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1 /*
2  * Copyright © 2010 Intel Corporation
3  *
4  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
5  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
6  * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
7  * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
8  * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
9  * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
10  *
11  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
12  * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
13  * Software.
14  *
15  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
18  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
19  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
20  * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
21  * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
22  */
23 
24 /**
25  * \file ralloc.h
26  *
27  * ralloc: a recursive memory allocator
28  *
29  * The ralloc memory allocator creates a hierarchy of allocated
30  * objects. Every allocation is in reference to some parent, and
31  * every allocated object can in turn be used as the parent of a
32  * subsequent allocation. This allows for extremely convenient
33  * discarding of an entire tree/sub-tree of allocations by calling
34  * ralloc_free on any particular object to free it and all of its
35  * children.
36  *
37  * The conceptual working of ralloc was directly inspired by Andrew
38  * Tridgell's talloc, but ralloc is an independent implementation
39  * released under the MIT license and tuned for Mesa.
40  *
41  * The talloc implementation is available under the GNU Lesser
42  * General Public License (GNU LGPL), version 3 or later. It is
43  * more sophisticated than ralloc in that it includes reference
44  * counting and debugging features. See: http://talloc.samba.org/
45  */
46 
47 #ifndef RALLOC_H
48 #define RALLOC_H
49 
50 #ifdef __cplusplus
51 extern "C" {
52 #endif
53 
54 #include <stddef.h>
55 #include <stdarg.h>
56 #include <stdbool.h>
57 #include "main/compiler.h"
58 
59 /**
60  * \def ralloc(ctx, type)
61  * Allocate a new object chained off of the given context.
62  *
63  * This is equivalent to:
64  * \code
65  * ((type *) ralloc_size(ctx, sizeof(type))
66  * \endcode
67  */
68 #define ralloc(ctx, type)  ((type *) ralloc_size(ctx, sizeof(type)))
69 
70 /**
71  * \def rzalloc(ctx, type)
72  * Allocate a new object out of the given context and initialize it to zero.
73  *
74  * This is equivalent to:
75  * \code
76  * ((type *) rzalloc_size(ctx, sizeof(type))
77  * \endcode
78  */
79 #define rzalloc(ctx, type) ((type *) rzalloc_size(ctx, sizeof(type)))
80 
81 /**
82  * Allocate a new ralloc context.
83  *
84  * While any ralloc'd pointer can be used as a context, sometimes it is useful
85  * to simply allocate a context with no associated memory.
86  *
87  * It is equivalent to:
88  * \code
89  * ((type *) ralloc_size(ctx, 0)
90  * \endcode
91  */
92 void *ralloc_context(const void *ctx);
93 
94 /**
95  * Allocate memory chained off of the given context.
96  *
97  * This is the core allocation routine which is used by all others.  It
98  * simply allocates storage for \p size bytes and returns the pointer,
99  * similar to \c malloc.
100  */
101 void *ralloc_size(const void *ctx, size_t size);
102 
103 /**
104  * Allocate zero-initialized memory chained off of the given context.
105  *
106  * This is similar to \c calloc with a size of 1.
107  */
108 void *rzalloc_size(const void *ctx, size_t size);
109 
110 /**
111  * Resize a piece of ralloc-managed memory, preserving data.
112  *
113  * Similar to \c realloc.  Unlike C89, passing 0 for \p size does not free the
114  * memory.  Instead, it resizes it to a 0-byte ralloc context, just like
115  * calling ralloc_size(ctx, 0).  This is different from talloc.
116  *
117  * \param ctx  The context to use for new allocation.  If \p ptr != NULL,
118  *             it must be the same as ralloc_parent(\p ptr).
119  * \param ptr  Pointer to the memory to be resized.  May be NULL.
120  * \param size The amount of memory to allocate, in bytes.
121  */
122 void *reralloc_size(const void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size);
123 
124 /// \defgroup array Array Allocators @{
125 
126 /**
127  * \def ralloc_array(ctx, type, count)
128  * Allocate an array of objects chained off the given context.
129  *
130  * Similar to \c calloc, but does not initialize the memory to zero.
131  *
132  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
133  * multiplying \c sizeof(type) and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
134  *
135  * This is equivalent to:
136  * \code
137  * ((type *) ralloc_array_size(ctx, sizeof(type), count)
138  * \endcode
139  */
140 #define ralloc_array(ctx, type, count) \
141    ((type *) ralloc_array_size(ctx, sizeof(type), count))
142 
143 /**
144  * \def rzalloc_array(ctx, type, count)
145  * Allocate a zero-initialized array chained off the given context.
146  *
147  * Similar to \c calloc.
