page.title=NDK Revision History
@jd:body

<p>This page provides information on previous releases of the NDK, enumerating the changes that
took place in each new version.</p>


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<a name="11b"></a>
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   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 11c</a> <em>(March 2016)</em>
 </p>
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<dl>
  <dd>
    <ul>
      <li>Changes
        <ul>
          <li>Applied additional fixes to the {@code ndk-gdb.py} script.
          </li>
          <li>Added an optional package name argument to the {@code ndk-gdb}
            command {@code --attach} option.
            (<a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/13">Issue 13</a>)
          </li>
          <li>Fixed invalid toolchain paths for 32-bit Windows platform.
            (<a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/45">Issue 45</a>)
          </li>
          <li>Fixed the relative path for the {@code ndk-which} command.
            (<a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/29">Issue 29</a>)
          </li>
          <li>Fixed use of cygpath for the libgcc compiler.
            (Android <a href="http://b.android.com/195486">Issue 195486</a>)
          </li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </dd>
</dl>

 </div>
</div>

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<a name="11b"></a>
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   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
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   >Android NDK, Revision 11b</a> <em>(March 2016)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">

    <dl>
      <dt>NDK</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Important announcements
      <ul>
         <li>We’ve moved our bug tracker to <a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues">
         GitHub.</a></li>
     </ul>
     </li>

     <li>Changes
        <ul>
         <li>{@code ndk-gdb.py} is fixed. It had
               <a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/3">regressed entirely</a>
               in r11.</li>
               <li>{@code ndk-gdb} for Mac <a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/2">
               is fixed</a>.</li>
               <li>Added more top-level shortcuts for command line tools:
                  <ul>
                     <li>{@code ndk-depends}.</li>
                     <li>{@code ndk-gdb}.</li>
                     <li>{@code ndk-stack}.</li>
                     <li>{@code ndk-which}. This command had been entirely absent from previous
                     releases.</li>
                  </ul>
               </li>
               <li>Fixed standalone toolchains for libc++, which had been missing
               {@code __cxxabi_config.h}.</li>
               <li>Fixed help documentation for {@code --toolchain} in
               {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh}.</li>
         </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Clang</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Errata</li>
          <ul>
             <li>Contrary to what we reported in the r11 Release Notes, {@code __thread}
             does not work. This is because the version of Clang we ship is missing a bug fix for
             emulated TLS support.</li>
          </ul>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   </dl>


 </div>
</div>

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     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 11</a> <em>(March 2016)</em>
 </p>
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    <dl>
      <dt>Clang</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Important announcements
      <ul>
         <li>We strongly recommend switching to Clang.
            <ul>
                 <li>If you experience problems with Clang, file bugs
         <a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues">here</a> for issues
         specific to Clang in the NDK. For more general Clang issues,
         file bugs by following the instructions on
         <a href="http://llvm.org/docs/HowToSubmitABug.html">this page</a>.</li>
            </ul>
         </li>
         <li>Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r243773, build 2481030).
            <ul>
               <li>This version is a nearly pure upstream Clang.</li>
               <li>The Windows 64-bit downloadable NDK package contains a 32-bit
               version of Clang.</li>
            </ul>
         </li>
     </ul>
     </li>

     <li>Additions
        <ul>
         <li>Clang now provides support for emulated TLS.
            <ul>
               <li>The compiler now supports {@code __thread} by emulating
               ELF TLS with pthread thread-specific data.</li>
               <li>C++11 {@code thread_local} works in some cases, but not
               for data with non-trivial destructors, because those cases
               require support from libc. This limitation does not
               apply when running on Android 6.0 (API level 23) or newer.</li>
               <li>Emulated TLS does not yet work with Aarch64 when
               TLS variables are accessed from a shared library.</li>
            </ul>
         </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>
   </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>GCC</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Important announcements</li>
          <ul>
             <li>GCC in the NDK is now deprecated in favor of Clang.
            <ul>
               <li>The NDK will neither be upgrading to 5.x, nor accept
               non-critical backports.</li>
               <li>Maintenance for miscompiles and internal compiler errors
               in 4.9 will be handled on a case by case basis.</li>
            </ul>
            </li>
          </ul>
      <li>Removals
         <ul>
         <li>Removed GCC 4.8. All targets now use GCC 4.9.</li>
         </ul>
       </li>
      <li>Other changes
         <ul>
         <li>Synchronized google/gcc-4_9 to r224707. Previously, it had been
         synchronized with r214835.</li>
         </ul>
       </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>
   </dl>
    <dl>
      <dt>NDK</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Important announcements
         <ul>
            <li>The samples are no longer included in the NDK package.
            They are instead available on
            <a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/android-ndk">GitHub.</a>
            </li>
            <li>The documentation is no longer included in the NDK package.
            Instead, it is on the <a href="{@docRoot}ndk/index.html">Android
            developer website.</a></li>
         </ul>
      </li>

      <li>Additions
          <ul>
         <li>Added a native tracing API to {@code android-23}.</li>
         <li>Added a native multinetwork API to {@code android-23}.</li>
         <li>Enabled libc, m, and dl to provide versioned symbols, starting
         from API level 21.</li>
         <li>Added Vulkan headers and library to API level N.</li>
          </ul>
       </li>

      <li>Removals
          <ul>
         <li>Removed support for {@code _WCHAR_IS_8BIT}.</li>
         <li>Removed sed.</li>
         <li>Removed mclinker.</li>
         <li>Removed Perl.</li>
         <li>Removed from all versions of NDK libc, m, and dl all symbols which
         the platform versions of those libs do not support.</li>
         <li>Partially removed support for mips64r2. The rest will be removed
         in the future.</li>
          </ul>
       </li>

      <li>Other changes
          <ul>
            <li>Changed ARM standalone toolchains to default to arm7.
               <ul>
                  <li>You can restore the old behavior by passing specifying the
                  {@code -target} option as {@code armv5te-linux-androideabi}.
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </li>
         <li>Changed the build system to use {@code -isystem} for platform
         includes.
            <ul>
               <li>Warnings that bionic causes no longer break app builds.</li>
            </ul>
         </li>
         <li>Fixed a segfault that occurred when a binary threw exceptions
         via gabi++. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/179410">179410</a>)
         </li>
         <li>Changed libc++’s inline namespace to {@code std::__ndk1}
         to prevent ODR issues with platform libc++.</li>

         <li>All libc++ libraries are now built with libc++abi.
         <li>Bumped default {@code APP_PLATFORM} to Gingerbread.
            <ul>
               <li>Expect support for Froyo and older to be dropped in a
               future release.</ul>
            </ul>
         <li>Updated gabi++ {@code _Unwind_Exception} struct for 64 bits.
         <li>Added the following capabilities to cpufeatures:
            <ul>
            <li>Detect SSE4.1 and SSE4.2.</li>
            <li>Detect cpu features on x86_64.</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
         <li>Updated libc++abi to upstream
         <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/cfe-commits/Week-of-Mon-20150302/124603.html">
         r231075</a>.
         <li>Updated {@code byteswap.h}, {@code endian.h}, {@code sys/procfs.h},
         {@code sys/ucontext.h}, {@code sys/user.h}, and {@code uchar.h} from
         ToT Bionic.
         <li>Synchronized {@code sys/cdefs.h} across all API levels.

         <li>Fixed {@code fegetenv and fesetenv} for arm.
         <li>Fix end pointer size/alignment of {@code crtend_*} for mips64
         and x86_64.
          </ul>
       </li>
      </ul>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   <dl>
    <dl>
      <dt>Binutils</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>Additions
         <ul>
         <li>Added a new option: {@code --pic-veneer}.</li>
         </ul>
       </li>

      <li>Removals
         <ul>
         <li>The 32-bit Windows package no longer contains ld.gold.
         You can instead get ld.gold from the 64-bit Windows package.</li>
         </ul>
       </li>

      <li>Changes
          <ul>
             <li>Unified binutils source between Android and ChromiumOS.
             For more information on this change, see the comments
             <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/182865/">
             here.</a></li>
             <li>Improved reliability of Gold for aarch64. Use
             {@code -fuse-ld=gold} at link time to use gold instead of bfd.
             The default will likely switch in the next release.</li>
             <li>Improved linking time for huge binaries for Gold ARM back end
             (up to 50% linking time reduction for debuggable Chrome Browser).
             </li>
          </ul>
     </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>
         <dl>
    <dl>
      <dt>GDB</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>

      <li>Removals
         <ul>
         <li>Removed ndk-gdb in favor of ndk-gdb.py.</li>
         </ul>
       </li>

      <li>Changes
          <ul>
              <li>Updated gdb to version 7.10.</li>
              <li>Improved performance.</li>
              <li>Improved error messages.</li>
              <li>Fixed relative project paths.</li>
              <li>Stopped Ctrl-C from killing the backgrounded gdbserver.</li>
              <li>Improved Windows support.</li>
          </ul>
     </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>

               <dl>
    <dl>
      <dt>YASM</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>

      <li>Changes
          <ul>
              <li>Updated YASM to version 1.3.0.</li>
          </ul>
     </li>
       </ul>
      </dd>

        <dl>
    <dl>
      <dt>Known issues</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
      <li>x86 ASAN does not currently work. For more information, see the
      discussion <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/186276/">
      here.</a></li>
      <li>The combination of Clang, x86, stlport_static, and optimization
      levels higher than {@code -O0} causes test failures with
      {@code dynamic_cast}. For more information, see the comments
      <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/185920">here</a>.
      </li>
      <li>Exception handling often fails with c++_shared on ARM32. The root
      cause is incompatibility between the LLVM unwinder that libc++abi uses
      for ARM32 and libgcc. This behavior is not a regression from r10e.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>
   </dl>

 </div>
</div>

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 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 10e</a> <em>(May 2015)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Integrated the workaround for Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 into the
        {@code aarch64-linux-android-4.9} linker. For more information on this workaround, see
        <a href="https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2015-03/msg00446.html">Workaround for cortex-a53
        erratum 843419.</a></li>

         <li>Added Clang 3.6; {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang} now picks that version
         of Clang by default.</li>

         <li>Removed Clang 3.4.</li>

         <li>Removed GCC 4.6.</li>

         <li>Implemented multithreading support in {@code ld.gold} for all architectures. It can
         now link with or without support for multithreading; the default is to do it without.
            <ul>
            <li>To compile with multithreading, use the {@code --threads} option.</li>
            <li>To compile without multithreading, use the {@code --no-threads} option.</li>
            </ul>
            </li>

         <li>Upgraded GDB/gdbserver to 7.7 for all architectures.</li>

         <li>Removed the NDK package for 32-bit Darwin.</li>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   <dl>


     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Fixed a crash that occurred when there were OpenMP loops outside of the main thread.</li>

        <li>Fixed a GCC 4.9 internal compiler error (<i>ICE</i>) that occured when the user declared
        {@code #pragma GCC optimize ("O0")}, but had a different level of optimization specified
        on the command line. The {@code pragma} takes precedence.</li>

        <li>Fixed an error that used to produce a crash with the following error message:
<pre>
in add_stores, at var-tracking.c:6000
</pre>
        </li>

        <li>Implemented a workaround for a Clang 3.5 issue in which LLVM auto-vectorization
        generates {@code llvm.cttz.v2i64()}, an instruction with no counterpart in the ARM
        instruction set.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Made the following header and library fixes:</li>
           <ul>
           <li>Fixed {@code PROPERTY_*} in {@code media/NdkMediaDrm.h}.</li>
           <li>Fixed {@code sys/ucontext.h} for {@code mips64}.</li>
           <li>Dropped the Clang version check for {@code __builtin_isnan} and
           {@code __builtin_isinf}.</li>
           <li>Added {@code android-21/arch-mips/usr/include/asm/reg.h}
           and {@code android-21/arch-mips64/usr/include/asm/reg.h}.</li>
           </ul>
           </li>

        <li>Fixed a spurious array-bounds warning that GCC 4.9 produced for x86, and reenabled the
        array bounds warning that GCC 4.9 had produced for ARM. The warning for ARM had
        previously been unconditionally disabled.</li>

        <li>Fixed Clang 3.5 for {@code mips} and {@code mips64} to create a writable
            {@code .gcc_except_table} section, thus matching GCC behavior. This change allows you
            to avoid the following linker warning:

<pre>
.../ld: warning: creating a DT_TEXTREL in a shared object
</pre>
            </li>

        <li>Backported a fix for {@code compiler-rt} issues that were causing crashes when Clang
        compiled for {@code mips64}. For more information, see LLVM Issue
        <a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=20098">20098</a>.</li>

        <li>Fixed Clang 3.5 crashes that occurred on non-ASCII comments. (Issue
        <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=81440">81440</a>)</li>

        <li>Fixed {@code stlport collate::compare} to return {@code -1} and {@code 1}. Previously,
        it had returned arbitrary signed numbers.</li>

        <li>Fixed {@code ndk-gdb} for 64-bit ABIs. (Issue
        <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=118300">118300</a>)</li>

        <li>Fixed the crash that the HelloComputeNDK sample for RenderScript was producing on
        Android 4.4 (Android API level 19). For more information, see
        <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28057049/targeting-pre-lollipop-devices-using-renderscript-from-ndk-c">this page</a>.</li>

        <li>Fixed {@code libc++ __wrap_iter} for GCC. For more information, see LLVM Issue
        <a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=22355">22355</a>.</li>

        <li>Fixed {@code .asm} support for ABI {@code x86_64}.</li>

        <li>Implemented a workaround for the GCC 4.8 {@code stlport} issue. (Issue
        <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/127773">127773</a>)</li>

        <li>Removed the trailing directory separator {@code \\} from the project path in Windows.
        (Issue <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=160584">160584</a>)
        </li>

        <li>Fixed a {@code no rule to make target} error that occurred when compiling a single
        {@code .c} file by executing the {@code ndk-build.cmd} command from {@code gradle}. (Issue
        <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=66937">66937</a>)</li>

        <li>Added the {@code libatomic.a} and {@code libgomp.a} libraries that had been missing from
        the following host toolchains:
        <ul>
           <li>{@code aarch64-linux-android-4.9}</li>
           <li>{@code mips64el-linux-android-4.9}</li>
           <li>{@code mipsel-linux-android-4.9}</li>
           <li>{@code x86_64-4.9}</li>
        </ul>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
       <ul>
       <li>Added {@code ld.gold} for {@code aarch64}. The default linker remains {@code ld.bfd}.
       To explicitly enable {@code ld.gold}, add {@code -fuse-ld=gold} to the
       {@code LOCAL_LDFLAGS} or {@code APP_LDFLAGS} variable.</li>

       <li>Built the MIPS and MIPS64 toolchains with {@code binutils-2.25}, which provides improved
       R6 support.</li>

       <li>Made {@code -fstandalone-debug} (full debug info) a default option for Clang.</li>

       <li>Replaced {@code -fstack-protector} with {@code -fstack-protector-strong} for
       the ARM, AArch64, X86, and X86_64 toolchains for GCC 4.9, Clang 3.5, and
       Clang 3.6.</li>

       <li>Added the {@code --package} command-line switch to {@code ndk-gdb} to allow the build
       system to override the package name. (Issue
       <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=56189">56189</a>)</li>

       <li> Deprecated {@code -mno-ldc1-stc1} for MIPS.  This option may not work with the new
       {@code -fpxx} and {@code -mno-odd-spreg} options, or with the FPXX ABI.</li>

       <li>Added MIPS MSA and R6 detection to {@code cpu-features}.</li>

     </ul>
     </dd>
   </dl>

 </div>
</div>

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<a name="10d"></a>
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     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 10d</a> <em>(December 2014)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Made GCC 4.8 the default for all 32-bit ABIs.  Deprecated GCC 4.6, and
            will remove it next release. To restore previous behavior, either add
            <code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.6</code> to ndk-build, or
            add <code>--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.6</code> when executing
            <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> on the command line. GCC 4.9 remains the
            default for 64-bit ABIs.</li>

         <li>Stopped all x86[_64] toolchains from adding <code>-mstackrealign</code> by default. The
             NDK toolchain assumes a 16-byte stack alignment. The tools and options used by default
             enforce this rule. A user writing assembly code must make sure to preserve stack
             alignment, and ensure that other compilers also comply with this rule.
             (GCC bug <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=38496">38496</a>)</li>

         <li>Added Address Sanitizer functionality to Clang 3.5 support to the ARM and x86 ABIs.
             For more information on this change, see the
             <a href="https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/Android">Address
             Sanitizer</a> project.</li>

         <li>Introduced the requirement, starting from API level 21, to use <code>-fPIE -pie
             </code> when building. In API levels 16 and higher, ndk-build uses <code>PIE</code>
             when building. This change has a number of implications, which are discussed in
             <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android-developer-preview/issues/detail?id=888">
             Developer Preview Issue 888</a>.
             These implications do not apply to shared libraries.</li>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   <dl>


     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Made more fixes related to
            <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2014-10/msg00906.html">
            A53 Errata #835769</a> in the aarch64-linux-android-4.9 linker. As part of this, GCC
            passes a new option, <code>--fix-cortex-a53-835769</code>, when
            <code>-mfix-cortex-a53-835769</code> (enabled by default) is specified.
            For more information, see this
            <a href="https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2014-10/msg00198.html">binutils message</a>
            and this
            <a href="https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2014-11/msg00287.html">binutils message</a>.
            </li>

        <li>Documented a fix to a libc++ <code>sscanf/vsscanf</code> hang that occurred in API level
            21. The fix itself had been implemented in r10c.
            (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77988">77988</a>)</li>

        <li>Fixed an AutoFDO (<code>-fauto-profile</code>) crash that occurred with GCC 4.9 when
            <code>-Os</code> was specified. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77571">77571</a>)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>


