same level as an actual device.</li> 348</ul> 349 350<p>To use virtual machine acceleration with the emulator, you need the following version of Android 351development tools. Use the <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/installing/index.html#AddingComponents">Android SDK 352Manager</a> to install these components:</p> 353 354<ul> 355 <li>Android SDK Tools, Revision 17 or higher</li> 356 <li>Android x86-based system image</li> 357</ul> 358 359<p>If your development environment meets all of the requirements for running a VM-accelerated 360emulator, you can use the AVD Manager to create an x86-based AVD configuration:</p> 361 362<ol> 363 <li>In the Android SDK Manager, make sure you have an x86-based <strong>System Image</strong> 364 installed for your target Android version. If you do not have an x86 <strong>System 365 Image</strong> installed, select one in the Android SDK Manager and install it. 366 <p class="note"><strong>Tip:</strong> System images are listed under each API Level in the SDK 367 Manager. An x86 system image may not be available for all API levels.</p> 368 </li> 369 <li>Start the AVD Manager and create a new AVD with an x86 value for the 370<strong>CPU/ABI</strong> field. You may need to select a specific <strong>Target</strong> value, or 371select a <strong>Target</strong> value and then select a specific <strong>CPU/ABI</strong> 372option.</li> 373 <li>Name the emulator instance and select any other configuration options.</li> 374 <li>Click <strong>Create AVD</strong> to save the emulator configuration.</li> 375</ol> 376 377<h4 id="vm-windows">Configuring VM Acceleration on Windows</h4> 378 379<p>Virtual machine acceleration for Windows requires the installation of the Intel Hardware 380Accelerated Execution Manager (Intel HAXM). The software requires an Intel CPU with 381Virtualization Technology (VT) support and one of the following operating systems:</p> 382 383<ul> 384 <li>Windows 7 (32/64-bit)</li> 385 <li>Windows Vista (32/64-bit)</li> 386 <li>Windows XP (32-bit only)</li> 387</ul> 388 389<p>To install the virtualization driver:</p> 390 391<ol> 392 <li>Start the Android SDK Manager, select <strong>Extras</strong> and then select <strong>Intel 393Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager</strong>.</li> 394 <li>After the download completes, execute {@code 395<sdk>/extras/intel/Hardware_Accelerated_Execution_Manager/IntelHAXM.exe}.</li> 396 <li>Follow the on-screen instructions to complete installation.</li> 397 <li>After installation completes, confirm that the virtualization driver is operating correctly by 398opening a command prompt window and running the following command: 399 <pre>sc query intelhaxm</pre> 400 <p>You should see a status message including the following information:</p> 401<pre> 402SERVICE_NAME: intelhaxm 403 ... 404 STATE : 4 RUNNING 405 ... 406</pre> 407 </li> 408</ol> 409 410<p>To run an x86-based emulator with VM acceleration:</p> 411<ul> 412 <li>If you are running the emulator from the command line, just specify an x86-based AVD: 413<pre>emulator -avd <avd_name></pre> 414 <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You must provide an x86-based AVD configuration 415name, otherwise VM acceleration will not be enabled.</p> 416 </li> 417 <li>If you are running the emulator from Eclipse, run your Android application with an x86-based 418AVD: 419 <ol> 420 <li>In Eclipse, click your Android project folder and then select <strong>Run > Run 421Configurations...</strong></li> 422 <li>In the left panel of the <strong>Run Configurations</strong> dialog, select your Android 423project run configuration or create a new configuration.</li> 424 <li>Click the <strong>Target</strong> tab.</li> 425 <li>Select the x86-based AVD you created previously.</li> 426 <li>Run your Android project using this run configuration.</li> 427 </ol> 428 </li> 429</ul> 430 431<p>You can adjust the amount of memory available to the Intel HAXM kernel extension by re-running 432its installer.</p> 433 434<p>You can stop using the virtualization driver by uninstalling it. Re-run the installer or use 435the Control Panel to remove the software.</p> 436 437 438<h4 id="vm-mac">Configuring VM Acceleration on Mac</h4> 439 440<p>Virtual machine acceleration on a Mac requires the installation of the Intel Hardware Accelerated 441Execution Manager (Intel HAXM) kernel extension to allow the Android emulator to make use of CPU 442virtualization extensions. The kernel extension is compatible with Mac OS X Snow Leopard (version 44310.6.0) and higher.</p> 444 445<p>To install the Intel HAXM kernel extension:</p> 446 447<ol> 448 <li>Start the Android SDK Manager, select <strong>Extras</strong> and then select <strong>Intel 449Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager</strong>. 450 <li>After the download completes, execute 451 {@code <sdk>/extras/intel/Hardware_Accelerated_Execution_Manager/IntelHAXM.dmg}.</li> 452 <li>Double click the <strong>IntelHAXM.mpkg</strong> icon to begin installation.</li> 453 <li>Follow the on-screen instructions to complete installation.</li> 454 <li>After installation completes, confirm that the new kernel extension is operating correctly by 455opening a terminal window and running the following command: 456 <pre>kextstat | grep intel</pre> 457 <p>You should see a status message containing the following extension name, indicating that the 458 kernel extension is loaded:</p> 459 <pre>com.intel.kext.intelhaxm</pre> 460 </li> 461</ol> 462 463<p>To run an x86-based emulator with VM acceleration:</p> 464<ul> 465 <li>If you are running the emulator from the command line, just specify an x86-based AVD: 466<pre>emulator -avd <avd_name></pre> 467 <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You must provide an x86-based AVD configuration 468name, otherwise VM acceleration will not be enabled.</p> 469 </li> 470 <li>If you are running the emulator from Eclipse, run your Android application with an x86-based 471AVD: 472 <ol> 473 <li>In Eclipse, click your Android project folder and then select <strong>Run > Run 474Configurations...</strong></li> 475 <li>In the left panel of the <strong>Run Configurations</strong> dialog, select your Android 476project run configuration or create a new configuration.</li> 477 <li>Click the <strong>Target</strong> tab.</li> 478 <li>Select the x86-based AVD you created previously.</li> 479 <li>Run your Android project using this run configuration.</li> 480 </ol> 481 </li> 482</ul> 483 484<p>You can adjust the amount of memory available to the Intel HAXM kernel extension by re-running 485the installer.