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1 /*
2 **********************************************************************
3 *   Copyright (C) 1998-2010, International Business Machines
4 *   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
5 **********************************************************************
6 *
7 * File ustring.h
8 *
9 * Modification History:
10 *
11 *   Date        Name        Description
12 *   12/07/98    bertrand    Creation.
13 ******************************************************************************
14 */
15 
16 #ifndef USTRING_H
17 #define USTRING_H
18 
19 #include "unicode/utypes.h"
20 #include "unicode/putil.h"
21 #include "unicode/uiter.h"
22 
23 /** Simple declaration for u_strToTitle() to avoid including unicode/ubrk.h. @stable ICU 2.1*/
24 #ifndef UBRK_TYPEDEF_UBREAK_ITERATOR
25 #   define UBRK_TYPEDEF_UBREAK_ITERATOR
26     typedef struct UBreakIterator UBreakIterator;
27 #endif
28 
29 /**
30  * \file
31  * \brief C API: Unicode string handling functions
32  *
33  * These C API functions provide general Unicode string handling.
34  *
35  * Some functions are equivalent in name, signature, and behavior to the ANSI C <string.h>
36  * functions. (For example, they do not check for bad arguments like NULL string pointers.)
37  * In some cases, only the thread-safe variant of such a function is implemented here
38  * (see u_strtok_r()).
39  *
40  * Other functions provide more Unicode-specific functionality like locale-specific
41  * upper/lower-casing and string comparison in code point order.
42  *
43  * ICU uses 16-bit Unicode (UTF-16) in the form of arrays of UChar code units.
44  * UTF-16 encodes each Unicode code point with either one or two UChar code units.
45  * (This is the default form of Unicode, and a forward-compatible extension of the original,
46  * fixed-width form that was known as UCS-2. UTF-16 superseded UCS-2 with Unicode 2.0
47  * in 1996.)
48  *
49  * Some APIs accept a 32-bit UChar32 value for a single code point.
50  *
51  * ICU also handles 16-bit Unicode text with unpaired surrogates.
52  * Such text is not well-formed UTF-16.
53  * Code-point-related functions treat unpaired surrogates as surrogate code points,
54  * i.e., as separate units.
55  *
56  * Although UTF-16 is a variable-width encoding form (like some legacy multi-byte encodings),
57  * it is much more efficient even for random access because the code unit values
58  * for single-unit characters vs. lead units vs. trail units are completely disjoint.
59  * This means that it is easy to determine character (code point) boundaries from
60  * random offsets in the string.
61  *
62  * Unicode (UTF-16) string processing is optimized for the single-unit case.
63  * Although it is important to support supplementary characters
64  * (which use pairs of lead/trail code units called "surrogates"),
65  * their occurrence is rare. Almost all characters in modern use require only
66  * a single UChar code unit (i.e., their code point values are <=0xffff).
67  *
68  * For more details see the User Guide Strings chapter (http://icu-project.org/userguide/strings.html).
69  * For a discussion of the handling of unpaired surrogates see also
70  * Jitterbug 2145 and its icu mailing list proposal on 2002-sep-18.
71  */
72 
73 /**
74  * \defgroup ustring_ustrlen String Length
75  * \ingroup ustring_strlen
76  */
77 /*@{*/
78 /**
79  * Determine the length of an array of UChar.
80  *
81  * @param s The array of UChars, NULL (U+0000) terminated.
82  * @return The number of UChars in <code>chars</code>, minus the terminator.
83  * @stable ICU 2.0
84  */
85 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
86 u_strlen(const UChar *s);
87 /*@}*/
88 
89 /**
90  * Count Unicode code points in the length UChar code units of the string.
91  * A code point may occupy either one or two UChar code units.
92  * Counting code points involves reading all code units.
93  *
94  * This functions is basically the inverse of the U16_FWD_N() macro (see utf.h).
95  *
96  * @param s The input string.
97  * @param length The number of UChar code units to be checked, or -1 to count all
98  *               code points before the first NUL (U+0000).
99  * @return The number of code points in the specified code units.
100  * @stable ICU 2.0
101  */
102 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
103 u_countChar32(const UChar *s, int32_t length);
104 
105 /**
106  * Check if the string contains more Unicode code points than a certain number.
107  * This is more efficient than counting all code points in the entire string
108  * and comparing that number with a threshold.
109  * This function may not need to scan the string at all if the length is known
110  * (not -1 for NUL-termination) and falls within a certain range, and
111  * never needs to count more than 'number+1' code points.
112  * Logically equivalent to (u_countChar32(s, length)>number).
113  * A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two UChar code units.
114  *
115  * @param s The input string.
116  * @param length The length of the string, or -1 if it is NUL-terminated.
117  * @param number The number of code points in the string is compared against
118  *               the 'number' parameter.
119  * @return Boolean value for whether the string contains more Unicode code points
120  *         than 'number'. Same as (u_countChar32(s, length)>number).
121  * @stable ICU 2.4
122  */
123 U_STABLE UBool U_EXPORT2
124 u_strHasMoreChar32Than(const UChar *s, int32_t length, int32_t number);
125 
126 /**
127  * Concatenate two ustrings.  Appends a copy of <code>src</code>,
128  * including the null terminator, to <code>dst</code>. The initial copied
129  * character from <code>src</code> overwrites the null terminator in <code>dst</code>.
130  *
131  * @param dst The destination string.
132  * @param src The source string.
133  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
134  * @stable ICU 2.0
135  */
136 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
137 u_strcat(UChar     *dst,
138     const UChar     *src);
139 
140 /**
141  * Concatenate two ustrings.
142  * Appends at most <code>n</code> characters from <code>src</code> to <code>dst</code>.
143  * Adds a terminating NUL.
144  * If src is too long, then only <code>n-1</code> characters will be copied
145  * before the terminating NUL.
146  * If <code>n&lt;=0</code> then dst is not modified.
147  *
148  * @param dst The destination string.
149  * @param src The source string.
150  * @param n The maximum number of characters to append.
151  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
152  * @stable ICU 2.0
153  */
154 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
155 u_strncat(UChar     *dst,
156      const UChar     *src,
157      int32_t     n);
158 
159 /**
160  * Find the first occurrence of a substring in a string.
161  * The substring is found at code point boundaries.
162  * That means that if the substring begins with
163  * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate,
164  * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text.
165  * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against
166  * halves of surrogate pairs.
167  *
168  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
169  * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated).
170  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>substring</code> in <code>s</code>,
171  *         or <code>s</code> itself if the <code>substring</code> is empty,
172  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>substring</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
173  * @stable ICU 2.0
174  *
175  * @see u_strrstr
176  * @see u_strFindFirst
177  * @see u_strFindLast
178  */
179 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
180 u_strstr(const UChar *s, const UChar *substring);
181 
182 /**
183  * Find the first occurrence of a substring in a string.
184  * The substring is found at code point boundaries.