     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Made the following header and library fixes:</li>
           <ul>
        <li>Added <code>posix_memalign</code> to API level 16. Also, added a prototype in
            <code>stdlib.h</code> to API levels 16 to 19.
            (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77861">77861</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed <code>stdatomic.h</code> so that it includes <code>&lt;atomic&gt;</code> only for
            C++11.</li>
        <li>Modified the following headers for standalone use: <code>sys/user.h</code>, and
            <code>gl2ext.h</code>, <code>dlext.h</code>, <code>fts.h</code>, <code>sgidefs.h</code>
            for API level 21.</li>
        <li>Modified <code>sys/user.h</code> to rename <code>mxcsr_mask</code> as <code>mxcr_mask</code>,
            and to change the data type for <code>u_ar0</code></li> from <code>unsigned long</code>
            to </code>struct user_regs_struct*</code>.
        <li>Changed <code>sysconf()</code> return value type from <code>int</code> to
            <code>long</code>.</li>
           </ul>

        <li>Fixed ndk-build's handling of <code>thumb</code> for <code>LOCAL_ARM_MODE</code>: In
            r10d, ndk-build adds <code>LOCAL_LDFLAGS+=-mthumb</code> by default, unless one of the
            following conditions applies:</li>
          <ul>
            <li>You have set <code>LOCAL_ARM_MODE</code> equal to <code>arm</code>.</li>
            <li>You are doing a debug build (with settings such as <code>APP_OPTIM=debug</code> and
            <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> containing <code>android:debuggable="true"</code>),
            where ARM mode is the default in order to retain compatibility with earlier toolchains.
            (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/74040">74040</a>)</li>
          </ul>

        <li>Fixed <code>LOCAL_SRC_FILES</code> in ndk-build to use Windows absolute paths.
            (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/74333">74333</a>)</li>

        <li>Removed bash-specific code from ndk-gdb. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/73338">73338</a>)</li>

        <li>Removed bash-specific code from <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code>.
            (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/74145">74145)</a></li>

        <li>Revised documentation concerning a fix for <code>System.loadLibrary()</code> transitive
            dependencies. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/41790">41790</a>)</li>

        <li>Fixed a problem that was preventing 64-bit packages from extracting on Ubuntu 14.04 and
            OS X 10.10 (Yosemite). (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/78148">78148</a>)</li>

        <li>Fixed an issue with <code>LOCAL_PCH</code> to improve Clang support. (Issue
            <a href="http://b.android.com/77575">77575</a>)</li>

        <li>Clarified "requires executable stack" warning from ld.gold. (Issue
            <a href="http://b.android.com/79115">79115</a>)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

   </dl>
 </div>
</div>







<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="10c"></a>
 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 10c</a> <em>(October 2014)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
 <li>Made the following changes to download structure:</li>
       <ul>
       <li>Each package now contains both the 32- and the 64-bit headers, libraries, and tools for
       its respective platform.</li>
       <li>STL libraries with debugging info no longer need be downloaded separately.</li>
       </ul>
  <li>Changed everything previously called <code>Android-L</code> to the official release
  designation: <code>android-21</code>.</li>
  <li>Updated GCC 4.9 by rebasing to the <code>google</code> branch
  of the GCC repository. Major differences from the upstream version of GCC 4.9 include:</li>

  <ul>
  <li>The <code>-O2</code> option now turns on vectorization, without loop peeling but with more
  aggressive unrolling.</li>
  <li>Enhancements to FDO and <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/LightweightIpo#LIPO_-_Profile_Feedback_Based_Lightweight_IPO">
  LIPO</a></li>
  <p>For more detailed information, see <em>Important bug fixes</em> below.</p>
  </ul>

  <li>Added Clang 3.5 support to all hosts: <code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang</code>
  now picks Clang 3.5. Note that:</li>
  <ul>

  <li>ARM and x86 default to using the integrated assembler. If this causes issues, use
  <code>-fno-integrated-as</code> as a workaround.</code>
  <li>Clang 3.5 issues more warnings for unused flags, such as the <code>-finline-functions</code>
  option that GCC supports.</li>
  <p>When migrating from projects using GCC, you can use
  <code>-Wno-invalid-command-line-argument</code> and <code>-Wno-unused-command-line-argument</code>
  to ignore the unused flags until you're able decide on what to do with them longer-term.</p>

     </ul>
  <li>Made it possible to enter ART debugging mode, when debugging on an Android 5.0 device using
  ART as its virtual machine, by specifying the <code>art-on</code> option. For more information,
  see <code>prebuilt/common/gdb/common.setup</code> in the directory containing the NDK.</li>
  <li>Removed support for Clang 3.3.</li>
  <li>Deprecated GCC 4.6, and may remove it from future releases.</li>
  <li>Updated mclinker to 2.8 with Identical Code Folding ("ICF") support. Specify ICF using the
  <code>--icf</code> option.</li>
  <li>Broadened <code>arm_neon.h</code> support in x86 and x86_64, attaining coverage of ~93% of
  NEON intrinsics. For more information about NEON support:
     <ul>
     <li>Navigate to the NDK Programmer's Guide (<code>docs/Programmers_Guide/html/</code>), and see
     Architectures and CPUs > Neon.</li>
     <li>Examine the updated <code>hello-neon</code> sample in <code>samples/</code>.
     <li>See Intel's guide to <a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2012/12/12/from-arm-neon-to-intel-mmxsse-automatic-porting-solution-tips-and-tricks"> porting from ARM NEON to Intel SSE.</a></li>
     </ul>
  <li>Documented support for <code>_FORTIFY_SOURCE</code> in <code>headers/libs/android-21</code>,
  which appeared in r10 (when <code>android-21</code> was still called <code>Android-L</code>),
  but had no documentation.</li>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   <dl>


     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/aarch64 that was causing the following
       error message (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77564">77564</a>):</li>
<pre>
internal compiler error: in simplify_const_unary_operation, at simplify-rtx.c:1539
</pre>
       <li>Fixed incorrect code generation from GCC4.9/arm. (Issue
       <a href="http://b.android.com/77567">77567<a>)</li>
       <li>Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/mips involving inline-assembly. (Issue
       <a href="http://b.android.com/77568">77568</a>)</li>
       <li>Fixed incorrect code that GCC4.9/arm was generating for <code>x = (cond) ? y : x</code>.
       (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77569">77569</a>)</li>
       <li>Fixed GCC4.9/aarch64 and Clang3.5/aarch64 to work around the
       <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-commits/Week-of-Mon-20141006/116322.html">
       Cortex-A53 erratum (835769)</a>  by default.  Disable the workaround by specifying
       <code>-mno-fix-cortex-a53-835769</code>.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>


     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
     <li>Made the following header and library fixes to <code>android-21</code>:
        <ul>

        <li>Added more TV keycodes: <code>android/keycodes.h</code></li>
        <li>Added more constants and six new sensor functions to <code>android/sensor.h</code>:
        <code>ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx</code>, <code>ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount</code>,
        <code>ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount</code>, <code>ASensor_getStringType</code>,
        <code>ASensor_getReportingMode</code>, and <code>ASensor_isWakeUpSensor</code>.</li>
        <li>Fixed <code>stdatomic.h</code> to improve compatibility with GCC 4.6, and provide support
        for the <code>&lt;atomic&gt;</code> header.</li>
        <li>Added <code>sys/ucontext.h</code> and <code>sys/user.h</code> to all API levels. The
        <code>signal.h</code> header now includes <code>&lt;sys/ucontext.h&gt;</code>.  You may
        remove any existing definition of <code>struct ucontext</code>.</li>
        <li>Added <code>posix_memalign</code> to API levels 17, 18, and 19.</li>
        <li>Added the following functions to all architectures:
        <code>android_set_abort_message</code>, <code>posix_fadvise</code>,
        <code>posix_fadvise64</code>, <code>pthread_gettid_np</code>.</li>
        <li>Added the required permissions to the <code>native-media/AndroidManifest.xml</code>
        sample.
        (Issue <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/106640/">106640</a>)</li>
        <li>Added <code>clock_nanosleep</code> and <code>clock_settime</code> to API level 21. (Issue
        <a href="http://b.android.com/77372">77372</a>)
        <li>Removed the following symbols from all architectures:
        <code>get_malloc_leak_info</code>, <code>free_malloc_leak_info</code>,
        <code>__srget</code>, <code>__swbuf</code>, <code>__srefill</code>, <code>__swsetup</code>,
        <code>__sdidinit</code>, <code>__sflags</code>, <code>__sfp</code>,
        <code>__sinit</code>, <code>__smakebuf</code>, <code>__sflush</code>, <code>__sread</code>,
        <code>__swrite</code>, <code>__sseek</code>, <code>__sclose</code>,
        <code>_fwalk</code>, <code>__sglue</code>, <code>__get_thread</code>, <code>__wait4</code>,
        <code>__futex_wake</code>, <code>__open</code>, <code>__get_tls</code>,
        <code>__getdents64</code>, and <code>dlmalloc</code>.</li>
        <li>Removed the following functions from the 64-bit architectures: <code>basename_r</code>,
        <code>dirname_r</code>, <code>__isthreaded</code>, <code>_flush_cache</code> (mips64).</li>
        <li>Removed the following function from the 32-bit architectures:
        <code>__signalfd4</code>.</li>
        <li>Changed the type of the third argument from <code>size_t</code> to <code>int</code> in
        the following functions: <code>strtoll_l</code>, <code>strtoull_l</code>,
        <code>wcstoll_l</code>, and <code>wcstoull_l</code>.</li>
        <li>Restored the following functions to the 64-bit architecture: <code>arc4random</code>,
        <code>arc4random_buf</code>, and <code>arc4random_uniform</code>.</li>
        <li>Moved <code>cxa_*</code> and the <code>new</code> and <code>delete</code> operators back
        to <code>libstdc++.so</code>. This change restores r9d behavior; previous versions of r10
        contained dummy files.</li>

        </ul>
     <li>Restored MXU support in GCC 4.8 and 4.9 for mips. This support had been absent from
     r10 and r10b because those versions of GCC had been compiled with binutils-2.24, which did
     not support MXU. It now does.</li>
     <li>Fixed <code>--toolchain=</code> in <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> so that it
     now properly supports use of a suffix specifying a version of Clang.</li>
     <li>Fixed the libc++/armeabi <code>strtod()</code> functions.</li>
     <li>Made fixes to NDK documentation in <code>docs/</code>.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
       <ul>
       <li>Enhanced <code>cpu-features</code> to detect ARMv8 support for the following
       instruction sets: AES, CRC32, SHA2, SHA1, and 64-bit PMULL/PMULL2. (Issue
       <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/106360/">106360</a>)</li>

       <li>Modified ndk-build to use <code>*-gcc-ar</code>, which is available in GCC 4.8, GCC 4.9, and
       Clang. Clang specifies it, instead of <code>*-ar</code>. This setting brings improved LTO
       support.</li>

       <li>Removed the <code>include-fixed/linux/a.out.h</code> and
       <code>include-fixed/linux/compiler.h</code> headers from the GCC compiler.
       (Issue <a href ="http://b.android.com/73728">73728</a>)</li>

       <li>Fixed an issue related to <code>-flto</code> with GCC 4.8 on Mac OS X. The error message
       read:</li>

       <pre>
.../ld: error: .../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9/liblto_plugin.so
Symbol not found: _environ
</pre>

       <li>Fixed a typo in <code>build-binary.mk.</code> (Issue
       <a href="http://b.android.com/76992">76992</a>)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

   <dt>Important known issues:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
     <li>Specifying -Os (<code>-fauto-profile</code>) in GCC4.9 may cause crashing.
     (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77571">77571</a>)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

   </dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="10b"></a>
 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 10b</a> <em>(September 2014)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
   <dl>

        <dt>Important notes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
      <li>Because of the 512MB size restriction on downloadable packages, the following 32-bit items are not in the 32-bit NDK download packages. Instead, they reside in the 64-bit ones:</li>
      <ul>
      <li>Android-L headers</li>
      <li>GCC 4.9</li>
      </ul>
     <li>Currently, the only Renderscript support provided by the NDK is for 32-bit Renderscript with Android 4.4 (API level 19). You cannot build HelloComputeNDK (the only Renderscript sample) with any other combination of Renderscript (32- or 64-bit) and Android version.</li>
     <li>To compile native-codec, you must use a 64-bit NDK package, which is where all the Android-L headers are located. </li>
     </ul>
     </dd>


     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
     <li>Fixed gdb 7.6 in GCC 4.8/4.9. (Issues <a href="http://b.android.com/74112">74112</a> and <a href="http://b.android.com/74371">74371</a>.)</li>
     <li>Fixed GCC 4.8/4.9 for x86, so that they no longer enable <code>-msse4.2</code> and <code>-mpopcnt</code> by default. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/73843">73843</a>.)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
     <li>Removed <code>stdio.h</code> from the <code>include-fixed/</code> directories of all versions of GCC. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/73728">73728</a>.)</li>
     <li>Removed duplicate header files from the Windows packages in the <code>platforms/android-L/arch-*/usr/include/linux/netfilter*/</code> directories. (Issue <a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=73704">73704</a>.)</li>
     <li>Fixed a problem that prevented Clang from building HelloComputeNDK.</li>
     <li>Fixed atexit. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/66595">66595</a>.)</li>
     <li>Made various fixes to the docs in <code>docs/</code> and <code>sources/third_party/googletest/README.NDK</code>. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/74069">74069</a>.)</li>
     <li>Made the following fixes to the Android-L headers:</li>
     <ol>
     <li>Added the following functions to <code>ctype.h</code> and <code>wchar.h</code>: <code>dn_expand()</code>, <code>grantpt()</code>, <code> inet_nsap_addr()</code>, <code>inet_nsap_ntoa()</code>, <code>insque()</code>, <code>nsdispatch()</code>, <code>posix_openpt()</code>, <code>__pthread_cleanup_pop()</code>, <code>__pthread_cleanup_push()</code>, <code>remque()</code>, <code>setfsgid()</code>, <code>setfsuid()</code>, <code>splice()</code>, <code>tee()</code>, <code>twalk()</code> (Issue <a href = "http://b.android.com/73719">73719</a>), and 42 <code>*_l()</code> functions.</li>

    <li>Renamed <code>cmsg_nxthdr</code> to <code>__cmsg_nxthdr</code>.</li>

    <li>Removed <code>__libc_malloc_dispatch</code>.</li>

    <li>Changed the <code>ptrace()</code> prototype to <code>long ptrace(int, ...);</code>.</li>

    <li>Removed <code>sha1.h</code>.</li>

    <li>Extended <code>android_dlextinfo</code> in <code>android/dlext.h</code>.</li>

    <li>Annotated <code>__NDK_FPABI__</code> for functions receiving or returning float- or double-type values in <code>stdlib.h</code>, <code>time.h</code>, <code>wchar.h</code>, and <code>complex.h</code>.</li>
    </ol>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Updated <code>mipsel-linux-android-4.9</code> and <code>mips64el-linux-android-4.9</code>, implementing a new multilib directory layout, and providing support for gdb-7.7</li>
        <li>Enhanced <code>cpu-features</code> to detect more arm64 features.  (Change list <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/100339">100339</a>.)</li>
     </dd>
     </ul>

   </dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="10"></a>
 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 10</a> <em>(July 2014)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Added 3 new ABIs, all 64-bit: arm64-v8a, x86_64, mips64.</li> Note that:
        <ul>
           <li>GCC 4.9 is the default compiler for 64-bit ABIs. Clang is currently version 3.4.
<code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang</code>
      may not work for arm64-v8a and mips64.</li>
           <li>Android-L is the first level with 64-bit support.  Note that this API
level is a temporary one, and only for L-preview. An actual API level number will replace it at
L-release.</li>
           <li>This release includes now includes <code>all32</code> and <code>all64</code>
settings for <code>APP_ABI</code>.
              <ul>
              <li><code>APP_ABI=all32</code> is equivalent to
<code>APP_ABI=armeabi,armeabi-v7a,x86,mips</code>.</li>
              <li><code>APP_ABI=all64</code> is equivalent to
<code>APP_ABI=arm64-v8a,x86_64,mips64</code>.</li>
              <li><code>APP_ABI=all</code> selects all ABIs.</li>
              </ul>
           <li>The new GNU libstdc++ in Android-L contains all <code>&lt;tr1/cmath&gt;</code>
Before defining your own math function, check <code>_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1</code> to see a
function with that name already exists, in order to avoid "multiple definition" errors from the
linker.</li>
           <li>The cpu-features library has been updated for the ARMv8 kernel.  The existing
cpu-features library may fail to detect the presence of NEON on the ARMv8 platform. Recompile your
code with the new version.</li>
        </ul>
        <li>Added a new <code>platforms/android-L/</code> API directory. It includes:</li>
        <ul>
           <li>Updated Bionic headers, which had not changed from Android API levels 3
(Cupcake) to 19 (KitKat). This new version, for level L, is to be synchronized with AOSP.</li>
           <li>New media APIs and a native-codec sample.</li>
           <li>An updated <code>Android.h</code> header for SLES/OpenSLES, enabling support for
single-precision, floating-point audio format in AudioPlayer.</li>
           <li>GLES 3.1 and AEP extensions to <code>libGLESv3.so.</code></li>
           <li>GLES2 and GLES3 headers updated to the latest official Khronos versions.</li>
        </ul>
        <li>Added GCC 4.9 compilers to the 32-/64-bit ABIs.  GCC 4.9 is the default (only) compiler
for 64-bit ABIs, as previously mentioned.  For 32-bit ABIs, you must explcitly enable GCC 4.9, as
GCC 4.6 is still the default.</li>
        <ul>
           <li>For ndk-build, enable 32-bit, GCC 4.9 building either by adding
<code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.9</code> to <code>Application.mk</code>, or exporting it as an
environment variable from the command line.</li>
           <li>For a standalone toolchain, use the <code>--toolchain=</code> option in the
<code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> script. For example: <code>--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.9.</code></li>
        </ul>
        <li>Upgraded GDB to version 7.6 in GCC 4.8/4.9 and x86*. Since GDB is still at version GDB-7.3.x in
GCC 4.6 (the default for ARM and MIPS), you must set
<code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.8</code> or <code>4.9</code> to enable ndk-gdb to select GDB 7.6.</li>
        <li>Added the <code>-mssse3</code> build option to provide SSSE3 support, and made it the default for ABI x86
(upgrading from SSE3). The image released by Google does not contain SSSE3 instructions.</li>
        <li>Updated GCC 4.8 to 4.8.3.</li>
        <li>Improved ARM libc++ EH support by switching from gabi++ to libc++abi. For details, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation.
  Note that:</li>
        <ul>
           <li>All tests except for locale now pass for Clang 3.4 and GCC 4.8. For more
information, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation.</li>
           <li>The libc++ libraries for X86 and MIPS libc++ still use gabi++.</li>
           <li>GCC 4.7 and later can now use &lt;atomic&gt;.</li>
           <li>You must add <code>-fno-strict-aliasing</code> if you use <code> &lt;list&gt;</code>, because <code>__list_imp::_end</code>_ breaks
      TBAA rules.  (Issue <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61571">61571</a>.)</li>
           <li>As of GCC 4.6, LIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD:=true no longer rebuilds libc++. Rebuilding it
requires the use of a different compiler. Note that Clang 3.3 is untested.</li>
        </ul>
        <li>mclinker is now version 2.7, and has aarch64 Linux support.</li>
        <li>Added precompiled header support for headers specified by <code>LOCAL_PCH</code>.  (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/25412">25412</a>).</li>
      </dd>
   <dl>


