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1 //===--- CGCXX.cpp - Emit LLVM Code for declarations ----------------------===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // This contains code dealing with C++ code generation.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 
14 // We might split this into multiple files if it gets too unwieldy
15 
16 #include "CodeGenModule.h"
17 #include "CGCXXABI.h"
18 #include "CodeGenFunction.h"
19 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
20 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
21 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
22 #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
23 #include "clang/AST/Mangle.h"
24 #include "clang/AST/RecordLayout.h"
25 #include "clang/AST/StmtCXX.h"
26 #include "clang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h"
27 #include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
28 using namespace clang;
29 using namespace CodeGen;
30 
31 
32 /// Try to emit a base destructor as an alias to its primary
33 /// base-class destructor.
TryEmitBaseDestructorAsAlias(const CXXDestructorDecl * D)34 bool CodeGenModule::TryEmitBaseDestructorAsAlias(const CXXDestructorDecl *D) {
35   if (!getCodeGenOpts().CXXCtorDtorAliases)
36     return true;
37 
38   // Producing an alias to a base class ctor/dtor can degrade debug quality
39   // as the debugger cannot tell them apart.
40   if (getCodeGenOpts().OptimizationLevel == 0)
41     return true;
42 
43   // If sanitizing memory to check for use-after-dtor, do not emit as
44   //  an alias, unless this class owns no members.
45   if (getCodeGenOpts().SanitizeMemoryUseAfterDtor &&
46       !D->getParent()->field_empty())
47     return true;
48 
49   // If the destructor doesn't have a trivial body, we have to emit it
50   // separately.
51   if (!D->hasTrivialBody())
52     return true;
53 
54   const CXXRecordDecl *Class = D->getParent();
55 
56   // We are going to instrument this destructor, so give up even if it is
57   // currently empty.
58   if (Class->mayInsertExtraPadding())
59     return true;
60 
61   // If we need to manipulate a VTT parameter, give up.
62   if (Class->getNumVBases()) {
63     // Extra Credit:  passing extra parameters is perfectly safe
64     // in many calling conventions, so only bail out if the ctor's
65     // calling convention is nonstandard.
66     return true;
67   }
68 
69   // If any field has a non-trivial destructor, we have to emit the
70   // destructor separately.
71   for (const auto *I : Class->fields())
72     if (I->getType().isDestructedType())
73       return true;
74 
75   // Try to find a unique base class with a non-trivial destructor.
76   const CXXRecordDecl *UniqueBase = nullptr;
77   for (const auto &I : Class->bases()) {
78 
79     // We're in the base destructor, so skip virtual bases.
80     if (I.isVirtual()) continue;
81 
82     // Skip base classes with trivial destructors.
83     const auto *Base =
84         cast<CXXRecordDecl>(I.getType()->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl());
85     if (Base->hasTrivialDestructor()) continue;
86 
87     // If we've already found a base class with a non-trivial
88     // destructor, give up.
89     if (UniqueBase) return true;
90     UniqueBase = Base;
91   }
92 
93   // If we didn't find any bases with a non-trivial destructor, then
94   // the base destructor is actually effectively trivial, which can
95   // happen if it was needlessly user-defined or if there are virtual
96   // bases with non-trivial destructors.
97   if (!UniqueBase)
98     return true;
99 
100   // If the base is at a non-zero offset, give up.
101   const ASTRecordLayout &ClassLayout = Context.getASTRecordLayout(Class);
102   if (!ClassLayout.getBaseClassOffset(UniqueBase).isZero())
103     return true;
104 
105   // Give up if the calling conventions don't match. We could update the call,
106   // but it is probably not worth it.
107   const CXXDestructorDecl *BaseD = UniqueBase->getDestructor();
108   if (BaseD->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getCallConv() !=
109       D->getType()->getAs<FunctionType>()->getCallConv())
110     return true;
111 
112   return TryEmitDefinitionAsAlias(GlobalDecl(D, Dtor_Base),
113                                   GlobalDecl(BaseD, Dtor_Base),
114                                   false);
115 }
116 
117 /// Try to emit a definition as a global alias for another definition.
118 /// If \p InEveryTU is true, we know that an equivalent alias can be produced
119 /// in every translation unit.
TryEmitDefinitionAsAlias(GlobalDecl AliasDecl,GlobalDecl TargetDecl,bool InEveryTU)120 bool CodeGenModule::TryEmitDefinitionAsAlias(GlobalDecl AliasDecl,
121                                              GlobalDecl TargetDecl,
122                                              bool InEveryTU) {
123   if (!getCodeGenOpts().CXXCtorDtorAliases)
124     return true;
125 
126   // The alias will use the linkage of the referent.  If we can't
127   // support aliases with that linkage, fail.
128   llvm::GlobalValue::LinkageTypes Linkage = getFunctionLinkage(AliasDecl);
129 
130   // We can't use an alias if the linkage is not valid for one.
