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1 // This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
2 // for linear algebra.
3 //
4 // Copyright (C) 2008 Benoit Jacob <jacob.benoit.1@gmail.com>
5 //
6 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
7 // Public License v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed
8 // with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
9 
10 #include "mandelbrot.h"
11 #include <iostream>
12 #include<QtGui/QPainter>
13 #include<QtGui/QImage>
14 #include<QtGui/QMouseEvent>
15 #include<QtCore/QTime>
16 
resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *)17 void MandelbrotWidget::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *)
18 {
19   if(size < width() * height())
20   {
21     std::cout << "reallocate buffer" << std::endl;
22     size = width() * height();
23     if(buffer) delete[]buffer;
24     buffer = new unsigned char[4*size];
25   }
26 }
27 
28 template<typename T> struct iters_before_test { enum { ret = 8 }; };
29 template<> struct iters_before_test<double> { enum { ret = 16 }; };
30 
render(int img_width,int img_height)31 template<typename Real> void MandelbrotThread::render(int img_width, int img_height)
32 {
33   enum { packetSize = Eigen::internal::packet_traits<Real>::size }; // number of reals in a Packet
34   typedef Eigen::Array<Real, packetSize, 1> Packet; // wrap a Packet as a vector
35 
36   enum { iters_before_test = iters_before_test<Real>::ret };
37   max_iter = (max_iter / iters_before_test) * iters_before_test;
38   const int alignedWidth = (img_width/packetSize)*packetSize;
39   unsigned char *const buffer = widget->buffer;
40   const double xradius = widget->xradius;
41   const double yradius = xradius * img_height / img_width;
42   const int threadcount = widget->threadcount;
43   typedef Eigen::Array<Real, 2, 1> Vector2;
44   Vector2 start(widget->center.x() - widget->xradius, widget->center.y() - yradius);
45   Vector2 step(2*widget->xradius/img_width, 2*yradius/img_height);
46   total_iter = 0;
47 
48   for(int y = id; y < img_height; y += threadcount)
49   {
50     int pix = y * img_width;
51 
52     // for each pixel, we're going to do the iteration z := z^2 + c where z and c are complex numbers,
53     // starting with z = c = complex coord of the pixel. pzi and pzr denote the real and imaginary parts of z.
54     // pci and pcr denote the real and imaginary parts of c.
55 
56     Packet pzi_start, pci_start;
57     for(int i = 0; i < packetSize; i++) pzi_start[i] = pci_start[i] = start.y() + y * step.y();
58 
59     for(int x = 0; x < alignedWidth; x += packetSize, pix += packetSize)
60     {
61       Packet pcr, pci = pci_start, pzr, pzi = pzi_start, pzr_buf;
62       for(int i = 0; i < packetSize; i++) pzr[i] = pcr[i] = start.x() + (x+i) * step.x();
63 
64       // do the iterations. Every iters_before_test iterations we check for divergence,
65       // in which case we can stop iterating.
66       int j = 0;
67       typedef Eigen::Matrix<int, packetSize, 1> Packeti;
68       Packeti pix_iter = Packeti::Zero(), // number of iteration per pixel in the packet
69               pix_dont_diverge; // whether or not each pixel has already diverged
70       do
71       {
72         for(int i = 0; i < iters_before_test/4; i++) // peel the inner loop by 4
73         {
74 #         define ITERATE \
75             pzr_buf = pzr; \
76             pzr = pzr.square(); \
77             pzr -= pzi.square(); \
78             pzr += pcr; \
79             pzi = (2*pzr_buf)*pzi; \
80             pzi += pci;
81           ITERATE ITERATE ITERATE ITERATE
82         }
83         pix_dont_diverge = ((pzr.square() + pzi.square())
84                            .eval() // temporary fix as what follows is not yet vectorized by Eigen
85                            <= Packet::Constant(4))
86                                 // the 4 here is not a magic value, it's a math fact that if
87                                 // the square modulus is >4 then divergence is inevitable.