     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Fixed libc++ so that it now compiles <code>std::feof</code>, etc. (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/66668">66668</a>).</li>
       <li>Fixed a Clang 3.3/3.4 atomic library call that caused crashes in some of the libc++
tests for ABI armeabi.</li>
       <li>Fixed Clang 3.4 crashes that were occurring on reading precompiled headers. (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/66657">66657</a>).</li>
       <li>Fixed the Clang 3.3/3.4 <code>-O3</code> assert on:</li>
       <code>llvm-3.2/llvm/include/llvm/MDBuilder.h:64: llvm::MDNode*
llvm::MDBuilder::createBranchWeights(llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned int>): Assertion Weights.size() >= 2
&& "Need at least two branch weights!"</code> (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/57381">57381</a>).
       <li>Fixed the following Clang 3.3/3.4 crash:</li>
       <code>Assertion failed: (!Fn && "cast failed but able to resolve overload expression!!"), function CheckCXXCStyleCast, file
Volumes/data/ndk-toolchain/src/llvm-3.3/llvm/tools/clang/lib/Sema/SemaCast.cpp, line 2018</code>.
(Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/66950">66950</a>).
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Fixed headers:</li>
       <ul>
          <li>Fixed 32-bit <code>ssize_t</code> to be <code>int</code> instead of <code>long
int</code>.</li>
          <li>Fixed <code>WCHAR_MIN</code> and <code>WCHAR_MAX</code> so that they they take
appropriate signs according to the architecture they're running on:</li>
          <ul>
             <li>X86/MIPS: signed.
             <li>ARM: unsigned.
             <li>To force X86/MIPS to default to unsigned, use
<code>-D__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__</code>.</li>
             <li>To force <code>wchar_t</code> to be 16 bits, use <code>-fshort-wchar</code>.</li>
          </ul>
          <li>Removed non-existent symbols from 32-bit <code>libc.so</code>, and added <code>pread64</code>,
<code>pwrite64</code>, <code>ftruncate64</code> for
Android API level 12 and higher. (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/69319">69319</a>). For more
information, see the commit message accompanying AOSP change list
     <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/94137">94137</a>.</li>
       </ul>
       <li>Fixed GCC warning about redefinition of <code>putchar</code>. Warning message reads:</li>
       <code>include/stdio.h:236:5: warning: conflicts with previous declaration here
[-Wattributes] int  putchar(int);</code> (Change list <a
href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/91185">91185</a>).
       <li>Fixed <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++</code> so that it:</li>
       <ul>
          <li>Copies <code>cxxabi.h</code>. (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/68001">68001</a>).</li>
          <li>Runs in directories other than the NDK install directory. (Issues <a
href="http://b.android.com/67690">67690</a> and <a href="http://b.android.com/68647">68647</a>).</li>
       </ul>
       <li>Fixed GCC/Windows to quote arguments only when necessary for spawning processes in
external programs. This change decreases the likelihood of exceeding the 32K length limit.</li>
       <li>Fixed an issue that made it impossible to adjust the <code>APP_PLATFORM</code>
environment variable.</li>
       <li>Fixed the implementation of <code>IsSystemLibrary()</code> in crazy_linker so that it
uses <code>strrchr()</code>
  instead of <code>strchr()</code> to find the library path's true basename.</li>
       <li>Fixed native-audio's inability to build in debug mode.</li>
       <li>Fixed gdb's inability to print extreme floating-point numbers. (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/69203">69203</a>).</li>
       <li>Fixed Clang 3.4 inability to compile with <code>-Wl,-shared</code> (as opposed to
<code>-shared</code>, which
  had no compilation issues).  The problem was that Clang added <code>-pie</code> for Android
targets if neither <code>-shared</code> nor <code>-static</code> existed. This behavior, which was
incorrect, caused the linker to complain that <code>-shared</code> and <code>-pie</code> could not
co-exist.</li>

     </ul>
     </dd>


     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Added <code>arm_neon.h</code> to the x86 toolchain so that it now emulates ~47% of
Neon. There is currently no support for 64-bit types. For more information, see the section on ARM
Neon intrinsics support in the x86 documentation.</li>
        <li>Ported ARM/GOT_PREL optimization (present in GCC 4.6 built from the GCC google branch) to
ARM GCC 4.8/4.9.  This optimization sometimes reduces instruction count when accessing global
variables.  As an example, see the build.sh script in
<code>$NDK/tests/build/b14811006-GOT_PREL-optimization/</code>.</li>
        <li>Added ARM version for STL gabi++, stlport, and libc++. They now have both it and Thumb
mode.</li>
        <li>It is now possible to call the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script with
<code>--toolchain=x86_64-linux-android-4.9</code>, which is equivalent to
<code>--toolchain=x86_64-4.9</code>.</li>
     </dd>
     </ul>
   </dl>
 </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="9d"></a>
 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 9d</a> <em>(March 2014)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Added support for the Clang 3.4 compiler. The
<code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang</code> option now picks Clang 3.4. GCC 4.6 is
still the default compiler.</li>
        <li>Added <code>APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a-hard</code>, with
additional multilib option <code>-mfloat-abi=hard</code>. These options are for
use with ARM GCC 4.6/4.8 and Clang 3.3/3.4 (which use 4.8's assembler, linker,
and libs). When using these options, note the following changes:</li>
        <ul>
           <li> When executing the <code>ndk-build</code> script, add the
following options for armeabi-v7a target:
<pre>TARGET_CFLAGS += -mhard-float -D_NDK_MATH_NO_SOFTFP=1
TARGET_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--no-warn-mismatch -lm_hard</pre>
The built library is copied to <code>libs/armeabi-v7a</code>. For make to
behave as expected, you cannot specify both <code>armeabi-v7a</code> and
<code>armeabi-v7a-hard</code> as make targets (i.e., on the APP_ABI= line).
Doing so causes one of them to be ignored. Note that <code>APP_ABI=all</code>
is still equivalent to
<code>armeabi armeabi-v7a x86 mips</code>.</li>
           <li>The <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> script copies
additional libaries under <code>/hard</code> directories.
      Add the above <code>CFLAGS</code> and <code>LFLAGS</code> to your
makefile to enable GCC or Clang to link with
      libraries in <code>/hard</code>.</li>
        </ul>
        <li>Added the yasm assembler, as well as <code>LOCAL_ASMFLAGS</code>
and <code>EXPORT_ASMFLAGS</code> flags for x86
targets. The <code>ndk-build</code> script uses
<code>prebuilts/*/bin/yasm*</code> to build <code>LOCAL_SRC_FILES</code> that
have the <code>.asm</code> extension.</li>
        <li>Updated MClinker to 2.6.0, which adds <code>-gc-sections</code>
support.</li>
        <li>Added experimental libc++ support (upstream r201101).  Use this new
feature by following these steps:
        <ul>
           <li>Add <code>APP_STL := c++_static</code> or <code>APP_STL :=
c++_shared</code> in <code>Application.mk</code>.
      You may rebuild from source via <code>LIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD :=
true</code></li>
           <li>Execute <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++</code>
to create a standalone toolchain with libc++ headers/lib.</li>
        </ul>
        For more information, see
<code>CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html</code>.
(Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/36496">36496</a>)</li>
      </ul>
      </dd>
   <dl>
     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Fixed an uncaught throw from an unexpected
exception handler for GCC 4.6/4.8 ARM EABI. (GCC Issue <a
href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59392">59392</a>)</li>
       <li>Fixed GCC 4.8 so that it now correctly resolves partial
specialization of a template with
  a dependent, non-type template argument. (GCC Issue <a
href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59052">59052</a>)</li>
       <li>Added more modules to prebuilt python (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/59902">59902</a>):
               <ul>
                 <li>Mac OS X: <code>zlib</code>, <code>bz2</code>,
<code>_curses</code>, <code>_curses_panel</code>, <code>_hashlib</code>,
<code>_ssl</code></li>
                 <li>Linux: <code>zlib</code>, <code>nis</code>,
<code>crypt</code>, <code>_curses</code>, and <code>_curses_panel</code></li>
               </ul>
       <li>Fixed the x86 and MIPS gdbserver
<code>event_getmsg_helper</code>.</li>
       <li>Fixed numerous issues in the RenderScript NDK toolchain, including
issues with compatibility across older devices and C++ reflection.</li>
<br>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Header fixes:
         <ul>
           <li>Fixed a missing <code>#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;</code> in
<code>android/asset_manager.h</code> for Android API level 13 and higher.
     (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/64988">64988</a>)</li>
           <li>Fixed a missing <code>#include <stdint.h></code> in
<code>android/rect_manager.h</code> for Android API level 14 and higher.</li>
           <li>Added <code>JNICALL</code> to <code>JNI_OnLoad</code> and
<code>JNI_OnUnload</code> in <code>jni.h</code>. Note that <code>JNICALL</code>
 is defined as <code>__NDK_FPABI__</code> For more information, see
<code>sys/cdefs.h</code>.</li>
           <li>Updated the following headers so that they can be included
without the need to
manually include their dependencies (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/64679">64679</a>):</li>
<pre>
android/tts.h
EGL/eglext.h
fts.h
GLES/glext.h
GLES2/gl2ext.h
OMXAL/OpenMAXSL_Android.h
SLES/OpenSLES_Android.h
sys/prctl.h
sys/utime.h
</pre>
           <li>Added <code>sys/cachectl.h</code> for all architectures. MIPS
developers can now include this header instead of writing <code>#ifdef
__mips__</code>.</li>
           <li></code>Fixed <code>platforms/android-18/include/android/input.h
</code> by adding <code>__NDK_FPABI__</code> to functions taking or returning
float or double values.</li>
           <li>Fixed MIPS <code>struct stat</code>, which was incorrectly set
to its 64-bit counterpart for Android API level 12 and later. This wrong
setting was a
regression introduced in release r9c.</li>
           <li>Defined <code>__PTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE</code>,
<code>__PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE</code>,
     and <code>__PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE</code> for Android API
level 9 and lower.</li>
           <li>Added <code>scalbln</code>, <code>scalblnf</code>, and
<code>scalblnl</code> to x86 <code>libm.so</code> for APIs 18 and later.</li>
           <li>Fixed a typo in
<code>sources/android/support/include/iconv.h</code>.
     (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/63806">63806</a>)</li>

         </ul>
       </li>
       <li>Fixed gabi++ <code>std::unexpected()</code> to call
<code>std::terminate()</code> so that
  a user-defined <code>std::terminate()</code> handler has a chance to run.
</li>
       <li>Fixed gabi++ to catch <code>std::nullptr</code>.</li>
       <li>Fixed samples Teapot and MoreTeapots:
         <ul>
      <li>Solved a problem with Tegra 2 and 3 chips by changing specular
variables to use medium precision. Values for specular power can now be less
than 1.0. </li>
      <li>Changed the samples so that pressing the volume button restores
immersive mode and invalidates
<code>SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY</code>. Screen rotation does not
trigger <code>onSystemUiVisibilityChange</code>, and so does not restore
immersive mode.</li>
         </ul>
        </li>
        <li>Fixed the <code>ndk-build</code> script to add
<code>-rpath-link=$SYSROOT/usr/lib</code> and
<code>-rpath-link=$TARGET_OUT</code> in order to use <code>ld.bfd</code> to
link executables. (Issue  <a href="http://b.android.com/64266">64266</a>)</li>
        <li>Removed <code>-Bsymbolic</code> from all STL builds.</li>
        <li>Fixed <code>ndk-gdb-py.cmd</code> by setting <code>SHELL</code> as
an environment variable
instead of passing it to
  <code>python.exe</code>, which ignores the setting.
  (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/63054">63054</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed the <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> script so that
the <code>--stl=stlport</code> option copies the gabi++ headers instead of
symlinking them; the <code>cmd.exe</code> and MinGW shells do not understand
symlinks created by cygwin.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
        <li>Applied execution permissions to all <code>*cmd</code> scripts
previously intended for use only in the <code>cmd.exe</code> shell, in case
developers prefer to use <code>ndk-build.cmd</code> in cygwin instead of the
recommended <code>ndk-build</code> script.</li>
        <li>Improved the speed of the <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code>
script by moving instead of copying if the specified destination directory does
not exist.</li>
     </dd>
     </ul>
   </dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="9c"></a>
 <p>
   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
     src="/assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
   >Android NDK, Revision 9c</a> <em>(December 2013)</em>
 </p>
 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
<p>This is a bug-fix-only release.</p>
   <dl>
     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 ARM, in which the stack pointer is
restored too early. This problem prevented the frame pointer from reliably
accessing a variable in the stack frame. (GCC Issue <a
href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58854">58854</a>)</li>
<li>Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 libstdc++, in which a bug in
std::nth_element was causing generation of code that produced a random
segfault. (Issue <a
href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62910">62910</a>)</li>
           <li>Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE in cc1/cc1plus with
<code>-fuse-ld=mcld</code>, so that the following error no longer occurs:
<pre>cc1: internal compiler error: in common_handle_option, at
opts.c:1774</pre></li>
           <li>Fixed <code>-mhard-float</code> support for
<code>__builtin</code> math functions. For ongoing information on fixes for
<code>-mhard-float</code> with STL, please follow Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/61784">61784</a>.</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Header fixes:
         <ul>
           <li>Changed prototype of <code>poll</code> to <code>poll(struct
pollfd *, nfds_t, int);</code> in <code>poll.h</code>.</li>
           <li>Added <code>utimensat</code> to <code>libc.so</code> for Android
API levels 12 and 19. These libraries are now included for all Android API
levels 12 through 19.</li>
<li>Introduced <code>futimens</code> into <code>libc.so</code>, for Android API
level 19.</li>
<li>Added missing <code>clock_settime()</code> and
<code>clock_nanosleep()</code> to <code>time.h</code> for Android API level 8
and higher.</li>
<li>Added <code>CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE,
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM,</code> and
<code>CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM</code> in <code>time.h.</code></li>
<li>Removed obsolete <code>CLOCK_REALTIME_HR</code> and
<code>CLOCK_MONOTONIC_HR.</code></li>
         </ul>
       </li>
       <li>In samples Teapot, MoreTeapots, and
<code>source/android/ndk_helper</code>:
         <ul>
<li>Changed them so that they now use a hard-float abi for armeabi-v7a.</li>
<li>Updated them to use immersive mode on Android API level 19 and
higher.</li>
<li>Fixed a problem with <code>Check_ReleaseStringUTFChars</code> in
<code>/system/lib/libdvm.so</code> that was causing crashes on x86 devices.</li>
         </ul>
        </li>
<li>Fixed <code>ndk-build</code> fails that happen in cygwin when the NDK
package is
referenced via symlink.</li>
<li>Fixed <code>ndk-build.cmd</code> fails that happen in windows
<code>cmd.exe</code> when
<code>LOCAL_SRC_FILES</code> contains absolute paths. (Issue <a
href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/69992">69992</a>)</li>
<li>Fixed the <code>ndk-stack</code> script to proceed even when it can't parse
a frame due to inability to find a routine, filename, or line number. In any of
these cases, it prints <code>??</code>.</li>
<li>Fixed the <code>ndk-stack</code> stack for windows-x64_64 targets so that
it no longer erroneously matches a frame line with a line in the
<code>stack:</code> section that doesn't contain <code>pc</code>,
<code>eip</code>, or <code>ip</code>. For example:
<pre>I/DEBUG   ( 1151):     #00  5f09db68  401f01c4
/system/lib/libc.so</pre></li>
<li>Fixed gabi++ so that it:
     <ul>
         <li>Does not use malloc() to allocate C++ thread-local
  objects.</li>
         <li>Avoids deadlocks in gabi++ in cases where libc.debug.malloc is
non-zero in userdebug/eng Android platform builds.</li>
     </ul>
     </ul>
     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>
     <dd>
     <ul>
       <li>Added <code>LOCAL_EXPORT_LDFLAGS</code>.</li>
<li>Introduced the <code>NDK_PROJECT_PATH=null</code> setting for use in an
integrated build system where options are explicitly passed to
<code>ndk-build</code>. With this setting, <code>ndk-build</code> makes no
attempt to look for <code>NDK_PROJECT_PATH.</code> This setting also prevents
variables from deriving default settings from NDK_PROJECT_PATH. As a result,
the following variables must now be explicitly specified (with their default
values if such exist): <code>NDK_OUT, NDK_LIBS_OUT, APP_BUILD_SCRIPT,
NDK_DEBUG</code> (optional, default to 0), and other <code>APP_*</code>'s
contained in <code>Application.mk</code>.</li>
<li><code>APP_ABI</code> can now be enumerated in a comma-delimited list. For
example:
<pre>APP_ABI := "armeabi,armeabi-v7a"</pre></li>
<li>Provided the ability to rebuild all of STL with debugging info in an
optional, separate package called
<code>android-ndk-r9c-cxx-stl-libs-with-debugging-info.zip</code>, using the
<code>-g</code> option. This option
helps the <code>ndk-stack</code> script provide better a stack dump across STL.
This change should not affect the code/size of the final, stripped file.</li>
<li>Enhanced <code>hello-jni</code> samples to report <code>APP_ABI</code> at
compilation.</li>
<li>Used the <code>ar</code> tool in Deterministic mode (option
<code>-D</code>) to build static libraries.  (Issue <a
href="http://b.android.com/60705">60705</a>)</li>
     </ul>
     </dd>