131   if (!llvm::GlobalAlias::isValidLinkage(Linkage))
132     return true;
133 
134   llvm::GlobalValue::LinkageTypes TargetLinkage =
135       getFunctionLinkage(TargetDecl);
136 
137   // Check if we have it already.
138   StringRef MangledName = getMangledName(AliasDecl);
139   llvm::GlobalValue *Entry = GetGlobalValue(MangledName);
140   if (Entry && !Entry->isDeclaration())
141     return false;
142   if (Replacements.count(MangledName))
143     return false;
144 
145   // Derive the type for the alias.
146   llvm::Type *AliasValueType = getTypes().GetFunctionType(AliasDecl);
147   llvm::PointerType *AliasType = AliasValueType->getPointerTo();
148 
149   // Find the referent.  Some aliases might require a bitcast, in
150   // which case the caller is responsible for ensuring the soundness
151   // of these semantics.
152   auto *Ref = cast<llvm::GlobalValue>(GetAddrOfGlobal(TargetDecl));
153   llvm::Constant *Aliasee = Ref;
154   if (Ref->getType() != AliasType)
155     Aliasee = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(Ref, AliasType);
156 
157   // Instead of creating as alias to a linkonce_odr, replace all of the uses
158   // of the aliasee.
159   if (llvm::GlobalValue::isDiscardableIfUnused(Linkage) &&
160      (TargetLinkage != llvm::GlobalValue::AvailableExternallyLinkage ||
161       !TargetDecl.getDecl()->hasAttr<AlwaysInlineAttr>())) {
162     // FIXME: An extern template instantiation will create functions with
163     // linkage "AvailableExternally". In libc++, some classes also define
164     // members with attribute "AlwaysInline" and expect no reference to
165     // be generated. It is desirable to reenable this optimisation after
166     // corresponding LLVM changes.
167     Replacements[MangledName] = Aliasee;
168     return false;
169   }
170 
171   // If we have a weak, non-discardable alias (weak, weak_odr), like an extern
172   // template instantiation or a dllexported class, avoid forming it on COFF.
173   // A COFF weak external alias cannot satisfy a normal undefined symbol
174   // reference from another TU. The other TU must also mark the referenced
175   // symbol as weak, which we cannot rely on.
176   if (llvm::GlobalValue::isWeakForLinker(Linkage) &&
177       getTriple().isOSBinFormatCOFF()) {
178     return true;
179   }
180 
181   if (!InEveryTU) {
182     // If we don't have a definition for the destructor yet, don't
183     // emit.  We can't emit aliases to declarations; that's just not
184     // how aliases work.
185     if (Ref->isDeclaration())
186       return true;
187   }
188 
189   // Don't create an alias to a linker weak symbol. This avoids producing
190   // different COMDATs in different TUs. Another option would be to
191   // output the alias both for weak_odr and linkonce_odr, but that
192   // requires explicit comdat support in the IL.
193   if (llvm::GlobalValue::isWeakForLinker(TargetLinkage))
194     return true;
195 
196   // Create the alias with no name.
197   auto *Alias = llvm::GlobalAlias::create(AliasValueType, 0, Linkage, "",
198                                           Aliasee, &getModule());
199 
200   // Switch any previous uses to the alias.
201   if (Entry) {
202     assert(Entry->getType() == AliasType &&
203            "declaration exists with different type");
204     Alias->takeName(Entry);
205     Entry->replaceAllUsesWith(Alias);
206     Entry->eraseFromParent();
207   } else {
208     Alias->setName(MangledName);
209   }
210 
211   // Finally, set up the alias with its proper name and attributes.
212   setAliasAttributes(cast<NamedDecl>(AliasDecl.getDecl()), Alias);
213 
214   return false;
215 }
216 
codegenCXXStructor(const CXXMethodDecl * MD,StructorType Type)217 llvm::Function *CodeGenModule::codegenCXXStructor(const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
218                                                   StructorType Type) {
219   const CGFunctionInfo &FnInfo =
220       getTypes().arrangeCXXStructorDeclaration(MD, Type);
221   auto *Fn = cast<llvm::Function>(
222       getAddrOfCXXStructor(MD, Type, &FnInfo, /*FnType=*/nullptr,
223                            /*DontDefer=*/true, /*IsForDefinition=*/true));
224 
225   GlobalDecl GD;
226   if (const auto *DD = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(MD)) {
227     GD = GlobalDecl(DD, toCXXDtorType(Type));
228   } else {
229     const auto *CD = cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(MD);
230     GD = GlobalDecl(CD, toCXXCtorType(Type));
231   }
232 
233   setFunctionLinkage(GD, Fn);
234   setFunctionDLLStorageClass(GD, Fn);
235 
236   CodeGenFunction(*this).GenerateCode(GD, Fn, FnInfo);
237   setFunctionDefinitionAttributes(MD, Fn);
238   SetLLVMFunctionAttributesForDefinition(MD, Fn);
239   return Fn;
240 }
241 