185  * That means that if the substring begins with
186  * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate,
187  * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text.
188  * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against
189  * halves of surrogate pairs.
190  *
191  * @param s The string to search.
192  * @param length The length of s (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated.
193  * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated).
194  * @param subLength The length of substring (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated.
195  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>substring</code> in <code>s</code>,
196  *         or <code>s</code> itself if the <code>substring</code> is empty,
197  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>substring</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
198  * @stable ICU 2.4
199  *
200  * @see u_strstr
201  * @see u_strFindLast
202  */
203 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
204 u_strFindFirst(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UChar *substring, int32_t subLength);
205 
206 /**
207  * Find the first occurrence of a BMP code point in a string.
208  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
209  * part of a surrogate pair.
210  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
211  *
212  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
213  * @param c The BMP code point to find.
214  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
215  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
216  * @stable ICU 2.0
217  *
218  * @see u_strchr32
219  * @see u_memchr
220  * @see u_strstr
221  * @see u_strFindFirst
222  */
223 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
224 u_strchr(const UChar *s, UChar c);
225 
226 /**
227  * Find the first occurrence of a code point in a string.
228  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
229  * part of a surrogate pair.
230  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
231  *
232  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
233  * @param c The code point to find.
234  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
235  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
236  * @stable ICU 2.0
237  *
238  * @see u_strchr
239  * @see u_memchr32
240  * @see u_strstr
241  * @see u_strFindFirst
242  */
243 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
244 u_strchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c);
245 
246 /**
247  * Find the last occurrence of a substring in a string.
248  * The substring is found at code point boundaries.
249  * That means that if the substring begins with
250  * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate,
251  * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text.
252  * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against
253  * halves of surrogate pairs.
254  *
255  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
256  * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated).
257  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>substring</code> in <code>s</code>,
258  *         or <code>s</code> itself if the <code>substring</code> is empty,
259  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>substring</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
260  * @stable ICU 2.4
261  *
262  * @see u_strstr
263  * @see u_strFindFirst
264  * @see u_strFindLast
265  */
266 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
267 u_strrstr(const UChar *s, const UChar *substring);
268 
269 /**
270  * Find the last occurrence of a substring in a string.
271  * The substring is found at code point boundaries.
272  * That means that if the substring begins with
273  * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate,
274  * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text.
275  * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against
276  * halves of surrogate pairs.
277  *
278  * @param s The string to search.
279  * @param length The length of s (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated.
280  * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated).
281  * @param subLength The length of substring (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated.
282  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>substring</code> in <code>s</code>,
283  *         or <code>s</code> itself if the <code>substring</code> is empty,
284  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>substring</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
285  * @stable ICU 2.4
286  *
287  * @see u_strstr
288  * @see u_strFindLast
289  */
290 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
291 u_strFindLast(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UChar *substring, int32_t subLength);
292 
293 /**
294  * Find the last occurrence of a BMP code point in a string.
295  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
296  * part of a surrogate pair.
297  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
298  *
299  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
300  * @param c The BMP code point to find.
301  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
302  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
303  * @stable ICU 2.4
304  *
305  * @see u_strrchr32
306  * @see u_memrchr
307  * @see u_strrstr
308  * @see u_strFindLast
309  */
310 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
311 u_strrchr(const UChar *s, UChar c);
312 
313 /**
314  * Find the last occurrence of a code point in a string.
315  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
316  * part of a surrogate pair.
317  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
318  *
319  * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated).
320  * @param c The code point to find.
321  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
322  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
323  * @stable ICU 2.4
324  *
325  * @see u_strrchr
326  * @see u_memchr32
327  * @see u_strrstr
328  * @see u_strFindLast
329  */
330 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
331 u_strrchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c);
332 
333 /**
334  * Locates the first occurrence in the string <code>string</code> of any of the characters
335  * in the string <code>matchSet</code>.
336  * Works just like C's strpbrk but with Unicode.
337  *
338  * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated.
339  * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points
340  *                 for which to search in the text string.
341  * @return A pointer to the  character in <code>string</code> that matches one of the
342  *         characters in <code>matchSet</code>, or NULL if no such character is found.
343  * @stable ICU 2.0
344  */
345 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
346 u_strpbrk(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet);
347 
348 /**
349  * Returns the number of consecutive characters in <code>string</code>,
350  * beginning with the first, that do not occur somewhere in <code>matchSet</code>.
351  * Works just like C's strcspn but with Unicode.
352  *
353  * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated.
354  * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points
355  *                 for which to search in the text string.
356  * @return The number of initial characters in <code>string</code> that do not
357  *         occur in <code>matchSet</code>.
358  * @see u_strspn
359  * @stable ICU 2.0
360  */
361 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
362 u_strcspn(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet);
363 
364 /**
365  * Returns the number of consecutive characters in <code>string</code>,
366  * beginning with the first, that occur somewhere in <code>matchSet</code>.
367  * Works just like C's strspn but with Unicode.
368  *
369  * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated.
370  * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points
371  *                 for which to search in the text string.
372  * @return The number of initial characters in <code>string</code> that do
373  *         occur in <code>matchSet</code>.
374  * @see u_strcspn
375  * @stable ICU 2.0
376  */
377 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
378 u_strspn(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet);
379 
380 /**
381  * The string tokenizer API allows an application to break a string into
382  * tokens. Unlike strtok(), the saveState (the current pointer within the
383  * original string) is maintained in saveState. In the first call, the
384  * argument src is a pointer to the string. In subsequent calls to
385  * return successive tokens of that string, src must be specified as
386  * NULL. The value saveState is set by this function to maintain the
387  * function's position within the string, and on each subsequent call
388  * you must give this argument the same variable. This function does
389  * handle surrogate pairs. This function is similar to the strtok_r()
390  * the POSIX Threads Extension (1003.1c-1995) version.
391  *
392  * @param src String containing token(s). This string will be modified.
393  *            After the first call to u_strtok_r(), this argument must
394  *            be NULL to get to the next token.
395  * @param delim Set of delimiter characters (Unicode code points).
396  * @param saveState The current pointer within the original string,
397  *              which is set by this function. The saveState
398  *              parameter should the address of a local variable of type
399  *              UChar *. (i.e. defined "Uhar *myLocalSaveState" and use
400  *              &myLocalSaveState for this parameter).
401  * @return A pointer to the next token found in src, or NULL
402  *         when there are no more tokens.
403  * @stable ICU 2.0
404  */
405 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
406 u_strtok_r(UChar    *src,
407      const UChar    *delim,
408            UChar   **saveState);
409 
410 /**
411  * Compare two Unicode strings for bitwise equality (code unit order).
412  *
413  * @param s1 A string to compare.
414  * @param s2 A string to compare.
415  * @return 0 if <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code> are bitwise equal; a negative
416  * value if <code>s1</code> is bitwise less than <code>s2,</code>; a positive
417  * value if <code>s1</code> is bitwise greater than <code>s2</code>.