   </dl>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="9b"></a>
  <p>
    <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
      src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
    >Android NDK, Revision 9b</a> <em>(October 2013)</em>
  </p>
  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Updated {@code include/android/*h} and {@code math.h} for all Android API levels up to
          18, including the addition of levels 13, 15, 16 and 17.
          For information on added APIs, see commit messages for Changes
          <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/68012">68012</a> and
          <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/68014">68014</a>.
          (Issues <a href="http://b.android.com/47150">47150</a>,
           <a href="http://b.android.com/58528">58528</a>, and
           <a href="http://b.android.com/38423">38423</a>)</li>
        <li>Added support for Android API level 19, including Renderscript binding.</li>
        <li>Added support for <code>-mhard-float</code> in the existing armeabi-v7a ABI. For more
          information and current restrictions on Clang, see
          {@code tests/device/hard-float/jni/Android.mk}.</li>
        <li>Migrated from GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 to 4.8.2, and added diagnostic color
          support. To enable diagnostic colors, set <code>-fdiagnostics-color=auto</code>,
          <code>-fdiagnostics-color=always,</code> or export {@code GCC_COLORS} as shown below:
<pre>
GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
</pre>
          For more information, see
          <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Language-Independent-Options.html">GCC
          Language Independent Options</a>.
        </li>
        <li>Added two new samples to demonstrate OpenGL ES 3.0 features: Teapot and MoreTeapots.
          These samples run on devices with Android 4.1 (API level 16) and higher.</li>
        <li>Deprecated GCC 4.7 and Clang 3.2 support, which will be removed in the next
          release.</li>
      </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Fixed problem with ARM GCC 4.6 {@code thumb2} failing to generate 16-bit relative jump
          tables. (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48328">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed GCC 4.8 internal compiler error (ICE) on
          {@code g++.dg/cpp0x/lambda/lambda-defarg3.C}.
          (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/62770">Change 62770</a>,
          <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2013-07/msg00424.html">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed a problem with Windows 32-bit {@code *-gdb.exe} executables failing to launch.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/58975">Issue 58975</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE when building bullet library. The error message is as follows:
          <pre>internal compiler error: verify_flow_info failed</pre>
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/58916">Issue 58916</a>,
           <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58165">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
        <li>Modified GDB/ARM build to skip {@code ARM.exidx} data for unwinding in prologue code and
          added a command ({@code set arm exidx-unwinding}) to control exidx-based stack unwinding.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/55826">Issue 55826</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed Clang 3.3 MIPS compiler problem where HI and LO registers are incorrectly
          reused.</li>
        <li>Fixed issue with MIPS 4.7 ICE in {@code dbx_reg_number}. The error message is as
follows:
<pre>
external/icu4c/i18n/decimfmt.cpp:1322:1:
internal compiler error: in dbx_reg_number, at dwarf2out.c:10185
</pre>
          (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2012-12/msg00830.html">GCC Patch</a>)

        </li>

      </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Header fixes
          <ul>
            <li>Fixed the ARM {@code WCHAR_MIN} and {@code WCHAR_MAX} to be unsigned according to
              spec (the X86/MIPS versions are signed). Define {@code _WCHAR_IS_ALWAYS_SIGNED} to
              restore old behavior. (<a href="http://b.android.com/57749">Issue 57749</a>)</li>
            <li>Fixed {@code include/netinet/tcp.h} to contain {@code TCP_INFO} state enum.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/38881">Issue 38881</a>)</li>
            <li>Fixed the {@code cdefs_elh.h} macro {@code _C_LABEL_STRING} to stop generating
               warnings in the GCC 4.8 toolchain when using c++11 mode.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/58135">Issue 58135</a>,
               <a href="http://b.android.com/58652">Issue 58652</a>)</li>
            <li>Removed non-existent functions {@code imaxabs} and {@code imaxdiv} from header
              {@code inttypes.h}.</li>
            <li>Fixed issue with {@code pthread_exit()} return values and {@code pthread_self()}.
                 (<a href="http://b.android.com/60686">Issue 60686</a>)</li>
            <li>Added missing {@code mkdtemp()} function, which already exists in {@code bionic}
              header {@code stdlib.h}.</li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li>Fixed problem building {@code samples/gles3jni} with Clang on Android API level 11.</li>
        <li>Fixed MCLinker to allow multiple occurrences of the following options:
          {@code -gc-sections} and {@code --eh-frame-hdr}.</li>
        <li>Fixed MCLinker to accept the {@code --no-warn-mismatch} option.</li>
        <li>Modified {@code cpu-features} option to not assume all VFPv4 devices support IDIV.
          Now this option only adds IDIV to white-listed devices, including Nexus 4.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/57637">Issue 57637</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed problem with {@code android_native_app_glue.c} erroneously logging errors on event
          predispatch operations.</li>
        <li>Fixed all operations on {@code gabi++} terminate and unexpected_handler to be
          thread-safe.</li>
        <li>Fixed several issues with Clang <code>-integrated-as</code> option so it can pass
          tests for {@code ssax-instructions} and {@code fenv}.</li>
        <li>Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7/4.8 compiler to pass the linker option {@code --eh-frame-hdr} even
          for static executables. For more information, see the
          <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2012-09/msg00969.html">GCC patch</a>.</li>
        <li>Fixed extra apostrophe in <code>CPU-ARCH-ABIS.html</code>. For more information, see
          <code>NDK-DEPENDS.html</code>. (<a href="http://b.android.com/60142">Issue 60142</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed extra quotes in ndk-build output on Windows.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/60649">Issue 60649</a>)</li>
        <li>Fixed Clang 3.3 to compile ARM's built-in, atomic operations such as
          {@code __atomic_fetch_add}, {@code __atomic_fetch_sub}, and {@code __atomic_fetch_or}.
          </li>
        <li>Fixed Clang 3.3 ICE with customized {@code vfprintf}.
          (<a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=16344">Clang issue</a>)
        </li>
      </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other changes:</dt>
      <dd>
      <ul>
        <li>Enabled OpenMP for all GCC builds. To use this feature, add the following flags to your
          build settings:
<pre>
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -fopenmp
LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -fopenmp
</pre>
          For code examples, see {@code tests/device/test-openmp}</li>
        <li>Reduced the size of {@code ld.mcld} significantly (1.5MB vs. {@code ld.bfd} 3.5MB and
          {@code ld.gold} 7.5MB), resulting in a speed improvement of approximately 20%.</li>
        <li>Added <code>LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS</code> and <code>APP_CONLYFLAGS</code> to specify
          options applicable to C only but not C++. The existing <code>LOCAL_CFLAGS</code>
          and <code>APP_CFLAGS</code> are also used for C++ compilation (to save trouble of
          specifying most options twice), so options such as <code>-std=gnu99</code> may fail in
          g++ builds with a warning and clang++ builds with an error.</li>
        <li>Added {@code gabi++} array helper functions.</li>
        <li>Modified GCC builds so that all {@code libgcc.a} files are built with
          <code>-funwind-tables</code> to allow the stack to be unwound past previously blocked
          points, such as <code>__aeabi_idiv0</code>.</li>
        <li>Added Ingenic MXU support in MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8 with new <code>-mmxu</code>
option.</li>
        <li>Extended MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8 <code>-mldc1-sdc1</code> to control ldxc1/sdxc1 too</li>
        <li>Added crazy linker. For more information, see
          {@code sources/android/crazy_linker/README.TXT}.</li>
        <li>Fixed {@code bitmap-plasma} to draw to full screen rather than a 200x200 pixel
area.</li>
        <li>Reduced linux and darwin toolchain sizes by 25% by creating symlinks to identical files.
          </li>
      </ul>
      </dd>

    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="9"></a>
  <p>
    <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img
      src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""
    >Android NDK, Revision 9</a> <em>(July 2013)</em>
  </p>
  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added support for Android 4.3 (API level 18). For more information, see
            {@code STABLE-APIS.html} and new code examples in {@code samples/gles3jni/README}.
          <li>Added headers and libraries for OpenGL ES 3.0, which is supported by Android 4.3
            (API level 18) and higher.</li>
          <li>Added GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 compiler to the NDK. Since GCC 4.6 is still
            the default, you must explicitly enable this option:
            <ul>
              <li>For {@code ndk-build} builds, export {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.8} or
                add it in {@code Application.mk}.</li>
              <li>For standalone builds, use the {@code --toolchain=} option in
                {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh}, for example:<br>
                {@code --toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.8}</li>
            </ul>
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong>
            The {@code -Wunused-local-typedefs} option is enabled by {@code -Wall}. Be
            sure to add {@code __attribute__((unused))} if you use compile-time asserts like
            {@code sources/cxx-stl/stlport/stlport/stl/config/features.h}, line #311. For more
            information, see
            <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/55460">Change 55460</a></p>
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong>
            In the GCC 4.7 release and later, ARM compilers generate unaligned access code by
            default for ARMv6 and higher build targets. You may need to add the
            {@code -mno-unaligned-access} build option when building for kernels that do not support
            this feature.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Added Clang 3.3 support. The {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang} build option
            now picks Clang 3.3 by default.
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong>
             Both GCC 4.4.3 and Clang 3.1 are deprecated, and will be removed from the next NDK
             release.</p></li>
          <li>Updated GNU Project Debugger (GDB) to support python 2.7.5.</li>
          <li>Added MCLinker to support Windows hosts. Since {@code ld.gold}
            is the default where available, you must add {@code -fuse-ld=mcld} in
            {@code LOCAL_LDFLAGS} or {@code APP_LDFLAGS} to enable MCLinker.</li>
          <li>Added {@code ndk-depends} tool which prints ELF library dependencies.
            For more information, see {@code NDK-DEPENDS.html}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/53486">Issue 53486</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed potential event handling issue in {@code android_native_app_glue}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41755">Issue 41755</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed ARM/GCC-4.7 build to generate sufficient alignment for NEON load and store
            instructions VST and VLD.
            (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57271">GCC Issue 57271</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 internal compiler error (ICE) for a constant negative index
            value on a string literal.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/54623">Issue 54623</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.7 segmentation fault for constant initialization with an object address.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/56508">Issue 56508</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM segmentation fault for <code>-O</code> values when using Boost
            1.52.0. (<a href="http://b.android.com/42891">Issue 42891</a>)
          <li>Fixed {@code libc.so} and {@code libc.a} to support the {@code wait4()} function.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/19854">Issue 19854</a>)</li>
          <li>Updated the x86 libc.so and libc.a files to include the {@code clone()}
            function.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS} bug where the {@code linker.list} file is
            empty or not used.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC MIPS build on Mac OS to use CFI directives, without which
            {@code ld.mcld --eh-frame-hdr} fails frequently.</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.2 X86/MIPS internal compiler error in {@code llvm/lib/VMCore/Value.cpp}.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/59021">Change 59021</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.7 64-bit Windows assembler crash. (Error: {@code out of memory allocating
            4294967280 bytes}).</li>
          <li>Updated {@code ndk-gdb} script so that the {@code --start} or {@code --launch} actions
            now wait for the GNU Debug Server, so that it can more reliably hit breakpoints set
            early in the execution path (such as breakpoints in JNI code).
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41278">Issue 41278</a>)
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong>
              This feature requires jdb and produces warning about pending breakpoints.
              Specify the {@code --nowait} option to restore previous behavior.
            </p>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed GDB crash when library list is empty.</li>
          <li>Fixed GDB crash when using a {@code stepi} command past a {@code bx pc} or
            {@code blx pc} Thumb instruction.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/56962">Issue 56962</a>,
             <a href="http://b.android.com/36149">Issue 36149</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed MIPS {@code gdbserver} to look for {@code DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP} instead of
            {@code DT_DEBUG}. (<a href="http://b.android.com/56586">Issue 56586</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a circular dependency in the ndk-build script, for example: If A-&gt;B and
            B-&gt;B, then B was dropped from build.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/56690">Issue 56690</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed the {@code ndk-build} script to enable you to specify a version of Clang as a
            command line option (e.g., {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.2}). Previously, only
            specifying the version as an environment variable worked.</li>
          <li>Fixed gabi++ size of {@code _Unwind_Exception} to be 24 for MIPS build targets when
            using the Clang compiler.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/54141">Change 54141</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed the {@code ndk-build} script to ensure that built libraries are actually
            removed from projects that include prebuilt static libraries when using the
            {@code ndk-build clean} command.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/54461">Change 54461</a>,
             <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/54480">Change 54480</a>)</li>
          <li>Modified the {@code NDK_ANALYZE=1} option to be less verbose.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code gnu-libstdc++/Android.mk} to include a {@code backward/} path for builds
            that use backward compability.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/53404">Issue 53404</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a problem where {@code stlport new} sometimes returned random values.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-gdb} to match the order of {@code CPU_ABIS}, not {@code APP_ABIS}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/54033">Issue 54033</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a problem where the NDK 64-bit build on MacOSX choses the wrong path for
            compiler.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/53769">Issue 53769</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed build scripts to detect 64-bit Windows Vista.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/54485">Issue 54485</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed x86 {@code ntonl/swap32} error: {@code invalid 'asm': operand number
            out of range}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/54465">Issue 54465</a>,
             <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/57242">Change 57242</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ld.gold} to merge string literals.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ld.gold} to handle large symbol alignment.</li>
          <li>Updated {@code ld.gold} to enable the {@code --sort-section=name} option.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 to suppress the {@code -export-dynamic} option for
            statically linked programs. GCC no longer adds an {@code .interp} section for statically
            linked programs.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3 {@code stlport} compilation error about inconsistent {@code typedef}
            of {@code _Unwind_Control_Block}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/54426">Issue 54426</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code awk} scripts to handle {@code AndroidManifest.xml} files created on
            Windows which may contain trailing {@code \r} characters and cause build errors.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/42548">Issue 42548</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} to probe the {@code prebuilts/}
            directory to detect if the host is 32 bit or 64 bit.</li>
          <li>Fixed the Clang 3.2 {@code -integrated-as} option.</li>
          <li>Fixed the Clang 3.2 ARM EHABI compact model {@code pr1} and {@code pr2} handler data.
            </li>
          <li>Added Clang {@code -mllvm -arm-enable-ehabi} option to fix the following Clang error:
            <pre>clang: for the -arm-enable-ehabi option: may only occur zero or one times!</pre>
            </li>
          <li>Fixed build failure when there is no {@code uses-sdk} element in application
            manifest. (<a href="http://b.android.com/57015">Issue 57015</a>)</li>
        </ul>