</p> 486 487<p>You can stop using the virtualization kernel driver by uninstalling it. Before removing it, shut 488down any running x86 emulators. To unload the virtualization kernel driver, run the following 489command in a terminal window:</p> 490 491<pre>sudo /System/Library/Extensions/intelhaxm.kext/Contents/Resources/uninstall.sh</pre> 492 493<h4 id="vm-linux">Configuring VM Acceleration on Linux</h4> 494 495<p>Linux-based systems support virtual machine acceleration through the KVM software package. Follow 496<a href="https://www.google.com/?q=kvm+installation">instructions for installing KVM</a> on your 497Linux system, and verify that KVM is enabled. In addition to following the installation 498instructions, be aware of these configuration requirements:</p> 499 500<ul> 501 <li>Running KVM requires specific user permissions, make sure you have sufficient permissions 502according to the KVM installation instructions.</li> 503 <li>If you use another virtualization technology in your Linux platform, unload its kernel driver 504before running the x86 emulator. For example, the VirtualBox driver program is {@code vboxdrv}.</li> 505</ul> 506 507<p>To run an x86-based emulator with VM acceleration:</p> 508 509<ul> 510 <li>If you are running the emulator from the command line, start the emulator with an x86-based 511AVD and include the KVM options: 512<pre>emulator -avd <avd_name> -qemu -m 512 -enable-kvm</pre> 513 <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You must provide an x86-based AVD configuration 514name, otherwise VM acceleration will not be enabled.</p> 515 </li> 516 <li>If you are running the emulator from Eclipse, run your Android application with an x86-based 517AVD and include the KVM options: 518 <ol> 519 <li>In Eclipse, click your Android project folder and then select <strong>Run > Run 520Configurations...</strong></li> 521 <li>In the left panel of the <strong>Run Configurations</strong> dialog, select your Android 522project run configuration or create a new configuration.</li> 523 <li>Click the <strong>Target</strong> tab.</li> 524 <li>Select the x86-based AVD you created previously.</li> 525 <li>In the <strong>Additional Emulator Command Line Options</strong> field, enter: 526 <pre>-qemu -m 512 -enable-kvm</pre> 527 </li> 528 <li>Run your Android project using this run configuration.</li> 529 </ol> 530 </li> 531</ul> 532 533<p class="note"><strong>Important:</strong> When using the {@code -qemu} command line option, make sure 534it is the last parameter in your command. All subsequent options are interpreted as qemu-specific 535parameters.</p> 536 537 538<h2 id="sdcard">SD Card Emulation</h2> 539 540<p>You can create a disk image and then load it to the emulator at startup, to 541simulate the presence of a user's SD card in the device. To do this, you can specify 542an SD card image when you create an AVD, or you can use the mksdcard utility included 543in the SDK.</p> 544 545<p>The following sections describe how to create an SD card disk image, how to copy 546files to it, and how to load it in the emulator at startup. </p> 547 548<p>Note that you can only load a disk image at emulator startup. Similarly, you 549can not remove a simulated SD card from a running emulator. However, you can 550browse, send files to, and copy/remove files from a simulated SD card either 551with adb or the emulator. </p> 552 553<p>The emulator supports emulated SDHC cards, so you can create an SD card image 554of any size up to 128 gigabytes.</p> 555 556 557<h3 id="sdcard-creating">Creating an SD card image</h3> 558 559<p>There are several ways of creating an SD card image. The easiest way is to use the 560<strong>AVD Manager</strong> to create a new SD card by specifying a size when you create an AVD. 561You can also use the {@code android} command line tool when creating an AVD. Just add the 562<code>-c</code> option to your command: </p> 563 564<pre>android create avd -n <avd_name> -t <targetID> -c <size>[K|M]</pre> 565 566<p>The <code>-c</code> option can also be used to to specify a path to an SD card 567image for the new AVD. For more information, see <a 568href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds-cmdline.html">Managing Virtual Devices 569from the Command Line</a>. 570</p> 571 572<p>You can also use the mksdcard tool, included in the SDK, to create a FAT32 disk 573image that you can load in the emulator at startup. You can access mksdcard in 574the tools/ directory of the SDK and create a disk image like this: </p> 575 576<pre>mksdcard <size> <file></pre> 577 578<p>For example:</p> 579 580<pre>mksdcard 1024M sdcard1.iso</pre> 581 582<p>For more information, see <a 583href="{@docRoot}tools/help/mksdcard.html"><code>mksdcard</code></a>.</p> 584 585 586<h3 id="sdcard-files">Copying files to an SD card image</h3> 587 588<p>Once you have created the disk image, you can copy files to it prior to 589loading it in the emulator. To copy files, you can mount the image as a loop 590device and then copy the files to it, or you can use a utility such as {@code mtools} to 591copy the files directly to the image. The {@code mtools} package is available for Linux, 592Mac, and Windows.</p> 593 594<p>Alternatively, you can use the {@code adb push} command to move files onto an SD card image 595while it is loaded in an emulator. For more information see the <a 596href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html#copyfiles">{@code adb push}</a> documentation.</p> 597 598<h3 id="sdcard-loading">Loading an SD card image</h3> 599 600<p>By default, the emulator loads the SD card image that is stored with the active 601AVD (see the <code>-avd</code> startup option).</p> 602 603<p>Alternatively, you can start the emulator with the 604<code>-sdcard</code> flag and specify the name and path of your image (relative 605to the current working directory): </p> 606 607<pre>emulator -sdcard <filepath></pre> 608 609 610<h2 id="diskimages">Working with Emulator Disk Images</h2> 611 612<p>The emulator uses mountable disk images stored on your development machine to 613simulate flash (or similar) partitions on an actual device. For example, it uses a 614disk image containing an emulator-specific kernel, the Android system, a 615ramdisk image, and writeable images for user data and simulated SD card.</p> 616 617<p>To run properly, the emulator requires access to a specific set of disk image 618files. By default, the Emulator always looks for the disk images in the 619private storage area of the AVD in use. If no images exist there when 620the Emulator is launched, it creates the images in the AVD directory based on 621default versions stored in the SDK. </p> 622 623<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The default storage location for 624AVDs is in <code>~/.android/avd</code> on OS X and Linux, <code>C:\Documents and 625Settings\<user>\.android\</code> on Windows XP, and 626<code>C:\Users\<user>\.android\</code> 627on Windows Vista.