88                            .template cast<int>();
89         pix_iter += iters_before_test * pix_dont_diverge;
90         j++;
91         total_iter += iters_before_test * packetSize;
92       }
93       while(j < max_iter/iters_before_test && pix_dont_diverge.any()); // any() is not yet vectorized by Eigen
94 
95       // compute pixel colors
96       for(int i = 0; i < packetSize; i++)
97       {
98         buffer[4*(pix+i)] = 255*pix_iter[i]/max_iter;
99         buffer[4*(pix+i)+1] = 0;
100         buffer[4*(pix+i)+2] = 0;
101       }
102     }
103 
104     // if the width is not a multiple of packetSize, fill the remainder in black
105     for(int x = alignedWidth; x < img_width; x++, pix++)
106       buffer[4*pix] = buffer[4*pix+1] = buffer[4*pix+2] = 0;
107   }
108   return;
109 }
110 
run()111 void MandelbrotThread::run()
112 {
113   setTerminationEnabled(true);
114   double resolution = widget->xradius*2/widget->width();
115   max_iter = 128;
116   if(resolution < 1e-4f) max_iter += 128 * ( - 4 - std::log10(resolution));
117   int img_width = widget->width()/widget->draft;
118   int img_height = widget->height()/widget->draft;
119   single_precision = resolution > 1e-7f;
120 
121   if(single_precision)
122     render<float>(img_width, img_height);
123   else
124     render<double>(img_width, img_height);
125 }
126 
paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)127 void MandelbrotWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
128 {
129   static float max_speed = 0;
130   long long total_iter = 0;
131 
132   QTime time;
133   time.start();
134   for(int th = 0; th < threadcount; th++)
135     threads[th]->start(QThread::LowPriority);
136   for(int th = 0; th < threadcount; th++)
137   {
138     threads[th]->wait();
139     total_iter += threads[th]->total_iter;
140   }
141   int elapsed = time.elapsed();
142 
143   if(draft == 1)
144   {
145     float speed = elapsed ? float(total_iter)*1000/elapsed : 0;
146     max_speed = std::max(max_speed, speed);
147     std::cout << threadcount << " threads, "
148               << elapsed << " ms, "
149               << speed << " iters/s (max " << max_speed << ")" << std::endl;
150     int packetSize = threads[0]->single_precision
151                    ? int(Eigen::internal::packet_traits<float>::size)
152                    : int(Eigen::internal::packet_traits<double>::size);
153     setWindowTitle(QString("resolution ")+QString::number(xradius*2/width(), 'e', 2)
154                   +QString(", %1 iterations per pixel, ").arg(threads[0]->max_iter)
155                   +(threads[0]->single_precision ? QString("single ") : QString("double "))
156                   +QString("precision, ")
157                   +(packetSize==1 ? QString("no vectorization")
158                                   : QString("vectorized (%1 per packet)").arg(packetSize)));
159   }
160 
161   QImage image(buffer, width()/draft, height()/draft, QImage::Format_RGB32);
162   QPainter painter(this);
163   painter.drawImage(QPoint(0, 0), image.scaled(width(), height()));
164 
165   if(draft>1)
166   {
167     draft /= 2;
168     setWindowTitle(QString("recomputing at 1/%1 resolution...").arg(draft));
169     update();
170   }
171 }
172 
mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent * event)173 void MandelbrotWidget::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
174 {
175   if( event->buttons() & Qt::LeftButton )
176   {
177     lastpos = event->pos();
178     double yradius = xradius * height() / width();
179     center = Eigen::Vector2d(center.x() + (event->pos().x() - width()/2) * xradius * 2 / width(),
180                              center.y() + (event->pos().y() - height()/2) * yradius * 2 / height());
181     draft = 16;
182     for(int th = 0; th < threadcount; th++)
183       threads[th]->terminate();
184     update();
185   }
186 }
187 
mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent * event)188 void MandelbrotWidget::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
189 {
190   QPoint delta = event->pos() - lastpos;
191   lastpos = event->pos();
192   if( event->buttons() & Qt::LeftButton )
193   {
194     double t = 1 + 5 * double(delta.y()) / height();
195     if(t < 0.5) t = 0.5;
196     if(t > 2) t = 2;
197     xradius *= t;
198     draft = 16;
199     for(int th = 0; th < threadcount; th++)
200       threads[th]->terminate();
201     update();
202   }
203 }
204 
main(int argc,char * argv[])205 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
206 {
207   QApplication app(argc, argv);
208   MandelbrotWidget w;
209   w.show();
210   return app.exec();
211 }
212 
213 #include "mandelbrot.moc"
214