      </dd>
      <dt>Other changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Header Fixes
            <ul>
              <li>Modified headers to make {@code __set_errno} an inlined function, since
                {@code __set_errno} in {@code errno.h} is deprecated, and {@code libc.so} no longer
                exports it.</li>
              <li>Modified {@code elf.h} to include {@code stdint.h}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/55443">Issue 55443</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code sys/un.h} to be included independently of other headers.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/53646">Issue 53646</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed all of the {@code MotionEvent_getHistorical} API family to take the
                {@code const AInputEvent* motion_event}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/55873">Issue 55873</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code malloc_usable_size} to take {@code const void*}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/55725">Issue 55725</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed stdint.h to be more compatible with C99.
                (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/46821">Change 46821</a>)</li>
              <li>Modified {@code wchar.h} to not redefine {@code WCHAR_MAX} and
                {@code WCHAR_MIN}</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code <inttypes.h>} declaration for pointer-related {@code PRI} and
                {@code SCN} macros. (<a href="http://b.android.com/57218">Issue 57218</a>)</li>
              <li>Changed the {@code sys/cdefs.h} header so that {@code __WCHAR_TYPE__} is 32-bit
                for API levels less than 9, which means that {@code wchat_t} is 32-bit for all
                API levels. To restore the previous behavior, define the {@code _WCHAR_IS_8BIT}
                boolean variable. (<a href="http://b.android.com/57267">Issue 57267</a>)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Added more formatting in NDK {@code docs/} and miscellaneous documentation fixes.
            </li>
          <li>Added support for a thin archive technique when building static libraries.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/40303">Issue 40303</a>)</li>
          <li>Updated script {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} to support the {@code stlport}
            library in addition to {@code gnustl}, when you specify the option
            {@code --stl=stlport}. For more information, see {@code STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html}.</li>
          <li>Updated the {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} script so that the
            {@code --llvm-version=} option creates the {@code $TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX-clang} and
            {@code $TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX-clang++} scripts in addition to {@code clang} and
            {@code clang++}, to avoid using the host's clang and clang++ definitions by accident.
            </li>
          <li>Added two flags to re-enable two optimizations in upstream Clang but disabled in
              NDK for better compatibility with code compiled by GCC:
            <ul>
              <li>Added a {@code -fcxx-missing-return-semantics} flag to re-enable <em>missing
return
                semantics</em> in Clang 3.2+. Normally, all paths should terminate with a return
                statement for a value-returning function. If this is not the case, clang inserts
                an undefined instruction (or trap in debug mode) at the path without a return
                statement. If you are sure your code is correct, use this flag to allow the
                optimizer to take advantage of the undefined behavior. If you are not sure, do not
                use this flag. The caller may still receive a random incorrect value, but the
                optimizer will not exploit it and make your code harder to debug.</li>
              <li>Added a {@code -fglobal-ctor-const-promotion} flag to re-enable
                promoting global variables with static constructor to be constants. With this flag,
                the global variable optimization pass of LLVM tries to evaluate the global
                variables with static constructors and promote them to global constants. Although
                this optimization is correct, it may cause some incompatability with code compiled
                by GCC. For example, code may do {@code const_cast} to cast the constant to mutable
                and modify it. In GCC, the variable is in read-write and the code is run by
                accident. In Clang, the const variable is in read-only memory and may cause your
                application to crash.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Added {@code -mldc1-sdc1} to the MIPS GCC and Clang compilers. By default, compilers
            align 8-byte objects properly and emit the {@code ldc1} and {@code sdc1} instructions
            to move them around. If your app uses a custom allocator that does not always align
            with a new object's 8-byte boundary in the same way as the default allocator, your app
            may crash due to {@code ldc1} and {@code sdc1} operations on unaligned memory. In this
            case, use the {@code -mno-ldc1-sdc1} flag to workaround the problem.</li>
          <li>Downgraded the event severity from warning to info if {@code APP_PLATFORM_LEVEL} is
            larger than {@code APP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL}. The {@code APP_PLATFORM_LEVEL} may be lower
            than {@code APP_PLATFORM} in {@code jni/Application.mk} because the NDK does not have
            headers for all levels. In this case, the actual level is shifted downwards. The
            {@code APP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL} is specified by the {@code android:minSdkVersion} in
            your application's manifest.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39752">Issue 39752</a>)</li>
          <li>Added the {@code android_getCpuIdArm()} and {@code android_setCpuArm()} methods to
            {@code cpu-features.c}. This addition enables easier retrieval of the ARM CPUID
            information. (<a href="http://b.android.com/53689">Issue 53689</a>)</li>
          <li>Modified {@code ndk-build} to use GCC 4.7's {@code as/ld} for Clang compiling.
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong>
              In GCC 4.7, {@code monotonic_clock} and {@code is_monotonic} have been renamed to
              {@code steady_clock} and {@code is_steady}, respectively.</p></li>
          <li>Added the following new warnings to the {@code ndk-build} script:
            <ul>
              <li>Added warnings if {@code LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS} are used in static library
                modules.</li>
              <li>Added a warning if a configuration has no module to build.</li>
              <li>Added a warning for non-system libraries being used in
                {@code LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS} of a shared library or executable modules.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Updated build scripts, so that if {@code APP_MODULES} is not defined and only static
            libraries are listed in {@code Android.mk}, the script force-builds all of them.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/53502">Issue 53502</a>)</li>
          <li>Updated {@code ndk-build} to support absolute paths in {@code LOCAL_SRC_FILES}.</li>
          <li>Removed the {@code *-gdbtui} executables, which are duplicates of the {@code *-gdb}
            executables with the {@code -tui} option enabled.</li>
          <li>Updated the build scripts to warn you when the Edison Design Group (EDG) compiler
            front-end turns {@code _STLP_HAS_INCLUDE_NEXT} back on.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/53646">Issue 53646</a>)</li>
          <li>Added the environment variable {@code NDK_LIBS_OUT} to allow overriding of the
            path for {@code libraries/gdbserver} from the default {@code $PROJECT/libs}.
            For more information, see {@code OVERVIEW.html}.</li>
          <li>Changed ndk-build script defaults to compile code with format string protection
            {@code -Wformat -Werror=format-security}. You may set
            {@code LOCAL_DISABLE_FORMAT_STRING_CHECKS=true} to disable it.
            For more information, see {@code ANDROID-MK.html}</li>
          <li>Added STL pretty-print support in {@code ndk-gdb-py}. For more information, see
            {@code NDK-GDB.html}.</li>
          <li>Added tests based on the googletest frameworks.</li>
          <li>Added a notification to the toolchain build script that warns you if the current shell
            is not {@code bash}.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
<a name="lower"></a>
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 8e</a> <em>(March 2013)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added 64-bit host toolchain set (package name suffix {@code *-x86_64.*}). For more
            information, see {@code CHANGES.HTML} and {@code NDK-BUILD.html}.</li>
          <li>Added Clang 3.2 compiler. GCC 4.6 is still the default. For information on using the
            Clang compiler, see {@code CHANGES.HTML}.</li>
          <li>Added static code analyzer for Linux/MacOSX hosts. For information on using the
            analyzer, see {@code CHANGES.HTML}.</li>
          <li>Added MCLinker for Linux/MacOSX hosts as an experimental feature. The {@code ld.gold}
            linker is the default where available, so you must explicitly enable it. For more
            information, see {@code CHANGES.HTML}.</li>
          <li>Updated ndk-build to use topological sort for module dependencies, which means the
            build automatically sorts out the order of libraries specified in
            {@code LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES}, {@code LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES} and
            {@code LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES}. For more information, see {@code CHANGES.HTML}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39378">Issue 39378</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed build script to build all toolchains in {@code -O2}. Toolchains in previous
            releases were incorrectly built without optimization.</li>
          <li>Fixed build script which unconditionally builds Clang/llvm for MacOSX in 64-bit.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7 internal compiler error:
            {@code gen_thumb_movhi_clobber at config/arm/arm.md:5832}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/52732">Issue 52732</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed build problem where GCC/ARM 4.6/4.7 fails to link code using 64-bit atomic
            built-in functions.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41297">Issue 41297</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.7 linker DIV usage mismatch errors.
          (<a href="http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2012-12/msg00202.html">Sourceware Issue</a>)
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error {@code build_data_member_initialization, at
            cp/semantics.c:5790}.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error {@code redirect_eh_edge_1, at tree-eh.c:2214}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/52909">Issue 52909</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a GCC 4.7 segfault.
            (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55245">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code <chrono>} clock resolution and enabled {@code steady_clock}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39680">Issue 39680</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed toolchain to enable {@code _GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS} for GCC 4.7 libstdc++.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41770">Issue 41770</a>,
             <a href="http://b.android.com/41859">Issue 41859</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem with the X86 MXX/SSE code failing to link due to missing
            {@code posix_memalign}.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/51872">Change 51872</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC4.7/X86 segmentation fault in {@code i386.c}, function
            {@code distance_non_agu_define_in_bb()}.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/50383">Change 50383</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC4.7/X86 to restore earlier {@code cmov} behavior.
            (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/viewcvs?view=revision&revision=193554">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed handling NULL return value of {@code setlocale()} in libstdc++/GCC4.7.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/46718">Issue 46718</a>)
          <li>Fixed {@code ld.gold} runtime undefined reference to {@code __exidx_start} and
            {@code __exidx_start_end}.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/52134">Change 52134</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when using Eigen library.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41246">Issue 41246</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error including {@code <chrono>} in C++11
mode.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39600">Issue 39600</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when generating object code for a method
            call to a uniform initialized {@code rvalue}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/41387">Issue 41387</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1/X86 stack realignment.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/52154">Change 52154</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem with GNU Debugger (GDB) SIGILL when debugging on Android 4.1.2.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/40941">Issue 40941</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem where GDB cannot set {@code source:line} breakpoints when symbols
contain
            long, indirect file paths.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/42448">Issue 42448</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GDB {@code read_program_header} for MIPS PIE executables.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/49592">Change 49592</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code STLport} segmentation fault in {@code uncaught_exception()}.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/50236">Change 50236</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code STLport} bus error in exception handling due to unaligned access of
            {@code DW_EH_PE_udata2}, {@code DW_EH_PE_udata4}, and {@code DW_EH_PE_udata8}.</li>
          <li>Fixed Gabi++ infinite recursion problem with {@code nothrow new[]} operator.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/52833">Issue 52833</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Gabi++ wrong offset to exception handler pointer.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/53446">Change 53446</a>)</li>
          <li>Removed Gabi++ redundant free on exception object
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/53447">Change 53447</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed NDK headers:
            <ul>
              <li>Removed redundant definitions of {@code size_t}, {@code ssize_t}, and
                {@code ptrdiff_t}.</li>
              <li>Fixed MIPS and ARM {@code fenv.h} header.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code stddef.h} to not redefine {@code offsetof} since it already exists
                in the toolchain.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code elf.h} to contain {@code Elf32_auxv_t} and {@code Elf64_auxv_t}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/38441">Issue 38441</a>)
                </li>
              <li>Fixed the {@code #ifdef} C++ definitions in the
                {@code OpenSLES_AndroidConfiguration.h} header file.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/53163">Issue 53163</a>)
                </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed {@code STLport} to abort after out of memory error instead of silently exiting.
            </li>
          <li>Fixed system and Gabi++ headers to be able to compile with API level 8 and lower.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code cpufeatures} to not parse {@code /proc/self/auxv}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/43055">Issue 43055</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ld.gold} to not depend on host libstdc++ and on Windows platforms,
            to not depend on the {@code libgcc_sjlj_1.dll} library.</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 which emits inconsistent register list in {@code .vsave} and fails
            assembler.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/49930">Change 49930</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 to be able to compile libgabi++ and pass the {@code test-stlport}
            tests for MIPS build targets.
            (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/51961">Change 51961</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Clang 3.1 to only enable exception by default for C++, not for C.</li>
          <li>Fixed several issues in Clang 3.1 to pass most GNU exception tests.</li>
          <li>Fixed scripts {@code clang} and {@code clang++} in standalone NDK compiler to detect
            {@code -cc1} and to not specify {@code -target} when found.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build} to observe {@code NDK_APP_OUT} set in {@code Application.mk}.
            </li>
          <li>Fixed X86 {@code libc.so} and {@code lib.a} which were missing the {@code sigsetjmp}
            and {@code siglongjmp} functions already declared in {@code setjmp.h}.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/19851">Issue 19851</a>)</li>
          <li>Patched GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 libstdc++ to work with Clang in C++ 11.
            (<a href="http://clang.llvm.org/cxx_status.html">Clang Issue</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed cygwin path in argument passed to {@code HOST_AWK}.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build} script warning in windows when running from project's JNI
            directory.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/40192">Issue 40192</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem where the {@code ndk-build} script does not build if makefile has
            trailing whitespace in the {@code LOCAL_PATH} definition.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/42841">Issue 42841</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Enabled threading support in GCC/MIPS toolchain.</li>
          <li>Updated GCC exception handling helpers {@code __cxa_begin_cleanup} and
            {@code __cxa_type_match} to have <em>default</em> visibility from the previous
            <em>hidden</em> visibility in GNU libstdc++. For more information, see
            {@code CHANGES.HTML}.</li>
          <li>Updated build scripts so that Gabi++ and STLport static libraries are now built with
            hidden visibility except for exception handling helpers.</li>
          <li>Updated build so that {@code STLport} is built for ARM in Thumb mode.</li>
          <li>Added support for {@code std::set_new_handler} in Gabi++.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/52805">Issue 52805</a>)</li>
          <li>Enabled {@code FUTEX} system call in GNU libstdc++.</li>
          <li>Updated {@code ndk-build} so that it  no longer copies prebuilt static library to
            a project's {@code obj/local/<abi>/} directory.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/40302">Issue 40302</a>)</li>
          <li>Removed {@code __ARM_ARCH_5*__} from ARM {@code toolchains/*/setup.mk} script.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/21132">Issue 21132</a>)</li>
          <li>Built additional GNU libstdc++ libraries in thumb for ARM.</li>
          <li>Enabled MIPS floating-point {@code madd/msub/nmadd/nmsub/recip/rsqrt}
            instructions with 32-bit FPU.</li>
          <li>Enabled graphite loop optimizer in GCC 4.6 and 4.7 to allow more optimizations:
            {@code -fgraphite}, {@code -fgraphite-identity}, {@code -floop-block}, {@code
-floop-flatten},
            {@code -floop-interchange}, {@code -floop-strip-mine}, {@code -floop-parallelize-all},
            and {@code -ftree-loop-linear}.
            (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html">info</a>)</li>
          <li>Enabled {@code polly} for Clang 3.1 on Linux and Max OS X 32-bit hosts which analyzes
            and optimizes memory access. (<a href="http://polly.llvm.org">info</a>)</li>
          <li>Enabled {@code -flto} in GCC 4.7, 4.6, Clang 3.2 and Clang 3.1 on linux (Clang LTO
            via LLVMgold.so). MIPS compiler targets are not supported because {@code ld.gold}
            is not available.</li>
          <li>Enabled {@code --plugin} and {@code --plugin-opt} for {@code ld.gold} in GCC 4.6/4.7.
            </li>
          <li>Enabled {@code --text-reorder} for {@code ld.gold} in GCC 4.7.</li>
          <li>Configured GNU libstdc++ with {@code _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH} which undefines the
            {@code isinf} script in the bionic header. For more information, see
            {@code CHANGES.html}.</li>
          <li>Added {@code APP_LDFLAGS} to the build scripts. For more information, see
            {@code ANDROID-MK.html}.</li>
          <li>Updated build scripts to allow {@code NDK_LOG=0} to disable the {@code NDK_LOG}.</li>
          <li>Updated build scripts to allow {@code NDK_HOST_32BIT=0} to disable the host developer
            environment 32-bit toolchain.</li>
          <li>Changed the default GCC/X86 flags {@code -march=} and {@code -mtune=} from
            {@code pentiumpro} and {@code generic} to {@code i686} and {@code atom}.</li>
          <li>Enhanced toolchain build scripts:
            <ul>
              <li>Fixed a race condition in {@code build-gcc.sh} for the {@code mingw} build type
                which was preventing a significant amount of parallel build processing.</li>
              <li>Updated {@code build-gabi++.sh} and {@code build-stlport.sh} so they can now run
                from the NDK package.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/52835">Issue 52835</a>)
                </li>
              <li>Fixed {@code run-tests.sh} in the {@code MSys} utilities collection.</li>
              <li>Improved 64-bit host toolchain and Canadian Cross build support.</li>
              <li>Updated {@code build-mingw64-toolchain.sh} script to more recent version.</li>
              <li>Added option to build {@code libgnustl_static.a} and {@code stlport_static.a}
                without hidden visibility.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>

      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 8d</a> <em>(December 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.7 compiler to the NDK. The GCC 4.6 compiler
            is still the default, so you must to explicitly enable the new version as follows:
            <ul>
              <li>For {@code ndk-build}, export the {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.7} variable
                <em>or</em> add it to {@code Application.mk}.</li>
              <li>For standalone builds, add the {@code --toolchain=} option to
                {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh}, for example:
                <pre>--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.7</pre></li>
            </ul>
            <p class="note">
              <strong>Note:</strong> This feature is experimental. Please try it and
              <a href="http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/list">report any issues</a>.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Added {@code stlport} exception support via gabi++.  Note that the new gabi++
            depends on {@code dlopen} and related code, meaning that:
            <ul>
              <li>You can no longer build a <em>static</em> executable using the {@code -static}
                option or include {@code libstlport_static.a} using
                {@code APP_STL := stlport_static}. (You can still use the {@code -static} option
                with a standalone toolchain.) Compiling a <em>dynamic</em> executable using
                {@code include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)} continues to work because the compiler
                automatically adds the {@code -ldl} option.</li>
              <li>If your project links using {@code -nostdlib} and {-Wl,--no-undefined}, you
                must manually include the {@code -ldl} option.</li>
            </ul>
              For more information, see {@code CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html}.

              <p class="note">
                <strong>Note:</strong> This feature is experimental and works better with the GCC
                4.6/4.7 compilers than with GCC 4.4.3 or Clang 3.1. Please try it and
                <a href="http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/list">report any issues</a>.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Added a {@code -mstack-protector-guard=} option for x86 to choose between a
            <em>global</em> default path which is compatible with older Android C library (bionic)
            and a new <em>tls</em> path (%gs:20) for {@code -fstack-protector},
            {@code -fstack-protector-all} and {@code -fstack-protector-strong} using the GCC 4.6
            and higher compilers.