</p> 628 629<p>To let you use alternate or custom versions of the image files, the emulator 630provides startup options that override the default locations and filenames of 631the image files. When you use one of these options, the emulator searches for the image 632file under the image name or location that you specify; if it can not locate the 633image, it reverts to using the default names and location.</p> 634 635<p>The emulator uses three types of image files: default image files, runtime 636image files, and temporary image files. The sections below describe how to 637override the location/name of each type of file. </p> 638 639<h3 id="defaultimages">Default image files</h3> 640 641<p>When the emulator launches, but does not find an existing user data image in 642the active AVD's storage area, it creates a new one from a default version 643included in the SDK. The default user data image is read-only. The image 644files are read-only.</p> 645 646<p>The emulator provides the <code>-system <dir></code> startup option to 647let you override the location where the emulator looks for the default 648user data image. </p> 649 650<p>The emulator also provides a startup option that lets you override the name 651of the default user data image, as described in the following table. When you use the 652option, the emulator looks in the default directory, or in a custom location 653(if you specified <code>-system <dir></code>). </p> 654 655 656<table> 657<tr> 658 <th width="10%" >Name</th> 659 <th width="30%" >Description</th> 660 <th width="40%" >Comments</th> 661</tr> 662 663<!-- 664<tr> 665 <td><code>kernel-qemu.img</code></td> 666 <td>The emulator-specific Linux kernel image</td> 667 <td>Override using <code>-kernel <file></code></td> 668</tr> 669 670<tr> 671 <td><code>ramdisk.img</code></td> 672 <td>The ramdisk image used to boot the system.</td> 673 <td>Override using <code>-ramdisk <file></code></td> 674</tr> 675 676<tr> 677 <td><code>system.img</code></td> 678 <td>The <em>initial</em> Android system image.</td> 679 <td>Override using <code>-image <file></code></td> 680</tr> 681--> 682<tr> 683 <td><code>userdata.img</code></td> 684 <td>The <em>initial</em> user-data disk image</td> 685 <td>Override using <code>-initdata <file></code>. Also see 686<code>-data <file></code>, below.</td> 687</tr> 688 689</table> 690 691<h3 id="runtimeimages">Runtime images: user data and SD card</h3> 692 693<p>At runtime, the emulator reads and writes data to two disk images: a 694user-data image and (optionally) an SD card image. These images emulate the user-data 695partition and removable storage media on actual device. </p> 696 697<p>The emulator provides a default user-data disk image. At startup, the emulator 698creates the default image as a copy of the system user-data image (user-data.img), 699described above. The emulator stores the new image with the files of the active AVD.</p> 700 701<!-- 702<p>The emulator provides a startup option, <code>-datadir <dir></code>, 703that you can use to override the location under which the emulator looks for the runtime 704image files. </p> 705--> 706 707<p>The emulator provides startup options to let you override the actual names and storage 708locations of the runtime images to load, as described in the following table. When you use one 709of these options, the emulator looks for the specified file(s) in the current working directory, 710in the AVD directory, or in a custom location (if you specified a path with the filename). </p> 711 712<table> 713<tr> 714 <th width="10%" >Name</th> 715 <th width="30%" >Description</th> 716 <th width="40%" >Comments</th> 717</tr> 718<tr> 719 <td><code>userdata-qemu.img</code></td> 720 <td>An image to which the emulator writes runtime user-data for a unique user.</td> 721 <td>Override using <code>-data <filepath></code>, where <code><filepath></code> is the 722path the image, relative to the current working directory. If you supply a filename only, 723the emulator looks for the file in the current working directory. If the file at <code><filepath></code> does 724not exist, the emulator creates an image from the default userdata.img, stores it under the name you 725specified, and persists user data to it at shutdown. </td> 726</tr> 727 728<tr> 729 <td><code>sdcard.img</code></td> 730 <td>An image representing an SD card inserted into the emulated device.</td> 731 <td>Override using <code>-sdcard <filepath></code>, where <code><filepath></code> is the 732path the image, relative to the current working directory. If you supply a filename only, 733the emulator looks for the file in the current working directory. </td> 734</tr> 735 736</table> 737 738<h4>User-Data Image</h4> 739 740<p>Each emulator instance uses a writeable user-data image to store user- and 741session-specific data. For example, it uses the image to store a unique user's 742installed application data, settings, databases, and files. </p> 743 744<p>At startup, the emulator attempts to load a user-data image stored during 745a previous session. It looks for the file in the current working directory, 746in the AVD directory described in a previous section and at the custom location/name 747that you specified at startup. </p> 748 749<ul> 750<li>If it finds a user-data image, it mounts the image and makes it available 751to the system for reading and writing of user data. </li> 752<li>If it does not find one, it creates an image by copying the system user-data 753image (userdata.img), described above. At device power-off, the system persists 754the user data to the image, so that it will be available in the next session. 755Note that the emulator stores the new disk image at the location/name that you 756specify in <code>-data</code> startup option.</li> 757</ul> 758 759<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Because of the AVD configurations used in the emulator, 760each emulator instance gets its own dedicated storage. There is no longer a need 761to use the <code>-d</code> option to specify an instance-specific storage area.</p> 762 763<h4>SD Card</h4> 764 765<P>Optionally, you can create a writeable disk image that the emulator can use 766to simulate removeable storage in an actual device. For information about how to create an 767emulated SD card and load it in the emulator, see <a href="#sdcard">SD Card Emulation</a></p> 768 769<p>You can also use the android tool to automatically create an SD Card image 770for you, when creating an AVD. For more information, see <a 771href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/managing-avds.html">Managing Virtual Devices with AVD 772Manager</a>. 