418  * @stable ICU 2.0
419  */
420 U_STABLE int32_t  U_EXPORT2
421 u_strcmp(const UChar     *s1,
422          const UChar     *s2);
423 
424 /**
425  * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order.
426  * See u_strCompare for details.
427  *
428  * @param s1 A string to compare.
429  * @param s2 A string to compare.
430  * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether
431  * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one
432  * in code point order
433  * @stable ICU 2.0
434  */
435 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
436 u_strcmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2);
437 
438 /**
439  * Compare two Unicode strings (binary order).
440  *
441  * The comparison can be done in code unit order or in code point order.
442  * They differ only in UTF-16 when
443  * comparing supplementary code points (U+10000..U+10ffff)
444  * to BMP code points near the end of the BMP (i.e., U+e000..U+ffff).
445  * In code unit order, high BMP code points sort after supplementary code points
446  * because they are stored as pairs of surrogates which are at U+d800..U+dfff.
447  *
448  * This functions works with strings of different explicitly specified lengths
449  * unlike the ANSI C-like u_strcmp() and u_memcmp() etc.
450  * NUL-terminated strings are possible with length arguments of -1.
451  *
452  * @param s1 First source string.
453  * @param length1 Length of first source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
454  *
455  * @param s2 Second source string.
456  * @param length2 Length of second source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
457  *
458  * @param codePointOrder Choose between code unit order (FALSE)
459  *                       and code point order (TRUE).
460  *
461  * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons
462  *
463  * @stable ICU 2.2
464  */
465 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
466 u_strCompare(const UChar *s1, int32_t length1,
467              const UChar *s2, int32_t length2,
468              UBool codePointOrder);
469 
470 /**
471  * Compare two Unicode strings (binary order)
472  * as presented by UCharIterator objects.
473  * Works otherwise just like u_strCompare().
474  *
475  * Both iterators are reset to their start positions.
476  * When the function returns, it is undefined where the iterators
477  * have stopped.
478  *
479  * @param iter1 First source string iterator.
480  * @param iter2 Second source string iterator.
481  * @param codePointOrder Choose between code unit order (FALSE)
482  *                       and code point order (TRUE).
483  *
484  * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons
485  *
486  * @see u_strCompare
487  *
488  * @stable ICU 2.6
489  */
490 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
491 u_strCompareIter(UCharIterator *iter1, UCharIterator *iter2, UBool codePointOrder);
492 
493 #ifndef U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
494 /* see also unistr.h and unorm.h */
495 /**
496  * Option bit for u_strCaseCompare, u_strcasecmp, unorm_compare, etc:
497  * Compare strings in code point order instead of code unit order.
498  * @stable ICU 2.2
499  */
500 #define U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER  0x8000
501 #endif
502 
503 /**
504  * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding.
505  * This is equivalent to
506  *   u_strCompare(u_strFoldCase(s1, options),
507  *                u_strFoldCase(s2, options),
508  *                (options&U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER)!=0).
509  *
510  * The comparison can be done in UTF-16 code unit order or in code point order.
511  * They differ only when comparing supplementary code points (U+10000..U+10ffff)
512  * to BMP code points near the end of the BMP (i.e., U+e000..U+ffff).
513  * In code unit order, high BMP code points sort after supplementary code points
514  * because they are stored as pairs of surrogates which are at U+d800..U+dfff.
515  *
516  * This functions works with strings of different explicitly specified lengths
517  * unlike the ANSI C-like u_strcmp() and u_memcmp() etc.
518  * NUL-terminated strings are possible with length arguments of -1.
519  *
520  * @param s1 First source string.
521  * @param length1 Length of first source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
522  *
523  * @param s2 Second source string.
524  * @param length2 Length of second source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
525  *
526  * @param options A bit set of options:
527  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options:
528  *     Comparison in code unit order with default case folding.
529  *
530  *   - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
531  *     Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order
532  *     (see u_strCompare for details).
533  *
534  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
535  *
536  * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
537  *                  which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
538  *
539  * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons
540  *
541  * @stable ICU 2.2
542  */
543 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
544 u_strCaseCompare(const UChar *s1, int32_t length1,
545                  const UChar *s2, int32_t length2,
546                  uint32_t options,
547                  UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
548 
549 /**
550  * Compare two ustrings for bitwise equality.
551  * Compares at most <code>n</code> characters.
552  *
553  * @param ucs1 A string to compare.
554  * @param ucs2 A string to compare.
555  * @param n The maximum number of characters to compare.
556  * @return 0 if <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code> are bitwise equal; a negative
557  * value if <code>s1</code> is bitwise less than <code>s2</code>; a positive
558  * value if <code>s1</code> is bitwise greater than <code>s2</code>.
559  * @stable ICU 2.0
560  */
561 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
562 u_strncmp(const UChar     *ucs1,
563      const UChar     *ucs2,
564      int32_t     n);
565 
566 /**
567  * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order.
568  * This is different in UTF-16 from u_strncmp() if supplementary characters are present.
569  * For details, see u_strCompare().
570  *
571  * @param s1 A string to compare.
572  * @param s2 A string to compare.
573  * @param n The maximum number of characters to compare.
574  * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether
575  * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one
576  * in code point order
577  * @stable ICU 2.0
578  */
579 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
580 u_strncmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t n);
581 
582 /**
583  * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding.
584  * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, options), u_strFoldCase(s2, options)).
585  *
586  * @param s1 A string to compare.
587  * @param s2 A string to compare.
588  * @param options A bit set of options:
589  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options:
590  *     Comparison in code unit order with default case folding.
591  *
592  *   - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
593  *     Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order
594  *     (see u_strCompare for details).
595  *
596  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
597  *
598  * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result.
599  * @stable ICU 2.0
600  */
601 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
602 u_strcasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, uint32_t options);
603 
604 /**
605  * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding.
606  * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, at most n, options),
607  * u_strFoldCase(s2, at most n, options)).
608  *
609  * @param s1 A string to compare.
610  * @param s2 A string to compare.
611  * @param n The maximum number of characters each string to case-fold and then compare.
612  * @param options A bit set of options:
613  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options:
614  *     Comparison in code unit order with default case folding.
615  *
616  *   - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
617  *     Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order
618  *     (see u_strCompare for details).
619  *
620  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
621  *
622  * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result.
623  * @stable ICU 2.0
624  */
625 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
626 u_strncasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t n, uint32_t options);
627 
628 /**
629  * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding.
630  * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, n, options),
631  * u_strFoldCase(s2, n, options)).
632  *
633  * @param s1 A string to compare.
634  * @param s2 A string to compare.
635  * @param length The number of characters in each string to case-fold and then compare.
636  * @param options A bit set of options:
637  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options:
638  *     Comparison in code unit order with default case folding.
639  *
640  *   - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
641  *     Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order
642  *     (see u_strCompare for details).