            <p class="note">
              <strong>Note:</strong> The {@code -mstack-protector-guard} setting itself does not
              enable any {@code -fstack-protector*} options.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Added {@code android_setCpu()} function to
            {@code sources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.c} for use when auto-detection via
            {@code /proc} is not possible in Android 4.1 and higher.
            (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=164154">Chromium Issue
            164154</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed unnecessary rebuild of object files when using the {@code ndk-build} script.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39810">Issue 39810</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed a linker failure with the NDK 8c release for Mac OS X 10.6.x that produced the
            following error:
            <pre>
dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _memmem
Referenced from: ...../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld
Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib</pre>
            This problem was caused by building on Mac OS X 10.7, which produced binaries that were
            not compatible with Mac OS 10.6.x and the NDK.
          </li>
          <li>Removed the {@code -x c++} options from the Clang++ standalone build script.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/39089">Issue 39089</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed issues using the {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1} option in Cygwin.
           (<a href="http://b.android.com/39585">Issue 39585</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed the {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} script to allow generation of a
            standalone toolchain using the Cygwin or MinGW environments. The resulting toolchain
            can be used in Cygwin, MingGW or CMD.exe environments.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39915">Issue 39915</a>,
            <a href="http://b.android.com/39585">Issue 39585</a>)</li>
          <li>Added missing {@code SL_IID_ANDROIDBUFFERQUEUESOURCE} option in android-14 builds for
            ARM and X86.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/40625">Issue 40625</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed x86 CPU detection for the {@code ANDROID_CPU_X86_FEATURE_MOVBE} feature.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/39317">Issue 39317</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed an issue preventing the Standard Template Library (STL) from using C++
            sources that do not have a {@code .cpp} file extension.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM internal compiler error <em>at reload1.c:1061</em>.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/20862">Issue 20862</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error <em>at emit-rtl.c:1954</em>.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/22336">Issue 22336</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error <em>at postreload.c:396</em>.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/22345">Issue 22345</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem with GCC 4.6/4.7 skipping lambda functions.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/35933">Issue 35933</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>NDK header file fixes:
            <ul>
              <li>Fixed {@code __WINT_TYPE__} and {@code wint_t} to be the same type.</li>
              <li>Corrected typo in {@code android/bitmap.h}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/15134">Issue 15134</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Corrected typo in {@code errno.h}.</li>
              <li>Added check for the presence of {@code __STDC_VERSION__} in {@code sys/cdefs.h}.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/14627">Issue 14627</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Reorganized headers in {@code byteswap.h} and {@code dirent.h}.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code limits.h} to include {@code page.h} which provides {@code PAGE_SIZE}
                settings.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/39983">Issue 39983</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed return type of {@code glGetAttribLocation()} and
                {@code glGetUniformLocation()} from {@code int} to {@code GLint}.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code __BYTE_ORDER} constant for x86 builds.
                (<a href="http://b.android.com/39824">Issue 39824</a>)
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build} script to not overwrite {@code -Os} with {@code -O2} for ARM
            builds.</li>
          <li>Fixed build scripts to allow overwriting of {@code HOST_AWK}, {@code HOST_SED}, and
            {@code HOST_MAKE} settings.</li>
          <li>Fixed issue for {@code ld.gold} on {@code fsck_msdos} builds linking objects built by
            the Intel C/C++ compiler (ICC).</li>
          <li>Fixed ARM EHABI support in Clang to conform to specifications.</li>
          <li>Fixed GNU Debugger (GDB) to shorten the time spent on walking the target's link map
            during {@code solib} events.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/38402">Issue 38402</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed missing {@code libgcc.a} file when linking shared libraries.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other changes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Backported 64-bit built-in atomic functions for ARM to GCC 4.6.</li>
          <li>Added documentation for audio output latency, along with other documentation and
            fixes.</li>
          <li>Fixed debug builds with Clang so that non-void functions now raise a {@code SIGILL}
            signal for paths without a return statement.</li>
          <li>Updated {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} to accept the suffix {@code -clang3.1}
            which is equivalent to adding {@code --llvm-version=3.1} to the GCC 4.6 toolchain.</li>
          <li>Updated GCC and Clang bug report URL to:
            <a
href="http://source.android.com/source/report-bugs.html">http://source.android.com/source/report-bug
s.html</a></li>
          <li>Added ARM ELF support to {@code llvm-objdump}.</li>
          <li>Suppressed <em>treating c input as c++</em> warning for Clang builds.</li>
          <li>Updated build so that only the 32-bit version of {@code libiberty.a} is built and
            placed in {@code lib32/}.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 8c</a> <em>(November 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added the Clang 3.1 compiler to the NDK. The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 is
          still the default, so you must explicitly enable the Clang compiler option as follows:
            <ul>
              <li>For {@code ndk-build}, export {@code NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1} <em>or</em>
                add this environment variable setting to {@code Application.mk}.</li>
              <li>For standalone builds, add {@code --llvm-version=3.1} to
                {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} and replace {@code CC} and {@code CXX} in your
                makefile with {@code <tool-path>/bin/clang} and
                {@code <tool-path>/bin/clang++}. See {@code STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html} for
                details.</li>
            </ul>
            <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> This feature is experimental. Please try it and
            <a href="http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/list">report any issues</a>.</p></li>
          <li>Added Gold linker {@code ld.gold} for the Windows toolchain. Gold linker is also the
            default for ARM and X86 on all hosts. You may override it to use the {@code ld.bfd}
            linker by adding {@code LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -fuse-ld=bfd} to {@code Android.mk}, or by
passing
            {@code -fuse-ld=bfd} to the g++/clang++ command line that does the linking.</li>
          <li>Added checks for spaces in the NDK path to the {@code ndk-build[.cmd]} and
            {@code ndk-gdb} scripts, to prevent build errors that are difficult to diagnose.</li>
          <li>Made the following changes to API level handling:
            <ul>
              <li>Modified build logic so that projects that specify {@code android-10} through
                {@code android-13} in {@code APP_PLATFORM}, {@code project.properties} or
                {@code default.properties} link against {@code android-9} instead of
                {@code android-14}.
              <li>Updated build so that executables using android-16 (Jelly Bean) or higher are
                compiled with the {@code -fPIE} option for position-independent executables (PIE).
                A new {@code APP_PIE} option allows you to control this behavior. See {@code
                APPLICATION-MK.html} for details.
                <p class="note">
                  <strong>Note:</strong> All API levels above 14 still link against {@code
                  platforms/android-14} and no new {@code platforms/android-N} have been added.
                </p></li>
              <li>Modified {@code ndk-build} to provide warnings if the adjusted API level is larger
              than {@code android:minSdkVersion} in the project's {@code AndroidManifest.xml}.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Updated the {@code cpu-features} helper library to include more ARM-specific features.
          See {@code sources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.h} for details.</li>
          <li>Modified the long double on the X86 platform to be 8 bytes. This data type is now the
          same size as a double, but is still treated as a distinct type.</li>
          <li>Updated build for {@code APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a}:
            <ul>
              <li>Modified this build type to pass the {@code -march=armv7-a} parameter
              to the linker. This change ensures that v7-specific libraries and {@code crt*.o} are
              linked correctly.</li>
              <li>Added {@code -mfpu=vfpv3-d16} to {@code ndk-build} instead of the
              {@code -mfpu=vfp} option used in previous releases.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed an issue where running {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} with root privileges
            resulted in the stand alone tool chain being inaccessible to some users.
            (<a href="http://b.android.com/35279">Issue 35279</a>)
            <ul>
              <li>All files and executables in the NDK release package are set to have read and
                execute permissions for all.</li>
              <li>The ownership/group of {@code libstdc++.a} is now preserved when copied.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Removed redundant {@code \r} from Windows prebuilt {@code echo.exe}. The redundant
          {@code \r} caused {@code gdb.setup} to fail in the GNU Debugger (GDB) because it
          incorrectly became part of the path.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/36054">Issue 36054</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed Windows parallel builds that sometimes failed due to timing issues in the
          {@code host-mkdir} implementation.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/25875">Issue 25875</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3 GNU {@code libstdc++} to <em>not</em> merge {@code typeinfo} names by
          default. For more details, see
          {@code toolchain repo gcc/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/typeinfo}.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/22165">Issue 22165</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed problem on {@code null} context in GCC 4.6
          {@code cp/mangle.c::write_unscoped_name}, where GCC may crash when the context is
          {@code null} and dereferenced in {@code TREE_CODE}.</li>
          <li>Fixed GCC 4.4.3 crashes on ARM NEON-specific type definitions for floats.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/34613">Issue 34613</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed the {@code STLport} internal {@code _IteWrapper::operator*()} implementation
          where a stale stack location holding the dereferenced value was returned and caused
          runtime crashes.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/38630">Issue 38630</a>)</li>

          <li>ARM-specific fixes:
            <ul>
              <li>Fixed ARM GCC 4.4.3/4.6 {@code g++} to not warn that the <em>mangling of
              &lt;va_list&gt; was changed in GCC 4.4</em>. The workaround using the
              {@code -Wno-psabi} switch to avoid this warning is no longer required.</li>
              <li>Fixed an issue when a project with {@code .arm} or {@code .neon} suffixes in
              {@code LOCAL_SRC_FILES} also used {@code APP_STL}. With {@code APP_STL}, the
              {@code ndk-build} script searches for C++ files in {@code LOCAL_SRC_FILES} before
              adding STL {@code header/lib} paths to compilation. Modified {@code ndk-build} to
              filter out {@code .arm} and {@code .neon} suffixes before the search, otherwise items
              in {@code LOCAL_SRC_FILES} like {@code myfile.cpp.arm.neon} won't be compiled as C++
              code.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code binutils-2.21/ld.bfd} to be capable of linking object from older
              binutils without {@code tag_FP_arch}, which was producing <em>assertion fail</em>
              error messages in GNU Binutils.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/35209">Issue 35209</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Removed <em>Unknown EABI object attribute 44</em> warning when
              {@code binutils-2.19/ld} links prebuilt object by newer {@code binutils-2.21}</li>
              <li>Fixed an issue in GNU {@code stdc++} compilation with both {@code -mthumb} and
              {@code -march=armv7-a}, by modifying {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} to populate
              {@code headers/libs} in sub-directory {@code armv7-a/thumb}.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/35616">Issue 35616</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed <em>unresolvable R_ARM_THM_CALL relocation</em> error.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/35342">Issue 35342</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed internal compiler error at {@code reload1.c:3633}, caused by the ARM
              back-end expecting the wrong operand type when sign-extend from {@code char}.
              (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50099">GCC Issue 50099</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed internal compiler error with negative shift amount.
              (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2011-10/msg00594.html">GCC Issue</a>)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>Fixed {@code -fstack-protector} for X86, which is also the default for the
          {@code ndk-build} x86 ABI target.</li>

          <li>MIPS-specific fixes:
            <ul>
              <li>Fixed {@code STLport} endian-ness by setting {@code _STLP_LITTLE_ENDIAN} to 1 when
              compiling MIPS {@code libstlport_*}.</li>
              <li>Fixed GCC {@code __builtin_unreachable} issue when compiling LLVM.
              (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54369">GCC Issue 54369</a>)</li>
              <li>Backported fix for {@code cc1} compile process consuming 100% CPU.
              (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50380">GCC Issue 50380</a>)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>GNU Debugger-specific fixes:
            <ul>
              <li>Disabled Python support in gdb-7.x at build, otherwise the gdb-7.x configure
              function may pick up whatever Python version is available on the host and build
              {@code gdb} with a hard-wired dependency on a specific version of Python.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/36120">Issue 36120</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed {@code ndk-gdb} when {@code APP_ABI} contains {@code all} and matchs none
              of the known architectures.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/35392">Issue 35392</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed Windows pathname support, by keeping the {@code :} character if it looks
              like it could be part of a Windows path starting with a drive letter.
              (<a href="http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12843">GDB Issue 12843</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed adding of hardware breakpoint support for ARM in {@code gdbserver}.
              (<a href="http://sourceware.org/ml/gdb-patches/2011-09/msg00200.html">GDB Issue</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Added fix to only read the current {@code solibs} when the linker is consistent.
              This change speeds up {@code solib} event handling.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/37677">Issue 37677</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Added fix to make repeated attempts to find {@code solib} breakpoints. GDB now
              retries {@code enable_break()} during every call to {@code svr4_current_sos()} until
              it succeeds.
              (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/43563">Change 43563</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed an issue where {@code gdb} would not stop on breakpoints placed in
              {@code dlopen-ed} libraries.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/34856">Issue 34856</a>)
              </li>
              <li>Fixed {@code SIGILL} in dynamic linker when calling {@code dlopen()}, on system
              where {@code /system/bin/linker} is stripped of symbols and
              {@code rtld_db_dlactivity()} is implemented as {@code Thumb}, due to not preserving
              {@code LSB} of {@code sym_addr}.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/37147">Issue 37147</a>)
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed NDK headers:
            <ul>
              <li>Fixed {@code arch-mips/include/asm/*} code that was incorrectly removed from
              original kernel. (<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/43335">Change
              43335</a>)</li>
              <li>Replaced struct member data {@code __unused} with {@code __linux_unused} in
              {@code linux/sysctl.h} and {@code linux/icmp.h} to avoid conflict with
              {@code #define __unused} in {@code sys/cdefs.h}.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code fenv.h} for enclosed C functions with {@code __BEGIN_DECLS} and
              {@code __END_DECLS}.</li>
              <li>Removed unimplemented functions in {@code malloc.h}.</li>
              <li>Fixed {@code stdint.h} defintion of {@code uint64_t} for ANSI compilers.
              (<a href="http://b.android.com/1952">Issue 1952</a>)</li>
              <li>Fixed preprocessor macros in {@code <arch>/include/machine/*}.</li>
              <li>Replaced {@code link.h} for MIPS with new version supporting all platforms.</li>
              <li>Removed {@code linux-unistd.h}</li>
              <li>Move GLibc-specific macros {@code LONG_LONG_MIN}, {@code LONG_LONG_MAX} and
              {@code ULONG_LONG_MAX} from {@code <pthread.h>} to {@code
<limits.h>}.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed a buffer overflow in {@code ndk-stack-parser}.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code _STLP_USE_EXCEPTIONS}, when not defined, to omit all declarations
          and uses of {@code __Named_exception}. Compiling and use of {@code __Named_exception}
          settings only occurs when {@code STLport} is allowed to use exceptions.</li>
          <li>Fixed building of Linux-only NDK packages without also building Windows code. Use the
          following settings to perform this type of build:
          <pre>./build/tools/make-release.sh --force --systems=linux-x86</pre></li>
          <li>Fixed {@code libc.so} so it does not export {@code atexit()} and {@code __do_handler}.
          These symbols are exported for ARM builds by the system version of the C library to
          support legacy native libraries. NDK-generated should never reference them directly.
          Instead, each shared library or executable should embed its own version of these symbols,
          provided by {@code crtbegin_*.o}.
          <p>If your project is linked with the {@code -nostdlib -Wl,--no-undefined} options, you
          must provide your own {@code __dso_handle} because {@code crtbegin_so.o} is not linked in
          this case. The content of {@code __dso_handle} does not matter, as shown in the following
          example code:</p>
<pre>
extern "C" {
  extern void *__dso_handle __attribute__((__visibility__ ("hidden")));
  void *__dso_handle;
}
</pre>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed symbol decoder for ARM used in {@code objdump} for {@code plt} entries to
          generate a more readable form {@code function@plt}.</li>
          <li>Removed the following symbols, introduced in GCC 4.6 {@code libgcc.a}, from
          the X86 platform {@code libc.so} library: {@code __aeabi_idiv0}, {@code __aeabi_ldiv0},
          {@code __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1}, and {@code __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2}.</li>
          <li>Removed unused {@code .ctors}, {@code .dtors}, and {@code .eh_frame} in MIPS
          {@code crt*_so.S}.</li>
          <li>Updated {@code ndk-gdb} so that it only takes the last line of output for
          {@code ndk-build} {@code DUMP_XXXX}. This change ensures that if {@code Application.mk} or
          {@code Android.mk} print something with {@code $(info ...)} syntax, it does not get
          injected into the result of {@code DUMP_XXXX}.
          (<a href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/android-ndk/-/ew0lTWGr1UEJ">More info</a>)</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Other changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Removed {@code arch-x86} and {@code arch-mips} headers from
          {@code platforms/android-[3,4,5,8]}. Those headers were incomplete, since both X86 and
          MIPS ABIs are only supported at API 9 or higher.</li>
          <li>Simplified c++ include path in standalone packages, as shown below.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/35279">Issue 35279</a>)
<pre>
&lt;path&gt;/arm-linux-androideabi/include/c++/4.6.x-google
  to:
&lt;path&gt;/include/c++/4.6/
</pre></li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build} to recognize more C++ file extensions by default:
          {@code .cc .cp .cxx .cpp .CPP .c++ .C}. You may still use {@code LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION} to
          overwrite these extension settings.</li>
          <li>Fixed an issue in {@code samples/san-angeles} that caused a black screen or freeze
          frame on re-launch.</li>
          <li>Replaced deprecated APIs in NDK samples.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/20017">Issue 20017</a>)
            <ul>
              <li>{@code hello-gl2} from android-5 to android-7</li>
              <li>{@code native-activity} from android-9 to android-10</li>
              <li>{@code native-audio} from android-9 to android-10</li>
              <li>{@code native-plasma} from android-9 to android-10</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Added new branding for Android executables with a simpler scheme in section
          {@code .note.android.ident} (defined in {@code crtbegin_static/dynamic.o}) so that
          debugging tools can act accordingly. The structure member and values are defined as
          follows:
<pre>
static const struct {
  int32_t namesz;  /* = 8,  sizeof ("Android") */
  int32_t descsz;  /* = 1 * sizeof(int32_t) */
  int32_t type;    /* = 1, ABI_NOTETYPE */
  char name[sizeof "Android"];  /* = "Android" */
  int32_t android_api; /* = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14 */
}
</pre>
            <p>The previous branding options in section {@code .note.ABI-tag} are deprecated.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Added a new script {@code run-tests-all.sh} which calls {@code run-tests.sh} and
          {@code standalone/run.sh} with various conditions. The script {@code run-tests.sh} runs
          without the {@code --abi} option, and is enhanced to compile most of the tests for all
          supported ABIs and run on all attached devices</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

  </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 8b</a> <em>(July 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>The main features of this release are a new GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 toolchain and
GNU Debugger (GDB) 7.3.x which adds debugging support for the Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system
image.</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed {@code LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS} issues on Mac OS, Windows Cygwin environments for
static libraries. List file generation is faster, and it is not regenerated to avoid repeated
project rebuilds.</li>
          <li>Fixed several issues in {@code ndk-gdb}:
            <ul>
              <li>Updated tool to pass flags {@code -e}, {@code -d} and {@code -s} to adb more
consistently.</li>
              <li>Updated tool to accept device serial names containing spaces.</li>
              <li>Updated tool to retrieve {@code /system/bin/link} information, so {@code gdb} on
the host can set a breakpoint in {@code __dl_rtld_db_dlactivity} and be aware of linker activity
(e.g., rescan {@code solib} symbols when {@code dlopen()} is called).</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build clean} on Windows, which was failing to remove
{@code ./libs/*/lib*.so}.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build.cmd} to return a non-zero {@code ERRORLEVEL} when {@code make}
fails.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code libc.so} to stop incorrectly exporting the {@code __exidx_start} and
{@code __exidx_end} symbols.</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code SEGV} when unwinding the stack past {@code __libc_init} for ARM and
MIPS.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Important changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added GCC 4.6 toolchain ({@code binutils} 2.21 with {@code gold} and GDB 7.3.x) to
co-exist with the original GCC 4.4.3 toolchain ({@code binutils} 2.19 and GDB 6.6).
            <ul>
              <li>GCC 4.6 is now the default toolchain. You may set {@code
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.4.3} in {@code Application.mk} to select the original one.</li>
              <li>Support for the {@code gold} linker is only available for ARM and x86
architectures on Linux and Mac OS hosts. This support is disabled by default. Add {@code
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -fuse-ld=gold} in {@code Android.mk} to enable it.</li>
              <li>Programs compiled with {@code -fPIE} require the new {@code GDB} for debugging,
including binaries in Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system images.</li>
              <li>The {@code binutils} 2.21 {@code ld} tool contains back-ported fixes from
version 2.22:
                <ul>
                  <li>Fixed {@code ld --gc-sections}, which incorrectly retains zombie references to
external libraries. (<a href="http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13177">more
info</a>).</li>
                  <li>Fixed ARM {@code strip} command to preserve the original {@code p_align} and
{@code p_flags} in {@code GNU_RELRO} section if they are valid. Without this fix, programs
built with {@code -fPIE} could not be debugged. (<a
href="http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/bfd/elf.c.diff?cvsroot=src&r1=1.552&r2=1.553">mor
e info</a>)</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
              <li>Disabled {@code sincos()} optimization for compatibility with older
                platforms.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>Updated build options to enable the Never eXecute (NX) bit and {@code relro}/{@code
bind_now} protections by default:
            <ul>
              <li>Added {@code --noexecstack} to assembler and {@code -z noexecstack} to linker
that provides NX protection against buffer overflow attacks by enabling NX bit on stack and
heap.</li>
              <li>Added {@code -z relro} and  {@code -z now} to linker for hardening of internal
data sections after linking to guard against security vulnerabilities caused by memory corruption.
(more info: <a href="http://www.akkadia.org/drepper/nonselsec.pdf">1</a>,
<a href="http://tk-blog.blogspot.com/2009/02/relro-not-so-well-known-memory.html">2</a>)</li>