773 774 775<h3 id="temporaryimages">Temporary Images</h3> 776 777<p>The emulator creates two writeable images at startup that it deletes at 778device power-off. The images are: </p> 779 780<ul> 781 <li>A writable copy of the Android system image</li> 782 <li>The <code>/cache</code> partition image</li> 783</ul> 784 785<p>The emulator does not permit renaming the temporary system image or 786persisting it at device power-off. </p> 787 788<p>The <code>/cache</code> partition image is initially empty, and is used by 789the browser to cache downloaded web pages and images. The emulator provides an 790<code>-cache <file></code>, which specifies the name of the file in which 791to persist the <code>/cache</code> image at device power-off. If <code><file> 792</code> does not exist, the emulator creates it as an empty file. </p> 793 794<p>You can also disable the use of the cache partition by specifying the 795<code>-nocache</code> option at startup. </p> 796 797 798<h2 id="emulatornetworking">Emulator Networking</h2> 799 800<p>The emulator provides versatile networking capabilities that you can use to 801set up complex modeling and testing environments for your application. The 802sections below introduce the emulator's network architecture and capabilities. 803</p> 804 805<h3 id="networkaddresses">Network Address Space</h3> 806 807<p>Each instance of the emulator runs behind a virtual router/firewall service 808that isolates it from your development machine's network interfaces and settings 809and from the internet. An emulated device can not see your development machine 810or other emulator instances on the network. Instead, it sees only that it is 811connected through Ethernet to a router/firewall.</p> 812 813<p>The virtual router for each instance manages the 10.0.2/24 network address 814space — all addresses managed by the router are in the form of 81510.0.2.<xx>, where <xx> is a number. Addresses within this space are 816pre-allocated by the emulator/router as follows:</p> 817 818<table> 819 <tr> 820 <th>Network Address</th> 821 <th>Description</th> 822 </tr> 823 <tr> 824 <td>10.0.2.1</td> 825 <td>Router/gateway address </td> 826 </tr> 827 <tr> 828 <td>10.0.2.2</td> 829 <td>Special alias to your host loopback interface (i.e., 127.0.0.1 on your 830development machine)</td> 831 </tr> 832 <tr> 833 <td>10.0.2.3</td> 834 <td>First DNS server</td> 835 </tr> 836 <tr> 837 <td>10.0.2.4 / 10.0.2.5 / 10.0.2.6</td> 838 <td>Optional second, third and fourth DNS server (if any) </td> 839 </tr> 840 <tr> 841 <td>10.0.2.15</td> 842 <td>The emulated device's own network/ethernet interface</td> 843 </tr> 844 <tr> 845 <td>127.0.0.1</td> 846 <td>The emulated device's own loopback interface </td> 847 </tr> 848</table> 849 850<p>Note that the same address assignments are used by all running emulator 851instances. That means that if you have two instances running concurrently on 852your machine, each will have its own router and, behind that, each will have an 853IP address of 10.0.2.15. The instances are isolated by a router and can 854<em>not</em> see each other on the same network. For information about how to 855let emulator instances communicate over TCP/UDP, see <a 856href="#connecting">Connecting Emulator Instances</a>.</p> 857 858<p>Also note that the address 127.0.0.1 on your development machine corresponds 859to the emulator's own loopback interface. If you want to access services running 860on your development machine's loopback interface (a.k.a. 127.0.0.1 on your 861machine), you should use the special address 10.0.2.2 instead.</p> 862 863<p>Finally, note that each emulated device's pre-allocated addresses are 864specific to the Android emulator and will probably be very different on real 865devices (which are also very likely to be NAT-ed, i.e., behind a 866router/firewall)</p> 867 868 869<h3 id="networkinglimitations">Local Networking Limitations</h3> 870 871<p>Android applications running in an emulator can connect to the network available on your 872workstation. However, they connect through the emulator, not directly to hardware, and the emulator 873acts like a normal application on your workstation. This means that the emulator, and thus your 874Android applications, are subject to some limitations:</p> 875 876<ul> 877 <li>Communication with the emulated device may be blocked by a firewall 878program running on your machine.</li> 879 <li>Communication with the emulated device may be blocked by another 880(physical) firewall/router to which your machine is connected.</li> 881</ul> 882 883<p>The emulator's virtual router should be able to handle all outbound TCP and 884UDP connections/messages on behalf of the emulated device, provided your 885development machine's network environment allows it to do so. There are no 886built-in limitations on port numbers or ranges except the one imposed by your 887host operating system and network.</p> 888 889<p>Depending on the environment, the emulator may not be able to support other 890protocols (such as ICMP, used for "ping") might not be supported. Currently, the 891emulator does not support IGMP or multicast. </p> 892 893<h3 id="redirection">Using Network Redirection</h3> 894 895<p>To communicate with an emulator instance behind its virtual router, you need 896to set up network redirection on the virtual router. Clients can then connect 897to a specified guest port on the router, while the router directs traffic 898to/from that port to the emulated device's host port. </p> 899 900<p>To set up the network redirection, you create a mapping of host and guest 901ports/addresses on the the emulator instance. There are two ways to set up 902network redirection: using emulator console commands and using the ADB tool, as 903described below. </p> 904 905 906<h4 id="consoleredir">Setting up Redirection through the Emulator Console</h4> 907 908<p>Each emulator instance provides a control console the you can connect to, to 909issue commands that are specific to that instance. You can use the 910<code>redir</code> console command to set up redirection as needed for an 911emulator instance. </p> 912 913<p>First, determine the console port number for the target emulator instance. 914For example, the console port number for the first emulator instance launched is 9155554. Next, connect to the console of the target emulator instance, specifying 916its console port number, as follows: </p> 917 918<pre><code>telnet localhost 5554</code></pre> 919 920<p>Once connected, use the <code>redir</code> command to work with redirection. 