148  *
149  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
150  * multiplying \c sizeof(type) and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
151  *
152  * This is equivalent to:
153  * \code
154  * ((type *) rzalloc_array_size(ctx, sizeof(type), count)
155  * \endcode
156  */
157 #define rzalloc_array(ctx, type, count) \
158    ((type *) rzalloc_array_size(ctx, sizeof(type), count))
159 
160 /**
161  * \def reralloc(ctx, ptr, type, count)
162  * Resize a ralloc-managed array, preserving data.
163  *
164  * Similar to \c realloc.  Unlike C89, passing 0 for \p size does not free the
165  * memory.  Instead, it resizes it to a 0-byte ralloc context, just like
166  * calling ralloc_size(ctx, 0).  This is different from talloc.
167  *
168  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
169  * multiplying \c sizeof(type) and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
170  *
171  * \param ctx   The context to use for new allocation.  If \p ptr != NULL,
172  *              it must be the same as ralloc_parent(\p ptr).
173  * \param ptr   Pointer to the array to be resized.  May be NULL.
174  * \param type  The element type.
175  * \param count The number of elements to allocate.
176  */
177 #define reralloc(ctx, ptr, type, count) \
178    ((type *) reralloc_array_size(ctx, ptr, sizeof(type), count))
179 
180 /**
181  * Allocate memory for an array chained off the given context.
182  *
183  * Similar to \c calloc, but does not initialize the memory to zero.
184  *
185  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
186  * multiplying \p size and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
187  */
188 void *ralloc_array_size(const void *ctx, size_t size, unsigned count);
189 
190 /**
191  * Allocate a zero-initialized array chained off the given context.
192  *
193  * Similar to \c calloc.
194  *
195  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
196  * multiplying \p size and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
197  */
198 void *rzalloc_array_size(const void *ctx, size_t size, unsigned count);
199 
200 /**
201  * Resize a ralloc-managed array, preserving data.
202  *
203  * Similar to \c realloc.  Unlike C89, passing 0 for \p size does not free the
204  * memory.  Instead, it resizes it to a 0-byte ralloc context, just like
205  * calling ralloc_size(ctx, 0).  This is different from talloc.
206  *
207  * More than a convenience function, this also checks for integer overflow when
208  * multiplying \c sizeof(type) and \p count.  This is necessary for security.
209  *
210  * \param ctx   The context to use for new allocation.  If \p ptr != NULL,
211  *              it must be the same as ralloc_parent(\p ptr).
212  * \param ptr   Pointer to the array to be resized.  May be NULL.
213  * \param size  The size of an individual element.
214  * \param count The number of elements to allocate.
215  *
216  * \return True unless allocation failed.
217  */
218 void *reralloc_array_size(const void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size,
219 			  unsigned count);
220 /// @}
221 
222 /**
223  * Free a piece of ralloc-managed memory.
224  *
225  * This will also free the memory of any children allocated this context.
226  */
227 void ralloc_free(void *ptr);
228 
229 /**
230  * "Steal" memory from one context, changing it to another.
231  *
232  * This changes \p ptr's context to \p new_ctx.  This is quite useful if
233  * memory is allocated out of a temporary context.
234  */
235 void ralloc_steal(const void *new_ctx, void *ptr);
236 
237 /**
238  * Return the given pointer's ralloc context.
239  */
240 void *ralloc_parent(const void *ptr);
241 
242 /**
243  * Return a context whose memory will be automatically freed at program exit.
244  *
245  * The first call to this function creates a context and registers a handler
246  * to free it using \c atexit.  This may cause trouble if used in a library
247  * loaded with \c dlopen.
248  */
249 void *ralloc_autofree_context(void);
250 
251 /**
252  * Set a callback to occur just before an object is freed.
253  */
254 void ralloc_set_destructor(const void *ptr, void(*destructor)(void *));
255 
256 /// \defgroup array String Functions @{
257 /**
258  * Duplicate a string, allocating the memory from the given context.
259  */
260 char *ralloc_strdup(const void *ctx, const char *str);
261 
262 /**
263  * Duplicate a string, allocating the memory from the given context.
264  *
265  * Like \c strndup, at most \p n characters are copied.  If \p str is longer
266  * than \p n characters, \p n are copied, and a termining \c '\0' byte is added.
267  */
268 char *ralloc_strndup(const void *ctx, const char *str, size_t n);
269 
270 /**
271  * Concatenate two strings, allocating the necessary space.
272  *
273  * This appends \p str to \p *dest, similar to \c strcat, using ralloc_resize
274  * to expand \p *dest to the appropriate size.  \p dest will be updated to the
275  * new pointer unless allocation fails.