              <li>These features can be disabled using the following options:
                <ol>
                  <li>Disable NX protection by setting the {@code --execstack} option for the
assembler and {@code -z execstack} for the linker.</li>
                  <li>Disable hardening of internal data by setting the {@code -z norelro} and
{@code -z lazy} options for the linker.</li>
                  <li>Disable these protections in the NDK {@code jni/Android.mk} by setting the
following options:
<pre>
LOCAL_DISABLE_NO_EXECUTE=true  # disable "--noexecstack" and "-z noexecstack"
DISABLE_RELRO=true             # disable "-z relro" and "-z now"
</pre>
                  </li>
                </ol>
                <p>See {@code docs/ANDROID-MK.html} for more details.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>Added branding for Android executables with the {@code .note.ABI-tag} section (in
{@code crtbegin_static/dynamic.o}) so that debugging tools can act accordingly. The structure
member and values are defined as follows:
<pre>
static const struct {
  int32_t namesz;  /* = 4,  sizeof ("GNU") */
  int32_t descsz;  /* = 6 * sizeof(int32_t) */
  int32_t type;    /* = 1 */
  char  name[sizeof "GNU"];  /* = "GNU" */
  int32_t os;      /* = 0 */
  int32_t major;   /* = 2 */
  int32_t minor;   /* = 6 */
  int32_t teeny;   /* = 15 */
  int32_t os_variant;  /* = 1 */
  int32_t android_api; /* = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14 */
}</pre>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed {@code mips-linux-gnu} relocation truncated to fit {@code R_MIPS_TLS_LDM} issue.
            (<a href="http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12637">more info</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ld} tool segfaults when using {@code --gc-sections}.
            (<a href="http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12845">more info</a>)
          </li>
          <li>Fixed MIPS {@code GOT_PAGE} counting issue.
            (<a href="http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2011-05/msg00198.html">more info</a>)</li>
          <li>Fixed follow warning symbol link for {@code mips_elf_count_got_symbols}.</li>
          <li>Fixed follow warning symbol link for {@code mips_elf_allocate_lazy_stub}.</li>
          <li>Moved MIPS {@code .dynamic} to the data segment, so that it is writable.</li>
          <li>Replaced hard-coded values for symbols with correct segment sizes for MIPS.</li>
          <li>Removed the {@code -mno-shared} option from the defaults in the MIPS toolchain.
The default for Android toolchain is {@code -fPIC} (or {@code -fpic} if supported). If you do not
explicitly specify {@code -mshared}, {@code -fpic}, {@code -fPIC}, {@code -fpie}, or {@code -fPIE},
the MIPS compiler adds {@code -mno-shared} that turns off PIC. Fixed compiler not to add
{@code -mno-shared} in this case.</li>
          <li>Fixed wrong package names in samples {@code hello-jni} and {@code two-libs} so that
the {@code tests} project underneath it can compile.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Other Changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Changed locations of binaries:
            <ul>
              <li>Moved {@code gdbserver} from
{@code toolchain/<arch-os-ver>/prebuilt/gdbserver} to
{@code prebuilt/android-<arch>/gdbserver/gdbserver}.</li>
              <li>Renamed x86 toolchain prefix from {@code i686-android-linux-} to
{@code i686-linux-android-}.</li>
              <li>Moved {@code sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/include} and {@code lib} to
{@code sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6} when compiled with GCC 4.6, or
{@code sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.4.3} when compiled with GCC 4.4.3.</li>
              <li>Moved {@code libbfd.a} and {@code libintl.a} from {@code lib/} to {@code
lib32/}.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>Added and improved various scripts in the rebuild and test NDK toolchain:
            <ul>
              <li>Added {@code build-mingw64-toolchain.sh} to generate a new Linux-hosted toolchain
that generates Win32 and Win64 executables.</li>
              <li>Improved speed of {@code download-toolchain-sources.sh} by using the {@code
clone} command and only using {@code checkout} for the directories that are needed to build the NDK
toolchain binaries.</li>
              <li>Added {@code build-host-gcc.sh} and {@code build-host-gdb.sh} scripts.</li>
              <li>Added {@code tests/check-release.sh} to check the content of a given NDK
installation directory, or an existing NDK package.</li>
              <li>Rewrote the {@code tests/standalone/run.sh} standalone tests .</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Removed {@code if_dl.h} header from all platforms and architectures. The {@code
AF_LINK} and {@code sockaddr_dl} elements it describes are specific to BSD (i.e., they don't exist
in Linux).</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

  </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 8</a> <em>(May 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>This release of the NDK includes support for MIPS ABI and a few additional fixes.</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>New features:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added support for the MIPS ABI, which allows you to generate machine code that runs on
            compatible MIPS-based Android devices. Major features for MIPS include MIPS-specific
            toolchains, system headers, libraries and debugging support. For more details regarding
            MIPS support, see {@code docs/CPU-MIPS.html} in the NDK package.

              <p>By default, code is generated for ARM-based devices. You can add {@code mips} to
              your {@code APP_ABI} definition in your {@code Application.mk} file to build
              for MIPS platforms. For example, the following line instructs {@code ndk-build}
              to build your code for three distinct ABIs:</p>

              <pre>APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a <strong>mips</strong></pre>

              <p>Unless you rely on architecture-specific assembly sources, such as ARM assembly
              code, you should not need to touch your {@code Android.mk} files to build MIPS
              machine code.</p>
          </li>

          <li>You can build a standalone MIPS toolchain using the {@code --arch=mips}
          option when calling <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code>. See
          {@code docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html} for more details.
          </li>
        </ul>

        <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> To ensure that your applications are available
to users only if their devices are capable of running them, Google Play filters applications based
on the instruction set information included in your application ? no action is needed on your part
to enable the filtering. Additionally, the Android system itself also checks your application at
install time and allows the installation to continue only if the application provides a library that
is compiled for the device's CPU architecture.</p>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed a typo in GAbi++ implementation where the result of {@code
          dynamic_cast<D>(b)} of base class object {@code b} to derived class {@code D} is
          incorrectly adjusted in the opposite direction from the base class.
          (<a href="http://b.android.com/28721">Issue 28721</a>)
          </li>
          <li>Fixed an issue in which {@code make-standalone-toolchain.sh} fails to copy
          {@code libsupc++.*}.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build.cmd} to ensure that {@code ndk-build.cmd} works correctly even
          if the user has redefined the {@code SHELL} environment variable, which may be changed
          when installing a variety of development tools in Windows environments.
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 7c</a> <em>(April 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>This release of the NDK includes an important fix for Tegra2-based devices, and a few
additional fixes and improvements:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed GNU STL armeabi-v7a binaries to not crash on non-NEON
  devices. The files provided with NDK r7b were not configured properly,
  resulting in crashes on Tegra2-based devices and others when trying to use
  certain floating-point functions (e.g., {@code cosf}, {@code sinf}, {@code expf}).</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added support for custom output directories through the {@code NDK_OUT}
  environment variable. When defined, this variable is used to store all
  intermediate generated files, instead of {@code $PROJECT_PATH/obj}. The variable is
  also recognized by {@code ndk-gdb}. </li>
          <li>Added support for building modules with hundreds or even thousands of source
  files by defining {@code LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS} to {@code true} in your {@code Android.mk}.
            <p>This change forces the NDK build system to put most linker or archiver options
  into list files, as a work-around for command-line length limitations.
  See {@code docs/ANDROID-MK.html} for details.</p>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Fixed {@code android_getCpuCount()} implementation in the {@code cpufeatures}
helper library. On certain devices, where cores are enabled dynamically by the system, the previous
implementation would report the total number of <em>active</em> cores the first time the function
was called, rather than the total number of <em>physically available</em> cores.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 7b</a> <em>(February 2012)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>This release of the NDK includes fixes for native Windows builds, Cygwin and many other
      improvements:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Updated {@code sys/atomics.h} to avoid correctness issues
            on some multi-core ARM-based devices. Rebuild your unmodified sources with this
            version of the NDK and this problem should be completely eliminated.
            For more details, read {@code docs/ANDROID-ATOMICS.html}.</li>
          <li>Reverted to {@code binutils} 2.19 to fix debugging issues that
            appeared in NDK r7 (which switched to {@code binutils} 2.20.1).</li>
          <li>Fixed {@code ndk-build} on 32-bit Linux. A packaging error put a 64-bit version
            of the {@code awk} executable under {@code prebuilt/linux-x86/bin} in NDK r7.</li>
          <li>Fixed native Windows build ({@code ndk-build.cmd}). Other build modes were not
            affected. The fixes include:
            <ul>
              <li>Removed an infinite loop / stack overflow bug that happened when trying
                to call {@code ndk-build.cmd} from a directory that was <em>not</em> the top of
                your project path (e.g., in any sub-directory of it).</li>
              <li>Fixed a problem where the auto-generated dependency files were ignored. This
                meant that updating a header didn't trigger recompilation of sources that included
                it.</li>
              <li>Fixed a problem where special characters in files or paths, other than spaces and
                quotes, were not correctly handled.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed the standalone toolchain to generate proper binaries when using
            {@code -lstdc++} (i.e., linking against the GNU {@code libstdc++} C++ runtime). You
            should use {@code -lgnustl_shared} if you want to link against the shared library
            version or {@code -lstdc++} for the static version.

            <p>See {@code docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html} for more details about this fix.</p>
          </li>
          <li>Fixed {@code gnustl_shared} on Cygwin. The linker complained that it couldn't find
            {@code libsupc++.a} even though the file was at the right location.</li>
          <li>Fixed Cygwin C++ link when not using any specific C++ runtime through
            {@code APP_STL}.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <dl>
      <dt>Other changes:</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>When your application uses the GNU {@code libstdc++} runtime, the compiler will
            no longer forcibly enable exceptions and RTTI. This change results in smaller code.
            <p>If you need these features, you must do one of the following:</p>
            <ul>
              <li>Enable exceptions and/or RTTI explicitly in your modules or
                {@code Application.mk}. (recommended)</li>
              <li>Define {@code APP_GNUSTL_FORCE_CPP_FEATURES} to {@code 'exceptions'},
                {@code 'rtti'} or both in your {@code Application.mk}. See
                {@code docs/APPLICATION-MK.html} for more details.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>{@code ndk-gdb} now works properly when your application has private services
            running in independent processes. It debugs the main application process, instead of the
            first process listed by {@code ps}, which is usually a service process.</li>
          <li>Fixed a rare bug where NDK r7 would fail to honor the {@code LOCAL_ARM_MODE} value
            and always compile certain source files (but not all) to 32-bit instructions.</li>
          <li>{@code STLport}: Refresh the sources to match the Android platform version. This
            update fixes a few minor bugs:
            <ul>
               <li>Fixed instantiation of an incomplete type</li>
               <li>Fixed minor "==" versus "=" typo</li>
               <li>Used {@code memmove} instead of {@code memcpy} in {@code string::assign}</li>
               <li>Added better handling of {@code IsNANorINF}, {@code IsINF}, {@code IsNegNAN},
                 etc.</li>
             </ul>
             <p>For complete details, see the commit log.</p>
          </li>
          <li>{@code STLport}: Removed 5 unnecessary static initializers from the library.</li>
          <li>The GNU libstdc++ libraries for armeabi-v7a were mistakenly compiled for
            armeabi instead. This change had no impact on correctness, but using the right
            ABI should provide slightly better performance.</li>
          <li>The {@code cpu-features} helper library was updated to report three optional
            x86 CPU features ({@code SSSE3}, {@code MOVBE} and {@code POPCNT}). See
            {@code docs/CPU-FEATURES.html} for more details.</li>
          <li>{@code docs/NDK-BUILD.html} was updated to mention {@code NDK_APPLICATION_MK} instead
            of {@code NDK_APP_APPLICATION_MK} to select a custom {@code Application.mk} file.</li>
          <li>Cygwin: {@code ndk-build} no longer creates an empty "NUL" file in the current
            directory when invoked.</li>
          <li>Cygwin: Added better automatic dependency detection. In the previous version, it
            didn't work properly in the following cases:
            <ul>
              <li>When the Cygwin drive prefix was not {@code /cygdrive}.</li>
              <li>When using drive-less mounts, for example, when Cygwin would translate
                {@code /home} to {@code \\server\subdir} instead of {@code C:\Some\Dir}.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>Cygwin: {@code ndk-build} does not try to use the native Windows tools under
            {@code $NDK/prebuilt/windows/bin} with certain versions of Cygwin and/or GNU Make.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 7</a> <em>(November 2011)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>This release of the NDK includes new features to support the Android 4.0 platform as well
    as many other additions and improvements:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>New features</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Added official NDK APIs for Android 4.0 (API level 14), which adds the following
          native features to the platform:

            <ul>
              <li>Added native multimedia API based on the Khronos Group OpenMAX AL? 1.0.1
              standard. The new <code>&lt;OMXAL/OpenMAXAL.h&gt;</code> and
              <code>&lt;OMXAL/OpenMAXAL_Android.h&gt;</code> headers allow applications targeting
              API level 14 to perform multimedia output directly from native code by using a new
              Android-specific buffer queue interface. For more details, see
              <code>docs/openmaxal/index.html</code> and <a href=
              "http://www.khronos.org/openmax/">http://www.khronos.org/openmax/</a>.</li>

              <li>Updated the native audio API based on the Khronos Group OpenSL ES 1.0.1?
              standard. With API Level 14, you can now decode compressed audio (e.g. MP3, AAC,
              Vorbis) to PCM. For more details, see <code>docs/opensles/index.html</code> and
              <a href=
              "http://www.khronos.org/opensles">http://www.khronos.org/opensles/</a>.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>

          <li>Added CCache support. To speed up large rebuilds, define the
          <code>NDK_CCACHE</code> environment variable to <code>ccache</code> (or the path to
          your <code>ccache</code> binary). When declared, the NDK build system automatically
          uses CCache when compiling any source file. For example:
            <pre>
export NDK_CCACHE=ccache
</pre>
          <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> CCache is not included in the NDK release
          so you must have it installed prior to using it. For more information about CCache, see
          <a href="http://ccache.samba.org">http://ccache.samba.org</a>.</p>
          </li>

          <li>Added support for setting <code>APP_ABI</code> to <code>all</code> to indicate that
          you want to build your NDK modules for all the ABIs supported by your given NDK
          release. This means that either one of the following two lines in your
          <code>Application.mk</code> are equivalent with this release:
            <pre>
APP_ABI := all
APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a x86
</pre>

            <p>This also works if you define <code>APP_ABI</code> when calling
            <code>ndk-build</code> from the command-line, which is a quick way to check that your
            project builds for all supported ABIs without changing the project's
            <code>Application.mk file</code>. For example:</p>
            <pre>
ndk-build APP_ABI=all
</pre>
          </li>

          <li>Added a <code>LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES</code> variable in <code>Android.mk</code> that
          allows you to declare which C++ features (RTTI or Exceptions) your module uses. This
          ensures that the final linking works correctly if you have prebuilt modules that depend
          on these features. See <code>docs/ANDROID-MK.html</code> and
          <code>docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html</code> for more details.</li>

          <li>Shortened paths to source and object files that are used in build commands. When
          invoking <code>$NDK/ndk-build</code> from your project path, the paths to the source,
          object, and binary files that are passed to the build commands are significantly
          shorter now, because they are passed relative to the current directory. This is useful
          when building projects with a lot of source files, to avoid limits on the maximum
          command line length supported by your host operating system. The behavior is unchanged
          if you invoke <code>ndk-build</code> from a sub-directory of your project tree, or if
          you define <code>NDK_PROJECT_PATH</code> to point to a specific directory.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Experimental features</dt>

      <dd>
        You can now build your NDK source files on Windows <em>without</em> Cygwin by calling the
        <code>ndk-build.cmd</code> script from the command line from your project path. The
        script takes exactly the same arguments as the original <code>ndk-build</code> script.
        The Windows NDK package comes with its own prebuilt binaries for GNU Make, Awk and other
        tools required by the build. You should not need to install anything else to get a
        working build system.