921To add a redirection, use:</p> 922 923<pre><code>add <protocol>:<host-port>:<guest-port></code> 924</pre> 925 926<p>where <code><protocol></code> is either <code>tcp</code> or <code>udp</code>, 927and <code><host-port></code> and <code><guest-port></code> sets the 928mapping between your own machine and the emulated system, respectively. </p> 929 930<p>For example, the following command sets up a redirection that handles all 931incoming TCP connections to your host (development) machine on 127.0.0.1:5000 932and will pass them through to the emulated system's 10.0.2.15:6000.:</p> 933 934<pre>redir add tcp:5000:6000</pre> 935 936<p>To delete a redirection, you can use the <code>redir del</code> command. To 937list all redirection for a specific instance, you can use <code>redir 938list</code>. For more information about these and other console commands, see 939<a href="#console">Using the Emulator Console</a>. </p> 940 941<p>Note that port numbers are restricted by your local environment. this typically 942means that you cannot use host port numbers under 1024 without special 943administrator privileges. Also, you won't be able to set up a redirection for a 944host port that is already in use by another process on your machine. In that 945case, <code>redir</code> generates an error message to that effect. </p> 946 947<h4 id="adbredir">Setting Up Redirection through ADB</h4> 948 949<p>The Android Debug Bridge (ADB) tool provides port forwarding, an alternate 950way for you to set up network redirection. For more information, see <a 951href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html#forwardports">Forwarding Ports</a> in the ADB 952documentation.</p> 953 954<p>Note that ADB does not currently offer any way to remove a redirection, 955except by killing the ADB server.</p> 956 957 958<h3 id="dns">Configuring the Emulator's DNS Settings</h3> 959 960<p>At startup, the emulator reads the list of DNS servers that your system is 961currently using. It then stores the IP addresses of up to four servers on this 962list and sets up aliases to them on the emulated addresses 10.0.2.3, 10.0.2.4, 96310.0.2.5 and 10.0.2.6 as needed. </p> 964 965<p>On Linux and OS X, the emulator obtains the DNS server addresses by parsing 966the file <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code>. On Windows, the emulator obtains the 967addresses by calling the <code>GetNetworkParams()</code> API. Note that this 968usually means that the emulator ignores the content of your "hosts" file 969(<code>/etc/hosts</code> on Linux/OS X, <code>%WINDOWS%/system32/HOSTS</code> 970 on Windows).</P> 971 972<p>When starting the emulator at the command line, you can also use the 973<code>-dns-server <serverList></code> option to manually specify the 974addresses of DNS servers to use, where <serverList> is a comma-separated 975list of server names or IP addresses. You might find this option useful if you 976encounter DNS resolution problems in the emulated network (for example, an 977"Unknown Host error" message that appears when using the web browser).</p> 978 979 980<h3 id="proxy">Using the Emulator with a Proxy</h3> 981 982<p>If your emulator must access the Internet through a proxy server, you can use 983the <code>-http-proxy <proxy></code> option when starting the emulator, to 984set up the appropriate redirection. In this case, you specify proxy information 985in <code><proxy></code> in one of these formats:</p> 986 987<pre>http://<machineName>:<port></pre> 988 989<p>or</p> 990 991<pre>http://<username>:<password>@<machineName>:<port></pre> 992 993<p>The <code>-http-proxy</code> option forces the emulator to use the specified 994HTTP/HTTPS proxy for all outgoing TCP connections. Redirection for UDP is not 995currently supported.</p> 996 997<p>Alternatively, you can define the environment variable 998<code>http_proxy</code> to the value you want to use for 999<code><proxy></code>. In this case, you do not need to specify a value for 1000<code><proxy></code> in the <code>-http-proxy</code> command — the 1001emulator checks the value of the <code>http_proxy</code> environment variable at 1002startup and uses its value automatically, if defined. </p> 1003 1004<p>You can use the <code>-verbose-proxy</code> option to diagnose proxy 1005connection problems.</p> 1006 1007 1008<h3 id="connecting">Interconnecting Emulator Instances</h3> 1009 1010<p>To allow one emulator instance to communicate with another, you must set up 1011the necessary network redirection as illustrated below. </p> 1012 1013<p>Assume that your environment is</p> 1014 1015<ul> 1016 <li>A is you development machine</li> 1017 <li>B is your first emulator instance, running on A</li> 1018 <li>C is your second emulator instance, also running on A</li> 1019</ul> 1020 1021<p>and you want to run a server on B, to which C will connect, here is how you 1022could set it up: </p> 1023 1024<ol> 1025 <li>Set up the server on B, listening to 1026<code>10.0.2.15:<serverPort></code></li> 1027 <li>On B's console, set up a redirection from 1028<code>A:localhost:<localPort></code> to <code> 1029B:10.0.2.15:<serverPort></code></li> 1030 <li>On C, have the client connect to <code>10.0.2.2:<localPort></code></li> 1031</ol> 1032 1033<p>For example, if you wanted to run an HTTP server, you can select 1034<code><serverPort></code> as 80 and <code><localPort></code> as 10358080:</p> 1036 1037<ul> 1038 <li>B listens on 10.0.2.15:80</li> 1039 <li>On B's console, issue <code>redir add tcp:8080:80</code></li> 1040 <li>C connects to 10.0.2.2:8080</li> 1041</ul> 1042 1043<h3 id="calling">Sending a Voice Call or SMS to Another Emulator Instance</h3> 1044 1045<p>The emulator automatically forwards simulated voice calls and SMS messages from one instance to 1046another. To send a voice call or SMS, use the dialer application or SMS application, respectively, 1047from one of the emulators.</p> 1048 1049<p>To initiate a simulated voice call to another emulator instance:</p> 1050<ol> 1051<li>Launch the dialer application on the originating emulator instance.</li> 1052<li>As the number to dial, enter the console port number of the instance you'd like to call. You can determine 1053 the console port number of the target instance by checking its window title, where the 1054 console port number is reported as "Android Emulator (<port>). </li> 1055<li>Press "Dial". A new inbound call appears in the target emulator instance. </li> 1056</ol> 1057 1058<p>To send an SMS message to another emulator instance, launch the SMS application (if available). Specify the console port number of the target emulator instance as as the SMS address, enter the message text, and send the message. The message is delivered to the target emulator instance. </p> 1059 1060<p>You can also connect to an emulator instance's console to simulate an incoming voice call or SMS. For more information, see <a href="#telephony">Telephony Emulation</a> and <a href="#sms">SMS Emulation</a>. 