643  *
644  *   - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
645  *
646  * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result.
647  * @stable ICU 2.0
648  */
649 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
650 u_memcasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t length, uint32_t options);
651 
652 /**
653  * Copy a ustring. Adds a null terminator.
654  *
655  * @param dst The destination string.
656  * @param src The source string.
657  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
658  * @stable ICU 2.0
659  */
660 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
661 u_strcpy(UChar     *dst,
662     const UChar     *src);
663 
664 /**
665  * Copy a ustring.
666  * Copies at most <code>n</code> characters.  The result will be null terminated
667  * if the length of <code>src</code> is less than <code>n</code>.
668  *
669  * @param dst The destination string.
670  * @param src The source string.
671  * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy.
672  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
673  * @stable ICU 2.0
674  */
675 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
676 u_strncpy(UChar     *dst,
677      const UChar     *src,
678      int32_t     n);
679 
680 #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION
681 
682 /**
683  * Copy a byte string encoded in the default codepage to a ustring.
684  * Adds a null terminator.
685  * Performs a host byte to UChar conversion
686  *
687  * @param dst The destination string.
688  * @param src The source string.
689  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
690  * @stable ICU 2.0
691  */
692 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_uastrcpy(UChar *dst,
693                const char *src );
694 
695 /**
696  * Copy a byte string encoded in the default codepage to a ustring.
697  * Copies at most <code>n</code> characters.  The result will be null terminated
698  * if the length of <code>src</code> is less than <code>n</code>.
699  * Performs a host byte to UChar conversion
700  *
701  * @param dst The destination string.
702  * @param src The source string.
703  * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy.
704  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
705  * @stable ICU 2.0
706  */
707 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_uastrncpy(UChar *dst,
708             const char *src,
709             int32_t n);
710 
711 /**
712  * Copy ustring to a byte string encoded in the default codepage.
713  * Adds a null terminator.
714  * Performs a UChar to host byte conversion
715  *
716  * @param dst The destination string.
717  * @param src The source string.
718  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
719  * @stable ICU 2.0
720  */
721 U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2 u_austrcpy(char *dst,
722             const UChar *src );
723 
724 /**
725  * Copy ustring to a byte string encoded in the default codepage.
726  * Copies at most <code>n</code> characters.  The result will be null terminated
727  * if the length of <code>src</code> is less than <code>n</code>.
728  * Performs a UChar to host byte conversion
729  *
730  * @param dst The destination string.
731  * @param src The source string.
732  * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy.
733  * @return A pointer to <code>dst</code>.
734  * @stable ICU 2.0
735  */
736 U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2 u_austrncpy(char *dst,
737             const UChar *src,
738             int32_t n );
739 
740 #endif
741 
742 /**
743  * Synonym for memcpy(), but with UChars only.
744  * @param dest The destination string
745  * @param src The source string
746  * @param count The number of characters to copy
747  * @return A pointer to <code>dest</code>
748  * @stable ICU 2.0
749  */
750 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
751 u_memcpy(UChar *dest, const UChar *src, int32_t count);
752 
753 /**
754  * Synonym for memmove(), but with UChars only.
755  * @param dest The destination string
756  * @param src The source string
757  * @param count The number of characters to move
758  * @return A pointer to <code>dest</code>
759  * @stable ICU 2.0
760  */
761 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
762 u_memmove(UChar *dest, const UChar *src, int32_t count);
763 
764 /**
765  * Initialize <code>count</code> characters of <code>dest</code> to <code>c</code>.
766  *
767  * @param dest The destination string.
768  * @param c The character to initialize the string.
769  * @param count The maximum number of characters to set.
770  * @return A pointer to <code>dest</code>.
771  * @stable ICU 2.0
772  */
773 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
774 u_memset(UChar *dest, UChar c, int32_t count);
775 
776 /**
777  * Compare the first <code>count</code> UChars of each buffer.
778  *
779  * @param buf1 The first string to compare.
780  * @param buf2 The second string to compare.
781  * @param count The maximum number of UChars to compare.
782  * @return When buf1 < buf2, a negative number is returned.
783  *      When buf1 == buf2, 0 is returned.
784  *      When buf1 > buf2, a positive number is returned.
785  * @stable ICU 2.0
786  */
787 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
788 u_memcmp(const UChar *buf1, const UChar *buf2, int32_t count);
789 
790 /**
791  * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order.
792  * This is different in UTF-16 from u_memcmp() if supplementary characters are present.
793  * For details, see u_strCompare().
794  *
795  * @param s1 A string to compare.
796  * @param s2 A string to compare.
797  * @param count The maximum number of characters to compare.
798  * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether
799  * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one
800  * in code point order
801  * @stable ICU 2.0
802  */
803 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
804 u_memcmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t count);
805 
806 /**
807  * Find the first occurrence of a BMP code point in a string.
808  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
809  * part of a surrogate pair.
810  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
811  *
812  * @param s The string to search (contains <code>count</code> UChars).
813  * @param c The BMP code point to find.
814  * @param count The length of the string.
815  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
816  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
817  * @stable ICU 2.0
818  *
819  * @see u_strchr
820  * @see u_memchr32
821  * @see u_strFindFirst
822  */
823 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
824 u_memchr(const UChar *s, UChar c, int32_t count);
825 
826 /**
827  * Find the first occurrence of a code point in a string.
828  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
829  * part of a surrogate pair.
830  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
831  *
832  * @param s The string to search (contains <code>count</code> UChars).
833  * @param c The code point to find.
834  * @param count The length of the string.
835  * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
836  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
837  * @stable ICU 2.0
838  *
839  * @see u_strchr32
840  * @see u_memchr
841  * @see u_strFindFirst
842  */
843 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
844 u_memchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c, int32_t count);
845 
846 /**
847  * Find the last occurrence of a BMP code point in a string.
848  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
849  * part of a surrogate pair.
850  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
851  *
852  * @param s The string to search (contains <code>count</code> UChars).
853  * @param c The BMP code point to find.
854  * @param count The length of the string.
855  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
856  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
857  * @stable ICU 2.4
858  *
859  * @see u_strrchr
860  * @see u_memrchr32
861  * @see u_strFindLast
862  */
863 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
864 u_memrchr(const UChar *s, UChar c, int32_t count);
865 
866 /**
867  * Find the last occurrence of a code point in a string.
868  * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not
869  * part of a surrogate pair.
870  * A NUL character is found at the string terminator.
871  *
872  * @param s The string to search (contains <code>count</code> UChars).
873  * @param c The code point to find.
874  * @param count The length of the string.
875  * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of <code>c</code> in <code>s</code>
876  *         or <code>NULL</code> if <code>c</code> is not in <code>s</code>.
877  * @stable ICU 2.4
878  *
879  * @see u_strrchr32
880  * @see u_memrchr
881  * @see u_strFindLast
882  */
883 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
884 u_memrchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c, int32_t count);
885 
886 /**
887  * Unicode String literals in C.