        <p class="caution"><strong>Important:</strong> <code>ndk-gdb</code> does not work on
        Windows, so you still need Cygwin to debug.</p>

        <p>This feature is still experimental, so feel free to try it and report issues on the
        <a href="http://b.android.com">public bug database</a> or <a href=
        "http://groups.google.com/group/android-ndk">public forum</a>. All samples and unit tests
        shipped with the NDK succesfully compile with this feature.</p>
      </dd>

      <dt>Important bug fixes</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Imported shared libraries are now installed by default to the target installation
          location (<code>libs/&lt;abi&gt;</code>) if <code>APP_MODULES</code> is not defined in
          your <code>Application.mk</code>. For example, if a top-level module <code>foo</code>
          imports a module <code>bar</code>, then both <code>libfoo.so</code> and
          <code>libbar.so</code> are copied to the install location. Previously, only
          <code>libfoo.so</code> was copied, unless you listed <code>bar</code> in your
          <code>APP_MODULES</code> too. If you define <code>APP_MODULES</code> explicitly, the
          behavior is unchanged.</li>

          <li><code>ndk-gdb</code> now works correctly for activities with multiple categories in
          their MAIN intent filters.</li>

          <li>Static library imports are now properly transitive. For example, if a top-level
          module <code>foo</code> imports static library <code>bar</code> that imports static
          library <code>zoo</code>, the <code>libfoo.so</code> will now be linked against both
          <code>libbar.a</code> and <code>libzoo.a</code>.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Other changes</dt>

      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li><code>docs/NATIVE-ACTIVITY.HTML</code>: Fixed typo. The minimum API level should be
          9, not 8 for native activities.</li>

          <li><code>docs/STABLE-APIS.html</code>: Added missing documentation listing EGL as a
          supported stable API, starting from API level 9.</li>

          <li><code>download-toolchain-sources.sh</code>: Updated to download the toolchain
          sources from <a href="http://android.googlesource.com">android.googlesource.com</a>,
          which is the new location for the AOSP servers.</li>

          <li>Added a new C++ support runtime named <code>gabi++</code>. More details about it
          are available in the updated <code>docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html</code>.</li>

          <li>Added a new C++ support runtime named <code>gnustl_shared</code> that corresponds
          to the shared library version of GNU libstdc++ v3 (GPLv3 license). See more info at
          <code>docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html</code></li>

          <li>Added support for RTTI in the STLport C++ runtimes (no support for
          exceptions).</li>

          <li>Added support for multiple file extensions in <code>LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION</code>. For
          example, to compile both <code>foo.cpp</code> and <code>bar.cxx</code> as C++ sources,
          declare the following:
            <pre>
LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION := .cpp .cxx
</pre>
          </li>

          <li>Removed many unwanted exported symbols from the link-time shared system libraries
          provided by the NDK. This ensures that code generated with the standalone toolchain
          doesn't risk to accidentally depend on a non-stable ABI symbol (e.g. any libgcc.a
          symbol that changes each time the toolchain used to build the platform is changed)</li>

          <li>Refreshed the EGL and OpenGLES Khronos headers to support more extensions. Note
          that this does <em>not</em> change the NDK ABIs for the corresponding libraries,
          because each extension must be probed at runtime by the client application.

            <p>The extensions that are available depend on your actual device and GPU drivers,
            not the platform version the device runs on. The header changes simply add new
            constants and types to make it easier to use the extensions when they have been
            probed with <code>eglGetProcAddress()</code> or <code>glGetProcAddress()</code>. The
            following list describes the newly supported extensions:</p>

            <dl>
              <dt>GLES 1.x</dt>

              <dd>
                <ul>
                  <li><code>GL_OES_vertex_array_object</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_EGL_image_external</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_APPLE_texture_2D_limited_npot</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_blend_minmax</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_read_format_bgra</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_read_format</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_texture_env_enhanced_fixed_function</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_user_clip_plane</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_NV_fence</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_driver_control</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_extended_get</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_extended_get2</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_perfmon_global_mode</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering</code></li>
                </ul>
              </dd>

              <dt>GLES 2.0</dt>

              <dd>
                <ul>
                  <li><code>GL_OES_element_index_uint</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_get_program_binary</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_mapbuffer</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_texture_3D</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_texture_float</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_texture_float_linear</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_texture_npot</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_vertex_array_object</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_OES_EGL_image_external</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_AMD_program_binary_Z400</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_blend_minmax</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_read_format_bgra</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_program_binary</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_read_format</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_shader_binary</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_NV_coverage_sample</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_NV_depth_nonlinear</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_extended_get</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_extended_get2</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering</code></li>

                  <li><code>GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering</code></li>
                </ul>
              </dd>

              <dt>EGL</dt>

              <dd>
                <ul>
                  <li><code>EGL_ANDROID_recordable</code></li>

                  <li><code>EGL_NV_system_time</code></li>
                </ul>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>


<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 6b</a> <em>(August 2011)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r6. The r6b release
      addresses the following issues in the r6 release:</p>
      <dl>
        <dt>Important bug fixes</dt>
        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Fixed the build when <code>APP_ABI="armeabi x86"</code> is used for
            multi-architecture builds.</li>
            <li>Fixed the location of prebuilt STLport binaries in the NDK release package.
            A bug in the packaging script placed them in the wrong location.</li>
            <li>Fixed <code>atexit()</code> usage in shared libraries with the x86standalone
            toolchain.</li>
            <li>Fixed <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh --arch=x86</code>. It used to fail
            to copy the proper GNU libstdc++ binaries to the right location.</li>
            <li>Fixed the standalone toolchain linker warnings about missing the definition and
            size for the <code>__dso_handle</code> symbol (ARM only).</li>
            <li>Fixed the inclusion order of <code>$(SYSROOT)/usr/include</code> for x86 builds.
            See the <a href="http://b.android.com/18540">bug</a> for
            more information.</li>
            <li>Fixed the definitions of <code>ptrdiff_t</code> and <code>size_t</code> in
            x86-specific systems when they are used with the x86 standalone toolchain.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 6</a> <em>(July 2011)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>This release of the NDK includes support for the x86 ABI and other minor changes.
      For detailed information describing the changes in this release, read the
      <code>CHANGES.HTML</code> document included in the NDK package.
      </p>
      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>
        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Adds support for the x86 ABI, which allows you to generate machine code
            that runs on compatible x86-based Android devices. Major features for x86
            include x86-specific toolchains, system headers, libraries and
            debugging support. For all of the details regarding x86 support,
            see <code>docs/CPU-X86.html</code> in the NDK package.

              <p>By default, code is generated for ARM-based devices, but you can add x86 to your
              <code>APP_ABI</code> definition in your <code>Application.mk</code> file to build
              for x86 platforms. For example, the following line instructs <code>ndk-build</code>
              to build your code for three distinct ABIs:</p>

              <pre>APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a x86</pre>

              <p>Unless you rely on ARM-based assembly sources, you shouldn't need to touch
              your <code>Android.mk</code> files to build x86 machine code.</p>

            </li>

            <li>You can build a standalone x86 toolchain using the
<code>--toolchain=x86-4.4.3</code>
            option when calling <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code>. See
            <code>docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html</code> for more details.
            </li>
            <li>The new <code>ndk-stack</code> tool lets you translate stack traces in
            <code>logcat</code> that are generated by native code. The tool translates
            instruction addresses into a readable format that contains things such
            as the function, source file, and line number corresponding to each stack frame.
            For more information and a usage example, see <code>docs/NDK-STACK.html</code>.
            </li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
        <dt>Other changes:</dt>
        <dd><code>arm-eabi-4.4.0</code>, which had been deprecated since NDK r5, has been
        removed from the NDK distribution.</dd>

      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 5c</a> <em>(June 2011)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
    <p>This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r5b. The r5c release
    addresses the following problems in the r5b release:</p>
    <dl>
      <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li><code>ndk-build</code>: Fixed a rare bug that appeared when trying to perform parallel
          builds of debuggable projects.</li>

          <li>Fixed a typo that prevented <code>LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES</code> to work
          correctly with the new toolchain and added documentation for this in
          <code>docs/ANDROID-MK.html</code>.</li>

          <li>Fixed a bug where code linked against <code>gnustl_static</code> crashed when run on
          platform releases older than API level 8 (Android 2.2).</li>

          <li><code>ndk-gdb</code>: Fixed a bug that caused a segmentation fault when debugging
Android 3.0
          or newer devices.</li>

          <li><code>&lt;android/input.h&gt;</code>: Two functions that were introduced in API level
          9 (Android 2.3) were incorrect and are fixed. While this breaks the source API, the
          binary interface to the system is unchanged. The incorrect functions were missing a
          <code>history_index</code> parameter, and the correct definitions are shown below:
<pre>
float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalRawX(const AInputEvent* motion_event,
                                           size_t pointer_index,
                                           size_t history_index);

float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalRawY(const AInputEvent* motion_event,
                                           size_t pointer_index,
                                           size_t history_index);
</pre>
          </li>

          <li>Updated the C library ARM binary for API level 9 (Android 2.3) to correctly expose at
          link time new functions that were added in that API level (for example,
          <code>pthread_rwlock_init</code>).</li>

        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>Minor improvements and fixes:</dt>
      <dd>
        <ul>
          <li>Object files are now always linked in the order they appear in
          <code>LOCAL_SRC_FILES</code>. This was not the case previously because the files were
          grouped by source extensions instead.</li>

          <li>When <code>import-module</code> fails, it now prints the list of directories that
          were searched. This is useful to check that the <code>NDK_MODULE_PATH</code> definition
          used by the build system is correct.</li>

          <li>When <code>import-module</code> succeeds, it now prints the directory where the
          module was found to the log (visible with <code>NDK_LOG=1</code>).</li>

          <li>Increased the build speed of debuggable applications when there is a very large number
          of include directories in the project.</li>

          <li><code>ndk-gdb</code>: Better detection of <code>adb shell</code> failures and improved
          error messages.</li>

          <li><code>&lt;pthread.h&gt;</code>: Fixed the definition of
          <code>PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER</code> for API level 9 (Android 2.3) and higher.</li>

          <li>Fixed an issue where a module could import itself, resulting in an infinite loop in
          GNU Make.</li>

          <li>Fixed a bug that caused the build to fail if <code>LOCAL_ARM_NEON</code> was set to
          true (typo in <code>build/core/build-binary.mk</code>).</li>

          <li>Fixed a bug that prevented the compilation of <code>.s</code> assembly files
          (<code>.S</code> files were okay).</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 5b</a> <em>(January 2011)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r5. The r5b release
addresses the
      following problems in the r5 release:
      </p>
      <ul>
    <li>The r5 binaries required glibc 2.11, but the r5b binaries are generated with a special
    toolchain that targets glibc 2.7 or higher instead. The Linux toolchain binaries now run on
Ubuntu 8.04 or higher. </li>
    <li>Fixes a compiler bug in the arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3 toolchain.
    The previous binary generated invalid thumb instruction sequences when
    dealing with signed chars.</li>
    <li>Adds missing documentation for the
    "gnustl_static" value for APP_STL, that allows you to link against
    a static library version of GNU libstdc++. </li> the
    <li>Fixed the following <code>ndk-build</code> issues:
      <ul>
        <li>A bug that created inconsistent dependency files when a
        compilation error occured on Windows. This prevented a proper build after
        the error was fixed in the source code.</li>
        <li>A Cygwin-specific bug where using very short paths for
        the Android NDK installation or the project path led to the
        generation of invalid dependency files. This made incremental builds
        impossible.</li>
        <li>A typo that prevented the cpufeatures library from working correctly
        with the new NDK toolchain.</li>
        <li>Builds in Cygwin are faster by avoiding calls to <code>cygpath -m</code>
        from GNU Make for every source or object file, which caused problems
        with very large source trees. In case this doesn't work properly, define
<code>NDK_USE_CYGPATH=1</code> in your
        environment to use <code>cygpath -m</code> again.</li>
        <li>The Cygwin installation now notifies the user of invalid installation paths that
contain spaces. Previously, an invalid path
        would output an error that complained about an incorrect version of GNU Make, even if the
right one was installed.
      </ul>
    </li>
  <li>Fixed a typo that prevented the <code>NDK_MODULE_PATH</code> environment variable from
working properly when
  it contained multiple directories separated with a colon. </li>
  <li>The <code>prebuilt-common.sh</code> script contains fixes to check the compiler for 64-bit
  generated machine code, instead of relying on the host tag, which
  allows the 32-bit toolchain to rebuild properly on Snow Leopard. The toolchain rebuild scripts
now also support
  using a 32-bit host toolchain.</li>
  <li>A missing declaration for <code>INET_ADDRSTRLEN</code> was added to
<code>&lt;netinet/in.h&gt;</code>.</li>
  <li>Missing declarations for <code>IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL</code> and
<code>IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_GLOBAL</code> were added to <code>&lt;netinet/in6.h&gt;</code>.</li>
  <li>'asm' was replaced with '__asm__' in <code>&lt;asm/byteorder.h&gt;</code> to allow
compilation with <code>-std=c99</code>.</li>
  </ul>
  </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 5</a> <em>(December 2010)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>This release of the NDK includes many new APIs, most of which are introduced to
         support the development of games and similar applications that make extensive use
         of native code. Using the APIs, developers have direct native access to events, audio,
         graphics and window management, assets, and storage. Developers can also implement the
         Android application lifecycle in native code with help from the new
         {@link android.app.NativeActivity} class. For detailed information describing the changes
in this
         release, read the <code>CHANGES.HTML</code> document included in the downloaded NDK
package.
      </p>
      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>
        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Adds support for native activities, which allows you to implement the
            Android application lifecycle in native code.</li>

            <li>Adds native support for the following:

              <ul>

                <li>Input subsystem (such as the keyboard and touch screen)</li>

                <li>Access to sensor data (accelerometer, compass, gyroscope, etc).</li>

                <li>Event loop APIs to wait for things such as input and sensor events.</li>

                <li>Window and surface subsystem</li>

                <li>Audio APIs based on the OpenSL ES standard that support playback and recording
                as well as control over platform audio effects</li>

                <li>Access to assets packaged in an <code>.apk</code> file.</li>

              </ul>
            </li>

            <li>Includes a new toolchain (based on GCC 4.4.3), which generates better code, and can
also now
            be used as a standalone cross-compiler, for people who want to build their stuff with
            <code>./configure &amp;&amp; make</code>. See
            docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html for the details. The binaries for GCC 4.4.0 are still
provided,
            but the 4.2.1 binaries were removed.</li>

            <li>Adds support for prebuilt static and shared libraries (docs/PREBUILTS.html) and
module
            exports and imports to make sharing and reuse of third-party modules much easier
            (docs/IMPORT-MODULE.html explains why).</li>

            <li>Provides a default C++ STL implementation (based on STLport) as a helper module. It
can be used either
            as a static or shared library (details and usage examples are in
sources/android/stlport/README). Prebuilt
            binaries for STLport (static or shared) and GNU libstdc++ (static only) are also
provided if you choose to
            compile against those libraries instead of the default C++ STL implementation.
            C++ Exceptions and RTTI are not supported in the default STL implementation. For more
information, see
            docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.HTML.</li>

            <li>Includes improvements to the <code>cpufeatures</code> helper library that improves
reporting
            of the CPU type (some devices previously reported ARMv7 CPU when the device really was
an ARMv6). We
            recommend developers that use this library to rebuild their applications then
            upload to Google Play to benefit from the improvements.</li>

            <li>Adds an EGL library that lets you create and manage OpenGL ES textures and
              services.</li>

            <li>Adds new sample applications, <code>native-plasma</code> and
<code>native-activity</code>,
            to demonstrate how to write a native activity.</li>

            <li>Includes many bugfixes and other small improvements; see docs/CHANGES.html for a
more
              detailed list of changes.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 4b</a> <em>(June 2010)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <dl>
        <dt>NDK r4b notes:</dt>

        <dd>
          <p>Includes fixes for several issues in the NDK build and debugging scripts &mdash; if
          you are using NDK r4, we recommend downloading the NDK r4b build. For detailed
          information describing the changes in this release, read the CHANGES.TXT document
          included in the downloaded NDK package.</p>
        </dd>
      </dl>

      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>

        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Provides a simplified build system through the new <code>ndk-build</code> build
            command.</li>

            <li>Adds support for easy native debugging of generated machine code on production
            devices through the new <code>ndk-gdb</code> command.</li>

            <li>Adds a new Android-specific ABI for ARM-based CPU architectures,
            <code>armeabi-v7a</code>. The new ABI extends the existing <code>armeabi</code> ABI to
            include these CPU instruction set extensions:

              <ul>
                <li>Thumb-2 instructions</li>

                <li>VFP hardware FPU instructions (VFPv3-D16)</li>

                <li>Optional support for ARM Advanced SIMD (NEON) GCC intrinsics and VFPv3-D32.
                Supported by devices such as Verizon Droid by Motorola, Google Nexus One, and
                others.</li>
              </ul>
            </li>

            <li>Adds a new <code>cpufeatures</code> static library (with sources) that lets your
            app detect the host device's CPU features at runtime. Specifically, applications can
            check for ARMv7-A support, as well as VFPv3-D32 and NEON support, then provide separate
            code paths as needed.</li>

            <li>Adds a sample application, <code>hello-neon</code>, that illustrates how to use the
            <code>cpufeatures</code> library to check CPU features and then provide an optimized
            code path using NEON instrinsics, if supported by the CPU.</li>

            <li>Lets you generate machine code for either or both of the instruction sets supported
            by the NDK. For example, you can build for both ARMv5 and ARMv7-A architectures at the
            same time and have everything stored to your application's final
            <code>.apk</code>.</li>

            <li>To ensure that your applications are available to users only if their devices are
            capable of running them, Google Play now filters applications based on the
            instruction set information included in your application &mdash; no action is needed on
            your part to enable the filtering. Additionally, the Android system itself also checks
            your application at install time and allows the installation to continue only if the
            application provides a library that is compiled for the device's CPU architecture.</li>

            <li>Adds support for Android 2.2, including a new stable API for accessing the pixel
            buffers of {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} objects from native code.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 3</a> <em>(March 2010)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>

        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Adds OpenGL ES 2.0 native library support.</li>

            <li>Adds a sample application,<code>hello-gl2</code>, that illustrates the use of
            OpenGL ES 2.0 vertex and fragment shaders.</li>

            <li>The toolchain binaries have been refreshed for this release with GCC 4.4.0, which
            should generate slightly more compact and efficient machine code than the previous one
            (4.2.1). The NDK also still provides the 4.2.1 binaries, which you can optionally use
            to build your machine code.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 2</a> <em>(September 2009)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>Originally released as "Android 1.6 NDK, Release 1".</p>

      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>

        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Adds OpenGL ES 1.1 native library support.</li>

            <li>Adds a sample application, <code>san-angeles</code>, that renders 3D graphics
            through the native OpenGL ES APIs, while managing activity lifecycle with a {@link
            android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} object.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">
  <p><a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)">
    <img src="{@docRoot}assets/images/styles/disclosure_down.png" class="toggle-content-img"
      alt="">Android NDK, Revision 1</a> <em>(June 2009)</em>
  </p>

  <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">
      <p>Originally released as "Android 1.5 NDK, Release 1".</p>

      <dl>
        <dt>General notes:</dt>

        <dd>
          <ul>
            <li>Includes compiler support (GCC) for ARMv5TE instructions, including Thumb-1
            instructions.</li>

            <li>Includes system headers for stable native APIs, documentation, and sample
            applications.</li>
          </ul>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>
  </div>





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