276  *
277  * The result will always be null-terminated.
278  *
279  * \return True unless allocation failed.
280  */
281 bool ralloc_strcat(char **dest, const char *str);
282 
283 /**
284  * Concatenate two strings, allocating the necessary space.
285  *
286  * This appends at most \p n bytes of \p str to \p *dest, using ralloc_resize
287  * to expand \p *dest to the appropriate size.  \p dest will be updated to the
288  * new pointer unless allocation fails.
289  *
290  * The result will always be null-terminated; \p str does not need to be null
291  * terminated if it is longer than \p n.
292  *
293  * \return True unless allocation failed.
294  */
295 bool ralloc_strncat(char **dest, const char *str, size_t n);
296 
297 /**
298  * Print to a string.
299  *
300  * This is analogous to \c sprintf, but allocates enough space (using \p ctx
301  * as the context) for the resulting string.
302  *
303  * \return The newly allocated string.
304  */
305 char *ralloc_asprintf (const void *ctx, const char *fmt, ...) PRINTFLIKE(2, 3);
306 
307 /**
308  * Print to a string, given a va_list.
309  *
310  * This is analogous to \c vsprintf, but allocates enough space (using \p ctx
311  * as the context) for the resulting string.
312  *
313  * \return The newly allocated string.
314  */
315 char *ralloc_vasprintf(const void *ctx, const char *fmt, va_list args);
316 
317 /**
318  * Rewrite the tail of an existing string, starting at a given index.
319  *
320  * Overwrites the contents of *str starting at \p start with newly formatted
321  * text, including a new null-terminator.  Allocates more memory as necessary.
322  *
323  * This can be used to append formatted text when the length of the existing
324  * string is already known, saving a strlen() call.
325  *
326  * \sa ralloc_asprintf_append
327  *
328  * \param str   The string to be updated.
329  * \param start The index to start appending new data at.
330  * \param fmt   A printf-style formatting string
331  *
332  * \p str will be updated to the new pointer unless allocation fails.
333  * \p start will be increased by the length of the newly formatted text.
334  *
335  * \return True unless allocation failed.
336  */
337 bool ralloc_asprintf_rewrite_tail(char **str, size_t *start,
338 				  const char *fmt, ...)
339 				  PRINTFLIKE(3, 4);
340 
341 /**
342  * Rewrite the tail of an existing string, starting at a given index.
343  *
344  * Overwrites the contents of *str starting at \p start with newly formatted
345  * text, including a new null-terminator.  Allocates more memory as necessary.
346  *
347  * This can be used to append formatted text when the length of the existing
348  * string is already known, saving a strlen() call.
349  *
350  * \sa ralloc_vasprintf_append
351  *
352  * \param str   The string to be updated.
353  * \param start The index to start appending new data at.
354  * \param fmt   A printf-style formatting string
355  * \param args  A va_list containing the data to be formatted
356  *
357  * \p str will be updated to the new pointer unless allocation fails.
358  * \p start will be increased by the length of the newly formatted text.
359  *
360  * \return True unless allocation failed.
361  */
362 bool ralloc_vasprintf_rewrite_tail(char **str, size_t *start, const char *fmt,
363 				   va_list args);
364 
365 /**
366  * Append formatted text to the supplied string.
367  *
368  * This is equivalent to
369  * \code
370  * ralloc_asprintf_rewrite_tail(str, strlen(*str), fmt, ...)
371  * \endcode
372  *
373  * \sa ralloc_asprintf
374  * \sa ralloc_asprintf_rewrite_tail
375  * \sa ralloc_strcat
376  *
377  * \p str will be updated to the new pointer unless allocation fails.
378  *
379  * \return True unless allocation failed.
380  */
381 bool ralloc_asprintf_append (char **str, const char *fmt, ...)
382 			     PRINTFLIKE(2, 3);
383 
384 /**
385  * Append formatted text to the supplied string, given a va_list.
386  *
387  * This is equivalent to
388  * \code
389  * ralloc_vasprintf_rewrite_tail(str, strlen(*str), fmt, args)
390  * \endcode
391  *
392  * \sa ralloc_vasprintf
393  * \sa ralloc_vasprintf_rewrite_tail
394  * \sa ralloc_strcat
395  *
396  * \p str will be updated to the new pointer unless allocation fails.
397  *
398  * \return True unless allocation failed.
399  */
400 bool ralloc_vasprintf_append(char **str, const char *fmt, va_list args);
401 /// @}
402 
403 #ifdef __cplusplus
404 } /* end of extern "C" */
405 #endif
406 
407 #endif
408