888  * We need one macro to declare a variable for the string
889  * and to statically preinitialize it if possible,
890  * and a second macro to dynamically intialize such a string variable if necessary.
891  *
892  * The macros are defined for maximum performance.
893  * They work only for strings that contain "invariant characters", i.e.,
894  * only latin letters, digits, and some punctuation.
895  * See utypes.h for details.
896  *
897  * A pair of macros for a single string must be used with the same
898  * parameters.
899  * The string parameter must be a C string literal.
900  * The length of the string, not including the terminating
901  * <code>NUL</code>, must be specified as a constant.
902  * The U_STRING_DECL macro should be invoked exactly once for one
903  * such string variable before it is used.
904  *
905  * Usage:
906  * <pre>
907  *    U_STRING_DECL(ustringVar1, "Quick-Fox 2", 11);
908  *    U_STRING_DECL(ustringVar2, "jumps 5%", 8);
909  *    static UBool didInit=FALSE;
910  *
911  *    int32_t function() {
912  *        if(!didInit) {
913  *            U_STRING_INIT(ustringVar1, "Quick-Fox 2", 11);
914  *            U_STRING_INIT(ustringVar2, "jumps 5%", 8);
915  *            didInit=TRUE;
916  *        }
917  *        return u_strcmp(ustringVar1, ustringVar2);
918  *    }
919  * </pre>
920  *
921  * Note that the macros will NOT consistently work if their argument is another #define.
922  *  The following will not work on all platforms, don't use it.
923  *
924  * <pre>
925  *     #define GLUCK "Mr. Gluck"
926  *     U_STRING_DECL(var, GLUCK, 9)
927  *     U_STRING_INIT(var, GLUCK, 9)
928  * </pre>
929  *
930  * Instead, use the string literal "Mr. Gluck"  as the argument to both macro
931  * calls.
932  *
933  *
934  * @stable ICU 2.0
935  */
936 #if defined(U_DECLARE_UTF16)
937 #   define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static const UChar var[(length)+1]=U_DECLARE_UTF16(cs)
938     /**@stable ICU 2.0 */
939 #   define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length)
940 #elif U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==U_SIZEOF_UCHAR && (U_CHARSET_FAMILY==U_ASCII_FAMILY || (U_SIZEOF_UCHAR == 2 && defined(U_WCHAR_IS_UTF16)))
941 #   define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static const UChar var[(length)+1]=L ## cs
942     /**@stable ICU 2.0 */
943 #   define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length)
944 #elif U_SIZEOF_UCHAR==1 && U_CHARSET_FAMILY==U_ASCII_FAMILY
945 #   define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static const UChar var[(length)+1]=cs
946     /**@stable ICU 2.0 */
947 #   define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length)
948 #else
949 #   define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static UChar var[(length)+1]
950     /**@stable ICU 2.0 */
951 #   define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length) u_charsToUChars(cs, var, length+1)
952 #endif
953 
954 /**
955  * Unescape a string of characters and write the resulting
956  * Unicode characters to the destination buffer.  The following escape
957  * sequences are recognized:
958  *
959  * \\uhhhh       4 hex digits; h in [0-9A-Fa-f]
960  * \\Uhhhhhhhh   8 hex digits
961  * \\xhh         1-2 hex digits
962  * \\x{h...}     1-8 hex digits
963  * \\ooo         1-3 octal digits; o in [0-7]
964  * \\cX          control-X; X is masked with 0x1F
965  *
966  * as well as the standard ANSI C escapes:
967  *
968  * \\a => U+0007, \\b => U+0008, \\t => U+0009, \\n => U+000A,
969  * \\v => U+000B, \\f => U+000C, \\r => U+000D, \\e => U+001B,
970  * \\&quot; => U+0022, \\' => U+0027, \\? => U+003F, \\\\ => U+005C
971  *
972  * Anything else following a backslash is generically escaped.  For
973  * example, "[a\\-z]" returns "[a-z]".
974  *
975  * If an escape sequence is ill-formed, this method returns an empty
976  * string.  An example of an ill-formed sequence is "\\u" followed by
977  * fewer than 4 hex digits.
978  *
979  * The above characters are recognized in the compiler's codepage,
980  * that is, they are coded as 'u', '\\', etc.  Characters that are
981  * not parts of escape sequences are converted using u_charsToUChars().
982  *
983  * This function is similar to UnicodeString::unescape() but not
984  * identical to it.  The latter takes a source UnicodeString, so it
985  * does escape recognition but no conversion.
986  *
987  * @param src a zero-terminated string of invariant characters
988  * @param dest pointer to buffer to receive converted and unescaped
989  * text and, if there is room, a zero terminator.  May be NULL for
990  * preflighting, in which case no UChars will be written, but the
991  * return value will still be valid.  On error, an empty string is
992  * stored here (if possible).
993  * @param destCapacity the number of UChars that may be written at
994  * dest.  Ignored if dest == NULL.
995  * @return the length of unescaped string.
996  * @see u_unescapeAt
997  * @see UnicodeString#unescape()
998  * @see UnicodeString#unescapeAt()
999  * @stable ICU 2.0
1000  */
1001 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
1002 u_unescape(const char *src,
1003            UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity);
1004 
1005 U_CDECL_BEGIN
1006 /**
1007  * Callback function for u_unescapeAt() that returns a character of
1008  * the source text given an offset and a context pointer.  The context
1009  * pointer will be whatever is passed into u_unescapeAt().
1010  *
1011  * @param offset pointer to the offset that will be passed to u_unescapeAt().
1012  * @param context an opaque pointer passed directly into u_unescapeAt()
1013  * @return the character represented by the escape sequence at
1014  * offset
1015  * @see u_unescapeAt
1016  * @stable ICU 2.0
1017  */
1018 typedef UChar (U_CALLCONV *UNESCAPE_CHAR_AT)(int32_t offset, void *context);
1019 U_CDECL_END
1020 
1021 /**
1022  * Unescape a single sequence. The character at offset-1 is assumed
1023  * (without checking) to be a backslash.  This method takes a callback
1024  * pointer to a function that returns the UChar at a given offset.  By
1025  * varying this callback, ICU functions are able to unescape char*
1026  * strings, UnicodeString objects, and UFILE pointers.
1027  *
1028  * If offset is out of range, or if the escape sequence is ill-formed,
1029  * (UChar32)0xFFFFFFFF is returned.  See documentation of u_unescape()
1030  * for a list of recognized sequences.
1031  *
1032  * @param charAt callback function that returns a UChar of the source
1033  * text given an offset and a context pointer.
1034  * @param offset pointer to the offset that will be passed to charAt.
1035  * The offset value will be updated upon return to point after the
1036  * last parsed character of the escape sequence.  On error the offset
1037  * is unchanged.
1038  * @param length the number of characters in the source text.  The
1039  * last character of the source text is considered to be at offset
1040  * length-1.