1061 1062 1063<h2 id="console">Using the Emulator Console</h2> 1064 1065<p>Each running emulator instance provides a console that lets you query and control the emulated 1066device environment. For example, you can use the console to manage port redirection, network 1067characteristics, and telephony events while your application is running on the emulator. To 1068access the console and enter commands, use telnet to connect to the console's port number.</p> 1069 1070<p>To connect to the console of any running emulator instance at any time, use this command: </p> 1071 1072<pre>telnet localhost <console-port></pre> 1073 1074<p>An emulator instance occupies a pair of adjacent ports: a console port and an {@code adb} port. 1075The port numbers differ by 1, with the {@code adb} port having the higher port number. The console 1076of the first emulator instance running on a given machine uses console port 5554 and {@code adb} 1077port 5555. Subsequent instances use port numbers increasing by two — for example, 5556/5557, 10785558/5559, and so on. Up to 16 concurrent emulator instances can run a console facility. </p> 1079 1080<p>To connect to the emulator console, you must specify a valid console port. If multiple emulator instances are running, you need to determine the console port of the emulator instance you want to connect to. You can find the instance's console port listed in the title of the instance window. For example, here's the window title for an instance whose console port is 5554:</p> 1081 1082<p><code>Android Emulator (5554)</code></p> 1083 1084<p>Alternatively, you can use the <code>adb devices</code> command, which prints a list of running emulator instances and their console port numbers. For more information, see <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html#devicestatus">Querying for Emulator/Device Instances</a> in the adb documentation.</p> 1085 1086<p class="note">Note: The emulator listens for connections on ports 5554-5587 and accepts connections only from localhost.</p> 1087 1088<p>Once you are connected to the console, you can then enter <code>help [command]</code> to see a list of console commands and learn about specific commands. </p> 1089 1090<p>To exit the console session, use <code>quit</code> or <code>exit</code>.</p> 1091 1092<p>The following sections below describe the major functional areas of the console.</p> 1093 1094 1095<h3 id="portredirection">Port Redirection</h3> 1096 1097<p>You can use the console to add and remove port redirection while the emulator is running. After 1098you connect to the console, manage port redirection by entering the following command:</p> 1099 1100<pre>redir <list|add|del> </pre> 1101 1102<p>The <code>redir</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1103 1104<table> 1105<tr> 1106 <th width="25%" >Subcommand 1107 <th width="30%" >Description</th> 1108 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1109</tr> 1110 1111 <tr> 1112 <td><code>list</code></td> 1113 <td>List the current port redirection.</td> 1114 <td> </td> 1115 </tr> 1116 1117 1118<tr> 1119 <td><code>add <protocol>:<host-port>:<guest-port></code></td> 1120 <td>Add a new port redirection.</td> 1121<td><ul><li><protocol> must be either "tcp" or "udp"</li> 1122<li><host-port> is the port number to open on the host</li> 1123<li><guest-port> is the port number to route data to on the emulator/device</li> 1124</ul></td> 1125</tr> 1126<tr> 1127 <td><code>del <protocol>:<host-port></code></td> 1128 <td>Delete a port redirection.</td> 1129<td>The meanings of <protocol> and <host-port> are listed in the previous row.</td> 1130</tr> 1131</table> 1132 1133 1134<h3 id="geo">Geo Location Provider Emulation</h3> 1135 1136<p>You can use the console to set the geographic location reported to the applications running 1137inside an emulator. Use the <code>geo</code> command to send a simple GPS fix to the 1138emulator, with or without NMEA 1083 formatting:</p> 1139 1140<pre>geo <fix|nmea></pre> 1141 1142<p>The <code>geo</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below.</p> 1143 1144<table> 1145<tr> 1146 <th width="25%">Subcommand</th> 1147 <th width="30%">Description</th> 1148 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1149</tr> 1150 1151 <tr> 1152 <td><code>fix <longitude> <latitude> [<altitude>]</code></td> 1153 <td>Send a simple GPS fix to the emulator instance.</td> 1154 <td>Specify longitude and latitude in decimal degrees. Specify altitude in meters.</td> 1155 </tr> 1156<tr> 1157 <td><code>nmea <sentence></code></td> 1158 <td>Send an NMEA 0183 sentence to the emulated device, as if it were sent from an emulated GPS modem.</td> 1159<td><code><sentence></code> must begin with '$GP'. Only '$GPGGA' and '$GPRCM' sentences are currently supported.</td> 1160</tr> 1161</table> 1162 1163<p>You can issue the <code>geo</code> command as soon as an emulator instance is running. The 1164emulator sets the location you enter by creating a mock location provider. This provider responds to 1165location listeners set by applications, and also supplies the location to the {@link 1166android.location.LocationManager}. Any application can query the location manager to obtain the 1167current GPS fix for the emulated device by calling: 1168 1169<pre>LocationManager.getLastKnownLocation("gps")</pre> 1170 1171<p>For more information about the Location Manager, see {@link android.location.LocationManager}. 1172</p> 1173 1174<h3 id="events">Hardware Events Emulation</h3> 1175 1176<p>The {@code event} console commands sends hardware events to the emulator. The syntax for this 1177command is as follows:</p> 1178 1179<pre>event <send|types|codes|text></pre> 1180 1181<p>The <code>event</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1182 1183<table> 1184<tr> 1185 <th width="25%" >Subcommand 1186 <th width="30%" >Description</th> 1187 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1188</tr> 1189 1190 <tr> 1191 <td><code>send <type>:<code>:<value> [...]</code></td> 1192 <td>Send one or more events to the Android kernel. </td> 1193 <td>You can use text names or integers for <code><type></code> and <code><value></code>.</td> 1194 </tr> 1195<tr> 1196 <td><code>types</code></td> 1197 <td>List all <code><type></code> string aliases supported by the <code>event</code> subcommands.</td> 1198<td> </td> 1199</tr> 1200<tr> 1201 <td><code>codes <type></code></td> 1202 <td>List all <code><codes></code> string aliases supported by the <code>event</code> 1203 subcommands for the specified <code><type></code>.</td> 1204<td> </td> 1205</tr> 1206<tr> 1207 <td><code>event text <message></code></td> 1208 <td>Simulate keypresses to send the specified string of characters as a message,</td> 1209<td>The message must be a UTF-8 string. Unicode posts will be reverse-mapped according to the current device keyboard. Unsupported characters will be discarded silently.