getAddrOfCXXStructor(const CXXMethodDecl * MD,StructorType Type,const CGFunctionInfo * FnInfo,llvm::FunctionType * FnType,bool DontDefer,bool IsForDefinition)242 llvm::Constant *CodeGenModule::getAddrOfCXXStructor(
243     const CXXMethodDecl *MD, StructorType Type, const CGFunctionInfo *FnInfo,
244     llvm::FunctionType *FnType, bool DontDefer, bool IsForDefinition) {
245   GlobalDecl GD;
246   if (auto *CD = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(MD)) {
247     GD = GlobalDecl(CD, toCXXCtorType(Type));
248   } else {
249     GD = GlobalDecl(cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(MD), toCXXDtorType(Type));
250   }
251 
252   if (!FnType) {
253     if (!FnInfo)
254       FnInfo = &getTypes().arrangeCXXStructorDeclaration(MD, Type);
255     FnType = getTypes().GetFunctionType(*FnInfo);
256   }
257 
258   return GetOrCreateLLVMFunction(
259       getMangledName(GD), FnType, GD, /*ForVTable=*/false, DontDefer,
260       /*isThunk=*/false, /*ExtraAttrs=*/llvm::AttributeSet(), IsForDefinition);
261 }
262 
BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(CodeGenFunction & CGF,GlobalDecl GD,llvm::Type * Ty,const CXXRecordDecl * RD)263 static llvm::Value *BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
264                                               GlobalDecl GD,
265                                               llvm::Type *Ty,
266                                               const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
267   assert(!CGF.CGM.getTarget().getCXXABI().isMicrosoft() &&
268          "No kext in Microsoft ABI");
269   GD = GD.getCanonicalDecl();
270   CodeGenModule &CGM = CGF.CGM;
271   llvm::Value *VTable = CGM.getCXXABI().getAddrOfVTable(RD, CharUnits());
272   Ty = Ty->getPointerTo()->getPointerTo();
273   VTable = CGF.Builder.CreateBitCast(VTable, Ty);
274   assert(VTable && "BuildVirtualCall = kext vtbl pointer is null");
275   uint64_t VTableIndex = CGM.getItaniumVTableContext().getMethodVTableIndex(GD);
276   uint64_t AddressPoint =
277     CGM.getItaniumVTableContext().getVTableLayout(RD)
278        .getAddressPoint(BaseSubobject(RD, CharUnits::Zero()));
279   VTableIndex += AddressPoint;
280   llvm::Value *VFuncPtr =
281     CGF.Builder.CreateConstInBoundsGEP1_64(VTable, VTableIndex, "vfnkxt");
282   return CGF.Builder.CreateAlignedLoad(VFuncPtr, CGF.PointerAlignInBytes);
283 }
284 
285 /// BuildAppleKextVirtualCall - This routine is to support gcc's kext ABI making
286 /// indirect call to virtual functions. It makes the call through indexing
287 /// into the vtable.
288 llvm::Value *
BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(const CXXMethodDecl * MD,NestedNameSpecifier * Qual,llvm::Type * Ty)289 CodeGenFunction::BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(const CXXMethodDecl *MD,
290                                   NestedNameSpecifier *Qual,
291                                   llvm::Type *Ty) {
292   assert((Qual->getKind() == NestedNameSpecifier::TypeSpec) &&
293          "BuildAppleKextVirtualCall - bad Qual kind");
294 
295   const Type *QTy = Qual->getAsType();
296   QualType T = QualType(QTy, 0);
297   const RecordType *RT = T->getAs<RecordType>();
298   assert(RT && "BuildAppleKextVirtualCall - Qual type must be record");
299   const auto *RD = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
300 
301   if (const auto *DD = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(MD))
302     return BuildAppleKextVirtualDestructorCall(DD, Dtor_Complete, RD);
303 
304   return ::BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(*this, MD, Ty, RD);
305 }
306 
307 /// BuildVirtualCall - This routine makes indirect vtable call for
308 /// call to virtual destructors. It returns 0 if it could not do it.
309 llvm::Value *
BuildAppleKextVirtualDestructorCall(const CXXDestructorDecl * DD,CXXDtorType Type,const CXXRecordDecl * RD)310 CodeGenFunction::BuildAppleKextVirtualDestructorCall(
311                                             const CXXDestructorDecl *DD,
312                                             CXXDtorType Type,
313                                             const CXXRecordDecl *RD) {
314   const auto *MD = cast<CXXMethodDecl>(DD);
315   // FIXME. Dtor_Base dtor is always direct!!
316   // It need be somehow inline expanded into the caller.
317   // -O does that. But need to support -O0 as well.
318   if (MD->isVirtual() && Type != Dtor_Base) {
319     // Compute the function type we're calling.
320     const CGFunctionInfo &FInfo = CGM.getTypes().arrangeCXXStructorDeclaration(
321         DD, StructorType::Complete);
322     llvm::Type *Ty = CGM.getTypes().GetFunctionType(FInfo);
323     return ::BuildAppleKextVirtualCall(*this, GlobalDecl(DD, Type), Ty, RD);
324   }
325   return nullptr;
326 }
327