1041  * @param context an opaque pointer passed directly into charAt.
1042  * @return the character represented by the escape sequence at
1043  * offset, or (UChar32)0xFFFFFFFF on error.
1044  * @see u_unescape()
1045  * @see UnicodeString#unescape()
1046  * @see UnicodeString#unescapeAt()
1047  * @stable ICU 2.0
1048  */
1049 U_STABLE UChar32 U_EXPORT2
1050 u_unescapeAt(UNESCAPE_CHAR_AT charAt,
1051              int32_t *offset,
1052              int32_t length,
1053              void *context);
1054 
1055 /**
1056  * Uppercase the characters in a string.
1057  * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive.
1058  * The result may be longer or shorter than the original.
1059  * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap.
1060  *
1061  * @param dest      A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1062  *                  the buffer is large enough.
1063  * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1064  *                  dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result
1065  *                  without writing any of the result string.
1066  * @param src       The original string
1067  * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1068  * @param locale    The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale.
1069  * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1070  *                  which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1071  * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case,
1072  *         only some of the result was written to the destination buffer.
1073  * @stable ICU 2.0
1074  */
1075 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
1076 u_strToUpper(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
1077              const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
1078              const char *locale,
1079              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1080 
1081 /**
1082  * Lowercase the characters in a string.
1083  * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive.
1084  * The result may be longer or shorter than the original.
1085  * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap.
1086  *
1087  * @param dest      A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1088  *                  the buffer is large enough.
1089  * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1090  *                  dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result
1091  *                  without writing any of the result string.
1092  * @param src       The original string
1093  * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1094  * @param locale    The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale.
1095  * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1096  *                  which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1097  * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case,
1098  *         only some of the result was written to the destination buffer.
1099  * @stable ICU 2.0
1100  */
1101 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
1102 u_strToLower(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
1103              const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
1104              const char *locale,
1105              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1106 
1107 #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION
1108 
1109 /**
1110  * Titlecase a string.
1111  * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive.
1112  * Titlecasing uses a break iterator to find the first characters of words
1113  * that are to be titlecased. It titlecases those characters and lowercases
1114  * all others.
1115  *
1116  * The titlecase break iterator can be provided to customize for arbitrary
1117  * styles, using rules and dictionaries beyond the standard iterators.
1118  * It may be more efficient to always provide an iterator to avoid
1119  * opening and closing one for each string.
1120  * The standard titlecase iterator for the root locale implements the
1121  * algorithm of Unicode TR 21.
1122  *
1123  * This function uses only the setText(), first() and next() methods of the
1124  * provided break iterator.
1125  *
1126  * The result may be longer or shorter than the original.
1127  * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap.
1128  *
1129  * @param dest      A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1130  *                  the buffer is large enough.
1131  * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1132  *                  dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result
1133  *                  without writing any of the result string.
1134  * @param src       The original string
1135  * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1136  * @param titleIter A break iterator to find the first characters of words
1137  *                  that are to be titlecased.
1138  *                  If none is provided (NULL), then a standard titlecase
1139  *                  break iterator is opened.
1140  * @param locale    The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale.
1141  * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1142  *                  which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1143  * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case,
1144  *         only some of the result was written to the destination buffer.
1145  * @stable ICU 2.1
1146  */
1147 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
1148 u_strToTitle(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
1149              const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
1150              UBreakIterator *titleIter,
1151              const char *locale,
1152              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1153 
1154 #endif
1155 
1156 /**
1157  * Case-fold the characters in a string.
1158  * Case-folding is locale-independent and not context-sensitive,
1159  * but there is an option for whether to include or exclude mappings for dotted I
1160  * and dotless i that are marked with 'I' in CaseFolding.txt.
1161  * The result may be longer or shorter than the original.
1162  * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap.
1163  *
1164  * @param dest      A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1165  *                  the buffer is large enough.
1166  * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1167  *                  dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result
1168  *                  without writing any of the result string.
1169  * @param src       The original string
1170  * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1171  * @param options   Either U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
1172  * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1173  *                  which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1174  * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case,
1175  *         only some of the result was written to the destination buffer.
1176  * @stable ICU 2.0
1177  */
1178 U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
1179 u_strFoldCase(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
1180               const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
1181               uint32_t options,
1182               UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1183 
1184 #if defined(U_WCHAR_IS_UTF16) || defined(U_WCHAR_IS_UTF32) || !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION
1185 /**
1186  * Convert a UTF-16 string to a wchar_t string.
1187  * If it is known at compile time that wchar_t strings are in UTF-16 or UTF-32, then
1188  * this function simply calls the fast, dedicated function for that.
1189  * Otherwise, two conversions UTF-16 -> default charset -> wchar_t* are performed.
1190  *
1191  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1192  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1193  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of wchar_t's). If it is 0, then
1194  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1195  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1196  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1197  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1198  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1199  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1200  * @param src           The original source string
1201  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1202  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1203  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1204  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1205  * @stable ICU 2.0
1206  */
1207 U_STABLE wchar_t* U_EXPORT2
1208 u_strToWCS(wchar_t *dest,
1209            int32_t destCapacity,
1210            int32_t *pDestLength,
1211            const UChar *src,
1212            int32_t srcLength,
1213            UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1214 /**
1215  * Convert a wchar_t string to UTF-16.
1216  * If it is known at compile time that wchar_t strings are in UTF-16 or UTF-32, then
1217  * this function simply calls the fast, dedicated function for that.
1218  * Otherwise, two conversions wchar_t* -> default charset -> UTF-16 are performed.
1219  *
1220  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1221  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1222  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1223  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1224  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1225  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1226  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1227  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1228  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1229  * @param src           The original source string
1230  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1231  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1232  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1233  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1234  * @stable ICU 2.0
1235  */
1236 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1237 u_strFromWCS(UChar   *dest,
1238              int32_t destCapacity,
1239              int32_t *pDestLength,
1240              const wchar_t *src,
1241              int32_t srcLength,
1242              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1243 #endif /* defined(U_WCHAR_IS_UTF16) || defined(U_WCHAR_IS_UTF32) || !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION */
1244 
1245 /**
1246  * Convert a UTF-16 string to UTF-8.
1247  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1248  *
1249  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1250  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1251  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of chars). If it is 0, then
1252  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1253  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1254  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1255  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1256  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1257  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1258  * @param src           The original source string
1259  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1260  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1261  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1262  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1263  * @stable ICU 2.0
1264  * @see u_strToUTF8WithSub
1265  * @see u_strFromUTF8
1266  */
1267 U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2
1268 u_strToUTF8(char *dest,
1269             int32_t destCapacity,
1270             int32_t *pDestLength,
1271             const UChar *src,
1272             int32_t srcLength,
1273             UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1274 
1275 /**
1276  * Convert a UTF-8 string to UTF-16.