</td> 1210</tr> 1211</table> 1212 1213 1214<h3 id="power">Device Power Characteristics</h3> 1215 1216<p>The {@code power} command controls the power state reported by the emulator to applications. The 1217syntax for this command is as follows: </p> 1218 1219<pre>power <display|ac|status|present|health|capacity></pre> 1220 1221<p>The <code>event</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1222 1223<table> 1224<tr> 1225 <th width="25%" >Subcommand </th> 1226 <th width="30%" >Description</th> 1227 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1228</tr> 1229 1230 <tr> 1231 <td><code>display</code></td> 1232 <td>Display battery and charger state.</td> 1233 <td> </td> 1234 </tr> 1235<tr> 1236 <td><code>ac <on|off></code></td> 1237 <td>Set AC charging state to on or off. </td> 1238<td> </td> 1239</tr> 1240<tr> 1241 <td><code>status <unknown|charging|discharging|not-charging|full></code></td> 1242 <td>Change battery status as specified.</td> 1243<td> </td> 1244</tr> 1245 1246<tr> 1247 <td><code>present <true|false></code></td> 1248 <td>Set battery presence state.</td> 1249<td> </td> 1250</tr> 1251<tr> 1252 <td><code>health <unknown|good|overheat|dead|overvoltage|failure></code></td> 1253 <td>Set battery health state.</td> 1254<td> </td> 1255</tr> 1256<tr> 1257 <td><code>power health <percent></code></td> 1258 <td>Set remaining battery capacity state (0-100).</td> 1259<td> </td> 1260</tr> 1261</table> 1262 1263 1264<h3 id="netstatus">Network Status</h3> 1265 1266<p>You can use the console to check the network status and current delay and speed characteristics. To do so, connect to the console and use the <code>netstatus</code> command. Here's an example of the command and its output. </p> 1267 1268<pre>network status 1269</pre> 1270 1271 1272<h3 id="netdelay">Network Delay Emulation</h3> 1273 1274<p>The emulator lets you simulate various network latency levels, so that you can test your 1275application in an environment more typical of the actual conditions in which it will run. You can 1276set a latency level or range at emulator startup or you can use the console to change the latency, 1277while the application is running in the emulator. </p> 1278 1279<p>To set latency at emulator startup, use the <code>-netdelay</code> emulator option with a 1280supported <code><delay></code> value, as listed in the table below. Here are some 1281examples:</p> 1282 1283<pre>emulator -netdelay gprs 1284emulator -netdelay 40 100</pre> 1285 1286<p>To make changes to network delay while the emulator is running, connect to the console and use 1287the <code>netdelay</code> command with a supported <code><delay></code> value from the table 1288below.</p> 1289 1290<pre>network delay gprs</pre> 1291 1292<p>The format of network <delay> is one of the following (numbers are milliseconds):</p> 1293 1294<table style="clear:right;width:100%;"> 1295<tr> 1296 <th width="30%" >Value</th> 1297 <th width="35%" >Description</th><th width="35%">Comments</th></tr> 1298 1299 <tr><td><code>gprs</code></td><td>GPRS</td> 1300 <td>(min 150, max 550)</td> 1301 </tr> 1302 1303<tr><td><code>edge</code></td><td>EDGE/EGPRS</td> 1304<td>(min 80, max 400)</td> 1305</tr> 1306<tr><td><code>umts</code></td><td>UMTS/3G</td> 1307<td>(min 35, max 200)</td> 1308</tr> 1309<tr><td><code>none</code></td><td>No latency</td><td>(min 0, max 0)</td></tr> 1310<tr><td><code><num></code></td> 1311<td>Emulate an exact latency (milliseconds).</td> 1312<td> </td></tr> 1313<tr><td><code><min>:<max></code></td> 1314<td>Emulate an specified latency range (min, max milliseconds).</td> 1315<td> </td></tr> 1316</table> 1317 1318 1319<h3 id="netspeed">Network Speed Emulation</h3> 1320 1321<p>The emulator also lets you simulate various network transfer rates. 1322You can set a transfer rate or range at emulator startup or you can use the console to change the 1323rate, while the application is running in the emulator.</p> 1324 1325<p>To set the network speed at emulator startup, use the <code>-netspeed</code> emulator option with a supported 1326<code><speed></code> value, as listed in the table below. Here are some examples:</p> 1327 1328<pre>emulator -netspeed gsm 1329emulator -netspeed 14.4 80</pre> 1330 1331<p>To make changes to network speed while the emulator is running, connect to the console and use 1332the <code>netspeed</code> command with a supported <code><speed></code> value from the table 1333below.</p> 1334 1335<pre>network speed 14.4 80</pre> 1336 1337<p>The format of network <code><speed></code> is one of the following (numbers are 1338kilobits/sec):</p> 1339<table style="clear:right;width:100%;"> 1340<tbody> 1341<tr> 1342 <th width="30%">Value</th> 1343 <th width="35%">Description</th><th width="35%">Comments</th></tr> 1344 1345 <tr> 1346 <td><code>gsm</code></td> 1347 <td>GSM/CSD</td><td>(Up: 14.4, down: 14.4)</td></tr> 1348<tr> 1349 <td><code>hscsd</code></td> 1350 <td>HSCSD</td><td>(Up: 14.4, down: 43.2)</td></tr> 1351<tr> 1352 <td><code>gprs</code></td> 1353 <td>GPRS</td><td>(Up: 40.0, down: 80.0)</td></tr> 1354<tr> 1355 <td><code>edge</code></td> 1356 <td>EDGE/EGPRS</td> 1357 <td>(Up: 118.4, down: 236.8)</td> 1358</tr> 1359<tr> 1360 <td><code>umts</code></td> 1361 <td>UMTS/3G</td><td>(Up: 128.0, down: 1920.0)</td></tr> 1362<tr> 1363 <td><code>hsdpa</code></td> 1364 <td>HSDPA</td><td>(Up: 348.0, down: 14400.0)</td></tr> 1365<tr> 1366 <td><code>full</code></td> 1367 <td>no limit</td><td>(Up: 0.0, down: 0.0)</td></tr> 1368<tr> 1369 <td><code><num></code></td> 1370 <td>Set an exact rate used for both upload and download.</td><td></td></tr> 1371<tr> 1372 <td><code><up>:<down></code></td> 1373 <td>Set exact rates for upload and download separately.</td><td></td></tr> 1374</table> 1375 1376 1377<h3 id="telephony">Telephony Emulation</h3> 1378 1379<p>The Android emulator includes its own GSM emulated modem that lets you simulate telephony 1380functions in the emulator. For example, you can simulate inbound phone calls, establish data 1381connections and terminate them. The Android system handles simulated calls exactly as it would 1382actual calls. The emulator does not support call audio.</p> 1383 1384<p>You can use the {@code gsm} command to access the emulator's telephony functions after connecting 1385to the console. The syntax for this command is as follows:</p> 1386 1387<pre>gsm <call|accept|busy|cancel|data|hold|list|voice|status> </pre> 1388 1389<p>The <code>gsm</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1390<table> 1391 <tr> 1392 <th>Subcommand </th> 1393 <th width="25%">Description</th> 1394 <th>Comments</th> 1395 </tr> 1396 <tr> 1397 <td><code>call <phonenumber></code></td> 1398 <td>Simulate an inbound phone call from <phonenumber>.