1277  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1278  *
1279  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1280  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1281  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1282  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1283  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1284  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1285  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1286  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1287  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1288  * @param src           The original source string
1289  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1290  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1291  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1292  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1293  * @stable ICU 2.0
1294  * @see u_strFromUTF8WithSub
1295  * @see u_strFromUTF8Lenient
1296  */
1297 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1298 u_strFromUTF8(UChar *dest,
1299               int32_t destCapacity,
1300               int32_t *pDestLength,
1301               const char *src,
1302               int32_t srcLength,
1303               UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1304 
1305 /**
1306  * Convert a UTF-16 string to UTF-8.
1307  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1308  *
1309  * Same as u_strToUTF8() except for the additional subchar which is output for
1310  * illegal input sequences, instead of stopping with the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code.
1311  * With subchar==U_SENTINEL, this function behaves exactly like u_strToUTF8().
1312  *
1313  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1314  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1315  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of chars). If it is 0, then
1316  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1317  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1318  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1319  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1320  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1321  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1322  * @param src           The original source string
1323  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1324  * @param subchar       The substitution character to use in place of an illegal input sequence,
1325  *                      or U_SENTINEL if the function is to return with U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND instead.
1326  *                      A substitution character can be any valid Unicode code point (up to U+10FFFF)
1327  *                      except for surrogate code points (U+D800..U+DFFF).
1328  *                      The recommended value is U+FFFD "REPLACEMENT CHARACTER".
1329  * @param pNumSubstitutions Output parameter receiving the number of substitutions if subchar>=0.
1330  *                      Set to 0 if no substitutions occur or subchar<0.
1331  *                      pNumSubstitutions can be NULL.
1332  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1333  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1334  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1335  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1336  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1337  * @see u_strToUTF8
1338  * @see u_strFromUTF8WithSub
1339  * @stable ICU 3.6
1340  */
1341 U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2
1342 u_strToUTF8WithSub(char *dest,
1343             int32_t destCapacity,
1344             int32_t *pDestLength,
1345             const UChar *src,
1346             int32_t srcLength,
1347             UChar32 subchar, int32_t *pNumSubstitutions,
1348             UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1349 
1350 /**
1351  * Convert a UTF-8 string to UTF-16.
1352  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1353  *
1354  * Same as u_strFromUTF8() except for the additional subchar which is output for
1355  * illegal input sequences, instead of stopping with the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code.
1356  * With subchar==U_SENTINEL, this function behaves exactly like u_strFromUTF8().
1357  *
1358  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1359  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1360  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1361  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1362  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1363  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1364  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1365  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1366  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1367  * @param src           The original source string
1368  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1369  * @param subchar       The substitution character to use in place of an illegal input sequence,
1370  *                      or U_SENTINEL if the function is to return with U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND instead.
1371  *                      A substitution character can be any valid Unicode code point (up to U+10FFFF)
1372  *                      except for surrogate code points (U+D800..U+DFFF).
1373  *                      The recommended value is U+FFFD "REPLACEMENT CHARACTER".
1374  * @param pNumSubstitutions Output parameter receiving the number of substitutions if subchar>=0.
1375  *                      Set to 0 if no substitutions occur or subchar<0.
1376  *                      pNumSubstitutions can be NULL.
1377  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1378  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1379  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1380  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1381  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1382  * @see u_strFromUTF8
1383  * @see u_strFromUTF8Lenient
1384  * @see u_strToUTF8WithSub
1385  * @stable ICU 3.6
1386  */
1387 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1388 u_strFromUTF8WithSub(UChar *dest,
1389               int32_t destCapacity,
1390               int32_t *pDestLength,
1391               const char *src,
1392               int32_t srcLength,
1393               UChar32 subchar, int32_t *pNumSubstitutions,
1394               UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1395 
1396 /**
1397  * Convert a UTF-8 string to UTF-16.
1398  *
1399  * Same as u_strFromUTF8() except that this function is designed to be very fast,
1400  * which it achieves by being lenient about malformed UTF-8 sequences.
1401  * This function is intended for use in environments where UTF-8 text is
1402  * expected to be well-formed.
1403  *
1404  * Its semantics are:
1405  * - Well-formed UTF-8 text is correctly converted to well-formed UTF-16 text.
1406  * - The function will not read beyond the input string, nor write beyond
1407  *   the destCapacity.
1408  * - Malformed UTF-8 results in "garbage" 16-bit Unicode strings which may not
1409  *   be well-formed UTF-16.
1410  *   The function will resynchronize to valid code point boundaries
1411  *   within a small number of code points after an illegal sequence.
1412  * - Non-shortest forms are not detected and will result in "spoofing" output.
1413  *
1414  * For further performance improvement, if srcLength is given (>=0),
1415  * then it must be destCapacity>=srcLength.
1416  *
1417  * There is no inverse u_strToUTF8Lenient() function because there is practically
1418  * no performance gain from not checking that a UTF-16 string is well-formed.
1419  *
1420  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1421  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1422  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1423  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1424  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1425  *                      Unlike for other ICU functions, if srcLength>=0 then it
1426  *                      must be destCapacity>=srcLength.
1427  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1428  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1429  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1430  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1431  *                      Unlike for other ICU functions, if srcLength>=0 but
1432  *                      destCapacity<srcLength, then *pDestLength will be set to srcLength
1433  *                      (and U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR will be set)
1434  *                      regardless of the actual result length.
1435  * @param src           The original source string
1436  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1437  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1438  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1439  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1440  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1441  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1442  * @see u_strFromUTF8
1443  * @see u_strFromUTF8WithSub
1444  * @see u_strToUTF8WithSub
1445  * @stable ICU 3.6
1446  */
1447 U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2
1448 u_strFromUTF8Lenient(UChar *dest,
1449                      int32_t destCapacity,
1450                      int32_t *pDestLength,
1451                      const char *src,
1452                      int32_t srcLength,
1453                      UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1454 
1455 /**
1456  * Convert a UTF-16 string to UTF-32.
1457  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1458  *
1459  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1460  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1461  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChar32s). If it is 0, then
1462  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1463  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1464  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1465  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1466  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1467  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1468  * @param src           The original source string
1469  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1470  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1471  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1472  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1473  * @see u_strToUTF32WithSub
1474  * @see u_strFromUTF32
1475  * @stable ICU 2.0
1476  */
1477 U_STABLE UChar32* U_EXPORT2
1478 u_strToUTF32(UChar32 *dest,
1479              int32_t  destCapacity,
1480              int32_t  *pDestLength,
1481              const UChar *src,
1482              int32_t  srcLength,
1483              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1484 
1485 /**
1486  * Convert a UTF-32 string to UTF-16.
1487  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1488  *
1489  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1490  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1491  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1492  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1493  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1494  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1495  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1496  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1497  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1498  * @param src           The original source string
1499  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1500  * @param pErrorCode    Must be a valid pointer to an error code value,
1501  *                      which must not indicate a failure before the function call.
1502  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1503  * @see u_strFromUTF32WithSub
1504  * @see u_strToUTF32
1505  * @stable ICU 2.0
1506  */
1507 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1508 u_strFromUTF32(UChar   *dest,
1509                int32_t destCapacity,
1510                int32_t *pDestLength,
1511                const UChar32 *src,
1512                int32_t srcLength,
1513                UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1514 
1515 /**
1516  * Convert a UTF-16 string to UTF-32.
1517  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1518  *
1519  * Same as u_strToUTF32() except for the additional subchar which is output for
1520  * illegal input sequences, instead of stopping with the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code.
1521  * With subchar==U_SENTINEL, this function behaves exactly like u_strToUTF32().
1522  *
1523  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1524  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1525  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChar32s). If it is 0, then
1526  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1527  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1528  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1529  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1530  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1531  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1532  * @param src           The original source string
1533  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1534  * @param subchar       The substitution character to use in place of an illegal input sequence,
1535  *                      or U_SENTINEL if the function is to return with U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND instead.
1536  *                      A substitution character can be any valid Unicode code point (up to U+10FFFF)
1537  *                      except for surrogate code points (U+D800..U+DFFF).
1538  *                      The recommended value is U+FFFD "REPLACEMENT CHARACTER".
1539  * @param pNumSubstitutions Output parameter receiving the number of substitutions if subchar>=0.
1540  *                      Set to 0 if no substitutions occur or subchar<0.
1541  *                      pNumSubstitutions can be NULL.
1542  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1543  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1544  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1545  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1546  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1547  * @see u_strToUTF32
1548  * @see u_strFromUTF32WithSub
1549  * @stable ICU 4.2
1550  */
1551 U_STABLE UChar32* U_EXPORT2
1552 u_strToUTF32WithSub(UChar32 *dest,
1553              int32_t destCapacity,
1554              int32_t *pDestLength,
1555              const UChar *src,
1556              int32_t srcLength,
1557              UChar32 subchar, int32_t *pNumSubstitutions,
1558              UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1559 
1560 /**
1561  * Convert a UTF-32 string to UTF-16.
1562  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1563  *
1564  * Same as u_strFromUTF32() except for the additional subchar which is output for
1565  * illegal input sequences, instead of stopping with the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code.
1566  * With subchar==U_SENTINEL, this function behaves exactly like u_strFromUTF32().
1567  *
1568  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1569  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1570  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1571  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1572  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1573  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1574  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1575  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1576  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1577  * @param src           The original source string
1578  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1579  * @param subchar       The substitution character to use in place of an illegal input sequence,
1580  *                      or U_SENTINEL if the function is to return with U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND instead.
1581  *                      A substitution character can be any valid Unicode code point (up to U+10FFFF)
1582  *                      except for surrogate code points (U+D800..U+DFFF).
1583  *                      The recommended value is U+FFFD "REPLACEMENT CHARACTER".
1584  * @param pNumSubstitutions Output parameter receiving the number of substitutions if subchar>=0.
1585  *                      Set to 0 if no substitutions occur or subchar<0.
1586  *                      pNumSubstitutions can be NULL.
1587  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1588  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1589  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1590  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1591  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1592  * @see u_strFromUTF32
1593  * @see u_strToUTF32WithSub
1594  * @stable ICU 4.2
1595  */
1596 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1597 u_strFromUTF32WithSub(UChar *dest,
1598                int32_t destCapacity,
1599                int32_t *pDestLength,
1600                const UChar32 *src,
1601                int32_t srcLength,
1602                UChar32 subchar, int32_t *pNumSubstitutions,
1603                UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1604 
1605 /**
1606  * Convert a 16-bit Unicode string to Java Modified UTF-8.
1607  * See http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/DataInput.html#modified-utf-8
1608  *
1609  * This function behaves according to the documentation for Java DataOutput.writeUTF()
1610  * except that it does not encode the output length in the destination buffer
1611  * and does not have an output length restriction.
1612  * See http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/DataOutput.html#writeUTF(java.lang.String)
1613  *
1614  * The input string need not be well-formed UTF-16.
1615  * (Therefore there is no subchar parameter.)
1616  *
1617  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1618  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1619  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of chars). If it is 0, then
1620  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1621  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1622  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1623  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1624  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1625  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1626  * @param src           The original source string
1627  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1628  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1629  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1630  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1631  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1632  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1633  * @stable ICU 4.4
1634  * @see u_strToUTF8WithSub
1635  * @see u_strFromJavaModifiedUTF8WithSub
1636  */
1637 U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2
1638 u_strToJavaModifiedUTF8(
1639         char *dest,
1640         int32_t destCapacity,
1641         int32_t *pDestLength,
1642         const UChar *src,
1643         int32_t srcLength,
1644         UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1645 
1646 /**
1647  * Convert a Java Modified UTF-8 string to a 16-bit Unicode string.
1648  * If the input string is not well-formed, then the U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND error code is set.
1649  *
1650  * This function behaves according to the documentation for Java DataInput.readUTF()
1651  * except that it takes a length parameter rather than
1652  * interpreting the first two input bytes as the length.
1653  * See http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/DataInput.html#readUTF()
1654  *
1655  * The output string may not be well-formed UTF-16.
1656  *
1657  * @param dest          A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if
1658  *                      the buffer is large enough.
1659  * @param destCapacity  The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then
1660  *                      dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the
1661  *                      result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting).
1662  * @param pDestLength   A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If
1663  *                      pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the
1664  *                      number of output units corresponding to the transformation of
1665  *                      all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow.
1666  * @param src           The original source string
1667  * @param srcLength     The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated.
1668  * @param subchar       The substitution character to use in place of an illegal input sequence,
1669  *                      or U_SENTINEL if the function is to return with U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND instead.
1670  *                      A substitution character can be any valid Unicode code point (up to U+10FFFF)
1671  *                      except for surrogate code points (U+D800..U+DFFF).
1672  *                      The recommended value is U+FFFD "REPLACEMENT CHARACTER".
1673  * @param pNumSubstitutions Output parameter receiving the number of substitutions if subchar>=0.
1674  *                      Set to 0 if no substitutions occur or subchar<0.
1675  *                      pNumSubstitutions can be NULL.
1676  * @param pErrorCode    Pointer to a standard ICU error code. Its input value must
1677  *                      pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
1678  *                      immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
1679  *                      function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
1680  * @return The pointer to destination buffer.
1681  * @see u_strFromUTF8WithSub
1682  * @see u_strFromUTF8Lenient
1683  * @see u_strToJavaModifiedUTF8
1684  * @stable ICU 4.4
1685  */
1686 U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2
1687 u_strFromJavaModifiedUTF8WithSub(
1688         UChar *dest,
1689         int32_t destCapacity,
1690         int32_t *pDestLength,
1691         const char *src,
1692         int32_t srcLength,
1693         UChar32 subchar, int32_t *pNumSubstitutions,
1694         UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
1695 
1696 #endif
1697