</td> 1399 <td> </td> 1400 </tr> 1401 <tr> 1402 <td><code>accept <phonenumber></code></td> 1403 <td>Accept an inbound call from <phonenumber> and change the call's state "active".</td> 1404 <td>You can change a call's state to "active" only if its current state is "waiting" or "held".</td> 1405 </tr> 1406 <tr> 1407 <td><code>busy <phonenumber></code></td> 1408 <td>Close an outbound call to <phonenumber> and change the call's state to "busy".</td> 1409 <td>You can change a call's state to "busy" only if its current state is "waiting".</td> 1410 </tr> 1411 <tr> 1412 <td><code>cancel <phonenumber></code></td> 1413 <td>Terminate an inbound or outbound phone call to/from <phonenumber>.</td> 1414 <td> </td> 1415 </tr> 1416 <tr> 1417 <td><code>data <state></code></td> 1418 <td>Change the state of the GPRS data connection to <state>.</td> 1419 <td>Supported <state> values are:<br /> 1420 <ul> 1421 <li><code>unregistered</code> -- No network available</li> 1422 <li><code>home</code> -- On local network, non-roaming</li> 1423 <li><code>roaming</code> -- On roaming network</li> 1424 <li><code>searching</code> -- Searching networks</li> 1425 <li><code>denied</code> -- Emergency calls only</li> 1426 <li><code>off</code> -- Same as 'unregistered'</li> 1427 <li><code>on</code> -- same as 'home'</li> 1428 </ul> 1429 </td> 1430 </tr> 1431 <tr> 1432 <td><code>hold</code></td> 1433 <td>Change the state of a call to "held". </td> 1434 <td>You can change a call's state to "held" only if its current state is "active" or "waiting". </td> 1435 </tr> 1436 <tr> 1437 <td><code>list</code></td> 1438 <td>List all inbound and outbound calls and their states.</td> 1439 <td> </td> 1440 </tr> 1441 <tr> 1442 <td><code>voice <state></code></td> 1443 <td>Change the state of the GPRS voice connection to <state>.</td> 1444 <td>Supported <state> values are:<br /> 1445 <ul> 1446 <li><code>unregistered</code> -- No network available</li> 1447 <li><code>home</code> -- On local network, non-roaming</li> 1448 <li><code>roaming</code> -- On roaming network</li> 1449 <li><code>searching</code> -- Searching networks</li> 1450 <li><code>denied</code> -- Emergency calls only</li> 1451 <li><code>off</code> -- Same as 'unregistered'</li> 1452 <li><code>on</code> -- Same as 'home'</li> 1453 </ul> 1454 </td> 1455 </tr> 1456 1457 <tr> 1458 <td><code>status</code></td> 1459 <td>Report the current GSM voice/data state.</td> 1460 <td>Values are those described for the <code>voice</code> and <code>data</code> commands.</td> 1461 </tr> 1462</table> 1463 1464 1465<h3 id="sms">SMS Emulation</h3> 1466 1467<p>The Android emulator console lets you generate an SMS message and direct it to an emulator 1468instance. Once you connect to an emulator instance, you can generate an emulated incoming SMS using 1469the following command:</p> 1470 1471<pre>sms send <senderPhoneNumber> <textmessage></pre> 1472 1473<p>where <code><senderPhoneNumber></code> contains an arbitrary numeric string. </p> 1474 1475<p>The console forwards the SMS message to the Android framework, which passes it through to an application that handles that message type. </p> 1476 1477 1478<h3 id="vm">VM State</h3> 1479 1480<p>You can use the <code>vm</code> command to control the VM on an emulator instance. The syntax for 1481this command is as follows: </p> 1482 1483<pre>vm <start|stop|status></pre> 1484 1485<p>The <code>vm</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1486 1487<table> 1488<tr> 1489 <th width="25%">Subcommand</th> 1490 <th width="30%">Description</th> 1491 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1492</tr> 1493<tr> 1494 <td><code>start</code></td> 1495 <td>Start the VM on the instance. </td> 1496 <td> </td> 1497</tr> 1498<tr> 1499 <td><code>stop</code></td> 1500 <td>Stop the VM on the instance. </td> 1501 <td> </td> 1502</tr> 1503<tr> 1504 <td><code>start</code></td> 1505 <td>Display the current status of the VM (running or stopped). </td> 1506 <td> </td> 1507</tr> 1508</table> 1509 1510 1511<h3 id="window">Emulator Window</h3> 1512 1513<p>You can use the <code>window</code> command to manage the emulator window. The syntax for this 1514command is as follows: </p> 1515 1516<pre>window <scale></pre> 1517 1518<p>The <code>vm</code> command supports the subcommands listed in the table below. </p> 1519 1520<table> 1521<tr> 1522 <th width="25%">Subcommand</th> 1523 <th width="30%">Description</th> 1524 <th width="35%">Comments</th> 1525</tr> 1526<tr> 1527 <td><code>scale <scale></code></td> 1528 <td>Scale the emulator window.</td> 1529 <td>A number between 0.1 and 3 that sets the scaling factor. You can 1530 also specify scale as a DPI value if you add the suffix "dpi" to the scale value. A value of "auto" 1531 tells the emulator to select the best window size.</td> 1532</tr> 1533</table> 1534 1535 1536<h3 id="terminating">Terminating an Emulator Instance</h3> 1537 1538<p>You can terminate an emulator instance through the console, using the <code>kill</code> command.</p> 1539 1540 1541<h2 id="limitations">Emulator Limitations</h2> 1542 1543<p>The functional limitations of the emulator include: </p> 1544<ul> 1545 <li>No support for placing or receiving actual phone calls. You can simulate phone calls (placed 1546 and received) through the emulator console, however. </li> 1547 <li>No support for USB connections</li> 1548 <li>No support for device-attached headphones</li> 1549 <li>No support for determining network connected state</li> 1550 <li>No support for determining battery charge level and AC charging state</li> 1551 <li>No support for determining SD card insert/eject</li> 1552 <li>No support for Bluetooth</li> 1553</ul> 1554 1555 1556<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting Emulator Problems</h2> 1557 1558<p>The {@code adb} utility sees the emulator as an actual physical device. For this reason, you 1559might have to use the {@code -d} flag with some common {@code adb} commands, such as 1560<code>install</code>. The {@code -d} flag lets you specify which of several connected devices to use 1561as the target of a command. If you don't specify {@code -d}, the emulator targets the first 1562device in its list. For more information about {@code adb}, see <a 1563href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge</a>.</p> 1564 1565<p>For emulators running on Mac OS X, if you see an error {@code Warning: No DNS servers found} 1566when starting the emulator, check to see whether you have an <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> file. If 1567not, please run the following line in a command window:</p> 1568 <pre>ln -s /private/var/run/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</pre> 1569 1570<p>See <a href="{@docRoot}resources/faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a> for more 1571troubleshooting information. </p> 1572
